Capítulo IV. Manual de Construcción de Vivienda en Madera.

8/15/2019 Capítulo IV. Manual de Construcción de Vivienda en Madera.

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Nb Oakstruoojÿk cd Vjvjdkcbs dk Mbcdrb

Obpítuna JV

Tkjcbc 28

_anuojÿk cd Ouijdrtb dk Mbcdrb

Tkjcbc 25

Ydvdstjmjdktas dk Mbcdrb pbrb Pbrbmdktas Dxtdrjards

Tkjcbc 2:

_anuojÿk cd Ydvdstjmjdkta cd Ojdna y Pbrbmdktas Dxtdrjard

Tkjcbc 90

Ydvdstjmjdkta cd Pjsas oama _anuojÿk cd Pjsa

Tkjcbc 92

Sdrmjkbojÿk oak Mancurb cd Mbcdrb Cdoarbtjvb

Tkjcbc 99

Pudrtbs y Vdktbkbs

O A Y P A Y B O J

A K O EJND K B C D

N B M

B C D Y B

O E J N D P BJ _ F A Y D _ S B

N


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Tkjcbc 28_ANTOJAK CD OTIJDYSB

DK MBCDYB

O A Y P A Y B O J

A K O EJND K B C D

N B M

B C D Y B

O E J N D P BJ _ F A Y D _ S B

N


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TKJCBC 28

Nb Oakstruoojÿk cd Vjvjdkcbs dk Mbcdrb PBH

28.2 HDKDYBNJCBCD_

Nb vjvjdkcb rdqujdrd ukb ouijdrtb qud nb pratdlb cd nbnnuvjb, vjdkta, san y kjdvd, bjsnbkca su dstruoturb cd nbeumdcbc dxodsjvb y dvjtbkca dn jkhrdsa cd êstb bn jktdrjar cd nas rdojktas.

Fjhurb 28-2


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Par atrb pbrtd, b nb earb cd sdndoojakbr nb ouijdrtb, sdcdid tdkdr prdsdktd uk bspdota qud ka dstâ rdnbojakbcaoak na fukojakbn cd êstb, pdra ka par dsa mdkasjmpartbktd, qud ds dn hrbca cd tdrmjkbojÿk qud sd nahrb,yb qud dk dn mdrobca dxjstd ukb hrbk vbrjdcbc cdmbtdrjbnds, farmbs y oanards.

Dxjstd ukb jmpartbktd cjvdrsjcbc cd sanuojakds pbrbouijdrtbs, cjfdrdkojbcbs tbkta par nas farmbtas dk qud sdoamdrojbnjzbk (pnbkoebs cd cjstjktbs cjmdksjakds, ukjcbcdspdqudòbs nnbmbcbs tdludnbs), oama par dn tjpa cd mbtdrjbndk qud sak fbirjobcbs.

Fjhurb 28-3


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Dk su dnbiarbojÿk sd pudcdk utjnjzbr mbcdrbs cd Oajhþd,Obkdna y Bndrod, dktrd atras.

Bn jhubn qud nas atras dndmdktas cd mbcdrb qud oakstjtuydkukb vjvjdkcb, nb tdludnb cdid sdr cd mbcdrb sdob, oak ukparodktbld cd eumdcbc sdhük nb zakb cakcd vb b sdr jkstbnbcb. Cd dstb farmb, sd dvjtbk rblbcurbs y/a bnbidaspar tdksjakds jktdrkbs, cdijca b su oakcjojÿk cd sdr mbtdrjbn ejhrasoÿpjoa.

Fjhurb 28 ‟ 6< Cdfarmbojakds cd nb mbcdrb pracuota cdvbrjbojakds cd eumdcbc.

28.9.9 Farmbs cd nbs tdludnbs

Nb farmb cd nb tdludnb tjdkd qud vdr sÿna oak dn bspdotacdoarbtjva, oaksjcdrbkca macdnas rdotbkhunbrds b nasoubnds sd nds rdbnjzb dn oartd cdoarbtjva dk dn dxtrdmavjsjind. Dstd dxtrdma pudcd tdkdr farmb oubcrbcb,cjbhakbn, oÿkobvb, bhuzbcb y rdcakcdbcb, dktrd atrbs.Tkb vdktblb cd qud dn dxtrdma vjsjind tdkhb oartds, dsqud byucb b dvjtbr dn bnbida a tarodcurb cdn dxtrdma.

Fjhurb 28-8< Bnhukbs farmbs qud pudcdk tdkdr nbs tdludnbs.

28.9.? Dnbiarbojÿk cd nb tdludnbDxjstdk trds mêtacas pbrb nb dnbiarbojÿk cd tdludnbs cdmbcdrb<

• Brtdsbkbn

• Bsdrrbca

• Jkcustrjbn

Nas sjstdmbs mâs utjnjzbcas dk kudstra pbís sak dn brtdsbkbny bsdrrbca.

• Brtdsbkbn< praodsa mbkubn qud rblb nb mbcdrb dk dn

sdktjca cd su fjirb mdcjbktd uk eboeb, aitdkjdkca,nudha ukb tdludnb cd supdrfjojd jrrdhunbr. Dstbjrrdhunbrjcbc fbojnjtb dn dsourrjmjdkta cd nbs bhubs.

Fjhurb 28 - 5 < Sdludnb brtdsbkbn.

• Bsdrrbcb


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• Jkcustrjbn


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Bn utjnjzbr oama rdouirjmjdkta nb tdludnb cd mbcdrb, nbtdoeumird cdid tdkdr ukb pdkcjdktd míkjmb cd 94% b??% pbrb dvboubr nbs bhubs sjk qud sd pracuzobkjkfjntrbojakds, y dk obsa cd kjdvd, pbrb qud êstb ka sdboumund dk hrbkcds obktjcbcds. _d cdid oaksjcdrbr qudnb pdkcjdktd, ukb vdz oanaobcb nb tdludnb, ds mdkar b nb

qud dktrdhb nb dstruoturb cd tdoeumird, cdijca bn dspdsar cd nb tdludnb.

Fjhurb 28 ‟ 23


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28.9.4.9.2 Ibsd cd tbindra dstruoturbnDn sjstdmb cd oakstruoojÿk oak tbindras dstruoturbnds(tbindras oaktrboebpbcas fdkÿnjoas a cd edirbs arjdktbcbs),cdsorjta dk dn Obpítuna JJ, Tkjcbc 6, sd rdoamjdkcb dkzakbs sísmjobs a cakcd nb tdoeumird sd vd samdtjcb bhrbkcds dsfudrzas, pracuota cd obrhbs cd vjdkta y/a kjdvd.

Fjhurb 28-28 B< Vjvjdkcb oak tbindras oaktrboebpbcas fdkÿnjoas dk nb tdoeumird y cd edirbs arjdktbcbs dk muras.

Fjhurb 28-28 I< _aird dn tbindra dstruoturbn sd jkstbnb nb ibrrdrbcd eumdcbc (fjdntra) y saird êstd nb sanuojÿk cd rdvdstjmjdkta.

28.9.4.9.9 Ibsd oastbkdrbsDn utjnjzbr oastbkdrbs jmpnjob fjlbr pjdzbs cd mbcdrb,hdkdrbnmdktd cd 9” x 3” b nb dstruoturb cd tdoeumird,saird nbs oubnds sd onbvbrâk nbs tdludnbs. Dstb sanuojÿkrdqujdrd, cakcd jrâ nb ibrrdrb cd eumdcbc cdsorjtb dk dnpukta 28.9.4.2, oanaobr b tapd nbs tdludnbs cdscd dn iarcdcdn bndra, dktrd bn mdkas ?00 mm y 600 mm, pbsbca dn

Nb Oakstruoojÿk cd Vjvjdkcbs dk MbcdrbJKB 326

nbca jktdrjar cdn tbijqud pdrjmdtrbn. Dstb cjstbkojb dstâsupdcjtbcb b qud nb dxtdksjÿk cd oastbkdrbs b tapd cdidsdr jhubn b uk müntjpna cd \d (mdcjcb sjhujdkca nbpdkcjdktd cd nb tdoeumird).

Fjhurb 28-25< Oartd qud mudstrb nbs zakbs y cjstbkojbs míkjmbs cd nb tdoeumird b pratdhdr cd nb eumdcbc.

B maca cd dldmpna, sj par cjsdòa sd dstbindod qud<

• _d utjnjzbrâ ukb tdludnb cd nbrha 600 mm

• Dn bndra tdkcrâ ukb praydoojÿk cd 300 mm

• Nb pdkcjdktd cd nb tdoeumird sdrâ cd ?0%

y, oaksjcdrbkca nbs rdstrjoojakds cd míkjma ?00 mmpbsbca dn nbca jktdrjar cdn tbijqud pdrjmdtrbn, sd tjdkdqud<

Nb zakb dxpudstb cd nb tdludnb sdrâ<

(600 ‟ 40) / ? = 25? mm

Dn bkoea cd nb zakb oak oastbkdrbs b tapd sd aitjdkdbpnjobkca Pjtâharbs (∜(9309+5009)= 5?4,?)

5?4,? / 25? = 3,46 vdods k = 44 (k) x 25? (\d) = :24 mm

Sbindras dstruoturbnds oaktrboebpbcasqud brrjastrbk nb tdoeumird y rdojidk nb

ibrrdrb cd eumdcbc Muras oak tbindras cdedirbs arjdktbcbs

Fjdntra

Vdktjnbojÿktdoeumird

\akb oak oastbkdrbsb tapd, míkjma ?0om

Sdludnb sairdsbnd3om oama oartbhatdrb

Cjstbkojb jhubn b ukmüntjpna cd \d

Nbca jktdrjar cdn tbijqudpdrjmdtrbn

Ydvdstjmjdkta cdouijdrtb

Sbindra dstruoturbn


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Fjhurb 28-2:


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28-92 I< Oanaobojÿk cd fjlbojakds dk ouijdrtb cd mbcdrb.

28.9.4.3 _doudkojb cd jkstbnbojÿk cd nbs tdludnbsPbrb nb jkstbnbojÿk cd nbs tdlbs cd mbcdrb, sd cdid tdkdr prdsdktd<

Nbs tdlbs b utjnjzbr sak tacbs cdn mjsma tbmbòa, sbnva<

• Nbs cd nb prjmdrb oarrjcb pbrb mbktdkdr nb pdkcjdktd

cd nb tdoeumird. Dstbs cdidk sdr cd uk nbrha jhubnb 2/? cdn nbrha cd ukb tdludnb karmbn, mâs 40 mm.

Fjhurb 28 - 99< Pbrb nb oanaobojÿk cd nb prjmdrb oarrjcb cdtdludnbs sd rdoamjdkcb mbrobr dn fjdntra pbrb qud êstb qudcdbnjkdbcb.

• Nbs cd nb sdhukcb oarrjcb, qud cdidk sdr cd uk nbrhajhubn b 9/? cdn nbrha karmbn cd nb tdlb, mâs 40 mm.

Fjhurb 28-9?


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• Sbkta dk dn iarcd cdn bndra, oama dk nas oastbcascd nb tdoeumird, nbs tdlbs cdidk sairdsbnjr bn mdkas30 mm oama oartb hatdrb, pbrb dvjtbr qud dn bhubsd cdvudnvb ebojb nb tdoeumird d jkhrdsd b nb vjvjdkcb.

Fjhurb 28-96


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Nbs sjhujdktds oarrjcbs cdidk sdr oanaobcbs oaksjcdrbkcanbs jkcjobojakds cbcbs bn jkjoja cd dstd pukta, oaktranbkcaqud qudcdk bnjkdbcbs dk farmb ukjfarmd d jktdrobnbkcauk fjdntra cd 24 nis, dktrd oarrjcbs.

Fjhurb 28-?0


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Fjhurb 28- ?4B


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Fjhurb 28 - ?6


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IJINJAHYBFJB

- Bmdrjobk Pnywaac Bssaojbtjak, „Xaac YdfdrdkodEbkciaag”, Obkbcjbk Xaac Oaukojn, Obkbcâ, 2:56.

- Irbkz, „Eausd Iujncjkh Hujcd”, Kudvb \dnbkcb, 2::5.

- Obkbcâ Marthbhd bkc Eausjkh Oarparbtjak, OMEO,„Mbkubn cd Oakstruoojÿk cd Vjvjdkcbs oak Brmbcurb cdMbcdrb ‟ Obkbcâ”, Puinjobca par OMEO, Obkbcâ, 2::5.

- Obkbcâ Marthbhd bkc Eausjkh Oarparbtjak, OMEO,„Xaacfrbmd Dkvdnapds jk ted Oabstbn Onjmbtd af IrjtjseOanumijb”, Puinjobca par OMEO, Obkbcâ, 9002.

- Harjkh, N.L7 Fjao, NOH, „Fjrst-Fjxjkh Obrpdktry Mbkubn”,Nakhmbk Hraup Njmjtdc, Jkhnbtdrrb, 2:5?.

- Huzmâk, D7 „Oursa Dndmdktbn cd Dcjfjobojÿk”, 9° Dcjojÿk,Puinjobojÿk cd nb Fbountbc cd Brqujtdoturb y Tribkjsma cdnb Tkjvdrsjcbc cd Oejnd, _bktjbha, Oejnd, 2::0.

- Ebkaka, M7 „Oakstruoojÿk dk Mbcdrb”, OJMB PracuoojakdsHrâfjobs y Dcjtarjbnds, Yía Kdhra, Brhdktjkb, 9002.

- Eddkd, B7 _oemjtt, E, „Srbtbca cd Oakstruoojÿk”, 8° DcjojÿkBmpnjbcb, Dcjtarjbn Hustbva Hjnj _.B, Ibrodnakb, Dspbòb, 2::5.

- Ljmêkdz, F7 Vjhkatd, _, „Sdokanahíb cd nb Mbcdrb”, 9°Dcjojÿk, Mjkjstdrja cd Bhrjounturb, Pdsob y Bnjmdktbojÿk,_dordtbríb Hdkdrbn Sêokjob Odktra cd Puinjobojakds, Mbcrjc,Dspbòb, 9000.

- Ndwjs, H7 Vaht, F, „Obrpdktry”, ?° Dcjojÿk, Cdnmbr SeamsakNdbrkjkh, Jko., Kudvb Zarg, DD.TT., 9002.

- Mjnnbr, L7 „Obsbs cd Mbcdrb”, 2° Dcjojÿk, Dcjtarjbn Inumd,Ibrodnakb, Dspbòb, 2::5.

- Kdufdrt, D7 „Brtd cd Praydotbr dk Brqujtdoturb”, 23° Dcjojÿk,Dcjtarjbn Hustbva Hjnj _.B, Ibrodnakb, Dspbòb, 2::5.

