Carbohydrates. What are carbohydrates? Carbohydrates are one of the main types of food....
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Transcript of Carbohydrates. What are carbohydrates? Carbohydrates are one of the main types of food....
What are carbohydrates?What are carbohydrates?
Carbohydrates are one of the main Carbohydrates are one of the main types of food. types of food.
Your liver breaks down Your liver breaks down carbohydrates into glucose (blood carbohydrates into glucose (blood sugar). sugar).
Your body uses this sugar for energy Your body uses this sugar for energy for your cells, tissues and organs.for your cells, tissues and organs.
KindsKindssimple simple also called also called sugarssugars. .
They taste sweet and They taste sweet and are found in soda, are found in soda, cookies, candy, and cookies, candy, and other sugary foods other sugary foods
get simple get simple carbohydrates from carbohydrates from fruits, milk products fruits, milk products and table sugar; and table sugar;
quickly digested and quickly digested and absorbedabsorbed
Products made with Products made with refined sugar provide refined sugar provide little nutrition. little nutrition.
ComplexComplex Complex Complex
carbohydrates include carbohydrates include whole grain breads whole grain breads and cereals, starchy and cereals, starchy vegetables and vegetables and legumes; legumes;
take longer to digest; take longer to digest; parts are indigestible parts are indigestible
Complex Complex carbohydrates and carbohydrates and some simple some simple carbohydrates provide carbohydrates provide vitamins, , minerals and and fiber. .
Simple CarbohydratesSimple Carbohydrates
Simple Simple carbohydrates are carbohydrates are more refined, are more refined, are usually found in usually found in foods with fewer foods with fewer nutrients, and tend nutrients, and tend to be less to be less satisfying and satisfying and more fattening.more fattening.
Some examples of Some examples of foods containing foods containing simple simple carbohydrates are:carbohydrates are:Table sugar Table sugar
Corn syrup Corn syrup Fruit juice Fruit juice Candy Candy Cake Cake Bread made with white flour Bread made with white flour Pasta made with white flour Pasta made with white flour Soda popSoda pop
All baked goods made with All baked goods made with white flour white flour
Most packaged cerealsMost packaged cereals
Complex CarbohydratesComplex Carbohydrates Water CressWater Cress Oat bran breadOat bran bread Apricots, DriedApricots, Dried ZucchiniZucchini OatmealOatmeal PearsPears AsparagusAsparagus Oat bran cerealOat bran cereal Navy beansNavy beans Garbanzo beansGarbanzo beans Brussels SproutsBrussels Sprouts CauliflowerCauliflower
SpinachSpinach Whole BarleyWhole Barley GrapefruitGrapefruit Turnip GreensTurnip Greens BuckwheatBuckwheat ApplesApples LettuceLettuce Buckwheat breadBuckwheat bread PrunesPrunes
PlumsArtichokesMuseliStrawberriesOkraWild riceOrangesCabbageBrown riceYams
Kidney beansKidney beans EggplantEggplant Soy milkSoy milk LentilsLentils OnionsOnions Whole meal spelt Whole meal spelt
breadbread Split peasSplit peas TomatoesTomatoes
CeleryCelery Multi-grain breadMulti-grain bread CarrotsCarrots CucumbersCucumbers Pinto beansPinto beans PotatoesPotatoes Dill PicklesDill Pickles Yogurt, low fatYogurt, low fat SoybeansSoybeans RadishesRadishes Skim milkSkim milk LentilsLentils BroccoliBroccoli
Whole grainWhole grain
link to whole grain informationlink to whole grain information
http://www.mayoclinic.com/print/whole-grains/NU00204/METHOD=print
http://www.ific.org/publications/http://www.ific.org/publications/factsheets/wholegrainsfs.cfm?factsheets/wholegrainsfs.cfm?renderforprint=1#Definition%20andrenderforprint=1#Definition%20and%20Intake%20of%20Whole%20Intake%20of%20Whole%20Grains%20Grains
What chemicals make up What chemicals make up carbohydrates?carbohydrates?
Carbohydrates consist of the elements carbon Carbohydrates consist of the elements carbon ((CC), hydrogen (), hydrogen (HH) and oxygen () and oxygen (OO))
ratio of hydrogen twice that of carbon and oxygenratio of hydrogen twice that of carbon and oxygen Carbohydrates include sugars, starches, cellulose Carbohydrates include sugars, starches, cellulose
and many other compounds found in living and many other compounds found in living organisms. organisms.
simple sugars or simple sugars or monosaccharidesmonosaccharides. These simple . These simple sugars can combine with each other to form more sugars can combine with each other to form more complex carbohydrates.complex carbohydrates.
combination of two simple sugars is a combination of two simple sugars is a disaccharidedisaccharide..
Carbohydrates consisting of two to ten simple Carbohydrates consisting of two to ten simple sugars are called sugars are called oligosaccharidesoligosaccharides, and those , and those with a larger number are called with a larger number are called polysaccharidespolysaccharides..
What does it mean to be an organic What does it mean to be an organic molecule?molecule?
Organic molecules are those that: 1) Organic molecules are those that: 1) formed by the actions of living formed by the actions of living things; and/or 2) have a carbon things; and/or 2) have a carbon backbone backbone
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookCHEM2.html#Organic%20molecules link to structures of organic link to structures of organic moleculesmolecules
Fructose a simple sugar that occurs naturally in foods
gives fruits their sweet taste
Crystalline fructose obtained from processing corn or sugar
used in food and beverages as a nutritive sweetener
roughly 1.2 times the sweetness of table sugar in most food applications.
Fructose (cont’d)Fructose (cont’d)
crystalline fructose boosts sweetness, cake height (in baked goods) and
mouth-feel of foods and beverages it produces a pleasing brown surface
color and pleasant aroma when baking has a low Glycemic Index which is
useful in formulating foods with a low Glycemic Load (for diabetic foods, for example)
How is the organic molecule How is the organic molecule term different from another term different from another meaning of organic which we meaning of organic which we associate with food?associate with food?
How could it be How could it be similar?(where do similar?(where do you think the term you think the term came from)came from)
ReferencesReferences
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/carbohydrates.html#cat10carbohydrates.html#cat10
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookCHEM2.html#OrganicBioBookCHEM2.html#Organic%20molecules%20molecules
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sucrosehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sucrose http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fructosehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fructose http://www.eatright.org/ada/files/http://www.eatright.org/ada/files/
FRUCTOSE.pdf FRUCTOSE.pdf