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Capacitive Deionization to Reduce Fukushima Water Volume

By

Marc AndelmanMespilus inc.1 Parkton Ave, Worcester, MA USA 01605Tel 508 852 5007 e mail mespilus@charter.net Skype “deeringothamnus”

Ideal Goal:

Reduce large volume of liquid waste into a small amount of solid waste.

But, there are problems with existing methods Cesium technology works well Strontium does not; generating large amount of solid sludge, and,

waste water. New methods under development

Immediate Need to

Significantly Reduce the Volume of Water!

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Capacitive Deionization is a commercially available high water recovery technology

Potential uses: to boost overall recovery, to reduce solid waste, as a retrofit to improve existing processes .

Question: Is it possible that high enough recovery can open up new possibilities an option for solidification?

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Would Stakeholders be Interested in a Proposalto increase overall recovery by use of capacitive

deionization?

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Capacitive Deionization

ReverseO sm osis

1000ppm

> or =10,000 ppm

< or =100 ppm

? ppm

+-0 ppm

Upstream case: CDI takes total dissolved solids load off of the RO to increase overall recovery.

Question, how does RO recovery improve with reduced feed solute load?

Or: CDI used downstream, to Recycle RO Reject

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• Worst case example: If RO is 75% recovery, a 50% CDI recovery would still increase recovery to 85%.

• The lower the RO recovery, the more the improvement with CDI, for example, RO 50% recovery to >83%

• Depending upon feed conditions, and pending field testing, these numbers could be conservative. CDI recovery can be over 90% with dilute brackish feed.

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Capacitive Deionization: Will provide high water recovery to reduce liquid waste volume.

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How does it work? Anions and Cations

Ca CO3

Mg CO3

M X

H2O

Apply only 1.2 Volts

Ca CO3

Mg CO3

M X

Power Supply

- +H2O

Discharge Voltage and Flush

Ca CO3

Mg CO3

M X

H2O

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Major Operational Difference Between Capacitive Deionization and RO or ED

• Does not form a sustained concentrate

• Therefore, is intrinsically higher recovery

• 90% or greater recovery of low concentration water

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History of Technology

First worked on in1960-1970’s

Commercialized versions invented by Marc Andelman, holder of over 30 issued patents, including “charge barrier” membrane version

Large Equipment commercially available, from Netherlands, Korea, and China

Recommended Next Steps

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Select and purchase of small scale equipment for drop or as soon as possible shipment.

Obtain necessary field data through testing

Negotiate and design purchase of large scale equipment as soon as possible

Liaison with vitrification, evaporation, and other experts to explore new opportunities in waste solidification as a result of low liquid waste volume.

Technical issues?

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Best use is for fairly brackish waterRadioactive Cesium, Strontium, and other

radionuclides should work fine.Performance with minor radionuclides needs to be

assessedStability problems due to materials and radiation need

to assessed

Further Steps: Parallel R&D on next generation

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The next version of the technology (WO2012129532) Polarized Electrode Flow Through Capacitor- Marc Andelman

Membrane-less: less expensiveWorks without ion exchange membrane, the most expensive part.

Possibility to be more water and energy efficient at higher concentrations, greater resistance to radiation.