Car electronization trend in automotive industry

73
Automotive Electronics Trend in Automotive Industry by: Kenji Suzuki ESPEC CORP. Dec. 17, 2014

Transcript of Car electronization trend in automotive industry

Page 1: Car electronization   trend in automotive industry

Automotive ElectronicsTrend in Automotive Industry

by: Kenji Suzuki

ESPEC CORP.

Dec. 17, 2014

Page 2: Car electronization   trend in automotive industry

Contents

III. Obstacles & Solutions

IV. Related Standards

V. Appendix

I. Structure of the Industry

II. Electronics: Today & Tomorrow

Page 3: Car electronization   trend in automotive industry

Contents

III. Obstacles & Solutions

IV. Related Standards

V. Appendix

I. Structure of the Industry

II. Electronics: Today & Tomorrow

Page 4: Car electronization   trend in automotive industry

1890~1970 Local->Regional

Cars made locally, using locally supplied parts

Cars distributed locally

Serving the local economy and community

Product taste matching the locals

2000~ Glocal (multi-domestic)

Export of the whole supply chain and technology

“Global platform” with taste matching exterior

and design > volume discount with no

compromise in taste

Hedging currency exchange risk and import duty

Industry Structure Trend

1970~2000 Global

Export of complete vehicles

“Global standard” products

Price advantage based on volume discount

Currency exchange risk

Product taste not matching the locals

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Supply Chain Structure

Source: Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry

Once believed to have an ideal structure, was denied

completely by the earthquake that hit Japan in 2011.

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Industry Structure (Keiretsu)

Takanichi

04年合併

23.51%

5.45%

22.25%

Toyoda Koki Automotive

23.62%

22.56%

Merged

‘06

24.77%

9.1%

7.85%

39.36%

Toyota Boshoku Corp.

Arakawa Auto Body

Note: Numbers show the percentage of stake owned by Toyota

Toyota Ind. Corp.

22.57%

42.8%

31.16%

Page 8: Car electronization   trend in automotive industry

Industry Structure Type

1. Closed: Owning parts mfr. as a division or

a group within a company.

2. Semi-Closed: Parts supply to be

outsourced to limited number of

companies (Owning a fair amount of their stake).

KEIRETSU

3. Open: Having parts supply to be

outsourced as an open bid as required.

Page 9: Car electronization   trend in automotive industry

OEM and SuppliersOEM

(Car Mfr.)

Tier 1

(System Mfr.)

Tier 2

(Parts Mfr.)

Traditional Relationship

Tier 1 Supplier

(System Mfr.)

OEM

(Car Mfr.)

Tier 2 Supplier

(Parts Mfr.)

Current Relationship

In the past, OEMs dealt directly with Tier 1s and

only with their Tier 1s. There was no direct

communication between OEMs and Tier 2s.

However, today, the relationship is more triangular

rather than vertical, OEMs communicate with both

the Tier 1s and Tier 2s at the same time.

Page 10: Car electronization   trend in automotive industry

OEM and Suppliers

Cooperation of Parts Mfr. And OEM

A must-have relationship to adapt the

latest and best electronic technologies

available.

Adaptation possibilities and cultivation of

“Newborn Tech” to car applications.

Key: Adaptation to Car Applications

<Examples>

1. Automotive Microcomputer

2. ACC* Radar(milliwave, laser, camera)

<Progress>

1. OEM+Parts Mfr. 「Fundamental Development」

2. +System Mfr. 「Product Development」

Tier 1 Supplier

(System Mfr.)

Tier 2 Supplier

(Parts Mfr.)

OEM

(Car Mfr.)

Tier 1 Supplier

(System Mfr.)

Tier 2 Supplier

(Parts Mfr.)

OEM

(Car Mfr.)