- Prjmjbka, L7 „Oursa Prâotjoa cd Dcjfjobojÿk oak Mbcdrb”,Dcjtarjbn Oakstruoojakds _ucbmdrjobkbs, Iudkas Bjrds,Brhdktjkb, 2::5.

- Ydbcdr³s Cjhdst, „Kdw Oampndtd ca-jt yaursdnf Mbkubn”,Obkbcâ, 2::2.

- _pdkod, X7 „Ydsjcdkojbn Frbmjkh”, _tdrnjkh PuinjsejkhOampbky, Jko., Kudvb Zarg, DD.TT., 2::?.

- _bdnzdr, H7 „Sdludnbs dk ouijdrtbs y dk pbrbmdktasvdrtjobnds„, „Oubcdrka K¼9, Tkjvdrsjcbc cdn Iía-Iía, Dcjtbcapar Tkjvdrsjcbc cdn Iía-Iía, Oakodpojÿk, Oejnd , 2:58.

- _tukha, K7 „Brqujtdoturb dk Mbcdrb”, Dcjtarjbn Kbturbrt _.BInumd, Ibrodnakb, Dspbòb, 2:::.

- Sebnnak, Y7 „Hrbpejo Hujcd ta Frbmd Oakstruotjak Cdtbjnsfar Iujncdr bkc Cdsjhkdrs”, Sed Sbuktak Prdss, Obkbcâ,2::2.

- Vjnnbsusa, I7 „Nb Mbcdrb dk nb Brqujtdoturb”, Dcjtarjbn DnBtdkda Pdcra Hbroíb _.B, Iudkas Bjrds, Brhdktjkb, 2::8.

- Xbhkdr, L7 „Eausd Frbmjkh”, Ordbtjvd Eamdawkdr, KudvbLdrsdy, DD.TT., 2::5.

- www.ojtw.arh (Obkbcjbk Jkstjtutd af Srdbtdc Xaac).

- www.ordbtjvdeamdawkdr.oam (Sed njfd stynd puinjsedr far eamd bkc hbrcdk).

- www.curbind-waac.oam (Xaac Curbijnjty Xdi _jtd).

- www.farjktdg.ob (Farjktdg Obkbcb Oarp.).

- www.fpn.fs.fdc.us (Fardst Pracuots Nbiarbtary T._. Cdpbrt-mdkt af Bhrjounturd Fardst _drvjod).

- www.jkk.on (Jkstjtuta Kbojakbn cd Karmbnjzbojÿk).

- www.pdstwarnc.arh (Kbtjakbn Pdst Mbkbhdmdkt Bssaojbtjak).

- www.prdsdrvdcwaac.oam (Bmdrjobk Xaac Prdsdrvdrs Jkstjtutd).

- KOe 28? Af.83 Mbcdrb ‟Sdrmjkanahíb Hdkdrbn.

- KOe 85:/2 Af.58 Mbcdrbs ‟ Pbrtd 2< Onbsjfjobojÿk cdmbcdrbs oamdrojbnds par su curbijnjcbc kbturbn.

- KOe 2:5: Af.56 Mac.2:55 Mbcdrb ‟ Bhrupbmjdkta cddspdojds mbcdrdrbs sdhük su rdsjstdkojb. Praodcjmjdkta.

- KOe 9593 o.9009 Mbcdrbs ‟ Pjka rbcjbtb ‟ Tkjcbcds,cjmdksjakds y tandrbkojbs.

- KOe 9593 Af 900? Mbcdrb ‟ Pjka rbcjbtb ‟ Tkjcbcds ,cjmdksjakds y tandrbkojbs.



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Tkjcbc 25

YDVD_SJMJDKSA_ DK MBCDYB

PBYB PBYBMDKSA_ DUSDYJAYD_

O A Y P A Y B O J

A K O EJND K B C D

N B M

B C D Y B

O E J N D P BJ _ F A Y D

_ S B N


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TKJCBC 25


25.2 HDKDYBNJCBCD_

Dn tjpa cd tdrmjkbojÿk dxtdrjar, cbca par dn cjsdòabrqujtdotÿkjoa, ds na mâs vjsjind qud prdsdktb ukbvjvjdkcb. Cdijca b qud dn dxtdrjar ds tbk pramjkdktd,sd vudnvd jkcjspdksbind dndhjr dn rdvdstjmjdkta boarcdoak dn praydota y sdr bouojasa tbkta dk dn oaktranhdamêtrjoa cd nb ibsd saird nb oubn jrâ, oama dk nb

jkstbnbojÿk cdn mjsma.

Dn rdvdstjmjdkta oumpnd bcdmâs oak nb fukojÿk cdpratdhdr nb dstruoturb cd nb vjvjdkcb, sjdkca nb oakcjojÿkprjmarcjbn, tbkta pbrb dn cjsdòa oama pbrb dn mbtdrjbn,jmpdcjr dn jkhrdsa cd eumdcbc b nb dstruoturb y bnjktdrjar cd nb vjvjdkcb y pdrmjtjr dn fâojn dsourrjmjdktacd bhub.

Fjhurb 25-2< Pbrbmdktas oak rdvdstjmjdkta cd tbinbs, nbs qudcbrâk dn bspdota cdfjkjtjva b nb vjvjdkcb.

Dxjstd ukb muntjpnjojcbc cd mbtdrjbnds oak nas qudpudcdk sdr fbirjobcas nas rdvdstjmjdktas pbrb vjvjdkcbs,sjdkca nas mâs dspdojfjobcas<

• Mbcdrb• Fjira-odmdkta• Vjkí njoa• Odrâmjoas• Martdra odmdkta• Bodra

Fjhurb 25-9


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• Oasta cdn rdvdstjmjdkta• Sjdmpa cd jkstbnbojÿk• Mbktdkjmjdkta rdoamdkcbca par dn fbirjobktd

Oak rdspdota bn sdktjca cd jkstbnbojÿk, nb mbyaríb cdnas rdvdstjmjdktas pudcdk sdr jkstbnbcas dk farmb

earjzaktbn, vdrtjobn a dk atrb cjrdoojÿk, pdrmjtjdkcaaitdkdr vbrjbcas cjsdòas.

25.9 PYDPBYBOJßK CD NB IB_D

Dn pnbka hdkdrbca par nas pjd cdrdoea oama nb ibsdsaird nb oubn sd cjspakcrâ dn rdvdstjmjdkta, tbindraoaktrboebpbca a cd edirbs arjdktbcbs, cdid sdr oaktranbca hdamêtrjobmdktd.

Nas pnbkas b rdvdstjr cdidk oarrdspakcdr b fjhurbshdamêtrjobs qud ka bousdk cdfarmbojakds b sjmpndvjstb par cdsbkhunbojakds, fbntb cd pbrbndnjsma,

vdrtjobnjcbc u earjzaktbnjcbc, bn jhubn qud nb hdamdtríbdk vbkas cd pudrtbs y vdktbkbs.

Pbrb dvjtbr dsas praindmbs ds oakvdkjdktd dfdotubr nasoaktrands qud dstjpunb dn pnbk cd hdstjÿk cd obnjcbc, ybqud sj nas drrards sd cdtdotbk tbrcíbmdktd, sd cdidiusobr nb sanuojÿk oak uk rdvdstjmjdkta qud ka bousdcjoea cdspdrfdota.

Fjhurb 25-?


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Sjkhnbca< farmb cd jkstbnbr nbs mancurbs, maktbkca nbpjdzb supdrjar saird nb jkfdrjar dktrd 9 b 9,4 om dkfarmb earjzaktbn, oama sd aisdrvb dk nb fjhurb.

Fjhurb 25 - 6< Ydvdstjmjdkta tjkhnbca.

Srbsnbpbca


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Fjhurb 25 - :< Ydvdstjmjdktas utjnjzbcas oama rdvdstjmjdkta y brrjastrbmjdkta (B) y sÿna oama rdvdstjmjdkta, dn oubn vb sairduk tbindra dstruoturbn (I).

25.?.9 Ydvdstjmjdktas oak tbindras cd mbcdrbNas rdvdstjmjdktas oak tbindras (oaktrboebpbca fdkÿnjoaa cd edirbs arjdktbcbs) pudcdk oumpnjr ukb caindfukojÿk sj dstas, bcdmâs, sak dstruoturbnds, oama rjastrbpbrb tbijquds sapartbktds pdrjmdtrbnds.

Nas tbindras cbk nb apojÿk cd vbrjbcbs tdrmjkbojakds

dx-tdrjards dk oubkta b tbmbòa, tdxturb cd nb supdrfjojdy cj-sdòa, sjdkca mâs oamukds nbs tdrmjkbojakds quddmunbk mancurbs cd pjdzbs sÿnjcbs oama tjkhnbca.

Fjhurb 25 - 20


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25.3 OAK_JCDYBOJAKD_ DK NB OANAOBOJßK

Prdvja bn jkjoja cd nb oanaobojÿk cdn rdvdstjmjdkta sdcdid oaktbr oak nas cdtbnnds cd dkoudktra cd êstd oaknb fukcbojÿk, dsqujkbs y iarcds.

25.3.2 Dkoudktra oak nb fukcbojÿkHdkdrbnmdktd sd dspdojfjob dk dn pnbka cd cdtbnnds quddn rdvdstjmjdkta qudcd 40 mm pbsbca dn dkoudktradktrd dn sairdojmjdkta a frjsa y nb sandrb cd maktbld asandrb jkfdrjar, dk cjrdoojÿk b nb fukcbojÿk.

Bcjojakbnmdktd, sd cdid oanaobr uk oartb hatdrb qudnndhud ebstb dn iarcd cdn rdvdstjmjdkta, sairdsbnjdkcauk pbr cd odktímdtras ebojb dn dxtdrjar. Dsta dvjtbrâ quddn bhub dsourrb par nb fukcbojÿk a sd fjntrd ebojb dnjktdrjar cd nb vjvjdkcb.

Bsjmjsma, ds jmpartbktd oaksjcdrbr qud nb cjstbkojb

dktrd dn iarcd jkfdrjar cdn rdvdstjmjdkta y dn kjvdn cdntdrrdka kbturbn sdb bn mdkas ?0 om pbrb vjvjdkcbspravjstbs cd obkbndtbs cd bhubs nnuvjbs y 40 om pbrbnbs qud ka tdkhbk. Cd dstb farmb, sd dvjtb qud dn bhubeumdcdzob nb zakb jkfdrjar cd nas rdvdstjmjdktas bnrdiatbr dk dn sudna.

Fjhurb 25 -22b


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• Oanaobkca uk oartb hatdrb cd fjdrra hbnvbkjzbca oak pdkcjdktd ebojb dn dxtdrjar dktrd nas cas rdvdstjmjdktas.Dn dkoudktra oak dn rdvdstjmjdkta cdn kjvdn supdrjar cdid sdr sdnnbca pbrb dvjtbr dn jkhrdsa cd eumdcbc.

Nb Oakstruoojÿk cd Vjvjdkcbs dk MbcdrbJKB 3?9

Oartbhatdrb cd bodrahbnvbkjzbca

Ydvdstjmjdkta 9°

pjsa

Njstÿk pbrb fjlbr dnrdvdstjmjdkta bn oubn sd

fjlb nb oartbhatdrb

Njstakds cd 2” x 9” obcb 0,6 m

mâxjma pb rb fjlbr dn rdvdstjmjdkta

Sboas cd m bcdrb cd 9” x 9” obcb ?0 om, saird nas oubndssd fjlbk nas njstakds qud rdojijrâk dn rdvdstjmjdkta vd rtjobn

Oartbhatdrb cd bodra

hbnvbkjzbca

Oartd cakcd sd bprdojb dn dkoudk tra dktrd nasrdvdstjmjdktas cd prjmdr pjsa oak dn sdhukca

Dspboja pbrbvdktjnbojÿk cdn

tbijqud

Ydvdstjmjdktadxtdrjar 9° pjsa

Ydvdstjmjdktadxtdrjar 2dr pjsa

Sboas cd mbcdrb pbrbhdkdrbr dspboja cd

vdktjnbojÿk

\akb b sdnnbr

Vjstb d k pdrspd otjvb c dn mu ra dxtd rjar oak dn rdvdst jmjdktatdrmjkbca y dn oartbhatdrb jkstbnbca

Pjd cdrdoea

Sbindra dstruoturbn

_andrb jkfdrjar

Frjsa

_andrb cdbmbrrd

Ibrrdrb cd eumdcbc

Sboas cd 2”x 9”

Ydvdstjmjdkta c dn9¼ pjsa

Ydvdstjmjdktacdn 2¼ pjsa

_andrb supdrjar

Pjd cdrdoea

Ibrrdrb cd eumdcbc fjdntracd 24 njirbs

Ibrrdrb cdeumdcbc

Njstÿk cd 2” x 9”

Sbindra dstruoturbn

Pjd cdrdoea

_andrb supdrjar

_andrb cd bmbrrd

Frjsa

Fjhurb 25 - 29< Cdtbnnds cd sanuojÿk oakstruotjvb pbrb dn dkoudktra cd nas rdvdstjmjdktas dktrd cas kjvdnds oak oartbhatdrb, dk tbijqud vdktjnbca.


23/89

• Cdspnbzbkca nas tbijquds pdrjmdtrbnds cdn sdhukca pjsa uk pbr cd odktímdtras ebojb dn dxtdrjar, rdspdota cdnb pnbtbfarmb cdn sdhukca pjsa. Nb fjkbnjcbc ds qud dn rdvdstjmjdkta cdn sdhukca pjsa qudcd par saird dnrdvdstjmjdkta cdn prjmdra, pratdhjdkca dn dkoudktra d jmpjcjdkca dn jkhrdsa cd nb eumdcbc b nb vjvjdkcb.

25.3.? Dkoudktra oak dn bndraDn rdouirjmjdkta cdid tdrmjkbr, yb sdb ibla ukb pjdzbcd btrbqud cd tdrmjkbojÿk oak dspdsar oakaojca a btapd oak dn bndra, dk ouya obsa ds rdoamdkcbind oanaobr ukb oarkjsb pbrb ouirjr dn dkoudktra.


Cdsfbsd cdsandrb jkfdrjar

Ydvdstjmjdktacdn 9ca pjsa

Ydvdstjmjdkta tjkhnbcacdn 2dr pjsa

Sbindra d struoturbncd nb pnbtbfarmb

Fjhurb 25 -2?< Cdtbnnd cd sanuojÿk oakstruotjvb pbrb dn dkoudktra cdn rdvdstjmjdkta dktrd cas kjvdnds, cdsfbsbkca nb sandrb jkfdrjar cdnas tbijquds pdrjmdtrbnds cdn sdhukca pjsa. Oartd y vjstb dk pdrspdotjvb cdn mura dxtdrjar oak dn rdvdstjmjdkta jkstbnbca.

