Cost of Equipment DeliveredEvaporators $ 2,760,480.00 Crystallizer $ 82,620.00 Pumps $ 108,345.60 Filter Press $ 3,942.00 Ejectors $ 36,352.80 Exchangers $ 407,602.80 Total $ 2,991,740.40

Capital Cost FactorsFactor Assumed Cost Percent Total

Equipment Delivered 1 $ 2,991,740.40 23%Installation 0.39 $ 1,166,778.76 9%Piping 0.31 $ 927,439.52 7%Structural Foundations 0.1 $ 299,174.04 2%Electrical 0.1 $ 299,174.04 2%Instruments 0.13 $ 388,926.25 3%Battery-Limits building and services 0.39 $ 1,166,778.76 9%Site Preparation 0.1 $ 299,174.04 2%Auxilaries 0.55 $ 1,645,457.22 13%Field Expense 0.34 $ 1,017,191.74 8%Engineering 0.32 $ 957,356.93 7%Contractor's fees, overhead, profit 0.18 $ 538,513.27 4%Contingency 0.36 $ 1,077,026.54 8%Total Fixed Capital Investment 4.27 $ 12,774,731.51 100%

CASE 1Heat Transfer Calculations Evaporator #1 Evaporator #2 CrystallizerLiquid Viscosity (cp) 0.335 0.4057 0.4685389Overall Heat transfer Coefficient Ullrich pg 142 704.9 616.8 969.25Overall Heat transfer Coefficient fouling 600 525.010639807 825.010639807Vapour Rate (lb/h) 16266 15297.3333333 593.55Brine Rate (lb/h) 38583 22851.5366667 488.703

Thermodynamic ValuesHeat capacity of Brine (Btu/lb°F) 0.8788 0.9626 0.743035Heat capacity of Superheated Steam (Btu/lb°F) 0.4717 N/A 0.4717Latent Heat of Vapour (Btu/lb) 913.1 985.25 985.25Heat Capacity of Steam Condensate (Btu/lb°F) 1.025 1.003 1.025

TemperaturesSuperheated Vapour 400 N/A 400Tsat Vapour 297.8 193.4 297.8T sub-cooled Vapour 292.8 188.4 292.8T vapour @ Brine Sat 372.2 N/A 381Sub-cooled Brine 187.1 162.9 164.32Tsat Brine 193.4 162.9 171.16

DutiesQ1 (heat steam to Tsat) 213612.5 N/A 2483.8Q2 (For Steam De-superheating) 688238.7 N/A 25114.0Q3 (Vapour Condensing) 14852484.6 15071697.7 584795.1Q4 (Steam Sub-cooling) 83363.2 76716.1 3041.9Total Duty (Btu/hr) 15837699.0 15148413.7933 587837.08125

LMTDTh1 212.9 N/A 235.68Tc1 178.8 N/A 209.84Th2 178.8 N/A 209.84Tc2 104.4 N/A 126.64Tm3 104.4 30.5 126.64Th4 104.4 30.5 126.64Tc4 99.4 25.5 121.64LMTD1 195.354225412 N/A 222.509990413LMTD2 138.280147687 N/a 164.753480085MTD3 104.4 30.5 126.64LMTD4 101.879551837 27.9254364008 124.123216057

AreaA1 1.82243702919 N/A 0.01353009763A2 8.29522178768 N/A 0.1847657555A3 237.108630268 941.226680738 5.59723191149A4 1.36375501752 5.23261273651 0.02970561922Total Area 248.590044103 946.459293475 5.82523338385

Callendria Sizing Evaporator #1 Evaporator #2

Density of Liquid (lb/ft3) 60.96109 63.2Density of Vapour (lb/ft3) 0.0258 0.01352k - Constant (m/s) 0.1 0.1k - (ft/s) 0.32808399 0.32808399Allowable Vapour Velocity (ft/s) 15.9444530557 22.4289412495

Cross Sectional AreaVolumetric Flow Rate (ft^3/s) 169.1252 322.6067Area 10.607149672 14.3835010494Diameter (ft) 3.67497515901 4.27944416109

Vessel Liquid HeightResidence Time (min) 5 5Flowrate from Bottoms (ft^3/min) 6.247 1.8848Volume of Liquid 31.235 9.424Liquid Height (ft) 2.94471191279 0.65519514113