Courtesy: Nissan Motors Corp.*ACC: Automatic Cruise Control

Page 11: Car electronization   trend in automotive industry

Development Lead Time

Source: Initia Consulting

Page 12: Car electronization   trend in automotive industry

Vehicle Development – The Difference

Source: Roland Berger

Region

Development Time Cost Quality

Rating Reason Rating Reason Rating Reason

EU/

NAShort

•By modularization

- Specifying modules

in pre-development

stage

- Less newly

developed parts

Low

•Scale merit by

utilizing modules to

multiple vehicles

•Clear development

time frame

•RFQ to multiple

suppliers

High

•Improvement per

module or architecture

•Efficiency in

production

JPN Short

•Good understanding by

parts suppliers

- Instant

understanding of

OEM's request

- Acucmulation of

daily meetings

Low

•Cost reduction by working

together

•Becoming difficult to meet

price requirements in

global competition

environment.

Very

High

•Broad approach to

safety, quality, and

reliability

•Approach done at every

stage of suppliers

•Possibilities of over

quality

CHN Short

•Using conventional parts

and modules

•Least amount of

evaluation and testing

•Less demanding market

Very

Low

•Volume purchase of

conventional parts

•Stringent request of cost

reduction

•Self-production as an

option

Low

•Many copies and

counterfeit by reverse

engineering

•Unbalanced vehicle

dynamics

•Low interest in NVH

Page 13: Car electronization   trend in automotive industry

Vehicle Architecture

This is not a matter of right or wrong, but manufacturers are always

looking for better ways to make profit. The European manufacturers

failed to pursuit the Japanese way of building cars. They found their

style in modularization, pioneered by Volkswagen.

80’s and 90’s Current Majority Volkswagen and a few

Source: Roland Berger

Page 14: Car electronization   trend in automotive industry

Modular Design (VW)

The idea of “module” has been

implemented in all levels from

components to vehicle.

The base is to utilize what’s already

available.

One of the prominent characteristics

of the Modular Transverse Matrix is

the uniform mounting position of ALL

engines.

Volkswagen Modular Transverse Matrix (MQB)

Page 15: Car electronization   trend in automotive industry

Group Responsibility in Dev. (VW)

1. Vehicle Architecture-Related・Make design rules and vehicle architectures on ALL VW and Audi vehicles

2. Module-Related・Continuous development per modules

・Module Manager will decide what will be used for each vehicle

・Non-module parts are developed by orders from Project Team.

3. Vehicle-Related・Organized team per vehicle

・Responsible for the total packaging of a vehicle excluding modules

・Utilize modules already available and consider development of what is

not available

Unlike many of their Japanese rivals, the vehicle

project manager is NOT in charge of that vehicle.

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Modularization

Mazda Common Architecture

Toyota New Global Architecture PSA Peugeot Citroen EMP2 Efficient Modular Platform

Renault/Nissan Common Module Family

Page 17: Car electronization   trend in automotive industry

Megaplatforms

OEM PlatformVolume(in mn)

No. of Models

Sample Models

1 VW MQB 6.3 41 VW Golf; Passat, Audi A3

2 Toyota MC 5.2 25 Auris, Corolla, Vibe: Scion xB

3 Hyundai/Kia HD 3.0 16 Hyundai i30; KiaCee'd

4 GM Delta 2.5 19 Opel Astra; Chevrolet Cruze

5 PSA EMP2 2.3 24 Peugeot 308; Citroen C4, DS4

6 Renault/Nissan B 2.2 10 Renault Clio; Nissan Cube, Juke, Leaf

7 Ford C1 2.2 18 Focus, C-Max, Kuga

8 Hyundai/Kia PB 1.9 18 Hyundai i20; Kia Rio; Venga

9 Renault/Nissan CMF1 1.9 20 Renault Megane, Nissan Qashqai

10 Ford B2E 1.8 11 Fiesta, B-Max; Mazda2/Demio

Subtotal 29.4 202

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Contents

III. Obstacles & Solutions

IV. Related Standards

V. Appendix

I. Structure of the Industry

II. Electronics: Today & Tomorrow

Page 19: Car electronization   trend in automotive industry

a. Pursuit of Better Efficiency and Safety

GREEN : Low (Zero) emission

Multiple powertrain (Hybrid)

CVT, DCT and other high efficiency transmission

Safety: Advanced Emergency Brake System (AEBS)

Adaptive Cruise Control System (ACCS)

Lane Departure Warning System (LDWS)

Pedestrian Airbag

Alcohol Ignition Interlock

Traffic Avoidance System

Comfort: Cabin Air quality management

Linear Motor Suspension

Wellness: Health monitor of occupants

Courtesy: Nikkei BP(Hitachi)、Dräger Safety AG & Co. KGaA、TEAC Corp.