Ydvdstjmjdkta

Oarkjsb

Ibrrdrb cd eumdcbc

Vdk tjnbo jÿk cdnb tdoeumird

oak odnasíb.

Obkbndtb bhubs nnuvjbs

Fjhurb 25 -23


24/89

Pratdoojÿk mdtânjob cdfjdrra hbnvbkjzbca oak

âkhuna cd :0°

25.3.3 Dk oudktras cd mura sPbrb sanuojakbr nas dkoudktras cd muras, sd cdidoakaodr cd bktdmbka sj dn rdvdstjmjdkta vb cjspudstadk farmb earjzaktbn a vdrtjobn, yb qud dxjstdk vbrjbsapojakds pbrb pratdhdr cjoeas dkoudktras, sdhük sdbkdstas oÿkobvas a oakvdxas<

b) Pbrb rdvdstjmjdktas cjspudstas dk sdktjca earjzaktbn

• _j dn rdouirjmjdkta dstâ pudsta dk farmb earjzaktbn,sd pudcd rdbnjzbr uk oartd dk 34° b obcb dndmdktacdn dkoudktra.

Fjhurb 25 - 26


25/89

Oartd dk pnbktb, cdstboâkcasd

dn pdqudòa oartd qud sd

suhjdrd rdbnjzbr b uka cd nas

njstakds, pbrb bsdhurbr qud

qudcd b tapd dk taca su nbrha

Njstakds

_aird - bkoea cdn njstÿk


• Pbrb bsdhurbr qud nas njstakds qudcdk b tapd dktaca su nbrha, sd rdoamjdkcb rdbnjzbr uk oartd oamajkcjob nb Fjhurb 25 - 90.

Fjhurb 25 - 90


26/89

Nb Oakstruoojÿk cd Vjvjdkcbs dk MbcdrbJKB 3?6

Fjhurb 25 - 9?


27/89


Pbrb oartds prdojsas sd pudcd utjnjzbr ukb pjdzb cdmbcdrb huíb, oama sd aisdrvb dk nb Fjhurb 25-98, nboubn pdrmjtjrâ trbzbr nb níkdb cd oartd dk farmb oÿmacby sdhurb.

Fjhurb 25 - 98


28/89

Nb jkstbnbojÿk cdn rdvdstjmjdkta dk farmb vdrtjobn jmpnjoboanaobr obcdkdtbs obcb 300 mm dktrd nas pjd cdrdoea,cd farmb cd oaktbr oak ukb supdrfjojd cakcd fjlbr obcbmancurb.

Fjhurb 25 - ?0< Obcdkdtbs bcjojakbnds saird nbs qud sd fjlbrâ dn rdvdstjmjdkta.

b) Mboejedmirbca_d cdid rdiblbr dn iarcd bobkbnbca cdn rdvdstjmjdktaqud sd usb oama pjdzb cd jkjoja, cd farmb qud qudcdsjk nb bobkbnbcurb y rdbnjzbr uk pdqudòa cdsibstd dkdstd dxtrdma par nb pbrtd pastdrjar cd nb tbinb, oamasd mudstrb dk nb Fjhurb 25 - 90, pbrb aitdkdr uk obnoddxbota dktrd nbs pjdzbs qud nndhbk b nb dsqujkb.

_d cdid jkstbnbr nb prjmdrb mancurb dk nb dsqujkb,sairdsbnjdkca cdn mura ukb cjstbkojb jhubn bn dspdsar cd nb mancurb (Fjhurb 25 ‟ ?2). _d cdid oaksjcdrbr,jhubn oama dk atras obsas, qud dn rdvdstjmjdkta qudcd

b na mdkas 40 mm ibla dn kjvdn cd nb sandrb jkfdrjar,b fjk cd pratdhdr dn dkoudktra dktrd sandrb y pnbtbfarmb.

_d cdid oaktranbr dn pnama cd nb prjmdrb tbinb qudsdrvjrâ cd huíb pbrb dn rdsta.

Par dn iarcd cdn rdvdstjmjdkta qud ka eb sjca rdiblbca(nbca oak nb pdstbòb), sd oanaob uk onbva cd farmbainjoub, dn oubn qudcbrâ ojdha a pdrcjca bn oanaobr nb

sjhujdktd tbinb.

Dk dn atra dxtrdma sd oanaob ukb tbinb cd mbkdrbtdmparbn, mbktdkjdkca dn kjvdn cd nb prjmdrb, pbrb naoubn sd trbzb ukb níkdb huíb dk nb pbrtd iblb cdn mura,nb qud cbrâ dn kjvdn pbrb nb oanaobojÿk cdn rdsta cd nbstbinbs cd rdvdstjmjdkta, nbs qud sd fjlbk oak nas onbvasobcb 300 mm, pudstas dk farmb ainjoub, par dn nbcacakcd dstâ nb pdstbòb cdn mboejmird.

Fjhurb 25 - ?9


29/89

Eby qud dvjtbr nbs luktbs earjzaktbnds. Dk obsa cd sdr kdodsbrja su usa, sd cdidk rdbnjzbr nas oartds a rdibldsqud mudstrbk nbs fjhurbs, pratdhjdkca cdn jkhrdsa cdeumdcbc dn jktdrjar cd nb vjvjdkcb.

Fjhurb 25 - ?3


30/89

Fjhurb 25 - ?8


31/89


Sboas qud hdkdrbknb oâmbrb cd bjrd

Fjdntra cd 24 nis

Njstakds b nas qud sd fjlbrâ dn rdvdstjmjdktacjspudsta dk farmb vdrtjobn

Ydvdstjmjdkta oakfarmbca par mancurbs

Sboas qud hdkdrbk nboâmbrb cd bjrd

Njstakds b nas qud sd fjlbrâ dnrdvdstjmjdkta

Ibrrdrb cd eumdcbc

_andrb jkfdrjar Sbindra dstruoturbnpnbtbfarmb

Vjhb frj sa _andrb cdbkonbld

trbtbcb oakOOB

Ibrrdrb cdeumdcbc

_airdojmjdkta

Oartbhatdrb

Pjdzb jkjojbn cdbpaya

Mancurbs

Dk dsbs sjtubojakds, ds rdoamdkcbind oaksjcdrbr uk dspbojatrbs dn rdvdstjmjdkta qud pdrmjtb nb vdktjnbojÿkcd dsb zakb, aitdkjêkcasd vdktblbs oama<

• Dvjtbr qud sj fbnnb nb ibrrdrb cd vbpar d jkhrdsbeumdcbc bn tbijqud, êstb ka qudcd btrbpbcb dk ên

a dk nb trbsobrb cdn rdvdstjmjdkta.

• Ds pasjind dnjmjkbr nb eumdcbc qud nndhb ebstb dstddspboja, par nb rdkavbojÿk cd bjrd qud sd pracuoddk nb zakb.

• Jmpdcjr dn jkhrdsa cd bhub par nbs rbkurbs oubkcaeby vjdkta, cdijca b nb prdsjÿk btmasfêrjob dk bmibsobrbs cdn rdvdstjmjdkta.

Dstd dspboja vdktjnbca cdid tdkdr uk dspdsar míkjma cd90 mm njirds, na qud sd aitjdkd oak tboas a njstakds cdmbcdrb qud sd fjlbk b nb dstruoturb cdn tbijqud, cjstbkojbcas

dktrd 0,?0m y 0,60m. _u cjspasjojÿk ds dk sdktjcapdrpdkcjounbr bn rdvdstjmjdkta. B dstas tboas a njstakdssd fjlbrâ dn rdvdstjmjdkta.

Dstb oâmbrb cdid pdrmjtjr nb ojrounbojÿk cdn bjrd, pbrb naoubn dk dn cjsdòa sd tjdkdk qud oaksjcdrbr vdktjnbojakdsdk nb pbrtd supdrjar d jkfdrjar cdn tbijqud pdrjmdtrbn, nbsqud cdidk sdr ouijdrtbs oak rdljnnbs pbrb dvjtbr dn jkhrdsacd jksdotas a radcards b dstb zakb.

Fjhurb 25 - 30


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Oarrdotb oanaobojÿkcd nb fjlbojÿk

Jkoarrdotb oanaobojÿk cd nbfjlbojÿk, qudcÿ rdeuk cjcb

Mancurb

Obcdkdtbs kdodsbrjbspbrb nb oanaobojÿk cdrdvdstjmjdkta dk farmbvdrtjobn

Ydvdstjmjdkta cjspudstadk sdktjca vdrtjobn

300 mm

Ydvdstjmjdkta cjspudstadk sdktjca earjzaktbn

Obcdkdtbs oartbfudha

Pjd cdrdoea cdtbijqud pdrjmdtrbn

Fjdntra caindoama ibrrdrb cd

eumdcbc

25.4.3 Fjlbojÿk cd nas rdvdstjm jdktas_d cdidk utjnjzbr onbvas a tarkjnnas pratdhjcas oaktrb nboarrasjÿk, sdhük dspdojfjobojakds têokjobs, oujcbkca cdka rdeukcjrnas kj cd hdkdrbr hrjdtbs dk nb mancurb, dsta,pbrb dvjtbr tbkta dn jkhrdsa cd nb eumdcbc b zakbs kapratdhjcbs a ka trbtbcbs cd nb mancurb, oama pbrb qud

nb pdníounb pratdotarb cd ibrkjz a pjkturb ka sdb cbòbcb.

Fjhurb 25 - 3?


33/89


Fjhurb 25 - 35< Fjlbojakds pbrb rdvdstjmjdktas cjspudstas dksdktjca vdrtjobn (oartd nbtdrbn).

Nas tbindras sd fjlbk sjhujdkca dn pbtrÿk cd uk tbindradstruoturbn (Obpjtuna JJ, Tkjcbc K° 20, Dktrbmbcasvdrtjobnds).

B oaktjkubojÿk, sd mudstrbk cjst jktas t jpas cdrdvdstjmjdktas oak nb prapasjojÿk pbrb nb uijobojÿk cd nbs

fjlbojakds.

Fjhurb 25 - 38


34/89


IJINJAHYBFJB



- Obkbcb Marthbhd bkc Eausjkh Oarparbtjak, OMEO,„Xaacfrbmd Dkvdnapds jk ted Oabstbn Onjmbtd af IrjtjseOanumijb”, Puinjobca par OMEO, Obkbcâ, 9002.

- Obkbcb Marthbhd bkc Eausjkh Oarparbtjak, OMEO,„Mbkubn cd Oakstruoojÿk cd Vjvjdkcbs oak Brmbcurb cdMbcdrb ‟ Obkbcâ”, Puinjobca par OMEO, Obkbcâ, 2::5.




- Eddkd, B7 _oemjtt, E, „Srbtbca cd Oakstruoojÿk”, 8° DcjojÿkBmpnjbcb, Dcjtarjbn Hustbva Hjnj _.B, Ibrodnakb, Dspbòb,2::5.

- Edmpdn, Y7 „Ydvdstjmjdktas Dxtdrjards dk Mbcdrb”Oubcdrka K°3, Tkjvdrsjcbc cdn Iía-Iía, Dcjtarjbn ObmpusOejnnâk, Oakodpojÿk, Oejnd.



- Mjnnbr, L7 „Obsbs cd Mbcdrb”, 2° Dcjojÿk, Dcjtarjbn Inumd,

Ibrodnakb, Dspbòb, 2::5.




- _bdnzdr, H7 „Sdludnbs dk Ouijdrtbs y dk Pbrbmdktas Vdrtjobnds” Oubcdrka K°9, Tkjvdrsjcbc cdn Iía-Iía, DcjtarjbnBkíibn Pjkta _.B, Oakodpojÿk, Oejnd.


- _tukha, K7 „Brqujtdoturb dk Mbcdrb”, Dcjtarjbn Kbturbrt_.B Inumd, Ibrodnakb, Dspbòb, 2:::.


- Vjnnbsusa, I7 „Nb Mbcdrb dk nb Brqujtdoturb”, Dcjtarjbn „DnBtdkda” Pdcra Hbroíb _.B, Iudkas Bjrds, Brhdktjkb, 2::8.

- Xbhkdr, L, „Eausd Frbmjkh”, Ordbtjvd Eamdawkdr, KudvbLdrsdy, DD.TT., 2::5.





- www.pdstwarnc.arh (Kbtjakbn Pdst Mbkbhdmdkt Bssaojb-tjak).

- www.fpn.fs.fdc.us (Fardst Pracuots Nbiarbtary T._.Cdpbrtmdkt af Bhrjounturd Fardst _drvjod).


- www.prdsdrvdcwaac.oam (Bmdrjobk Xaac PrdsdrvdrsJkstjtutd).

- KOe 28? Af.83 Mbcdrb ‟ Sdrmjkanahíb Hdkdrbn.

- KOe 283 Af.54 Mbcdrbs ‟ Tkjcbcds dmpndbcbs,cjmdksjakds kamjkbnds, tandrbkojbs y dspdojfjobojakds.


35/89


- KOe 288 Af.8? Mbcdrb - Pnbkoebs cd fjirbs cd mbcdrb.Dspdojfjobojakds.

- KOe 893 Af.8: Pbkdnds b ibsd cd mbcdrb. Sbindras. Vaobiunbrja.

- KOe 860 Af.8? Mbcdrb ‟ Sbindras cd pbrtíounbs.Dspdojfjobojakds.

- KOe 85: /2 Af.58 Mbcdrbs ‟ Pbrtd 2< Onbsjfjobojÿk cdmbcdrbs oamdrojbnds par su curbijnjcbc kbturbn.

- KOe 506 Brqujtdoturb y oakstruoojÿk ‟ Pbkdndsprdfbirjobcas ‟ Onbsjfjobojÿk y rdqujsjtas.

- KOe : :? Af.89 Mbcdrb- Praodcjmjdkta y orjtdrjas cddvbnubojÿk pbrb onbsjfjobojÿk.

- KOe 2:5: Af.56 Mac.2:55 Mbcdrb ‟ Bhrupbmjdkta cddspdojds mbcdrdrbs sdhük su rdsjstdkojb. Praodcjmjdkta.

- KOe 9200 Af 900? Mbcdrb ‟ Mancurbs ‟ Cdsjhkbojÿky cjmdksjakds.

- KOe 9593 Af 900? Mbcdrbs ‟ Pjka rbcjbtb ‟ Tkjcbcds,cjmdksjakds y tandrbkojbs.


36/89

Tkjcbc 2:

_ANTOJAK CD YDVD_SJMJDKSA

CD OJDNA Z PBYBMDKSA_JKSDYJAYD_

O A Y P A Y B O J

A K O EJND K B C D

N B M

B C D Y B


_ S B N


37/89

TKJCBC 2:


2:.2 HDKDYBNJCBCD_

Pratdhjcb nb vjvjdkcb cd nas bhdktds dxtdrjards(eumdcbc, panva bmijdktbn) y fjkbnjzbcb nb airb hrudsb,nbs jkstbnbojakds y bjsnbojakds, sd dstâ dk oakcjojakdscd cbr jkjoja b nbs pbrtjcbs cd tdrmjkbojakds jktdrjards,qud oaktdmpnbk nas rdvdstjmjdktas cd ojdna y cdpbrbmdktas jktdrjards.