Disengaging Height 3.2808399 3.2808399Demister Length (ft) 0.5 0.5

Height of Separator Section 6.72555181279 4.43603504113

CostingArea (m^2) 23.0947608673 87.9289077417 0.54118165706Cp 14000 57000 9000Fma 9 9 9Cpa 126000 513000 81000Delivery, Freight Tax (8%) 10080 41040 6480Cost of Delivered Equipment $ 136,080.00 $ 554,040.00 $ 87,480.00 Number of evaporators 4 4Total Cost of Evaporators, Delivered $ 2,760,480.00

CASE 2 CASE 5Crystallizer Crystallizer

0.4605492 0.4685389969.25 969.25

825.010639807 825.010639807531.833243 593.55

688.63909 488.702569

0.7828 0.7430350.4717 0.4717985.25 985.25

1.025 1.025

400 400297.8 297.8292.8 292.8

381 381163.98 164.32168.24 171.16

2296.4 2483.7620953622502.7 25113.9848895

523988.7 584795.13752725.6 3041.94375

526714.348036 587837.08125

236.02 235.68212.76 209.84212.76 209.84129.56 126.64129.56 126.64129.56 126.64124.56 121.64

224.188930542 222.509990413167.734943517 164.753480085

129.56 126.64127.043601854 124.123216057

0.01241590477 0.013530097630.16261129298 0.18476575554.90220461805 5.597231911490.02600500863 0.029705619225.10323682442 5.82523338385

V=k √ ρL− ρVρV

Perry's and Kirk-Othmer

0.4741060107 0.541181657068500 9000

9 976500 81000

6120 6480 $ 82,620.00 $ 87,480.00

V=k √ ρL− ρVρV

A=QV

D=√ 4 Aπ

Liquid: Evaporator Recycle WaterViscosity (cP) 0.392Vapour Pressure (Psia) 5Density (lb/ft^3) 63.197Specific Gravity 1.01228576005126Q Flow Rate (gpm) 59

Suction headheight of liquid (ft) 10head of liquid height 10.1228576005126Vessel Pressure (ft) 11.4098216687501hfs (ft) 2.31Suction Head 19.2226792692627

Discharge HeadDischarge Pressure (psia) 13.5discharge head 30.8065185056253vessel height (ft) 13receiver vessel head (ft) 13.1597148806663frictional losses (ft) 2.31Discharge Head 46.2762333862916

Total Dynamic Head 27.053554117029Delta P 11.8553799097162Fluid Power (hp) 0.408090673671679Efficiency of pump 0.6Shaft Power (hp) 0.680151122786131Shaft Power (kW) 0.507188605202274

CostingCp 3000Fma 3.3Fp 1Cpa 9900Delivery, Freight Tax (8%) 792Cost of Delivered Equipment $ 10,692.00

For 4 Recycle Pumps $ 42,768.00

Total Pump Costs $ 108,345.60

Centrifugal radial pumps were chosen because:- they are typically less costly- also require less maintenance and less space

CASE 1Distillate from Evap 1 to Evap 2 5 psia step-up pump Product Charge Pump Recycle Pump

0.325 0.411 0.365 0.46879810 5 10 5

60.961 61.05 60.73 67.64329370.976469646003524 0.977895242671792 0.972769501842063 1.08350622617331

59 93.62 189.8 1.995

10 10 10 109.76469646003524 9.77895242671792 9.72769501842063 10.835062261733123.6566493331802 11.8110810810811 23.7466326362589 10.6598372219713

2.31 2.31 2.31 2.3131.1113457932155 19.280033507799 31.1643276546795 19.1848994837045

10 10 63.5 1023.6566493331802 23.6221621621622 150.791117240244 21.3196744439427

20 0 0 4.2639348887885419.5293929200705 0 0 4.62

2.31 2.31 2.31 2.3145.4960422532507 25.9321621621622 153.101117240244 28.2496744439427

14.3846964600352 6.65212865436315 121.936789585564 9.06477496023826.08061448493453 2.8160540972911 51.3490866066536 4.25183554470911

0.209309366750955 0.153815043517149 5.68614739669945 0.004948898431560.6 1.6 2.6 3.6

0.348848944584925 0.0961344021982179 2.18697976796133 0.001374694008770.260136613324314 0.0716874114140076 1.63083053303535 0.00102510914638

2300 2000 7200 10003.3 3.3 3.3 3.3

1 1 1 17590 6600 23760 3300

607.2 528 1900.8 264 $ 8,197.20 $ 7,128.00 $ 25,660.80 $ 3,564.00

$ 32,788.80

CASE 1 CASE 2 CASE 4Filter Press Pump Recycle Pump Filter Press Pump Disposal Pump

0.5962182 0.4514054 1.063177 0.3925 5 5 5

76.9288832 72.2548614 72.2548614 63.1971.23224224251161 1.15737404132629 1.15737404132629 1.01228576005126