Page 20: Car electronization   trend in automotive industry

Country

Rate per

100,000

population

Absolute

Deaths

China 16.5 96,611

Indonesia 16.2 16,548

Vietnam 16.1 12,800

Thailand 19.6 12,492

Japan 5 6,639

Malaysia 23.6 6,282

Bangladesh 12.6 4,108

Afghanistan 39 1,779

Cambodia 12.1 1,668

Myanmar 23.4 1,638

Philippines 20 1,185

Singapore 4.8 214

Bhutan 14.4 111

b. Priority…Greener and Safer

Protection of pedestrians and occupants, and earth’s environment is a

MUST, regardless of geographical area. These are GLOBAL ISSUES!!

Courtesy: AltEnergyStocks.com

Global Emission Standard TimelineSE Asia Traffic Death Statistics

In the past, it was common to see so-called “Trickle down effect” in car

features. The latest and best technologies were only available to those

sold in developed countries. But Not anymore! They have to provide as

much hi-tech and new technologies to ALL of their customers.

Courtesy: WHO survey 2009

Page 21: Car electronization   trend in automotive industry

Cars on DietSource: Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A.

Source: BMW AG

Source: Nissan Motor Company

Source: General Motors Company

Page 22: Car electronization   trend in automotive industry

Higher Voltage

1920s 1955 2015? 20XX

7V

(6V Battery)

14V

(12V Battery)42V

(36V Battery)

Multiple-Voltage

Load: Accessories

- Lamp

- Ignition

Load: Body electronics

- Lamp

- Engine management

system

- Audio

- Navigation System

Load: PWR electronics

- HEV, ISG

- X-by-wire

- High fuel-efficiency

- Low emission

HEV, FCEV 150 – 300V

- Power: 42V

- ECU: 7V

Merit:

• Higher voltage = lower amps (1/3 less) = thinner cables, smaller

connectors, and smaller motors = Weigh less = better fuel efficiency

• Be able to use high-wattage system (E-air compressor, motor

generator, integrated starter generator, E-heated windshield, and etc.)

• Less use of converters = less power loss = better overall efficiency

Source: Tatsuo Teratani

Edited by author

Page 23: Car electronization   trend in automotive industry

Internet of Things (IoT)

Internet connection is something we

cannot live without. That is also true for

cars…at least that’s what people in

governments, IT and auto industries

think.

But how it should be disclosed by the

government and/or the companies who are

involved, and the security of data and

privacy protection are something that must

to be solved.

Page 24: Car electronization   trend in automotive industry

Regulations or …

Source: Automotive Technology Magazine translated by author

Assessment of technology

and disclosure of test

results by institutions may

encourage manufacturers

to implement and improve

the technology earlier than

their original plan.

Page 25: Car electronization   trend in automotive industry

System in Sync

Trend of Vehicle System

Individual Control SystemVehicle Integrated

System

Vehicle + Infrastructure

Integration

Vehicle Integrated System

(Application)

SystemSoftware

Integrated AP

Hardware

・・・Engine Brake Steering

Steering

AP

Brake

AP

Engine

AP

Next GenerationPresentPast

Page 26: Car electronization   trend in automotive industry

Evolution in Brakes

Shrink in size, IntegrationEx: Used to be a separate unit, but now they are integrated as one.

ABS CPU

ABS Hydraulic

Pump

ABS Unit

Camera or Radar

Unit

Seatbelt

SynchronizationEx: A group of parts work in-sync to execute a function, as a system.