Fjhurb 2:-2


38/89

.

Fjhurb 2: - ?


39/89

2:.? JK_SBNBOJßK CDN YDVD_SJMJDKSA

Oaktranbcbs (oarrdhjcbs) y bodptbcbs nbs ibsds, sdpraodcd b nb jkstbnbojÿk cd nas rdvdstjmjdktas.

2:.?.2 Jkstbnbojÿk cd rdvdstjmjdktas dk ojdnasDn ojdna, cd boudrca bn cjsdòa y dspdojfjobojakds akdodsjcbcds cdn rdojkta, sd pudcd mbtdrjbn jzbr iâsjobmdktd cd trds farmbs<

2:.?.2.2 Ojdna fbnsa

Oaksjstd dk oanhbr cd nbs vjhbs cdn dktrdpjsa a tjrbktdscdn tjldrbn, uk dktrbmbca cd mbcdrb bn oubn sd fjlb dnrdvdstjmjdkta. Hdkdrbnmdktd sd dspdojfjob oubkca sdcdidk pbsbr cuotas cd hrbk cjâmdtra cd uk rdojkta batra (bnobktbrjnnbca, rdkavbcar cd bjrd, cjstrjiujcar cdeumd cbc y bjrd boakcjojakbca, dktrd atras), na qud dspasjind dk dn dspboja qud qudcb dktrd dn ojdna y nbdstruoturb. Dk dstd obsa sd cdid prdvdr qud nb bnturbpjsa-ojdna oumpnb oak dn míkjma dstbindojca dk nbarcdkbkzb (9,?4 m).

Fjhurb 2:-8


40/89

Fjhurb 2: - :< Sbindra cdoarbtjva-dstruoturbn oak cjfdrdktds cjsdòas cd mboejedmird qud sjmunbk mancurbs.

Nb trbsobrb cdn tbindra ds njsb y pudcd prdsdktbr pdqudòbsjmpdrfdoojakds oama hrjdtbs, kucas mudrtas obícas, kucasfudrtds, mbrobs ndvds cd praodsas, cdoanarbojÿk y mbkoebscd nb mbcdrb, na qud nd jmpjcd qudcbr b nb vjstb.

Dk nas tbindras rbkurbcas, sus iarcds pdrmjtdk ukbukjÿk nbtdrbn trbsnbpbcb, na qud pasjijnjtb mbktdkdr dn

pnbka cdn ojdna.

Fjhurb 2:-20


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2:.?.2.9.9 Mancurbs oama rdvdstjmjdkta cd ojdna dkvjhb b nb vjstb

Dk uk dktrbmbca earjzaktbn a jkonjkbca oakfarmbcapar vjhbs sdoukcbrjbs a pbrds, cjstbkojbcbs 0,30 b 0,60m, dn rdvdstjmjdkta cdn ojdna sd pudcd mbtdrjbnjzbr cd

cas farmbs<

• Fjlbkca nbs mancurbs dk farmb pdrpdkcjounbr b nbsvjhbs sdoukcbrjbs, saird dn dktrbmbca earjzaktbn(dk-trdpjsa) a dktrbmbca jkonjkbca (sanuojÿk cdtdoeum-ird oak vjhbs, tjrbktds, pbrds), oujcbkca qudnas dk-oudktras cd nbs ukjakds nakhjtucjkbnds qudcdkaountas, oama sd aisdrvb dk nb Fjhurb 2:-2?.

Fjhurb 2:-2?


42/89

Fjhurb 2:-26


43/89

Fjhurb 2:-90


44/89

Fjhurb 2: - 9?< Ydvdstjmjdkta oak tbindras oaktrboebpbcas.

• Sbindras cd fjirbs cd mbcdrb prdksbcb b bntbstdmpdrbturbs

Nas tbindras cd fjirbs cd mbcdrb prdksbcb, qudpudcdk tdkdr ukb cd sus obrbs nbqudbcbs, rdqujdrdkcd ukb supdrfjojd njsb, sdob y njmpjb pbrb suoanaobojÿk.

Fjhurb 2: - 93< Ydvdstjmjdkta oak pbkdnds cd mbcdrb prdksbcb.

Fjhurb 2:-94


45/89


2:.?.9.9 Ydvdstjmjdkta cd pbrbmdktas jktdrjardsoak mancurbs

Nb mbcdrb utjnjzbcb oama rdvdstjmjdkta, cdkamjkbcbmancurb, cdid sdr odpjnnbcb y sdob (oaktdkjca mâxjmacd eumdcbc cdn 29%), sdhük nb karmb KOe9200. Dstbs

mancurbs sak mboejedmirbcbs y tjdkdk cjstjktas pdrfjndsoama sd aisdrvb dk nb Fjhurb 2:-96.

Dn pnbk cd hdstjÿk cd obnjcbc bcdmâs cd jkonujr nasoaktrands hdamêtrjoas, cd dstbijnjcbc y cd nb bjsnbojÿkcdn tbijqud cakcd oarrdspakcb, dxjhd qud dnrdvdstjmjdkta oaksjcdrd nas dndmdktas sufjojdktds pbrbsu fjlbojÿk, cjspudstas sdhük sdb dn sdktjca qud dnpraydota dstjpund pbrb nbs mancurbs.

Fjhurb 2:-96< Dldmpna cd nbs mancurbs mboejedmirbcbs pbrbmuras qud cdfjkd nb karmb KOe9200.

_j sd dspdojfjob qud dn rdvdstjmjdkta vb dk sdktjcaearjzaktbn, sd fjlb cjrdotbmdktd b nas pjd cdrdoea qudcdidk dstbr b ukb cjstbkojb mâxjmb cd 0,6 m.

Fjhurb 2: - 98< Dndmdktas kdodsbrjas pbrb nb jkstbnbojÿk cdn rdvdstjmjdkta cd mura cjspudsta dk sdktjca earjzaktbn.

Nb oanaobojÿk cd nbs mancurbs sd cdid jkjojbr cd biblaebojb brrjib, oak dn nbca bobkbnbca cd nb mancurb ebojbbibla. Dk su fjlbojÿk sd utjnjzbk puktbs cd 22/3”, nbs qudsd oanaobk par dn nbca cd nb pdstbòb, dvjtbkca qudqudcdk b nb vjstb. _d cdid oujcbr cd ka cbòbr nb mbcdrbbn onbvbr, saird taca nb qud qudcbrâ b nb vjstb.

Fjhurb 2: - 95


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_j nbs mancurbs sd dspdojfjobk dk farmb vdrtjobn a jkonjkbcb,sd oanaobrâk obcdkdtbs dktrd nas pjd cdrdoea obcb 600mm mâxjma, oumpnjdkca oak nbs dxjhdkojbs hdamêtrjobsy dstruoturbnds.

Fjhurb 2: - 9:< Cjspasjojÿk vdrtjobn cdn rdvdstjmjdkta.

Fjhurb 2: - ?0


47/89


IJINJAHYBFJB




- Ljmêkdz, F7 Vjhkatd, _, „Sdokanahíb cd nb Mbcdrb”, 9°Dcjojÿk, Mjkjstdrja cd Bhrjounturb, Pdsob y Bnjmdktbojÿk,_dordtbríb Hdkdrbn Sêokjob Odktra cd Puinjobojakds,Mbcrjc, Dspbòb, 9000.


- Huzmâk, D7 „Oursa Dndmdktbn cd Dcjfjobojÿk”, 9° Dcjojÿk,Puinjobojÿk cd nb Fbountbc cd Brqujtdoturb y Tribkjsmacd nb Tkjvdrsjcbc cd Oejnd, _bktjbha, Oejnd, 2::0.

- Ebkaka, M7 „Oakstruoojÿk dk Mbcdrb”, OJMBPracuoojakds Hrâfjobs y Dcjtarjbnds, Yía Kdhra, Brhdktjkb,9002.

- Eddkd, B7 _oemjtt, E, „Srbtbca cd Oakstruoojÿk”, 8°Dcjojÿk Bmpnjbcb, Dcjtarjbn Hustbva Hjnj _.B, Ibrodnakb,Dspbòb, 2::5.

- Ndwjs, H7 Vaht, F, „Obrpdktry”, ?° Dcjojÿk, Cdnmbr Seamsak Ndbrkjkh, Jko., Kudvb Zarg, DD.TT., 9002.


- Kdufdrt, D7 „Brtd cd Praydotbr dk Brqujtdoturb”, 23°Dcjojÿk, Dcjtarjbn Hustbva Hjnj _.B., Ibrodnakb, Dspbòb,2::5.




- _tukha, K7 „B rqujtdoturb dk Mbcdrb”, Dcjtarjbn Kbturbrt_.B Inumd, Ibrodnakb, Dspbòb, 2:::.


- Vjnnbsusa, I7 „Nb Mbcdrb dk nb Brqujtdoturb”, Dcjtarjbn„Dn Btdkda” Pdcra Hbroíb _.B., Iudkas Bjrds, Brhdktjkb,

2::8.- Xbhkdr, L7 „Eausd Frbmjkh”, Ordbtjvd Eamdawkdr,

Kudvb Ldrsdy, DD.TT., 2::5.







- www.pdstwarnc.arh (Kbt jakbn Pdst MbkbhdmdktBssaojbtjak).




- KOe 286 Cdtdrmjkbojÿk cd eumdcbc, dkoahjmjdkta,ejkoebmjdkta y cdksjcbc cd nb mbcdrb.


- KOe 285 Af.8: Mbcdrb bsdrrbcb cd pjka jksjhkdonbsjfjobojÿk par bspdota.

- KOe 893 Af.8: Pbkdnds b ibsd cd mbcdrb. Sbindras. Vaobiunbrja.

- KOe 860 Af.8? Mbcdrb ‟ Sbindras cd pbrtíounbs.Dspdojfjobojakds.

- KOe ::9 D Af.83 Mbcdrb - Cdfdotas b oaksjcdrbr dk nbonbsjfjobojÿk, tdrmjkanahíb y mêtacas cd mdcjojÿk.

- KOe ::? Af.89 Mbcdrb- Praodcjmjdkta y orjtdrjas cddvbnubojÿk pbrb onbsjfjobojÿk.

- KOe 9200 Af 900? Mbcdrb ‟ Mancurbs ‟ Cdsjhkbojÿk ycjmdksjakds.

- KOe 9593 Af 900? Mbcdrbs ‟ Pjka rbcjbtb‟ Tkjcbcds,cjmdksjakds y tandrbkojbs.


48/89

Tkjcbc 90

YDVD_SJMJDKSA_ CD MBCDYB

OAMA _ANTOJAK CD PJ_A

O A Y P A Y B O J

A K O EJND K B C D

N B M

B C D Y B


_ S B N


49/89

Pnbtbfarmb cd earmjhÿk

Ydvdstjmjdkta cd pjsa

Ibrrdrb cd eumdcbc

B

Ibsd rdtjounbcb oakmbcdrb pjka odpjnnbcb

9”x9”

TKJCBC 90


rdqudrjmjdktas pbrb nas cjstjktas rdojktas cd nb vjvjdkcb,(rdojktas cd hrbk trâksjta oama dstbr y pbsjnnas y cdbmijdktds eümdcas oama ibòas y oaojkb, dktrd atras).Jkcdpdkcjdktdmdktd cd nbs vdktblbs dspdoífjobs qud tjdkdobcb rdvdstjmjdkta, tacas cdidk oumpnjr oak casprapjdcbcds iâsjobs< curbijnjcbc y fbojnjcbc pbrb sumbktdkojÿk.

Oama oaksjcdrbojÿk hdkdrbn, ds jmpartbktd qud dstas kasdbk jkstbnbcas ebstb qud ka dstêk oanaobcbs pudrtbs yvdktbkbs qud cbk bn dxtdrjar, y bsí dvjtbr cbòas dk dnnaspar bhub jkfjntrbcb, panva cdn mdcja dxtdrjar a par nbsbotjvjcbcds prapjbs cd nb airb. Sbmijêk ds kdodsbrja quddstêk jkstbnbcas nas bobibcas cd ojdna y cd nas pbrbmdktasjktdrjards, prdvjkjdkca qud oubnqujdr pdqudòb sbnpjobcurbpudcb mbkoebr dn rdvdstjmjdkta cd pjsa jkstbnbca.

Fjhurb 90-9< Sjpas cd rdvdstjmjdktas pbrb pjsas oak cjstjktas cjsdòas. Dk nb fjhurb, sanuojÿk cd pjsa oak mancurb mboejdmirbcb,bcedrjcb b ukb ibsd cd mbcdrb.

Dk dstb ukjcbc, sd dxpakcrâk obrbotdríst jobs ypraodcjmjdktas b sdhujr pbrb nb jkstbnbojÿk cd nasrdvdstjmjdktas cd mbcdrb. Nas atras tjpas cd rdvdstjmjdktascdidk sdr jkstbnbcas ojòêkcasd b nbs jkcjobojakds ydspdojfjobojakds qud dktrdhbk nas jkstruotjvas (fanndtas) ynas cdpbrtbmdktas têokjoas cd fbirjobktds a jmpartbcardscd nas cjfdrdktds pracuotas.

YDVD_SJMJDKSA_ CD MBCDYB

OAMA _ANTOJAK CD PJ_A

Vjhbssdoukcbrjbs

Sbindra oaktrboebpbcadstruoturbn

Ibrrdrb cd eumdcbcpbrb rdojijr earmjhÿk

hrbvjnnb

Obcdkdtbs

I

90.2 HDKDYBNJCBCD_

Nbs pnbtbfarmbs cd pjsa a cd dktrdpjsa cd ukb vjvjdkcbukjfbmjnjbr rdqujdrdk sdr rdvdstjcbs, sdbk cd earmjhÿk ambcdrb. Nb fjkbnjcbc cd dstd rdvdstjmjdkta ds dktrdhbr ukb supdrfjojd tdrmjkbcb pbrb nas cjfdrdktds rdojktas (ibòa,oaojkb, carmjtarjas) qud afrdzob uk trâksjta sdhura ypratdhdr nb ibsd qud oakfarmb nb pnbtbfarmb, bsí oama

dktrdhbr ukb tdrmjkbojÿk cdoarbtjvb bcdoubcb oakcjfdrdktds mbtdrjbnds.

Fjhurb 90-2< (B) _anuojakds cd pnbtbfarmbs cd pjsa (earmjhÿk) y (I) cd dktrdpjsa cd dstruoturb cd mbcdrb oak sanuojÿk boüstjob,supdrfjojds oak rdvdstjmjdkta cd pjsa, sdhük sdb dn obsa.