0.179 2.296 0.297 2.256

10 10 10 1012.3224224251161 11.5737404132629 11.5737404132629 10.12285760051269.37315699911266 9.97948769160604 9.97948769160604 11.4098216687501

2.31 2.31 2.31 2.3119.3855794242288 19.2432281048689 19.2432281048689 19.2226792692627

40.5 10 40.5 13.575.9225716928125 19.9589753832121 80.8338503020089 30.8065185056253

0 3.99179507664241 0 00 4.62 0 0

2.31 2.31 2.31 2.3178.2325716928125 26.8889753832121 83.1438503020089 33.1165185056253

58.8469922685837 7.64574727834318 63.90062219714 13.893839236362631.3912336442005 3.83073135346125 32.0159832708087 6.0885435547235

0.0032783143654095 0.00513148143964 0.0055476937172872 0.00801385896117634.6 5.6 6.6 7.6

0.0007126770359586 0.00091633597136 0.0008405596541344 0.00105445512647060.0005314431744917 0.00068331161656 0.0006268052264964 0.0007863070528388

1000 1000 1000 10003.3 3.3 3.3 3.3

1 1 1 13300 3300 3300 3300

264 264 264 264 $ 3,564.00 $ 3,564.00 $ 3,564.00 $ 3,564.00

CASE 5Recycle Pump Disposal Pump

0.468798 0.59621825 5

67.6432937 76.92888321.08350622617331 1.23224224251161

1.995 0.1790 00 0

10 1010.8350622617331 12.322422425116110.6598372219713 9.37315699911266

2.31 2.3119.1848994837045 19.3855794242288

0 00 0

10 13.521.3196744439427 75.92257169281254.26393488878854 0

4.62 02.31 2.31

28.2496744439427 78.2325716928125 at design flowrate0 0

9.0647749602382 58.84699226858374.25183554470911 31.39123364420050.00494889843156 0.0032783143654095

3.6 4.60.00137469400877 0.00071267703595860.00102510914638 0.0005314431744917

0 00 0

1000 1000 Ullrich pg 3903.3 3.3

1 13300 3300

264 264 $ 3,564.00 $ 3,564.00

Assume 1 lb pressure dropRecycle Pump

10 ft

hs=hSS−h fs

hd=hsd+h fd

H=hd−hs

Recycle Pump

10 ft

Filter Press Costs

CASE 1 CASE 2

3.99E-04 6.62E-04

1.13E-05 1.87E-05

0.00075 0.00075 Ulrich: qt from 5E-4*A to 1E-3*A, used middle valueA (m2) 0.0151 0.0250

Feed wt % solids 0.10 0.10Assume 100% solid collectionFinal wt % solids 0.30 0.30

Cp 500 500 Ulrich pg. 395Fma 7.3 7.3Cpa 3650 3650Delivery, Freight Tax (8%) 292 292Cost of Delivered Equipment $ 3,942.00 $ 3,942.00

qt (ft3/s)

qt (m3/s)

qt *A

Ulrich: qt from 5E-4*A to 1E-3*A, used middle value

Ulrich Cost Estimation 1863

97% Case

188.5 188.5 188.5 188.5

5 10 5 10

13.5 13.5 13.5 13.5

440 440 440 440

157 188 157 188

0.0265 0.0531 0.0265 0.0531

2.7 1.35 2.70 1.35

Area Ratio (from Perry's Fig. 10-102) 30 45 32 45

0.6 2.2 0.64 2.20

1.004 3.366 1.071412 3.365659

0.0783 0.0548 0.0235 0.0548R (kJ/kmol.K) 8.314 8.314 8.314 8.314

342 360 342 360M (kg/kmol) 18.02 18.02 18.02 18.02

33.2 3.7 10.0 3.7

2500 1050 1500 1050Fma 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3

8250 3465 4950 3465Delivery, Freight Tax (8%) 660 277.2 396 277.2Cost of Delivered Equipment $ 8,910.00 $ 3,742.20 $ 5,346.00 $ 3,742.20

1855 387 522 387

1855 909 909

Total Ejector Cost $ 36,352.80

mvapinTOT (lb/hr)

1 effect4 trains

1/2 effects4 trains

2/2 effects4 trains

1/2 effects4 trains

psteam (psi)

pvapin (psi)

pvapout (psi)

Tsteam (°F)

Tvapin (°F)

Pressure Ratio (povapin/posteam)

Compression Ratio (posteamout/povapin)

Entrainment Ratio (wb/wa)

corrected wb/wa

mvapin (kg/s)