70’s ~ 80’s

80’s ~ 90’s

2000’s ~

Page 27: Car electronization   trend in automotive industry

Increase of Electronics (1)

• In semiconductor industry, sales to automotive industry was US$11 billion in 2000. However, that number reached US$25.5 billion in 2012, and by 2017, it is expected to reach US$40 billion. (Annual growth of 11%)

• Cost of Electronics in a Vehicle

2005 Avg. 20%

2015 >Avg. 40% (expected)

Courtesy: PricewaterhouseCoopers

Courtesy: Nikkei BP

25.527.9

31.134.5

37.440

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

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40

45

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Worldwide Automotive Semiconductor Growth

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1990’s Today 2020’s

Application for MCU will

continue to grow

Increase in number of 32 bit MCUs

used in ECUs may be small.

However, due to new applications

such as vision and sensor systems,

number of 8 and/or 16 bit MCUs will

increase.

By integrating multiple

ECUs, the number should

decrease….

However, introduction of new

systems will require more complex

system LSI and graphic LSI,

which may lead to increase in

number of ECUs.

Number of ECUs stabilizes, while number of MCUs continue to grow.

Integration of multiple ECUs has begun. However, there are new systems that requires

MCUs to control, are waiting to be adapted. As a whole, number of ECUs may stabilizes

while the number of MCUs expected to continue to grow.

Increase of Electronics (2)

Number of ECUs

Number of Microprocessors

Courtesy: Nikkei Automotive Technology

Page 29: Car electronization   trend in automotive industry

ECU Groupings/Integration

Integration

by

Function

Approx. 60 to 100 ECUs Integrated into 4 function groups

► Powertrain

► Multimedia

► Body Control

► Safety

Integration of approx. 60 to 100 ECUs to 4F groups.

Toyota Motors has announced that they will integrate ECUs to 4 function

groups. 4 function groups are:

1.Powertrain 2.Body Control 3.Multimedia 4.Safety

Courtesy: Toyota Motor Company

Page 30: Car electronization   trend in automotive industry

Miniaturization Mounting Technique(Semicon、MLPC、Material)

<Today>

ECU Placement=Dead Space

<Future>

No more dead space= Miniaturization

Hattori, (Toyota Motors) MES2005

<Today>

Following consumer electronics

<Future>

Leading miniaturization technique and technology

Leader not Follower

Page 31: Car electronization   trend in automotive industry

Direct-Mount ECUMiniaturization and

High Temp. Operation

ECU directly mounted on engine to

cut the use of wire harness and

production cost. Some vehicle

even submerge ACU in

transmission oil.

<New Technology>・Aluminum Oxide Substrate

・High-Temp. Application IC

・Bare-chip mounting technique

・Power semiconductor devices

Change in Environment

Photo: Mercedes Benz CLS 350 CGI

OBDII Electronic Transmission Control Unit

Porsche Cayenne Hybrid ECU

BMW M5 ECU

Page 32: Car electronization   trend in automotive industry

Change in Expectations in a Car

For globalization of the business, the expansion of mfg.

capability while maintaining the quality will be the key.

50%

10%

183%

Courtesy: Denso Courtesy: Nikkei BP

~Key: Manufacturing Quality~Car Production per Region

Page 33: Car electronization   trend in automotive industry

Something You Want to Avoid

These are the last thing you want to see!!

Page 34: Car electronization   trend in automotive industry

The Challenge – Volume Zone

The volume zone is shifting to

low-end cars. No bells and

whistles but with low, low

price tag. These cars are to

be sold mainly in BRICs,

ASEAN, S. America, Africa

and E. Europe, where mobility

itself is becoming a part of

their life.