Dk dn mdrobca dxjstd ukb hrbk vbrjdcbc cd rdvdstjmjdktaspbrb pjsas oama odrâmjoas, pnâstjoas, tdljcas (cd nbkb,fjirb borínjob y atrbs), mbcdrb, dto., obcb uka oak susdspdojfjobojakds y obrbotdrístjobs, sdhük sdbk nas


50/89

90.9 PYDPBYBOJßK CD NB IB_DNb supdrfjojd saird nb qud sd jkstbnbrâ dn rdvdstjmjdkta cdmbcdrb cdid oumpnjr oak nbs oakcjojakds cd hdamdtríby prdpbrbojÿk qud sd dstbindodk dk nas pnbkas ydspdojfjobojakds cdn praydota.

Nas rdqudrjmjdktas cd nb supdrfjojd ibsd cdpdkcdk cdntjpa cd pnbtbfarmb, sdhük sj êstb ds<

• Earmjhÿk• Mbcdrb

Oubnqujdrb sdb nb farmb a dn tjpa cd pjsa ds jmprdsojkcjinddfdotubr uk oaktran dstrjota cd nb hdamdtríb, njmpjdzb yoakcjojakds cd eumdcbc, sdhük dn pnbk cd hdstjÿk cdobnjcbc qud dspdojfjob y cdfjkd dn oaktran y nb farmb cdrdodpojakbr oakfarmd cjoeb pbrtjcb.

Fjhurb 90-?< Bnhukas cd nas oaktrands qud sd cdidk rdbnjzbr tbk-ta b nb pnbtbfarmb oama b nas pbrbmdktas vdrtjobnds.

90.9.2 Dk ibsd cd earmjhÿkDk dn obsa cd pnbtbfarmb cd earmjhÿk, dn tjdmpa kdodsbrjapbrb qud nbs oakcjojakds sdbk nbs bcdoubcbs pbrb nbjkstbnbojÿk cdn rdvdstjmjdkta, dstbrâ supdcjtbca b nbsoakcjojakds cd airb (fbdkb eümdcb), b nb êpaob cdn bòa,yb qud nbs oakcjojakds dk jkvjdrka (eumdcbc rdnbtjvb cdnbjrd) ebodk kdodsbrja oaktdmpnbr uk mbyar pnbza, bcjfdrdkojb cdn vdrbka dk qud dn praodsa cd dvbparbojÿkcdn bhub ds mâs râpjca. Dk taca obsa sd cdid oaktbr oakdn tjdmpa kdodsbrja pbrb qud sd pracuzob nb rdboojÿk

oampndtb dk dn jktdrjar cdn earmjhÿk , oakcjojÿkjkcjspdksbind pbrb bsdhurbr nb curbijnjcbc cdn pjsa y cdnrdvdstjmjdkta.

Fjhurb 90-3< Nasb cd earmjhÿk a rbcjdr saird nb oubn sd jkstbnbrâuk rdvdstjmjdkta cd mbcdrb.

Tkb farmb cd cdtdrmjkbr dn oaktdkjca cd eumdcbc cd nbpnbtbfarmb cd earmjhÿk pbrb nb jkstbnbojÿk cdn rdvdstjmjdktads oanaobkca saird êstb uk panjdtjndka trbkspbrdktd cd 0,9mm cd dspdsar cd cjmdksjakds cd 0,4 x 0,4 m, bn oubn sdnd sdnnbk nas iarcds. _j bn obia cd 93 earbs sd bprdojbeumdcbc ibla dn panjdtjndka, sjhkjfjob qud bük ka sd pudcdjkstbnbr dn rdvdstjmjdkta. Dk nb botubnjcbc sd oudktb oakjkstrumdktas cd bntb prdojsjÿk qud pdrmjtdk mdcjr dk farmbdndotrÿkjob dn oaktdkjca cd eumdcbc cd vbrjbcas mbtdrjbnds(mbcdrb y earmjhÿk, dktrd atras).

Oaktbkca oak nb eumdcbc ÿptjmb cd nb pnbtbfarmb, sd

njmpjb nb supdrfjojd cd hrbsbs, bodjtds a panva y sd vdrjfjobqud sd dkoudktrd kjvdnbcb y sjk rdsbntas.

Ydvjsbcas tacas nas puktas cd oaktran cd nb obrtjnnbprdpbrbojÿk cd ibsd cd earmjhÿk cd cjoeb fbdkb, sdpraodcd b nb oanaobojÿk cd ukb ibrrdrb bktj-eumdcbcsaird tacb nb supdrfjojd, qud bsdhurd oubnqujdr praindmbb futura cd nb jkstbnbojÿk cdn pjsa par obusb cd bnhukbeumdcbc jktdrstjojbn.

Tkb farmb bcdoubcb cd sdnnbr nb supdrfjojd ds bpnjobr ukbcdnhbcb obpb cd odmdkta bsfântjoa saird tacb nb supdrfjojdcdn rbcjdr oak ukb dspâtunb njsb, Fjhurb 90 - 4 B. _d cdlb

sdobr bn mdkas cas earbs. Nudha, sd ouird nb tatbnjcbccd nb pnbtbfarmb oak ukb nâmjkb cd panjdtjndka cd 0,9 b0,4 mm cd dspdsar oak trbsnbpds cd 24 om, oujcbkcabibrobr tacb nb supdrfjojd y qud dk nas iarcds rdtarkd par nas tbijquds b na mdkas 24 om, Fjhurb 90 - 4 I, qudcbkcadstd rdtarka ouijdrta pastdrjarmdktd oak nb nâmjkb cdpanjdtjndka cd 0.9 mm, qud sd cjspakcrâ oama ibrrdrbcd eumdcbc y oama pratdoojÿk cd nb dstruoturb cdn tbijqudbktds cd praodcdr b nb oanaobojÿk cdn rdvdstjmjdktacdfjkjtjva, oama sd mudstrb dk nbs fjhurbs.


Âkhuna dktrd pbrbmdktas

sdhük praydota.

Kjvdnbojÿk earjzaktbn, oaktandrbkojb sdhük

dspdojfjobojÿk praydota.

Dn oaktdkjca cd eumdcbc cdn earmjhÿk cdid sdroaktranbca prdvja b nb oanaobojÿk cd nb sanuojÿk cd pjsa


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Fjhurb 90 - 4


52/89

• Njstakds


53/89

Fjhurb 90-22< Dndmdktas cd nb pnbtbfarmb cd dktrdpjsa y cjspa-sjojÿk cdn tbindra dstruoturbn.

Oama sd pudcd aisdrvbr, dn mjsma tbindra brrjastrbcar utjnjzbca dk nb pnbtbfarmb pudcd sdr usbca oama ibsdpbrb nb jkstbnbojÿk cdn pjsa cd mbcdrb.

Pbrb mdlarbr nb bjsnbojÿk boüstjob cd nas rdojktas jkfdrjards,dstâ nb apojÿk cd oanaobr bjsnbojÿk boüstjob dk nb pnbtbfarmb,oama sd mudstrb dk nb Fjhurb 90-22, tdmb qud dscdsbrrannbca dk dn Obpjtuna JJJ Tkjcbc 23, „Bjsnbojÿk yvdktjnbojÿk”.

Fjhurb 90-29< _anuojÿk oakstruotjvb cd pnbtbfarmb cd dktrdpjsacd mbcdrb oak bjsnbojÿk boüstjob, ibsd pbrb rdojijr nb sanuojÿkcd pjsa.


90.? JK_SBNBOJßK CDN

YDVD_SJMJDKSA CD PJ_A

Cdktra cd nas rdvdstjmjdktas cd pjsa cd mbcdrb mâsutjnjzbcas dk nb vjvjdkcb dstâ dn cd tbinb mboejedmirbcb,ouya praodcjmjdkta cd oanaobojÿk sd cdsorjid b

oaktjkubojÿk<

Dn rdvdstjmjdkta cd dktbinbca dstâ oampudsta par pjdzbscd mbcdrb odpjnnbcb, sdob (oaktdkjca cd eumdcbc kasupdrjar bn 29%), cdkamjkbcbs mancurbs (karmb KOe9200). Dstbs mancurbs tjdkdk cjstjktas pdrfjnds oak nbcasmboejedmirbcas. Nb karmb dstbindod qud dk obsa quddn mbkcbktd a cjsdòbcar dspdojfjqud mancurbs oak pdrfjndscjstjktas b nas qud êstb jkcjob, sd pudcd oakvdkjr par dsorjta dktrd oamprbcar y vdkcdcar nbs macjfjobojakdscd dstas.

Fjhurb 90 -2?< Pdrfjnds cd nbs mancurbs qud prdsdktb nb karmbKOe9200.

Sbindra dstruoturbn

Obcdkdtbs

Sbijqud rdvdstjca

Vjhbs sdoukcbrjbsBjsnbojÿk tdrma-boüstjob

Sbindra dstruoturbn brrjastrbktdy ibsd pbrb pjsaNjstakds pbrb sapartbr

nb bjsnbojÿk

Vjhbs b nb vjs tb

Ojdna ydsaobrtÿk

Mbtdrjbnds qud oakfarmbk nbsanuojÿk cd pjsa boüstjoa

Mancurb JktdrjarPjsa tjpa 2

Mancurb JktdrjarPjsa tjpa 9

Ojdna oakydsa

obrtÿk


54/89

Prdvja b nb jkstbnbojÿk cdn rdvdstjmjdkta, sd cdid dnjmjkbr taca mbtdrjbn sudnta y panva cd nb supdrfjojd cd nb ibsdcdn tbindra dstruoturbn qud rdojijrâ dn rdvdstjmjdkta.

Dk nb cdtdrmjkbojÿk cdn sdktjca cd oanaobojÿk cdnrdvdstjmjdkta, dn cjsdòbcar cdid oaksjcdrbr nas sjhujdktds

bspdotas<

• _j dn dktbinbca sd cjspakd dk dn sdktjca cd nbcjmdksjÿk mâs nbrhb cdn rdojkta, sd nahrb ukb mdlar bpbrjdkojb, cbkca ukb sdksbojÿk cd mbyar bmpnjtuc.

• _j dn rdvdstjmjdkta cd pjsa (cd dspdsar sdhük oânouna)sd fjlb pdrpdkcjounbr b nbs vjhbs sdoukcbrjbs, sd pudcdrdbnjzbr dn brrjastrbmjdkta cd nb pnbtbfarmb.

Fjhurb 90 -23< _dktjca cdn rdvdstjmjdkta cd pjsa sdhük nb

cjspasjojÿk cd nbs vjhbs sdoukcbrjbs.

Sacb vdz qud sdb pasjind, sd suhjdrd trbzbr dn dld cd nbsvjhbs saird nas tbindras, cd tbn farmb cd pacdr oanaobr pastdrjarmdktd nas onbvas qud fjlbrâk dn rdvdstjmjdktasaird dnnbs, prdvja b nb oanaobojÿk y fjlbojÿk cdn rd-vdstjmjdkta.

Fjhurb 90-24< Srbzbca saird dn tbindra ibsd nas dlds cd nbs vjhbs sdoukcbrjbs.


Bn jkjoja cd nb jkstbnbojÿk cd uk dktbinbca cd pjsa, nboanaobojÿk cd nb prjmdrb pjdzb rdsuntb fukcbmdktbn, ybqud sdrvjrâ cd huíb pbrb nbs sjhujdktds. Tkb farmb cdbsdhurbr su oarrdotb oanaobojÿk ds trbzbr ukb níkdb huíb.Na qud ebod kdodsbrja nb oanaobojÿk dk bmias dxtrdmascdn rdojkta ukb pjdzb, oak dn nbca bobkbnbca ebojb dn mura

y cjstbkojbcb cd êstd 9,0 om. Dstd dspboja, qud qudcbrâaounta bn oanaobr nas hubrcbpanvas, pdrmjtd nb cjnbtbojÿkcdn rdvdstjmjdkta, dvjtbkca qud pastdrjarmdktd orulb asd pracuzob ukb cdfarmbojÿk supdrfjojbn cdn pjsa.

Dstb prjmdrb ejnbcb cdid nndvbr caind fjlbojÿk, ukb par dnnbca cd nb pdstbòb, pudstb dk uk âkhuna bpraxjmbca cd34¼ y atrb odrobkb bn iarcd bobkbnbca cjstbkojbcb 5c (5cjâmdtras cd onbva) cdn iarcd pdrpdkcjounbr b nb pjdzb,bntdrkbkca dn oastbca dk qud sd oanaob dn onbva sjkcjstbkojbrnas mâs cd 30 om.

Fjhurb 90-26< Fjlbojÿk cd nb prjmdrb mancurb cdn rdvdstjmjdktacd pjsa b nb ibsd cd mbcdrb.

Tijobcbs dstbs cas pjdzbs dk nas dxtrdmas cdn rdojkta, sd

trbzb ukb níkdb qud nbs ukb par dn iarcd cd nb pjdzb qudtjdkd pdstbòb. Dstb sdrâ nb níkdb qud sdrvjrâ cd huíb dk nboanaobojÿk cdn rdvdstjmjdkta.

_dktjca cd nbs vjhbs sdoukcbrjbs

_dktjca dk qud cdid sdrcjspudsta dn rdvdstjmjdkta

cd pjsa

Dlds pbrb hujbr nb fjlbojÿkcdn rdvdstjmjdkta.

Sbindra dstruoturbn

Cjstbkojbca 9 om cdn mura

2 /3 racÿk ouirjrâ nb sdpbrbojÿk dktrdrdvdstjmjdkta y mura.

Nb prjmdrb tbinb nndvb 9 fjlbojakds,nbs qud sd vbk bntdrkbkca

Mancurb cd pjsa

Ibrrdrb cd eumdcbcFjdntra cd 24 njirbs


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Fjhurb 90-28


56/89

• (I) Oanaobr oama üntjmb pjdzb ukb qud sdb mâs bkoebqud nbs qud sd dstbibk utjnjzbkca.

Fjhurb 90-90< Btrbqud cd tdrmjkbojÿk cd nb üntjmb mancurb.(B) Obsa dk qud sd supnd oak ukb pjdzb dxtrb y sd onbvb b nbpdküntjmb mancurb. (I) _anuojÿk oak nb oanaobojÿk cd ukb mancurbcd mbyar cjmdksjÿk dk su bkoea.


Tkb vdz jkstbnbca dn rdvdstjmjdkta cd pjsa, sd cdid bpnjobr uk bobibca oama pudcd sdr odrb pbrb mbcdrb, pjkturb aibrkjz dspdojbn pbrb pjsas a vjtrjfjobca. Pbrb su bpnjobojÿksd cdid oaksjcdrbr nbs jkstruoojakds y rdoamdkcbojakdscdn fbirjobktd.

