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Canine coronavirus
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Transcript of Canine coronavirus
Canine Coronavirus
Khalila WilliamsShow and Tell 2014
Definition and History
AKA: Canine Coronaviral Gastroenteritis
Canine Enteric Coronavirus; Type 2 CCoV
Highly contagious intestinal disease
First discovered in German military working dog in 1971.
Similar to the virus causing FIP in cats.
Within 10 years, the virus had spread
worldwide.
Etiology
Family: Coronaviridae Genus: Alphacoronavirus
Enveloped ssRNA virus, “crown-like apperance
Primarily infects GI tract and URT of mammals and birds
Humans: the “common cold,” SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome)
Dogs: primarily affects small intestine
Puppies < 6 weeks
Canine Respiratory Coronavirus
Canine Respiratory Coronavirus
Shown to cause respiratory disease in dogs
Referred to as Type 1 CCoV
First isolated in 2003 in England Found in the lung tissues of affected dogs Similar to strain OC43 of bovine and human
coronaviruses Also isolated on European mainland and Japan Dogs in US and Canada have been found to
have antibodies
Canine coronavirus antigen isolated in canine lung tissue (Wikipedia.com)
Pathogenesis
Fecal to Oral transmission
Virus enters through the GI, invades and replicates in the villi of of the small intestine
Infects cells covering the upper 2/3 of small intestine
Infected villi become damaged and blunted to such an extent that the small intestine cannot absorb nutrients
www.danics.com.au
Clinical Signs Incubation period = 1-3 days
Sudden onset: vomiting, diarrhea, depression
Dehydration, anorexia
Blood or mucous in feces (melena), fetid odor
Low grade fever often observed
Inflammation is generally complete within 1 week, so overall disease is normally mild
Concurrent infections can greatly increase severity (Parvovirus)
ocw.tufts.edu
ocw.tufts.edu
Microscopic Lesions
Diagnosis
Diagnosis: Antigen detection ELISA, Rapid test available: Ubio quickVET CCV
Electron microscopy examination of fecal material OR examination of small bowel from deceased dog. Deepening of crypts Atrophy and fusion of villi of SI
CCV Ag Rapid Tests
Easy to use by breeders and vets
Can be adapted for kennel management
Lateral flow immunochromatography tests
Tests results in 10 minutes
Detects virus from appearance of 1st symptoms
Results are comparable to PCR
Differential Diagnosis
Canine Parvovirus
Infectious Canine Hepatitis
Pancreatitis/Gastritis/Gastroenteritis
Different infectious etiologies that affect the GI
Characteristics of Disease
Most cases usually mild CS
Fatalities are RARE
Puppies under 6 weeks most vulnerable
Weakens defenses to fight off other pathogens Parvovirus
Not life-threatening alone, but simultaneous infection may approach 90% mortality
Treatment and Prevention
No cure, treat symptomatically
IV fluid replacement to treat vomiting/diarrhea for cases
Prevention = Vaccination and Sanitation! Clean kennels Virus easily killed by common disinfectants (unlike
Parvo)
Vaccine available: Da2PPCV Dogs with high exposure: ie show dogs Begin at 6 weeks of age
References
Beers MH, Porter RS, Jones TV, Kaplan JL, Berkwits M (eds). The Merck Veterinary Manual, 10th Ed. Merck & Co., In., 2010.
Bonagura, John D. "Kirk's Current Veterinary Therapy XIV, 14th ed. St. Louis Missouri: Saunders, 10 July 2008. Print.
Ettinger, S. J., and E. J. Feldman. Veterinary Internal Medicine. 7th ed. 2. St. Louis, Missouri: Saunders Elsevier, 2010. Print.
McGavin MD and Zachary JF. Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease, 5th ed. (2011), Mosby. Print
Thank you!
Any Questions?!?!?
Question #1
Where in the body does Coronavirus have an affinity?
A. Lungs
B. Stomach
C. Small Intestine
D. Colon
Question #2
What is the most common histological lesion seen with canine enteric coronavirus?
A. Necrosis of peyers patches in the ileum.
B. Focal hemorrhagic lesions in the colon.
C. Blunting of the villi in the small intestine.
D. No obvious lesions are usually seen.
Question #3
What is the best way to prevent infection with coronavirus?
A. Keep puppies away from affected dogs
B. Treat exposed dogs prophylactically with antibiotics
C. Vaccination and proper sanitation
D. No known way to control/prevent this disease