N. America, W. Europe,

Japan

(Saturated market)

BRICs, ASEAN,

S. America, Africa,

E. Europe

(Potential market)

TATA NANO

Rs. 2.5 lakh

US$ 3,000

DACIA LOGAN

EU 7,600

US$ 9,800

HONDA CIVIC

JPY 1.9M

US$ 18,000

Page 35: Car electronization   trend in automotive industry

The Challenge – Stay in Business

Large market

Low-Priced

Vehicles

Low Profitability

Small market

Mid-High Priced

Vehicles

High Profitability

Earn by

VOLUME

Earn by

PROFITABILITY

Page 36: Car electronization   trend in automotive industry

Contents

III. Obstacles & Solutions

IV. Related Standards

V. Appendix

I. Structure of the Industry

II. Electronics: Today & Tomorrow

Page 37: Car electronization   trend in automotive industry

Problem Caused by Electronization

All began in a small independent system.

Began in power window and power steering but now to

AT, fuel injection, navigation systems and etc.

Independent system no longer

valuable. Multiple systems working in

synch are expected.

Harness used to connect these

systems increased dramatically.

Causing increase in:

Harness, # of parts (weight) and Cost

Page 38: Car electronization   trend in automotive industry

Problem Caused by Electronization

All began in a small independent system.

Began in power window and power steering but now to

AT, fuel injection, navigation systems and etc.

Independent system no longer

valuable. Multiple systems working in

synch are expected.

Harness used to connect these

systems increased dramatically.

Causing increase in:

Harness, # of parts (weight) and Cost

Page 39: Car electronization   trend in automotive industry

Recent Major Recalls by Auto Mfrs.

Date Mfr. Cause Affected Vehicles

May 15 GM Brake Lamp 2,700,000

Apr. 9 Toyota Airbags 6,390,000

Apr. 1 GM PW Steering 1,340,000

Mar. 17 GM Airbags 1,750,000

Feb. 12 Toyota Software 1,840,000

Feb. 10 GM Airbags 2,191,000

Jan . 30 Toy/Lex Airbag/Wipers 1,290,000

Jan. 16 VW Transmission 1,600,000

Recall Problems

Page 40: Car electronization   trend in automotive industry

Recall Problems

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Number of Recall

Number of Vehicles Affected by Recall

Page 41: Car electronization   trend in automotive industry

Courtesy: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport Japan

Recall Analysis

Recalls made 2006~2010

Page 42: Car electronization   trend in automotive industry

Recall Counter Measures

1. If there is to be a recall1. Retrace of trouble

1. Cause-Analysis, Importance (Criticality) Measure

2. Influence-Analysis

3. Assessment of Counter Measures

2. Recall Announcement1. Redesign & Test (Design of repair need to be done to meet

the original spec. and evaluation test)

2. Procurement and/or Manufacturing of Parts Required

3. Vehicle recovery, Service and Maintenance

2. Recall Prevention1. Modularization of Platform

2. Standardization of Parts without increasing a risk

3. Standardization of Design

Page 43: Car electronization   trend in automotive industry

Recall Prevention and Cost Balance

Volume (Scale) MeritLimit number of suppliers and

getting as much volume

discount as possible would

result in lower market price

among competitors. Reliable

parts can be used in ALL

vehicles.

Quality (Recall) RiskOne defect in a part can affect

ALL vehicles produced. Recalls

not only cost them physically,

but also in brand’s reputation.

OEMS cannot be aware of all

new technologies used in their

vehicles.

They need to find a way to balance it out!(Low cost AND low risk)

Page 44: Car electronization   trend in automotive industry

Autmotive Electronics

BASICAfraid of RECALL s. Stringent qualitymanagement and reliability evaluationsexpected.

Need to meet demand the industry'sshort product life-cycle . Quickimplementation of the latest technologyis the key.

Requirements

・Reliability (>10yrs.)・Quality (No dispersion)・Anti-Heat (-40℃~+150℃)・Spec. (Relatively Low-Spec.)

・Reliability (3yrs.)・Quality (Dispersion accepted)・Temp. Range (-30℃~+85℃)・Spec. (High-Spec.)

Test Spec.