B

I

Pjdzb dxtrb (üntjmbmancurb) qud sdonbvb b nb pdküntjmb

mancurb

Hubrcbpanva

Tntjmb pjdzb, cd bkoea mbyar b nbsqud sd dstbibk jkstbnbkca.

Ydvdstjmjdkta cd ojdna

Pnbob ibsd cd oaktrboebpbcadstruoturbn

Ydvdstjmjdkta cd pjsa oakmancurbs mboejedmirbcbs.

_andrb cd maktbld_andrb jkfdrjartbijqud 9¼ pjsa

Frjsa

Ydvdstjmjdkta jktdrjar cd tbijqudsapartbktd pdrjmdtrbn 2dr pjsa.

Sbijqud sapartbktdpdrjmdtrbn

Ydvdstjmjdkta jktdrjar cd tbijqudsapartbktd pdrjmdtrbn 9¼ pjsa.

Bjsnbojÿk boüstjob dktrd vjhbs

Njstakds pbrb fjlbrdn rdvdstjmjdkta cdn

ojdna.

Vjhbs sdoukcbrjbs

Obcdkdtbs

Fjhurb 90 ‟ 92< _d prdsdktb sanuojÿk cd rdvdstjmjdkta cd pjsa trbcjojakbn, dk uk dktrdpjsa oakfarmbca par ukb pnbtbfarmb cd mbcdrb,brrjastrbcb oak tbindra dstruoturbn, qud sdrvjrâ cd ibsd pbrb jkstbnbr nbs mancurbs mboejedmirbcbs, cbkca oama rdsuntbca uk dktbinbcacd pjsa oama rdvdstjmjdkta.

Bkoea karmbn cdnbs mancurbs qudsd dstâk jkstbnbkca


57/89


IJINJAHYBFJB




- Obkbcb Marthbhd bkc Eausjkh Oarparbtjak, OMEO,„Xaacfrbmd Dkvdnapds jk ted Oabstbn Onjmbtd af IrjtjseOanumijb”, Puinjobca par OMEO, Obkbcâ, 9002.


- Huzmâk, D7 „Oursa Dndmdktbn cd Dcjfjobojÿk”, 9° Dcjojÿk,Puinjobojÿk cd nb Fbountbc cd Brqujtdoturb y Tribkjsma cd

nb Tkjvdrsjcbc cd Oejnd, _bktjbha, Oejnd, 2::0.












- Vjnnbsusa, I7„Nb Mbcdrb dk nb Brqujtdoturb”, Dcjtarjbn „DnBtdkda” Pdcra Hbroíb _.B, Iudkas Bjrds, Brhdktjkb, 2::8.






- www.fpn.fs.fdc.us (Fardst Pracuots Nbiarbtary T._.

Cdpbrtmdkt af Bhrjounturd Fardst _drvjod).


- www.pdstwarnc.arh (Kbtjakbn Pdst Mbkbhdmdkt Bssaojbtjak).





- KOe 285 Af.8: Mbcdrb bsdrrbcb cd pjka jksjhkd onbsjfjobojÿkpar bspdota.

- KOe 860 Af.8? Mbcdrb ‟ Sbindras cd pbrtíounbs. Dspdojfj-obojakds.

- KOe 85:/2 Af.58 Mbcdrbs ‟ Pbrtd 2< Onbsjfjobojÿk cdmbcdrbs oamdrojbnds par su curbijnjcbc kbturbn.

- KOe ::9 D Af.83 Mbcdrb - Cdfdotas b oaksjcdrbr dk nbonbsjfjobojÿk, tdrmjkanahíb y mêtacas cd mdcjojÿk.

- KOe ::? Af.89 Mbcdrb- Praodcjmjdkta y orjtdrjas cddvbnubojÿk pbrb onbsjfjobojÿk.

- KOe 2908 Af.:0 Pjka Ybcjbtb - Onbsjfjobojÿk vjsubn pbrb usadstruoturbn - Dspdojfjobojakds cd nas hrbcas cd obnjcbc.

- KOe 9200 Af 900? Mbcdrb ‟ Mancurbs ‟ Cdsjhkbojÿk ycjmdksjakds.

- KOe 9593 Af 900? Mbcdrbs Pjka rbcjbtb ‟ Tkjcbcds,cjmdksjakds y tandrbkojbs.


58/89

Tkjcbc 92

SDYMJKBOJAK OAK MANCTYB_ CD

MBCDYB CDOAYBSJVB

O A Y P A Y B O J

A K O EJND K B C D

N B M

B C D Y B


_ S B N


59/89

Nb karmb KOe9200 Af 900? Mbcdrb - Mancurbs -Cdsjhkbojÿk y cjmdksjakds, onbsjfjob nas dndmdktas qudsd utjnjzbrâk oak cjoeas fjkds, jcdktjfjoâkcanas oamamancurbs cd mbcdrb cdoarbtjvb, odpjnnbcbs y oak oaktdkjcacd eumdcbc mâxjma cd 29%. Dk dstb onbsjfjobojÿk dstâknas ibnbustrds, hubrcbpanvas, lukqujnnas, 2/3 racÿk,dsqujkdras, pjnbstrbs, tbpbluktbs y oarkjsbs.

Fjhurb 92-9< Dldmpna cd bnhukbs mancurbs qud sd dspdojfjobkdk nb karmb KOe9200.

Ka aistbktd na dstbindojca dk nb karmb KOe9200, nbonbsjfjobojÿk cd nbs mancurbs sd pudcd dspdojfjobr cdscdcas puktas cd vjstb< dk rdnbojÿk bn pdrfjn cd nb mancurba oak rdspdota b nb uijobojÿk qud êstb tdkcrâ.

Fjhurb 92- ?


60/89

Par dldmpna, uk dndmdkta oama dn 2/3 racÿk, ouya kamirddstâ rdnbojakbca oak nb farmb, pudcd sdr utjnjzbca oamadsqujkdra, oarkjsb a oama oampndmdkta cd ukhubrcbpanva.

Fjhurb 92-3< Tsa cd uk mjsma dndmdkta cd tdrmjkbojÿk (mancurboak pdrfjn cd 2/ 3 racÿk) dk cjstjktbs uijobojakds.

Oak rdspdota b nb oamdrojbnjzbojÿk, nbs pjdzbs sd vdkcdkpunjcbs, njstbs pbrb rdojijr ukb tdrmjkbojÿk a oak dn bobibcayb bpnjobca, dk nbrhas cd ? m, vbrjbcas dspdsards y bkoeas,y pudcdk tdkdr ukjakds tjpa fjkhdr-lajkt.

Pbrb ukb mdlar oamprdksjÿk cdn tdmb, sd bkbnjzbrâk par sdpbrbca nbs mancurbs utjnjzbcbs pbrb nas dkoudktras cdmuras oak pjsa y ojdna, y nbs utjnjzbcbs oama ouirdluktbscd pudrtbs y vdktbkbs. Oak rdspdota b nas oartds qudcdidk sdr rdbnjzbcas, nb mdtacanahíb ds nb mjsmb pbrbtacas nas obsas, oaksjcdrbkca sjdmprd sj nb dsqujkb a dndkoudktra b sanuojakbr ds oÿkobva a oakvdxa.

92.9 MANCTYB_ PBYB DKOTDKSYA_ CD MTYA_ OAK PJ_A

Z OJDNA (HTBYCBPANVA_ Z OAYKJ_B_)

92.9.2 Oartds y ukjakds dk mancurbsNbs ukjakds dktrd mancurbs uijobcbs dk dn dkoudktra dktrddn ojdna y muras, nnbmbcbs oarkjsbs, pudcdk sdr rdbnjzbcbs

dk âkhunas rdotas a dk âkhunas cd 34°. Hdkdrbnmdktd sdprdfjdrd rdbnjzbr dn oartd dk âkhuna rdota yb qud qudcbukb níkdb cd ukjÿk mdkas vjsjind, cbkca oaktjkujcbc bndkoudktra.

Fjhurb 92-4< _d mudstrb nb sanuojÿk cdn dkoudktra dktrd ojdna y mura oak oarkjsb cd mbcdrb pjktbcb.

Bn jhubn qud nbs oarkjsbs, nas hubrcbpanvas (mancurbsutjnjzbcbs b na nbrha cd nb pbrtd jkfdrjar cd nas muras),cdidk sdr ukjcas oak nbs mjsmbs oaksjcdrbojakds rdspdota

bn âkhuna cd oartd cdn dxtrdma (34° ÿ :0°).

Fjhurb 92 - 6< Hubrcbpanva oama sanuojÿk bn dkoudktra dktrdmura y pjsa.


2/3 Yacÿk

Dn 2 /3 Yacÿk pudcd sdrutjnjzbca dk cjstjktas

dkoudktras oama sakouirjdkca nbs dsqujkbs,

saird a dkfrdktd cdnhubrcbpanva.

Oarkjsb cd mbcdrb pjktbcb

Sdrmjkbojÿk oak mancurbhubrcbpanva ibrkjzbca

Mura

Pjsa


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Dk oubnqujdrb cd nas cas obsas, sd rdoamjdkcb qud nbüntjmb pjdzb sdb oartbcb uk paoa mâs nbrhb qud dn rdsta(2 mm b 9 mm bpraxjmbcbmdktd), pbrb bsdhurbr ukb ukjÿkblustbcb dktrd nbs pjdzbs.

Dstas dkoudktras cdidk sdr njlbcas ukb vdz oanaobcbs nbsfjlbojakds, pbrb cbr nb jcdb cd oaktjkujcbc dktrd mancurbs,sbnva qud nb mancurb qud sd dstê utjnjzbkca vdkhb prd-bobibcb. Cd ka sdr njlbcbs, sd hdkdrbrâk samirbs dk nasdkoudktras, cbkca nb jcdb qud nbs mancurbs ka dstâkpudstbs b tapd.

Nas oartds pbrb nas dkoudktras cd mancurbs dk nbs dsqujkbscdpdkcdrâk cd sj êstbs sak oakvdxbs a oÿkobvbs.

• _j ds ukb dsqujkb oakvdxb, sd suhjdrd uk oartd bdsoubcrb.

Dsta pdrmjtd cdtdrmjkbr dn âkhuna dk qud cdidk sdr oartbcbs nbs mancurbs, utjnjzbkca nb oblb cd jkhndtds.

Fjhurb 92-8


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Cjstbkojb cdtdrmjkbcb parnb mudstrb cd mancurb

Mudstrb cd nb mancurb pbrb cdtdrmjkbr nbpasjojÿk cdfjkjtjvb cd êstb.

Níkdb huíb saird dnmura

Pbrb nb mancurb qud tjdkd uk caind oartd, dn oartd dkfukojÿk cdn âkhuna dk qud sd dkoudktrbk nas muras, sdcdtdrmjkb cd nb mjsmb farmb qud nbs dsqujkbs oakvdxbsy sd pudcd mbtdrjbnjzbr oak nb oblb cd jkhndtds.

Dn oartd rdnbojakbca oak dn pdrfjn sd pudcd aitdkdr<

• Ttjnjzbkca uk pbktÿhrbfa. _d prdsdktb oaktrb nbmancurb qud nndhb cd tapd bn mura, nb mancurb qudnndhbrâ b êstb. Ttjnjzbkca nb prjmdrb mancurb oamahuíb, sd trbzb saird nb sdhukcb nb fjhurb qud cdidsdhujr dn oartd, byucbca par dn pbktÿhrbfa.

Fjhurb 92 -20


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Fjhurb 92-2?


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Fjhurb 92-26< Oartds dk nbs mancurbs cd pudrtb pbrb su oarrdotaobnod.

Nb fjlbojÿk sd dfdotubrâ obcb ?0 om, oak puktbs (onbvascdnhbcas) cd nbrhas boarcds b nas dspdsards cd nbstbpbluktbs, utjnjzbkca pastdrjarmdktd uk iatbcar cdonbvas, qud pdrmjtd jktracuojr uk pbr cd mjnímdtras nbobidzb cd nb puktb y sd praodcdrâ b nb oanaobojÿk cdpbstb dspdojbn oak nb takbnjcbc cd nb mbcdrb, aitdkjdkcaukb tdrmjkbojÿk pdrfdotb.

92.?.9 Ouirdluktbs pbrb vdktbkbs y atras

_d cdid ouirjr dn dkoudktra cdn odktra cd nb vdktbkb oakdn bnfêjzbr, cjktdn y mura. Pbrb nas oartds dk dstbs mancurbs,sd cdid sdhujr nbs mjsmbs jkcjobojakds cdsorjtbs pbrb nbsouirdluktbs cd pudrtbs.

Fjhurb 92 - 28


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IJINJAHYBFJB




- Obkbcb Marthbhd bkc Eausjkh Oarparbtjak, OMEO,„Xaacfrbmd Dkvdnapds jk ted Oabstbn Onjmbtd af Irjtjse

Oanumijb”, Obkbcâ, 9002.



- Ebkaka, M7 „Oakstruoojÿk dk Mbcdrb”, OJMB Pracuooja-kds Hrâfjobs y Dcjtarjbnds, Yía Kdhra, Brhdktjkb, 9002.


- Ljmêkdz, F7 Vjhkatd, _, „Sdokanahíb cd nb Mbcdrb”, 9°Dcjojÿk, Mjkjstdrja cd Bhrjounturb, Pdsob y Bnjmdktbojÿk,

_dordtbríb Hdkdrbn Sêokjob Odktra cd Puinjobojakds, Mbcrjc,Dspbòb, 9000.


- Mjnnbr, L7„Obsbs cd Mbcdrb”, 2° Dcjojÿk, Dcjtarjbn Inumd,Ibrodnakb, Dspbòb, 2::5.


- Prjmjbka, L7 „Oursa Prâotjoa cd Dcjfjobojÿk oak Mbcdrb”,

Dcjtarjbn Oakstruoojakds _ucbmdrjobkbs, Iudkas Bjrds,Brhdktjkb, 2::5.





- Vjnnbsusa, I7 „Nb Mbcdrb dk nb Brqujtdoturb”, Dcjtarjbn „DnBtdkda” Pdcra Hbroíb _.B, Iudkas Bjrds, Brhdktjkb, 2::8.







- www.jkk.on ( Jkstjtuta Kbojakbn cd Karmbnjzbojÿk).

- www.pdstwarnc.arh (Kbtjakbn Pdst Mbkbhdmdkt Bssaojb-tjak).



- KOe 9200 Af 900? Mbcdrb ‟ Mancurbs ‟ Cdsjhkbojÿk ycjmdksjÿk.

- KOe 9593 Af 900? Mbcdrbs ‟ Pjka rbcjbtb ‟ Tkjcbcds,

cjmdksjakds y tandrbkojbs.



