Cancer’s Impact on the Family & Caregivers: Enhancing Well ......Take care of the caregiver...
Transcript of Cancer’s Impact on the Family & Caregivers: Enhancing Well ......Take care of the caregiver...
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Frances Marcus Lewis, PhD
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
& SCCA
November 16, 2013
Cancer’s Impact on the Family
& Caregivers: Enhancing Well-
being for the Holidays & Beyond
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“Stuck Points”
Where do families commonly
get “stuck” with the cancer?
Part I: Naming the natural “stuck points”
affecting all families
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Cancer is a personal experience for the family, not a medical event.
Wimberly et al, 2005
Stressors & threat activate
interpretive processes in CNS.
CNS triggers fight-or-flight in
autonomic nervous system (ANS)
or defeat-withdrawal thru HPA. Antoni et al, 2006
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Holidays and Families: Naming the
“stuck points”
Cancer can take over….and
before you know it, you have
given up your life as a couple
or a family.
Holidays invite us to take our
family back to the primacy
they deserve!
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Stuck Points with Children
When a mother is newly diagnosed with cancer, the
majority (81%) of children will worry that their mother
will die from the disease, even when it is diagnosed at
an early stage. Zahlis, 2001
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Stuck Points with Children
“Well, at times I was really scared.
And I remember sometimes
crying and like…sometimes, she
was really sick…And I didn’t
want my mom to pass away.”
f-8yr/11yr
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Stuck Points with Children
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Stuck Points with Children
“Well, at times I was really scared.
And I remember sometimes
crying and like…sometimes, she
was really sick…And I didn’t
want my mom to pass away.”
f-8yr/11yr
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Stuck Points with Parenting
“I was aware of the fact that the
kids’ emotional needs had to
take second place to mine and
that was hard. With the
fatigue, I just didn’t have
enough energy to listen.”
Patient/Mother
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Maternal and Paternal Depressed Mood and
Adolescent Adjustment to Maternal Cancer
Neither Parent
Depressed
One Parent
Depressed
Both Parents
Depressed
Measures of Adolescent
Adjustment
N=29 N=37 N=21
M SD M SD M SD
CBCL Total Behavior
Problems 44.28 12.25 47.38 11.38 52.10 9.34*
CBCL Externalizing 46.14 10.52 48.16 9.60 52.10 9.19
CBCL Internalizing 47.31 11.50 48.86 11.04 53.48 9.52
Rosenberg Low Self-Esteem 1.73 0.32 1.66 0.44 1.50 0.48
STAI-Y Trait Anxiety 37.10 6.47 36.30 8.33 34.76 11.69
*F(2,84)=2.91, p=.06; Newman-Keuls range test, groups significantly different at
p<.05; Both Parents > Neither Parent
Lewis & Darby, 2004
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Stuck Points in Spouse
“I think it has affected me not only emotionally,
when we first heard….but it had a physical
effect on me, too. I think I’ve lost some hair
over it...I just felt tired and no energy. Maybe
that was depression.”
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Predictors of Spouses’ Depressed Mood Overall Model F-Statistic 16.32; p<.001 Adjusted R-square 0.50
Std. Beta t-statistic p-value Covariates
Spouse Age 0.08 1.30 .196
Spouse Years Education -0.15 -2.71 .007
Years Married -0.05 -0.82 .415
Adolescent child in home 0.01 0.11 .915
Active treatment 0.001 0.02 .988
Treatment complexity -0.03 -0.44 .663
Surgery type -0.13 -2.24 .03
Sought counseling -0.06 -1.18 .239
Independent variables
Spouse SPANIER total -0.28 -4.78 <.001
Job-related concerns* 0.28 4.63 <.001
Concern for wife 0.15 2.44 .016
Feeling excluded med team 0.11 2.14 .034
Illness-related uncertainty -0.26 -4.15 <.001
* Transformed variable: ln (job-related concerns + 1)
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Stuck Points with Couples
“I feel as though I’m not
necessarily…
I’m not doing the job
that I’m here to do,
to help her and
protect her, sometimes.” Spouse of patient
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Stuck Points with Couples
“I have to spend a certain amount of time kind of stifling
what would be an outward reaction when she kind of
just throws it at me. And I think that’s her way of
dealing with it. And when I say throws it at me, just…
‘This is how I’m feeling.’ It’s almost the one place
where I don’t have a pocket for it…I don’t have a place.
Maybe my shoulders aren't big enough. ”
Spouse of patient
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Stuck Points with Couples
Feeling nailed by the cancer:
feeling helpless to save their wife;
lacking sleep because of supporting
her; being overwhelmed with her
emotions and how to support her
Zahlis & Lewis, 2010
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Stuck Points with Couples
“Our relationship has changed since
the cancer….It’s like everything else
takes priority over us spending time
together, just the two of us.”
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Stuck Points with Couples
“We fight more, argue more.
Any little thing whatever, upsets
her, which is just about
anything.”
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“Stuck Points”
Part II: Naming what helps families get
“unstuck.”
Goal: to be healthy for the holidays and beyond
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Put the cancer on the table, not under it.
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Check in the with the children about how
things are going for them about the
cancer.
Cancer is a dynamic illness, not
a static disease. Families
benefit when they have
“kitchen table” talks with
each other on a regular basis.
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Balance talking about the cancer without
dwelling on it.
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Take care of the caregiver
Recognize caregiver’s care….Use magic words like,
Thank you….So appreciate….
When you recognize the caregiver’s care, it positively
affects the caregiver’s ability to cope.
Stajduhar et al., 2008
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Be A Special Kind of Listener
for Each Other
Use “check in” questions with each other:
How are you doing with this? How is it
going for you?
Stop rolling the “fix it” tape in your head
when listening. Give your full attention
to what is being said.
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Check in with each other: How are you doing with
this…? Listen quietly & attentively.
Stop “rolling a tape” that is in your head.
Do not judge what is being said.
Do not try to problem-solve or “fix things.”
Respond to thoughts and feelings; do not try
to redirect them.
Directly ask each other: What can I do to better support you?
Lewis, et al, 2008
Be A Special Kind of Listener
for Each Other
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Scott, et al. 2004
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Protect Your Self-care
Give yourself 15 minutes a day
minimum for decompressing
and self-care.
Self-care is not selfish!
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Balance Family Life with the Cancer
Protect family rituals & traditions
Create new traditions
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Balance Family Life with Cancer
Take a “vacation” from the
cancer
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Build in intentional fun.
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Laugh whenever possible!
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The ultimate goal is to celebrate the holidays as a family. The family is
much more than the cancer!