・Temp. Range: -40℃~+150(180)℃・Test Time: 1,000~3,000hrs.・Stress: Temp./RH/Cycle/Vib./ Cond./Salt Spray

・Temp. Range: -35(55)℃~+85(125)℃・Test Time: 300~1,000hrs.・Stress: Temp./RH/Cycle

Obstacles

・ Establishment of legitimate re liability evaluation procedures・Shortening of development lead time・Cost reduction of testing・Quality management of int'l procurement

・Shortening of development lead time・Cost reduction of testing・ Expanding business into automotive industry

~Entry of Electronics Mfrs.~

Automotive Requirements

Page 45: Car electronization   trend in automotive industry

Why So Harsh?

Drive Turn

Stop

Safety

Comfort

Environment

Utility

Major Critical FaultOperational Risk

Fire Hazard

Hot and Dusty (Dry) Dry and Icy

Cold and Windy Hot and Humid

Page 46: Car electronization   trend in automotive industry

Obstacles in Car Development

Development Trend:-Shortening of development lead time

-Lowering prime cost while sustaining quality

Obstacles:-Application environment getting severe

-Reliability testing not being able to keep the

pace with development lead time

-Cost increase due to increase in both the

number of testing and test samples

What’s ahead:-Improvement of simulation technique

(Implementation of CAE)

-Shortening of test time (Adaptation of accelerated test)

-Establishment of legitimate reliability testing procedures

Page 47: Car electronization   trend in automotive industry

9.439.27 9.28 9.44

9.63

9.96

10.410.55

10.77

10.9710.93

11.1

11.6611.67

11.68

12.7 12.4312.16

12.58

9.6 9.6 9.619.48 9.84

10.5310.68

10.92

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11.8411.72

11.47

11.92 11.72

13.5

12.72 13.0412.81

13.24

12.3612.53 12.58 12.52

12.64

13.03

13.7213.98

14.41 14.48

15.34

15.0214.83

15.62

15

16.59

17.37

16.82

17.91

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1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Light Vehicle

Commercial Vehicles

Bus

Life of Vehicles per Vehicle Type

More than 30% longer!!

Page 48: Car electronization   trend in automotive industry

GM Recall

Ignition switch that was approved by

GM in 2002 found defective to shut

off the engine during driving and

thereby prevent the airbags from

inflating. The fault had been known

to GM for at least a decade prior to

the recall being declared.

GM recalled more than 29 million

vehicles around the world.

To date, there are:

251 death claims

2,075 injury claims

List of affected vehicles

Page 49: Car electronization   trend in automotive industry

Takata Recall

Defects were found in inflator

that were made between 2000

and 2002 (installed in the vehicles

sold between 2002 and 2008). This

defect could lead to over-

aggressive combustion to

cause the inflator housing to

rupture, to injure or to kill

occupants.

There are:

4 death claims

30 injury claims

More than 14 million vehicles

were recalled to date.

Page 50: Car electronization   trend in automotive industry

An Ideal and Reality

In QA, main goal is to decrease initial and random

failures. However, if the products are used in extreme

conditions, decrease in wear-out failure will be the key.Implementation of the idea of “Fail-safe”

Page 51: Car electronization   trend in automotive industry

Zero Defect and Fault Tolerance

ZERO DEFECTFAIL SAFE

FAULT TOLERANT

Tier 1

(System Mfr.)

Tier 2

(Parts Mfr.)

Tier 3

(Material Mfr.)Car Mfr.

(OEM)

Page 52: Car electronization   trend in automotive industry

Contents

III. Obstacles & Solutions

IV. Related Standards

V. Appendix

I. Structure of the Industry

II. Electronics: Today & Tomorrow

Page 53: Car electronization   trend in automotive industry

• International, Industrial Standards

– ISO, IEC, JEDEC, AEC and etc.

– Open to public and available for purchase.

• Corporate Standards – supplier certification

– Non-Keiretsu

• New suppliers are welcome.

