Carbon Compounds Lecture
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Transcript of Carbon Compounds Lecture
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8/14/2019 Carbon Compounds Lecture
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EVERYTHING in the universe iseither…..
MATTER
Energy
o
r
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Biochemistry-
The study of chemicals important to living systems
CHEMICALS are MATTER becausethey have mass and take upspace!!
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Chemicals of Life
All chemicals, all matter are made up of differentcombinations of the elements found on theperiodic table.
These are allof the
elements we
know of in
the
universe!!
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Chemicals of Life
ELEMENTS bond together to formMOLECULES
MOLECULES consist of two or moreatoms sharing their electrons.
MOLECULES consisting of atoms fromdifferent types of elements are calledCOMPOUNDS
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Chemicals of Life
Organisms from ALL of theKingdoms, from bacteria to animalsare made up of compounds formedmostly from relatively fewelements.
Carbon
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Hydrogen
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NITROGEN
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HYDROGEN-so simple…
hydrogen
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ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Are made up of two or moreelements, like all
compounds
Contain
CARBON Combine to form
organisms’ bodies!
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Organic CompoundsFour main categories important to life:
Proteins
Carbohydrates
LipidsNucleic
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PROTEINS
Contain NITROGEN,CARBON,HYDROGEN, ANDOXYGEN
Complex, longmolecules used tobuild structures of the body and
communicate withinthe body (enzymes,hormones)
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PROTEINS are made of AMINOACIDS
Your body needs20 different
specific aminoacids to build theproteins you need
You can make 12
yourself, the other8 you must get inyour food
ESSENTIAL AMINOACIDS:
*The 8 amino acids youmust intake in food
*Animal proteinscontain these 8,Plant proteinscontain some of the8 essential aminoacids
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CARBOHYDRATES
Are made of CARBON,HYDROGEN, AND
OXYGEN ONLY! Sugars, Starches
and Fiber are allcarbs!
Living things storeenergy incarbohydratemolecule
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carbohydrates
glucose and
fructose areMONOMERS
of thedisaccaride,
sucrose
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carbohydrates
Simple sugars havethe Chemicalformula: C6H12O6
Simple sugars areeasy to digest andrelease energystores form
Glucose,, fructose,ribose, and are allexamples of simplesugars
Complexcarbohydrates areformed when simplesugars are bonded by
dehydration synthesis Starches and fiber like
cellulose are complexcarbohydrates
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Monosaccharides and Disaccharides
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• Lipids are molecules that
contain only carbon,hydrogen, and oxygen, just
like carbohydrates
•Do not mix with water
•Also used for energy
storage
•Fats, oils,and waxes are all
lipids
LIPIDS
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Nucleic Acids
Are made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,nitrogen, and phosphorus
Are the molecules that hold the code for
how to make all the proteins of theorganism Are the molecules that communicate the
code for proteins to ribosomes
Are the molecules that help make theproteins in the ribosomes DNA & RNA
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DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID
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DNA has a unique chemicalstructure
Made of repeatingnucleotide units
Has two nucleotide
chains, which arebonded at thenitrogenous bases
The double chains
are twisted in a “double helix” shape
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Review
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Oxygen
LipidsCarbohydrates
Nucleic Acids
Proteins
Monomer
Polymer
Organic compound
Biochemistry
Element
Compound
Simple Sugar
Amino acid
Essential amino acid
Glucose