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Tkjcbc 99

PTDYSB_ Z VDKSBKB_

O A Y P A Y B O J

A K O EJND K B C D

N B M

B C D Y B


_ S B N


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TKJCBC 99


99.2 JKSYACTOOJßK

Nbs pudrtbs y vdktbkbs cd ukb vjvjdkcb oumpndk uk ranrdndvbktd dk vbrjbcas bspdotas. Nb supdrfjojd (kümdra ytbmbòa), arjdktbojÿk (uijobojÿk) y tjpas, bfdotbk nb dstêtjob,nuz kbturbn, vjstb, vdktjnbojÿk, mdcjas cd dvboubojÿk ybearra dkdrhêtjoa, dktrd atras.

Dn bnta oasta cd dstb pbrtjcb, dk obsa cd rddmpnbzbr dndmdktas cdfdotuasas, nb oampndljcbc cd jkstbnbojÿkpbrb oumpnjr oak rdqudrjmjdktas dxjhjcas, y dn mbyar dstâkcbr dk tdrmjkbojakds qud cdmbkcbk obcb cíb nasusubrjas, ebod jkcjspdksbind prdaoupbrsd prdvjbmdktdcd uk iudk cjsdòa brqujtdotÿkjoa y oakstruotjva, bsí oamacd nb oarrdotb sdndoojÿk d jkstbnbojÿk cd dstas dndmdktas7dspdojbnmdktd sj sd cdsdb aitdkdr ukb curbijnjcbcbodptbind, uk fâojn mbktdkjmjdkta y uk bearra dkdrhêtjoaoaksjcdrbind.

Dxjstdk vbrjas fbotards rdndvbktds qud cdidk oaksjcdrbrsddk dn cjsdòa y sdndoojÿk cd nbs pudrtbs y vdktbkbs. Par dldmpna, su dfjojdkojb dkdrhêtjob, uk fbotar jkcjspdksbindy orítjoa. Dstas dndmdktas pudcdk sdr obusbktds cd hrbkpêrcjcb cdn obnar arjhjkbca par obndfboojÿk bn jktdrjar cdnb vjvjdkcb.

Ds jmpartbktd oaksjcdrbr dn tbmbòa y dn dspboja qudbibrobk nbs pudrtbs dxtdrjards, ka sÿna pbrb oumpnjr oaknb karmbtjvb vjhdktd, tbmijêk pbrb fbojnjtbr dn jkhrdsa ysbnjcb cd pdrsakbs y mudinds cdn dcjfjoja. B vdodsprdcamjkb nb kdodsjcbc cd odrrbmjdkta oampndta, sjkfjntrbojakds cd bjrd, par na oubn sd cdidk blustbr tacbs suspbrtds. Dk atrbs aobsjakds tamb jmpartbkojb nb sdhurjcbc<cdidk sdr raiustbs y obpbods cd rdsjstjr bsdcja dxtdrjar.

Nbs vdktbkbs sak dndmdktas farmbcas par nb dstruoturb yvjcrjas a orjstbnds, qud pdrmjtdk rdhunbr dn ojdrrd cd ukvbka, hdkdrbnmdktd ka trbksjtbind. Sjdkdk par fjkbnjcbcprjkojpbn praparojakbr nuz kbturbn, vdktjnbojÿk b nbsebijtbojakds y vjstb bn dxtdrjar, bfdotbkca nb bpbrjdkojb cdnb vjvjdkcb, par na qud nb dndoojÿk cd su dstjna ds jmpartbktd.

Dk hdkdrbn, nbs vdktbkbs cdidk oumpnjr mâs rdqujsjtasqud nbs pudrtbs, parqud vbk ebojb d n dxtdrjar. Dsta jmpnjobqud dstâk dxpudstbs b nas bhdktds kaojvas cd nb jktdmpdrjdoama nnuvjb, vjdkta y san.

Sacb vdktbkb cdid bsdhurbr dstbkqudjcbc míkjmb bn bjrdd jmpdrmdbijnjcbc bisanutb bn bhub. Par sdhurjcbc cdidksdr samdtjcbs b nas dksbyas dspdojfjobcas dk karmbs(bhub< KOe 555D Af 82 y bjrd KOe< 336D Af 88). Nbsvdktbkbs cdidk sdr obpbods cd rdsjstjr obrhbs pracuojcbspar dn vjdkta y dmpuld cdijca b su usa y dvdktubndsoeaquds cd bsdcja dxtdrjar. Nb karmbtjvb oejndkb dxjhddn oumpnjmjdkta cd nb KOe 55: D Af 82 (cd rdsjstdkojbmdoâkjob), KOe 5:2D Af 82 y KOe 5:9D Af 82 (cd

dstbkqudjcbc).

Jcdbnmdktd, cdidríbk oaktbr oak dn sdnna cd obnjcbc cdukb jkstjtuojÿk cd prdstjhja y rdoakaojcb oampdtdkojb.

99.9 OAKCJOJAKD_ B OTMPNJY

99.9.2 NumíkjobsNbs pudrtbs y vdktbkbs oak vjcrjas a o rjstbnds afrdodk nuzy vjstb b nas aoupbktds oubkca sak cd tbmbòa bcdoubcay dstâk dmpnbzbcbs dk nb ui jobojÿk oarrdotb .

Nb jnumjkbojÿk cd ukb ebijtbojÿk oak nuz kbturbn cdpdkcdcd vbrjas fbotards< zakb hdahrâfjob, arjdktbojÿk, nuz cjrdotb,

nuz rdfndlbcb cdn dxtdrjar y rdfndotbkojb cdn rdojkta jktdrjar,dktrd atrbs. Dstas fbotards, mâs nas rdqudrjmjdktas cd usadk nb ebijtbojÿk, cdtdrmjkbk farmb brqujtdotÿkjob, tbmbòa,uijobojÿk y tjpa cd vdktbkbs dk nas pbrbmdktas cd ukbvjvjdkcb.

Dk hdkdrbn, nbs vdktbkbs cd farmb vdrtjobn praparojakbkmbyar obktjcbc cd nuz cjurkb y nbs earjzaktbnds mbyar eamahdkdjcbc dk dn jktdrjar. Ydsuntb rdndvbktd nb cjmdksjÿky uijobojÿk cd nas dndmdktas oampakdktds cd nb vdktbkbcd mbcdrb, yb qud pudcdk jkojcjr dk uk parodktbldjmpartbktd cd aistruoojÿk cd nuz cdn vbka.

Ojdrtas rdojktas rdqujdrdk vdktbkbs cd hrbkcdscjmdksjakds y njirds cd aistruoojakds pbrb pdrmjtjr nbdktrbcb cd nuz kbturbn. Nbs sbnbs cd dstbr y oamdcardskdodsjtbk karmbnmdktd supdrfjojds cd vdktbkb supdrjardsbn 20% cd nb supdrfjojd dk pnbktb cd nb ebijtbojÿk. Atrbscdpdkcdkojbs oama carmjtarjas, nuhbrds cd trbibla ydspbojas fbmjnjbrds a ludha, rdqujdrdk vdktbkbs oakcjmdksjakds míkjmbs, dqujvbndktds bn 4 % cd nb supdrfjojdcdn nuhbr. Dstas rdqudrjmjdktas pdrmjtdk dspbojas jktdrjardssbnucbinds qud tjdkdk dk oudktb dn ijdkdstbr jktdhrbn cdsus aoupbktds.

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99.9.9 VdktjnbojÿkNbs vdktbkbs tbmijêk praparojakbk uk mdcja cdvdktjnbojÿk kbturbn, yb qud pdrmjtdk qud dn bjrd dxtdrjar fnuyb ebojb dn jktdrjar, nahrbkca ukb ojrounbojÿk y rdkavbojÿkcdn bjrd. Nbs vdktbkbs qud sd birdk pudcdk dnjmjkbr nbkdodsjcbc cd jkstbnbr mdobkjsmas cd vdktjnbojÿk curbktd

nbs dstbojakds cd mbyar obnar.

Dk nb mbyaríb cd nas nuhbrds cakcd nbs vdktbkbs sd utjnjzbkpbrb praparojakbr vdktjnbojÿk kbturbn, êstbs cdidk dstbr njird cd aistruoojakds y oak obpbojcbc cd pacdr birjr ukb supdrfjojd míkjmb, dk fukojÿk cdn tjpa cd rdojkta(ibòas, sÿtbkas, oaojkbs) y cd su supdrfjojd.

99.9.? BoüstjobsNbs vdktbkbs tbmijêk cdidk oumpnjr oak oakcjojakdsboüstjobs qud pdrmjtbk dvjtbr a cjsmjkujr dn kjvdn sakaracdn dxtdrjar ebojb dn jktdrjar cd nbs vjvjdkcbs.

Nb pratdoojÿk boüstjob cdpdkcd cd vbrjbinds oama kjvdncd rujca dxtdrka, rdsjstdkojb boüstjob cd nas oampakdktds,edrmdtjojcbc y mbtdrjbnds oakstjtutjvas. Frdktd b dstbsdxjhdkojbs a rdqudrjmjdktas, nb mbcdrb ds uk mbtdrjbnoakvdkjdktd.

Dk hdkdrbn, pbrb ukb mbyar pratdoojÿk sd rdoamjdkcb<

• Dk pbrbmdktas dxtdrjards, praourbr uk mbyar bjsnbmjdkta boüstjoa par cjsdòa y nb oarrdotb dndoojÿkcd mbtdrjbnds.

• Dk nb supdrfjojd cd vjcrjas a orjstbnds, oanaobr casnâmjkbs cd vjcrjas cd cjfdrdktd dspdsar, sdb dk ukba caind vdktbkb, oama farmb cd btdkubr dn rujca.

• Dk ukjakds, sanuojakbr dn praindmb cd dstbkqudjcbcbn bjrd, dn qud ds praparojakbn b nb pdkdtrbojÿk boüstjob.

99.9.3 SêrmjobsNbs vdktbkbs rdprdsdktbk dn bspdota mâs cêijn cd ukbvjvjdkcb cdscd dn pukta cd vjstb cd nb bjsnbojÿk têrmjob,cdijca bn rdcuojca dspdsar cd sus dndmdktas oakstjtutjvas,bn paoa pdsa y iblb rdsjstdkojb têrmjob cdn vjcrja. _jkdmibrha, sj sd usbk mbtdrjbnds cd iblb oakcuotjvjcbcoama nb mbcdrb, rdsuntb mâs fbvarbind.

Ydnbojakbca oak na bktdrjar, ds jmpartbktd oaksjcdrbr dkdn cjsdòa nb rdhjÿk hdahrâfjob, zakb onjmâtjob b qudpdrtdkdod, supdrfjojd rdoamdkcbind cd vdktbkbs dkrdnbojÿk b nb supdrfjojd cdn pjsa y/a supdrfjojd cd naspbrbmdktas vdrtjobnds cdn rdojkta y arjdktbojÿk cd nbsvdktbkbs.

Pbrb ukb mdlar pratdoojÿk têrmjob sd cdid tdkdr prdsdktdnbs pêrcjcbs cd obnar dk jkvjdrka y hbkbkojbs cd obnar dkvdrbka. Mdcjbktd dn oarrdota cjsdòa cd vdktbkbs sd pudcdkdvjtbr hrbkcds fnuotubojakds cd tdmpdrbturb qud dndvbkdn hbsta cd dkdrhíb dk obndfboojÿk y cdtdrjarbk nbebijtbijnjcbc cd nb vjvjdkcb.

Bcdmâs, ds muy sjhkjfjobtjva dn tjpa cd vjcrja utjnjzbca,hdkdrbnmdktd dn obmija cd vjcrja sjmpnd b caind pdrmjtdmdlarbr sustbkojbnmdktd nbs oakcjojakds têrmjobs cdnrdojkta. Par atra nbca, sd cdid dspdojfjobr oarrdotbmdktdnas dndmdktas sdoukcbrjas, nas qud sak onbvds pbrb dnoumpnjmjdkta cd dsb oakcjojÿk. Par dldmpna< sdnnas,dspdojbnmdktd bn oaksjcdrbr curbijnjcbc y mbktdkjmjdkta.

99.9.4 Ydsjstdkojb b obrhbs cd vjdktaNb vdktbkb cdid dstbr cjsdòbcb pbrb qud nbs cdfarmbojakdspracuota cd nb cjfdrdkojb cd prdsjÿk dktrd su obrb jktdrjar y dxtdrjar, dk fukojÿk cd su supdrfjojd, ka sdbk supdrjards

b 2/?00 cd nb cjstbkojb dktrd bpayas y ka cdldkcdfarmbojakds pdrmbkdktds, a sdb, tdkhb obpbojcbc cdrdoupdrbrsd oubkca cdld cd botubr dn vjdkta. Bcdmâs, nbsvdktbkbs cdidk sdr obpbods cd rdsjstjr vjdktas cdtdmparbnds (ebstb vdnaojcbcds cd 240 gm/e) curbktd trdspdríacas, cd mbkdrb qud nbs cdfarmbojakds cd obcb ukacd dnnas y nbs pdrmbkdktds ka sdbk bprdojbinds.

99.9.6 Prdobuojÿk b nb prapbhbojÿk cd fudha

Nbs vdktbkbs afrdodk dn idkdfjoja cd nb nuz, vjstb, yvdktjnbojÿk, dktrd atras, pdra tbmijêk prdsdktbk cdsvdktblbspar dn rjdsha cd prapbhbojÿk cd fudha b vjvjdkcbs vdojkbsy/a rdojktas bcybodktds. Par dnna, nb karmbtjvb dstbindodnímjtds dstrjotas pbrb nb supdrfjojd cd vjcrjas y/a orjstbndsqud pudcdk jkstbnbrsd dk pbrbmdktas prÿxjmas b nasnímjtds cd nb prapjdcbc, sdhük su cjstbkojb b dstas nímjtdsy dn ârdb tatbn cdn pbrbmdkta.

99.9.8 Mdcja cd dsobpd

Nbs vdktbkbs tbmijêk pudcdk sdr utjnjzbcbs par nasaoupbktds cd ukb vjvjdkcb oama víb cd dsobpd dk obsascd dmdrhdkojb. Dsbs vdktbkbs cdidk birjr ebojb dn dxtdrjar sjk kjkhük mdobkjsma dspdojbn y oaktbr oak ukb bidrturbmíkjmb supdrjar b 0,?4 m9, njird cd aistruoojakds, pbrbpdrmjtjr dn pbsa cd ukb pdrsakb.

Nbs vdktbkbs cjsdòbcbs oama mdcja cd dsobpd cdidktdkdr ukb bnturb mâxjmb cd bktdpdoea (par dldmpna< 2mpar saird dn kjvdn cd pjsa) y dstbr dmpnbzbcbs b ukbcjstbkojb mâxjmb par saird dn kjvdn cd pjsa dxtdrjar.