• Standards are available for purchase. (mostly

online)

– Keiretsu (mostly Japanese OEMs)

• Basically disclosed.

• Test background and how-to are only supplied

certified vendors.

Types of Standards

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Electronics-Related(1)

• International Standards

•ISO16750-2003

Road vehicles -- Environmental conditions and testing for electrical and electronic

equipment

•ISO10487-1995

Passenger Car Radio Connections

• Domestic (National) Standard

•JIS Japanese Industrial Standard

•D1601 Vibration Testing Methods for Automobile Parts

•C0024~28 Environmental Testing (Electric/Electronics)

•D0205 Test Method of Weatherability for Automotive Parts

•DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung (Germany)

•DIN 10599 Car radios - Coaxial aerial connectors

Page 55: Car electronization   trend in automotive industry

Electronics-Related(2)

• Industrial Organizations and Standards• (US)AEC AEC Q100 Rev F2

• (US)JEDEC JESD22-A100-B~JESD22-A121

AEC was established in 1993, established by Chrysler, Ford, and GM for the purpose of establishing common part-qualification and quality-system standards.

The JEDEC Solid State Technology Association is the semiconductor engineering standardization body of the Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA), a trade association that represents all areas of the electronics industry. JEDEC was originally created in 1960 as a joint activity between EIA an NEMA, to cover the standardization of discrete semiconductor devices and later expanded in 1970 to include integrated circuits.

• (US)SAE J2446, J1211, J771 and etc.SAE or Society of Automotive Engineers is one of the oldest trade organization, which was established in 1905.

• (JPN)JASO D001-94JASO is standards published by JSAE or Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan.

• Corporate Standards•GM-CM, BMW GS, VW, Delphi, Navistar and etc.

Page 56: Car electronization   trend in automotive industry

AEC Standards

• Primary members of the AEC are Tier 1 and Tier 2

manufacturers. The standards are valid mainly among

American and European manufacturers.

• AEC-Q100-REV F2

• Target: Integrated Circuits (IC)

• AEC-Q200-REV C

• Target: Passive Components

• Testing Procedures:• MIL-STD-202 Method 103, 106, 107, 108, 204, 210, 213 etc.

• JESD22 Method JA-104、JESD47 Method JA-105 etc.

Page 57: Car electronization   trend in automotive industry

Where Can We Find Them?

• ISO http://www.iso.org/iso/home/store/catalogue_ics.htm

• IEC http://webstore.iec.ch/?ref=menu

• MIL http://www.landandmaritime.dla.mil/

• JIS http://www.jisc.go.jp/app/JPS/JPSO0020.html (Japanese only)

• DIN http://www.beuth.de/cmd?level=tpl-home&languageid=en

• JEDEC http://www.jedec.org/standards-documents

• SAE http://standards.sae.org/automotive/

• AEC http://www.aecouncil.com/AECDocuments.html

• Corporate Standards

– IHS http://www.ihs.com/products/design/industry-standards/organizations/

– FREESTD http://www.freestd.us/

Page 58: Car electronization   trend in automotive industry

Contents

III. Obstacles & Solutions

IV. Related Standards

V. Appendix

I. Structure of the Industry

II. Electronics: Today & Tomorrow

Page 59: Car electronization   trend in automotive industry

Failure Rate Trend per Mfr.メーカー別経年故障率

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

使用年数

故障

C hrysler

Ford

G M

Honda

Hyundai

Nissan

Toyota

Volkswagen

Toyota

Honda

Nissan

Ford

Chrysler

GM

Volkswagen

Hyundai

Source: Design News (Data provided by Consumer Report)

(1

00台あたり)

Years in Use

Fail

ure

Rate

per

100 V

eh

icle

Page 60: Car electronization   trend in automotive industry

Industry average improved 5% from

2012 study and is the lowest problem

count since the inception of the study

in 1989.

The study finds that the fewer

problems owners experience with their

vehicle, the greater their loyalty to the

brand.

On the regard, VW is yet to see the

effect of modularization, at least in the

North American market.