Tvapin (K)

wfrp (kW)

Cp ($)

Cpa ($) = Cp * FBM

msteamin (lb/hr)

msteaminTOTAL (lb/hr)

w f r p=mi RT 1 p2M p1

lnp2p1

188.5

5

13.5

440

157

0.0265

2.70

32

0.64

1.071412

0.02358.314

34218.02

10.0

15003.3

4950396

$ 5,346.00

522

909

2/2 effects4 trains

Distillate CondenserEvaporator Crystallizerproduct Case 1 Case 2 Case 5

Subcooling(2)Mass flow rate d (lb/hr) 14796.33333 593.55 565.33 593.55Cp 2d (BTU/lb.F°) 1.008 1.008 1.008 1.00830073Td2 in (°F) 162.9 171.16 166.45 171.16Td2 in (°C) 72.72 77.31 74.69 77.3111111Td2 out (°F) 157.1 157.15 157.15 157.15Td2 out (°C) 69.50 69.53 69.53 69.5277778Q2d (BTU/hr) 86513.86507 8384.66133 5300.56792 8384.66133

Q2w (BTU/hr) -86513.8651 -8384.6613 -5300.5679 -8384.66133Mass flow rate w (lb/hr) 320000 12550 11200 12550Cp 2w (BTU/lb.F°) 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02Tw2 out (°F) 120 120 120 120Tw2 out (°C) 48.89 48.89 48.89 48.8888889Tw2 in (°F) 119.7349453 119.345 119.536015 119.345Tw2 in (°C) 48.74 48.52 48.63 48.5249997

Condensing (1)Cp 1w (BTU/lb.F°) 1.014 1.02 1.02 1.02Tw1 in (°F) 72 72 72 72Tw1 in (°C) 22.22 22.22 22.22 22.2222222Tw1 out (°F) 119.7349453 119.345 119.536015 119.345Tw1 out (°C) 48.74163626 48.5249997 48.6311193 48.5249997Q1w (BTU/hr) -15489035 -606063.34 -543051.43 -606063.339

Q1d (BTU/hr) 15489035 606063.339 543051.432 606063.339

Total Duty (BTU/hr) 15575548.91 614448 548352 614448

u1 (BTU/sq.ft.k.hr) 380.4 380.4 380.4 380.4u2 (BTU/sq.ft.k.hr) 285.3 285.3 285.3 285.3

MTD Correction FactorR2 21.88 21.39 20.04 21.39S2 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01FT2 (from graph) 0.98 1.00 1.00 1.00

FT1 (constant) 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

Approach TemperatureΔTh1 (°C) 50.50 55.09 52.47 55.09ΔTc1 (°C) 23.98 28.79 26.06 28.79ΔTh2 (°C) 23.98 28.79 26.06 28.79ΔTc2 (°C) 20.61 20.64 20.64 20.64

Log Mean TemperatureΔTlm1 (°C) 35.61 40.52 37.74 40.52ΔTlm2 (°C) 22.25 24.49 23.25 24.49

A1 (ft2) 1143.45 39.31 37.83 39.31A2 (ft2) 13.90 1.20 0.80 1.20Total Area (m2) 107.56 3.77 3.59 3.77

Cp ($) 11000 2400 2300 2400Fma 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.3Fp 1 1 1 1Cpa $ 80,300.0 $ 17,520.0 $ 16,790.0 $ 17,520.0 Delivery, Freight Tax (8%) 6,424.00 1,401.60 1,343.20 1,401.60 Number of exchangers 4 1 1 1 Cost of Delivered Equipment $ 346,896.0 $ 18,921.6 $ 18,133.2 $ 18,921.6

Cp°F BTU/lb.°F

200 1.005210 1.007212 1.008220 1.01230 1.012240 1.013250 1.015260 1.02270 1.022280 1.025290 1.032300 1.035310 1.04320 1.042330 1.047340 1.052350 1.062360 1.07

160 164.155 161.801.0081 1.008301 1.008178

119.8675 119.6725 119.7681.009716 1.00974 1.009728

95.86747 119.345 119.5361.013761 1.009779 1.009756

180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380

0.96

0.98

1

1.02

1.04

1.06

1.08

f(x) = 1.71148007002863E-06 x² − 0.00057577071110763 x + 1.05288456617603

Column JPolynomial (Column J)

180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380

0.96

0.98

1

1.02

1.04

1.06

1.08

f(x) = 1.71148007002863E-06 x² − 0.00057577071110763 x + 1.05288456617603

Column JPolynomial (Column J)