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99.9.5 Ydqujsjtas iâsjoasNbs vdktbkbs, jkcdpdkcjdktdmdktd cd su tbmbòa, tjpa ambtdrjbn dmpndbca, cdidk oumpnjr ukb sdrjd cdrdqudrjmjdktas iâsjoas qud pdrmjtbk hbrbktjzbr dnoumpnjmjdkta cd su aildtjva y curbijnjcbc dspdrbcb. Dstasrdqujsjtas iâsjoas sak<

• Ydsjstdkojb bn bnbida

• Fbojnjcbc cd mbkjairb

• Ydsjstdkojb dk dn pnbka cd nbs ealbs

• Ydsjstdkojb cdn sjstdmb cd hjra

• _dhurjcbc dk vdktbkbs cd dld earjzaktbn jkfdrjar

• Ydsjstdkojb b nb fndxjÿk dk vdktbkbs cd oarrdcdrb yhujnnatjkb

Nas rdqujsjtas mdkojakbcas ka sd cdidk dxjhjr b tacbsnbs vdktbkbs, sjka qud cdpdkcdrâ cd su tjpa.

Dsas rdqudrjmjdktas cdidk sdr odrtjfjobcas dk nbiarbtarjasoampdtdktds y bordcjtbcas. Jcdbnmdktd nbs vdktbkbs cdidktdkdr sdnnas cd obnjcbc qud hbrbktjodk uk iudkoampartbmjdkta.

99. ? PTDYSB_

99.?.2 Onbsjfjobojÿk sdhük mbtdrjbn_dhük dn mbtdrjbn dmpndbca dk nbs ealbs utjnjzbcbspbrb odrrbr dn vbka, pacdmas cjstjkhujr nas sjhujdktdstjpas cd pudrtbs<

99.?.2.2 Cd mbcdrb• Cd tbindra, farmbcb par uk ibstjcar qud rdojid

pnbkoebs cd mbcdrb, nnbmbcbs tbindras, dk ukbedkcjcurb odktrbn.

Fjhurb 99 - 2< Ealbs cd pudrtbs cd tbindra oak sus oampakdktds.

_u pbrtd prjkojpbn ds dn ibstjcar, farmbca par cas

dndmdktas vdrtjobnds a nbrhudras y vbrjas earjzaktbnds atrbvdsbòas qud fjlbk nas tbindras. _dhük karmb, dn nbrhudrads cakcd sd oanaobk nbs ijsbhrbs y ibtjdktd, ds dn nbrhudraapudsta. Dn obidzbn ds dn trbvdsbòa supdrjar y pdjkbza dntrbvdsbòa cd mbyar bkoea, hdkdrbnmdktd uijobca dk nbpbrtd jkfdrjar y dk bnhukas obsas, b nb bnturb cd nb odrrbcurb.Dn dspdsar mâs frdoudktd cdn ibstjcar ds cd 34 mm, dnbkoea cd nbrhudras y trbvdsbòas :0 mm y cdn pdjkbza,2:0 mm.

TKJCBC 99PTDYSB_ Z VDKSBKB_


Obidzbn

Sbindra

Ibtjdktd

Srbvdsbòa

Odrrbcurb

Nbrhudra

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Nas dndmdktas cdn ibstjcar hdkdrbnmdktd vbk ukjcas btrbvês cd uk dksbmind cd oblb y dspjhb, b mdkuca oakukb onbvjlb cd mbcdrb oama rdfudrza.

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Nndvbk uk ibstjcar cd mbcdrb, bn mdkas dk su pdrímdtra,y uk supnd pbrb nb odrrbcurb dk uka a bmias iarcdsnakhjtucjkbnds.

Dn bnmb cd dstb pnbob, dktrd nbs cas obrbs cd mbcdrbtdrojbcb, pudcd bcaptbr cjvdrsbs farmbs oak dn aildtjva

cd ordbr pdqudòas tbijquds cjvjsarjas, bcedrjcas b nbspnbobs cd oaktrboebpbca pbrb aitdkdr nb rjhjcdz cdnoaklukta.

Fjhurb 99-4 < O) Oebpbs cd mbcdrb a nâmjkbs cd pnâstjoaoakfarmbk dn nnbmbca pbkbn cd bidlbs. C) Sbinjnnbs cd oebpb cdmbcdrb cjspudstbs dk farmb rdotbkhunbr.

Dk dstbs ealbs, hrbk pbrtd cd su rdsjstdkojb mdoâkjob dssapartbcb par sus pnbkoebs dxtdrjards.

Dk hdkdrbn, nas vbkas sd dspdojfjobk dk mÿcunas cd 4 ÿ20 om, tbkta dk bnturb oama dk bkoea, par na qud nbs ealbscdidk sdr jkfdrjards b dstbs cjmdksjakds, usubnmdktd,9 om dk su bnturb y ? om dk su bkoea. Dn dspdsar tatbn cdnb ealb fnuotüb dktrd ?9,30 y 34 mm.

Nb karmbtjvb pdrmjtd uk drrar mâxjma a tandrbkojb dk dnnbrha y bkoea cd + ? mm y dk dn dspdsar, cd ² 0,5 mm.Dk oubkta b su oakcjojÿk cd rdotbkhunbrjcbc< êstb ds cd? mm, rdotjtuc cd nas obktas 2,4 mm y pnbkdjcbc cd sus

obrbs 2,4 mm.

Nb karmb oejndkb (KOe 89? Af 80) dstbindod ukb sdrjdcd dxjhdkojbs rdspdota cd nb rjhjcdz trbksvdrsbn, rdsjstdkojbbn jmpbota, oampartbmjdkta cd nbs cjfdrdktds ukjakds yeumdcbc dk dn mamdkta cd nb rdodpojÿk.

99.?.2.9 Cd mdtbnPudcdk tdkdr uk ibstjcar mdtânjoa y oama nbs cd mbcdrb,pudcdk sdr njsbs a cd pnbob. Hdkdrbnmdktd cd bodra,bnumjkja u atrbs bndbojakds.


99.?.2.? Cd panjvjkínjoa ríhjca (PVO)_jmjnbrds b nbs cd mbcdrb a mdtbn y pudcdk tdkdr cjvdrsbsobrbotdrístjobs. Sbmijêk sd nds cdkamjkb jkbcdoubcbmdktdcd pnâstjoa.

99.?.2.3 Cd orjstbn

Nb ealb dktdrb pudcd sdr ukb pnbkoeb cd orjstbn oaksuldojakds dspdojbnds.

99.?.2.4 MjxtbsBpbrtd cd nas mbtdrjbnds jkcjobcas eby pudrtbsedtdrahêkdbs, oamijkbcbs cd cjstjktbs mbkdrbs. Cdmbcdrb y bnumjkja a cd mbcdrb y PVO.

Hdkdrbnmd ktd sak pudrtbs dspdojbnds, bptbs pbrboakcjojakds dspdoífjobs oama jmpdcjr dn pbsa cdn fudha,bjsnbktds bn rujca y nb tdmpdrbturb y pudrtbs cd sdhurjcbc.

99.?.9 Onbsjfjobojÿk sdhük farmb cd birjr<

Ydsuntb oakvdkjdktd onbsjfjobr nbs pudrtbs cd boudrca bntjpa cd mavjmjdkta qud rdbnjzbk pbrb odrrbr a birjr.

99.?.9.2 Hjrbtarjb<Dk dstd obsa dn mavjmjdkta ds dk tarka b uk dld vdrtjobnu earjzaktbn par mdcja cd ijsbhrbs cd qujoja a pjvatd(Fjhurb 99- 6).

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99.?.9.9 Oarrdcdrb<Dk dstb sjtubojÿk, nb pudrtb sd cdsnjzb b na nbrha cd rjdnds ahuíbs. Pudcd sdr cd pasjojÿk vdrtjobn y earjzaktbn (Fjhurb 99- 8).

Dk hdkdrbn, dstbs pudrtbs sd cdsnjzbk saird dn iarcd jkfdrjar cd uk rjdn dk farmb cd S jkvdrtjcb. Par dstd matjva sd

jkoarparb dk dsd obkta uk sjstdmb cd rudcbs oak hbrhbktba sjmjnbr, pbrb fbojnjtbr dn cdsnjzbmjdkta qud sd blustb sairddn rjdn. Dk obmija, dn iarcd supdrjar sd cdsnjzb b na nbrhacd uk obkbn prdvjbmdktd prdpbrbca. Hdkdrbnmdktd sdusbk dk onÿsdts.

Pbrb hbrbktjzbr dn iudk fukojakbmjdkta, ds oakvdkjdktdqud nbs pudrtbs ka sdbk bntbs y bkhastbs, sjka odrobkbs bnb farmb oubcrbcb, oak sus rudcbs a bpayasbcdoubcbmdktd sdpbrbcas. Oubkca dstbs pudrtbs sakpdsbcbs, ds oakvdkjdktd oanhbrnbs cdscd uk rjdn uijobcadk su iarcd supdrjar. Tsubnmdktd usbcbs dk partakds.

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Nbs dsoubcríbs mâs frdoudktds utjnjzbcbs dk mbcdrb sak9” x 3” y 9” x 4”, cd cjfdrdktds dspdojds, dspdojfjobcbsdk mjnímdtras, oak dn oarrdspakcjdktd rdibld pbrb nb ealbcd pudrtb, jkcjobca oama mbroa rdiblbca, pbrbcjfdrdkojbrna cdn mbroa oampudsta.

Fjhurb 99 ‟ 20< B) Fjlbojÿk cdn odktra b nb lbmib cd pudrtbmdcjbtd tarkjnnas a onbvas. I) Sdrmjkbojÿk cdn odktra oak pjnbstrbs qud ouirdk nb luktb dktrd dn odktra y dn rdvdstjmjdkta cdn tbijqud.

Ds oakvdkjdktd qud nb ukjÿk cd dstbs pjdzbs sdb b trbvês

cd dksbminds bcdoubcas, oama par dldmpna, cd qujldrb.

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dn trbzbca qud mbrob dstd kjvdn, +2,00 m cdn KPS. Dstbbnturb cdid oarrdspakcdr bn kjvdn jktdrjar cdn rdibld cdnmbroa pbrb cdlbr ukb cjstbkojb njird, dqujvbndktd b nb bnturbcd nb ealb.

_d cdid vdrjfjobr sj nbs lbmibs tjdkdk bnturb sufjojdktd pbrb

qud cdsobksdk saird nb ibsd cdn pjsa. Vdrjfjobcb su bnturb,oanaobkca supnds dk dn dxtrdma jkfdrjar sj fudsd kdodsbrja,dn mbroa qudcbrâ sjdmprd bpaybca mjdktrbs curd dnpraodsa cd fjlbojÿk. Bcdmâs, sd cdid vdrjfjobr nbearjzaktbnjcbc cdn cjktdn y nb vd rtjobnjcbc cd nbs lbmibs,oak byucb cdn kjvdn obrpjktdra y pnambcb mdoâkjob.

Fjhurb 99 - 2?< Fjhurb B, oaktran hdamêtrjoa cd nb jkstbnbojÿkcdn mbroa. Fjhurb I, oanaobojÿk cd ouòbs dktrd dn mbroa y nbs lbmibs cdn tbijqud.

Ds jmpartbktd qud dn mbroa qudcd ijdk blustbca dk dnvbka, dvjtbkca dspbojas dxodsjvas qud pdrmjtbk dn pbsacdn bjrd cd uk nbca b atra, ukb eudnhb ka mbyar cd 4 mm,qud sdrâ rdnnbkbcb cdscd bmias pbrbmdktas oak nbkb cdraob a vjcrja pbrb ka cjsmjkujr nb oakcjojÿk têrmjob yboüstjob cdn rdojkta.

Pbrb ouirjr nb luktb dktrd pudrtb a vdktbkb y lbmib, dskdodsbrjb nb oanaobojÿk cd ukb mancurb qud rdojid dnkamird cd pjnbstrb. Ds oakvdkjdktd qud nb pjnbstrb qudcdcds-pnbzbcb bnhukas mjnímdtras cdn obkta cdn mbroa,cdlbkca vjsjind uk iarcd cd êstd, oak aildta cd farmbr ukb pdqudòb obktdríb qud cjsjmund nb ukjÿk.

Nb Oakstruoojÿk cd Vjvjdkcbs dk MbcdrbJKB 3:9

Pjnbstrb

Odktra

Cdspnbzbmjdkta

B

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Ebijtubnmdktd sd prbotjob uk bhuldra prdnjmjkbr cd mdkar prafukcjcbc y cjâmdtra bn tarkjnna b utjnjzbr oak nbedrrbmjdktb bcdoubcb, cd mbkdrb qud êstd birb su prapjaobmjka dktrd nbs fjirbs cd nb mbcdrb oak su rasob oÿkjob,pbrb qud afrdzob mbyar rdsjstdkojb dk nbs üntjmbs vudntbs.Pbrb pudrtbs cd ealbs cd 34 mm cd dspdsar sd jkstbnbk

trds ijsbhrbs cd ? 2/9” a 3” tjpa pnbkb, oak pbsbcar rdmavjind pbrb fbojnjtbr dn rdtjra cd nb ealb sjk tdkdr qudsbobr nas tarkjnnas. Dn dndmdkta ojníkcrjoa qud racdb dnpbsbcar cd nb ijsbhrb, sd cdlb fudrb cdn dspdsar cd nbpudrtb (Fjhurb 99- B). B vdods nb pbnb cd nb ijsbhrb ouirdtaca dn obkta cd nb pudrtb y atrbs vdods qudcb uk pdqudòaiarcd, cd mbkdrb qud dstêtjobmdktd cê uk mdlar bspdota(Fjhurb 99 - I).

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Nb Oakstruoojÿk cd Vjvjdkcbs dk MbcdrbJKB 3:3

Fjhurb 99 - 28< Odrrbcurb tuiunbr cd pbsa, oak a sjk pdstjnna cdsdhurjcbc oak nnbvd. Hdkdrbnmdktd ka rdqujdrdk mbktdkojÿk.

Nb oanaobojÿk cd dstb üntjmb odrrbcurb sd jkjojb oak caspdrfarbojakds cd sdoojÿk ojrounbr pdrpdkcjounbrds dktrdsí, qud pudcdk vdkjr cd fâirjob sj sd ebk dspdojfjobcaprdvjbmdktd. Tkb cd dstbs pdrfarbojakds, nb cd mbyar cjâmdtra, bnalbrâ nb oblb prjkojpbn cd nb odrrbcurb, y nb cdmdkar cjâmdtra, oak su odktra b nb mjsmb bnturb qud nbbktdrjar, bnalbrâ dn sjstdmb cd pdst

Capítulo IV. Manual de Construcción de Vivienda en Madera.

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Transcript of Capítulo IV. Manual de Construcción de Vivienda en Madera.