BY:Santiago Ospina García.Carlos López Díaz.

INTRODUCTION

Nonthyphoidal Salmonella(NTS)

Major cause of foodborne gastroenteritis,septicemia,endovascular infections,and meningitis.

Sub-Saharan Africa.

Morbidity

Mortality

INTRODUCTION

Actually the problem is the tolerance created by the microorganisms. Consequently, this has promoted the development of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-(ESBL)-production in Salmonella

TEM CTX-M SHV

To the treatment of these infections were used antimicrobials.

CTX-M 15 Mobilizing ability

SALMONELLASalmonella is the genus name for a group of bacteria that consists of two species; Salmonella bongori and Salmonella enteric. Salmonella enteric is responsible for the majority of Salmonella infections in warm-blooded animals.

• Family: Enterobactericeae• Gram-negative bacteria• Anaerobic facultative bacteria• Mesophilic microorganism though survive in frozen and

dried states for a long time

SALMONELLA

HABITATSalmonellae are natural inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tracts of domesticated and wild animalsHumans can also be carriers following an infection and shed the pathogens through feces for a long time They have also been isolated from soil, water, and sewage contaminated with fecal matters

Salmonellosis

Antibiotic resistance.What is?Antibiotic resistance occurs when an antibiotic has lost its ability to effectively control or kill bacterial growth; in other words, the bacteria are "resistant" and continue to multiply in the presence of therapeutic levels of an antibiotic.

Mechanism

Enzyme that degrades antibiotics.

Efflux pump.

Alteration of the antibitics.

ESBLExtended-spectrum beta-lactamases are enzymes that confer resistance to most beta-lactam antibiotics, including penicillins, cephalosporins, and the monobactam aztreonam. Infections with ESBL-producing organisms have been associated with poor outcomes.

OBJECTIVETo study the phenotypic and genotypic of the diferents strains of Salmonella and the relation between CTX-M15 and the antimicriobian resistance.

MATERIALES Y MÉTODOSAislamientos

Toma de muestra Se coloca medio de

cultivo(caldo de enriquecimiento)

Inoculacion(37°C)

Se utiliza Hektoen-enteric.

Se detecta el sulfuro de hidrogeno.

Se observa los patrones de

suceptibilidad.

EXTRACCIÓN DNA Y PCR

isopropanolol Acido acético

Buffer.

PCR-real time

• ELECTROFORESIS DE GEL EN CAMPO PULSADO(PFGE)

Results

Misma formula antigénica :

6,7:d:1,5

Results

Results

DiscussionUsha (2008) He said that salmonella spp

can harbor multiple ESBL enzyme-types simultaneously.

Dropa(2015) and Woerther (2013)

They said that CTMX15 enzyme have become the dominant ESBL type due to their highly mobile genetic elements between strains.

Krauland (2010) He said that Multi-drug resistance in salmonella is primarily mediated by resistance genes associated with mobile genetic elements such as plasmids,transposons,and integrons encoding ESBL enzymes.

Conclusions

• With this researches we can understand the resistance mechanism and kind of b-lactamase of different salmonella isangi species.

• The studies of salmonella isangi are very important because we can know the resistance of differents salmonella isangy species and treat it according to the species present in the patients

treatment of the patient

• The resistance of Salmonella multidrug has increased in the last decades because it has the potential to perform mutations and make B-lactamases have greater action .

• When there is resistance to antimicrobian drugs is possible give an ideal medicine to prevent the development of the disease and its propagation.

• .