Cooler to Filter PressCrystallizer

CoolerMass flow rate d (lb/hr) 172.16Cp d (BTU/lb.F°) 1.027Td out (°F) 166.405 CpTd out (°C) 74.67 °F BTU/lb.°FTd in (°F) 86 200 1.005Td in (°C) 30.00 210 1.007Qd (BTU/hr) 14215.9548 212 1.008

220 1.01Q2w (BTU/hr) -14215.955 230 1.012Mass flow rate w (lb/hr) 2125 240 1.013Cp w (BTU/lb.F°) 1.04 250 1.015Tw in (°F) 72 260 1.02Tw in (°C) 22.22 270 1.022Tw out (°F) 77 280 1.025Tw out (°C) 25.00 290 1.032

300 1.035Total Duty (BTU/hr) 14215.9548 310 1.04

320 1.042u (BTU/sq.ft.k.hr) 285.3 330 1.047

340 1.052350 1.062

MTD Correction Factor 360 1.07R2 16.081S2 0.0529633 52.33FT2 (from graph) 0.98 1.026977

Approach Temperature 23.61ΔTh (°C) 5.00 1.039848ΔTc (°C) 52.45

Log Mean TemperatureΔTlm (°C) 20.1871336

Area (ft2) 2.51868311

Cp ($) 2000Fma 7.3Fp 1Cpa $ 14,600.0 Delivery, Freight Tax (8% 1,168.00 Number of exchangers 1 Cost of Delivered Equi $ 15,768.0

180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380

0.96

0.98

1

1.02

1.04

1.06

1.08

f(x) = 1.71148007002863E-06 x² − 0.00057577071110763 x + 1.05288456617603

Column GPolynomial (Column G)

180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380

0.96

0.98

1

1.02

1.04

1.06

1.08

f(x) = 1.71148007002863E-06 x² − 0.00057577071110763 x + 1.05288456617603

Column GPolynomial (Column G)

Non-Condensable Condenser

Evaporator

Subcooling(2)Mass flow rate d (lb/hr) 1863Cp 2d (BTU/lb.F°) 1.015Td2 in (°F) 212.69Td2 in (°C) 100.38Td2 out (°F) 207.69Td2 out (°C) 97.61Q2d (BTU/hr) 9456.0819365

Q2w (BTU/hr) -9456.0819365Mass flow rate w (lb/hr) 40000Cp 2w (BTU/lb.F°) 1.02Tw2 out (°F) 120Tw2 out (°C) 48.89Tw2 in (°F) 119.76823329Tw2 in (°C) 48.76

Condensing (1)Cp 1w (BTU/lb.F°) 1.013Tw1 out (°F) 118.96Tw1 out (°C) 48.31Tw1 in (°F) 73.693850559Tw1 in (°C) 23.16325031 210.19Q1w (BTU/hr) -1834184.3754 1.015146

Q1d (BTU/hr) 1834184.3754 96.326931.013662

SuperheatedMass flow rate d (lb/hr) 1863Cp 2d (BTU/lb.F°) 0.456Td in (°F) 294.04Td in (°C) 145.58Td out (°F) 212.69Td out (°C) 100.38Qd (BTU/hr) 69109.1028

Qw (BTU/hr) -69109.1028Mass flow rate w (lb/hr) 40000Cp w (BTU/lb.F°) 1.02Tw in (°F) 72Tw in (°C) 22.22Tw out (°F) 73.693850559Tw out (°C) 23.16

Total Duty (BTU/hr) 1912749.5601

u (BTU/sq.ft.k.hr) 42.00

u1 (BTU/sq.ft.k.hr) 380.4u2 (BTU/sq.ft.k.hr) 285.3

MTD Correction FactorR2 21.573417127S2 0.0024942134FT2 (from graph) 0.999

FT1 (constant) 1

R 48.026668927S 0.007628583FT (from graph) 0.999

Approach TemperatureΔTh (°C) 123.36ΔTc (°C) 77.22ΔTh1 (°C) 77.22ΔTc1 (°C) 52.07ΔTh2 (°C) 52.07ΔTc2 (°C) 48.72

Log Mean TemperatureΔTlm1 (°C) 98.493505732ΔTlm1 (°C) 63.822534872ΔTlm2 (°C) 50.375819569

A (ft2) 16.722949582A1 (ft2) 75.548949864A2 (ft2) 0.6586001754Total Area (m2) 8.6366635336

Cp ($) 3400Fma 7.3Fp 1Cpa $ 24,820.0 Delivery, Freight Tax (8%) 1,985.60 Number of exchangers 1 Cost of Delivered Equipment $ 26,805.6