Capacity Factor Summary 1. Note: Figure only includes the 20 countries with the most installed wind...

36% 36%

32% 32%30% 30%

28%26% 25%

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40%Capacity Factor SummaryCapacity Factor Summary

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22%D

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Approximate Wind Penetration, end of 2007

Approximate Wind Penetration, end of 2006

Source: Berkeley Lab estimates based on data from BTM Consult and elsewhere

Note: Figure only includes the 20 countries with the most installed wind capacity at the end of 2007

Wind as a Percentage of Electricity Consumption

Source: Wind Powering America update 2-3-09

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Where in AZ?

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Arizona Map

NAU State

NAU Army

NAU Loan

TEP

UWRAP/TEP

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Black & Veatch• Arizona Renewable Energy Assessment, 2007– APS, TEP, SRP– Near term– Transmission >69

kV– Land use– Constructability

• 991 MW

5Source: Arizona Renewable Energy Assessment, Final Report, Project Numbe 145888, Black & Veatch, 2007

Arizona Windy and Developable Potential

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Windy MW 11855 6262 4190 4272 1893 2749 402 501

Developable MW 7168 4841 3126 1116 339 276 56 53

Coconino Navajo Apache Mohave Graham Cochise Yavapai Greenlee

Windy = Class 3 or better

“Developable” = Remove land not suitable for wind development

NAU Wind Assessment

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Construction Phase:• 428 new jobs

• $49.6 M to local economies

Operational Phase:• 15 local jobs

• $3.2 M/yr to local economies

Wind energy’s economic “ripple effect”

Construction Phase = 1-2 yearsOperational Phase = 20+ years

Total economic benefit = $164.9 million

New local jobs during construction = 495

New local long-term jobs = 21 to 30

Direct ImpactsIndirect &

Induced Impacts Totals (construction + 20yrs)

As computed by K. Wadsack at NAU using the NREL “Jobs and Economic Development Impacts” (JEDI) model. Slide from the Wind Powering America update 2-09.

Arizona – Economic Impacts from 100 MW of new wind development in Coconino County


• $32.7 M to local economiesConstruction workers,

management, administrative, gas and gas station workers, etc.

Operational Phase:• 6 to 15 new long-term jobs

• $0.93 M/yr to local economiesO&M Jobs, road maintenance,

hardware store, supply parts, etc.

Supporting businesses, such as

contractors, equipment suppliers of

subcomponents, grocery store clerks,

retail sales, etc.

Wind Energy’s Economic impactsWind Energy’s Economic impactsOn-site direct, off-site direct, Indirect, Induced

Indirect Impacts

These are jobs in and payments made to

supporting businesses, such as bankers

financing the construction, contractor,

manufacturers and equipment suppliers of

subcomponents.

Induced Impacts

These jobs and earnings result from

the spending by people directly and indirectly supported

by the project, including benefits to grocery store clerks,

retail salespeople and child care providers.


On-site Off-site

Construction workers

Management

Administrative support

Boom truck & management, gas and gas station workers, blades and towers & workers

Cement truck drivers, road crews, maintenance workers

Hardware store purchases and workers, spare parts and their suppliers

Direct Impacts

Payments to Landowners: • $2.5 Million/yr

Local Property Tax Revenue:• $4.6 Million/yr


• $133.6 M to local economiesOperational Phase:

• 181 new long-term jobs• $19.3 M/yr to local economies


• $92.7 M to local economies

Operational Phase:• 129 local jobs

• $15.6 M/yr to local economies


Construction Phase = 1-2 yearsOperational Phase = 20+ years

Total economic benefit = $924.3 million

New local jobs during construction = 1,719

New local long-term jobs = 310

Direct Impacts Indirect & Induced Impacts

Totals (construction + 20yrs)

All jobs rounded to the nearest 50 jobs; All values greater than $10 million are rounded to the nearest million

Colorado – Economic Impacts from 1000 MW of new wind development

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Source: Wind Powering America Update, 2-09

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(20

07

$/k

W) Individual Project Cost (253 projects totaling 15.8 GW)

Average Project Cost Polynomial Trend Line

Source: Berkeley Lab database (some data points suppressed to protect confidentiality)

Note: Includes 227 projects built from 1983-2007, totaling ~13 GW (77% of capacity at end of 2007); additional ~2.8 GW of projects proposed for installation in 2008

Increase of ~$700/kW

Installed Project Costs Are On the Rise, After a Long Period of Decline


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Comparative Generation Costs


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Installed Wind Capacity

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United States Europe Rest of World

1. United States: 25,408 MW2. Germany: 23,600 MW3. Spain: 16,000 MW4. India: 9,522 MW5. China: 9,500 MW

Source: WindPower Monthly

World total 2008: 115,254 MW

Total Installed Wind CapacityTotal Installed Wind Capacity

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Total Installed Wind CapacityTotal Installed Wind Capacity


Installed Capacity in US

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Velocity Stream Lines and Terrain Contour

Wind and Saline Water

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Outline• Announcements• Syllabus• Wind Powering America Update• Break• Energy in the Wind• Wind Turbine Technology• Wind Energy Resource• Wind Integration• Wind Modeling

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24swrec.org

Announcements• Arizona Wind Working Group Meeting

– September 10, 10am -12pm at the Drury Inn Conference Facilities

– http://wind.nau.edu/azwwg/ – To register, RSVP to [email protected]

• Tour of Dry Lake Wind Farm: Cost $60. Register at http://swrec.org/tours_and_events.html

• SWREC http://swrec.org/schedule.html • SWREC Volunteer: Contact Karin Wadsack• SWREC Green Jobs Seminar 25

http://wind.nau.edu/azwwg/

mailto:[email protected]

http://swrec.org/tours_and_events.html

http://swrec.org/schedule.html

Syllabus• Handout and discuss

• Text

• Evaluation

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RELATIVE WEIGHT

Project 40 %

Homework 30%

Exams 30 %

Total 100%

~ 690 Cholla Power Plants

How Much Energy Does the USA Use?

Environment

Communities

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Recent Wind Speed Map

Wind Speed Data

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Wind Anemometry Data• Wind speed data taken by anemometers

on tall towers (30 m to 60 m)

• 1-second data, averaged over 10-minutes with a standard deviation (i.e., turbulence)

• Wind direction vane

• Cup Anemometers at multiple heights

• Data loggers

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Arizona Wind Datahttp://wind.nau.edu/anemometer/wind_data.shtml

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Wind Development

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Capacity Factor Summary 1. Note: Figure only includes the 20 countries with the most installed wind...

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Transcript of Capacity Factor Summary 1. Note: Figure only includes the 20 countries with the most installed wind...