Failure Rate Trend per Mfr.

Page 61: Car electronization   trend in automotive industry

“Quality” in Auto Industry

Application

Environment

Warranted Spec.

Design

Experiment

& Test

Apply for

Approval

Sale

Service,

Maintenance

Approved

Law,

Standards

Customer’s Demand,

Actual Usage

Experiment & Testing

Procedures

Be sure of the estimation:

All cars sold should have

no problems.

Requires approx.

2 years

Any problem =

Redesign

Ex.: Engine Spec.,

Temp. Region,

Exhaust Gas Level

Recall as

necessary

Courtesy: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport Japan

Page 62: Car electronization   trend in automotive industry

R. Wayne, IEEE Transaction on Electronics packaging manufacturing, Vo.27, No.3, 2004

General Motors & Delphi Delco

Toyota Motors

Corporate Standard (Test Conditions)

Page 63: Car electronization   trend in automotive industry

Actual Environment

Source: Electronics Cooling

Each manufacturers gather their own data from their own cars.

With ambient temperature considered, the temperature that

electronic parts may get exposed to, can range from -40 to as

high as +600 degrees. (Exhaust gas for sports cars may reach as high

as +1,000 degrees!)

Page 64: Car electronization   trend in automotive industry

Sample: Transmission Control Unit

Temperature Profile during an Actual Drive

R. Wayne Johnson ,The Changing Automotive Environmental, IEEE CPMT Society, Vol.3 No.3, 2004

Rapid

Rise

Actual Evaluation (DCX & Siemens VDO)

Page 65: Car electronization   trend in automotive industry

Test Result

<Test Time>Temp. Cycle (-40/+125℃)

>5000 Cycles

<Verdict>Material testing requires too

much time.

Warranty Period(Avg. Speed = 72.4Km/h)

16K km

(Today)

2000h

3000h

Te

st

Tim

e Prolonged

Obstacles

24K km

(Tomorrow)

<Engineers’ Complain>・Increasing test samples

・Far-Stretched test hours

・Different test procedures among

OEMs.

R. Wayne Johnson ,The Changing Automotive Environmental, IEEE CPMT Society, Vol.3 No.3, 2004

Actual Evaluation (DCX & Siemens VDO)

Page 66: Car electronization   trend in automotive industry

Development of Automatic Wiper (1)

They were asked to make an

Automatic Windshield Wiper

System for a luxury car segment.

Courtesy: James Fike

Source: BMW

Page 67: Car electronization   trend in automotive industry

Development of Automatic Wiper (2)

Spend more than 2 years in

research and development of

fundamental technologies

Page 68: Car electronization   trend in automotive industry

Development of Automatic Wiper (2)

They have done all related

international and industrial

standards and passed…

However, is that enough?

All the tests done in a lab are simulations.

How do you know for sure that this system

would work in real world??

What should you consider in addition to

the standards?

NO!!

Page 69: Car electronization   trend in automotive industry

Development of Automatic Wiper (3)

In real world, there are many

variations of rain!!

The wiper should work in ALL types of rain.

Page 70: Car electronization   trend in automotive industry

Development of Automatic Wiper (4)

But the rain is not the only thing

to obscure your visibility!!

All of these need to be taken into consideration.

How about snow?

How about spray from

the vehicles ahead?

What about sleet?

Page 71: Car electronization   trend in automotive industry

Development of Automatic Wiper (5)

They tested their

product for months in

various parts of Japan

and North America, just

to verify the technology.

Urban AreaRural Area

Powderly

Snow

Hokkaido

Sleet

Hokuriku

NagoyaChugoku

Manitoba

Blizzard

Michigan

Page 72: Car electronization   trend in automotive industry

Development of Automatic Wiper (6)

Their effort was paid off as a Japanese luxury

brand adopted the product as a standard

equipment on almost all of their cars.

Page 73: Car electronization   trend in automotive industry

Thank you foryour attention

We welcome your questions, suggestions, and/or

comments on this presentation!!

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