Cancer Management.pptx

7/28/2019 Cancer Management.pptx

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Prepared by: Agbulos, Cabanag, Castro, Fernandez,Lagos, Lavador, Quijano, Tugano


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Prostate Cancer

Note: Prostate Cancers require testosterone to grow orspread.

Surgery

*Prostatectomy Surgically removing the prostate and isuseful for cancer that is confined to the prostate.

*Bilateral Orchiectomy The oldest form of hormonal

therapy by which both the testes are removed. It greatlyslows the growth of prostate cancer but produces theside effects of low testosterone.


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Prostate Cancer

Medical

*Leuprolide and Goserelin drugs that prevent the

pituitary glands from stimulating the testes to make

testosterone

*Anti-androgens: Flutamide, Bicalutamide,

Nilutamide drugs that block testosterones effects.


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Prostate Cancer

Radiation Therapy

*May cure cancers that are confined to the prostate,

as well as cancers that have invaded tissues around

the prostate ( but not cancer that has spread to

distant organs)

*It can relieve pain resulting from the spread of

prostate cancer to the bone but cannot cure thecancer itself


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Cervical Cancer

Surgery

*Loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP): A

treatment that uses electrical current passed through athin wire loop as a knife to remove abnormal tissue orcancer.

*Cryosurgery: A treatment that uses an instrument tofreeze and destroy abnormal tissue, such as carcinoma insitu. This type of treatment is also called cryotherapy.

*Radical trachelectomy . This removes the cervix, part ofthe vagina, and the pelvic lymph nodes (lymph nodedissection). But the uterus is left in place.


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Cervical Cancer

*Hysterectomy with or without removal of the

ovaries. This removes the cervix and related organs

where recurrence would be most likely.

Radiation therapy

*Uses high energy x-rays to kill cancer cells. These x-

rays can be given externally in a procedure that is

much like having a diagnostic x-ray. This is called

external beam radiation therapy. This treatment

usually takes 6 to 7 weeks to complete.


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Cervical Cancer

*Brachytherapy, or internal radiation therapy are used

to treat cervical cancer in women who have had a

hysterectomy, the radioactive material is placed in acylinder in the vagina.

Medical

*Alkylating Agent: These drugs modify the bases ofDNA, interfering with DNA replication and

transcription (Cisplatin, Mitomycin, Ifosfamide)


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Cervical Cancer

*Antimetabolites: These drugs ultimately interfere

with DNA replication and therefore cell division.

(5-Fluorouracil)


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Intervention:

* Encourage the patient to urinate every 2-4 hours and

when it suddenly felt.

* Observation of the flow of urine, note the size and

strength.

* Percussion / palpation of the suprapubic area.

*Encourage fluid intake to 3000 ml per day.

* Monitor vital signs closely

* Collaboration in the provision of drugs.


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Intervention:

* Ensure adequate fluid hydration but limit fluids at

mealtime.* Necessary to eliminate wastes yet too much fluid can lead to early

satiety.

*Advise family to serve patients favourite foods.

* Enhances appetite.

*Encourage frequent oral hygiene.

* Reduces unpleasant mouth sensation after drug therapy.

*Provide pain relief measures as necessary.

* Increases comfort.


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*Encourage nutritional supplements and high-proteinfoods.

*Adds protein and calories to meet nutritionalrequirements.

*Encourage family and friends not to nag or cajolepatient about eating.

*Pressuring patient may cause conflict and unnecessary

stress.*Administer appetite stimulants as prescribed.

* Improves appetite.


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I: Promote good handwashing procedures by staff and visitors.Screen/limit visitors who may have infections. Place in reverseisolation as indicated.

R: Protects patient from sources of infection, such as visitors and staffwho may have an upper respiratory infection (URI).

I: Emphasize personal hygiene.

R: Limits potential sources of infection and/or secondary overgrowth

I: Reposition frequently; keep linens dry and wrinkle-free.R: Reduces pressure and irritation to tissues and may prevent skinbreakdown (potential site for bacterial growth)


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I: Promote adequate rest/exercise periods

R: Limits fatigue, yet encourages sufficient movement to

prevent stasis complications, e.g., pneumonia, decubitus,and thrombus formation.

I: Monitor temperature.

R: Temperature elevation may occur because of various

factors, e.g.,chemotherapy side effects, disease process,or infection. Early identification of infectious processenables appropriate therapy to be started promptly.


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I: Monitor CBC with differential WBC and granulocyte count, andplatelets as indicated.

R: Bone marrow activity may be inhibited by effects of chemotherapy,

the disease state, or radiation therapy.

I: Administer antibiotics as indicated.

R: May be used to treat identified infection or given prophylactically inimmunocompromised patient.

I: Promote adequate rest/exercise periodsR: Limits fatigue, yet encourages sufficient movement to preventstasis complications, e.g., pneumonia, decubitus, and thrombusformation.


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*Encourage rest periods during the day especiallybefore and after physical exertion.

* Conserves energy.

*Promote patients normal sleep habits.

* Helps restore energy levels.

*Encourage patient to ask for others assistance withnecessary chores.

* Conserves energy.

*Encourage use of relaxation techniques such asmusic therapy and mental imagery.

* Decreases physical fatigue.


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*Encourage adequate protein and caloric intake.

*Decreases activity intolerance.

*Instruct on how to do ROM exercises as

tolerated.

*To avoid joint stiffness and promote circulation.

*Assist in rearranging schedule and organizeactivities to conserve energy expenditure.

*Reduces energy loses and stressors.


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I: Provide open, nonjudgmental environment. Use therapeuticcommunication skills of Active-Listening, acknowledgment,and so on.

R: Promotes and encourages realistic dialogue about feelingsand concerns.

I: Encourage verbalization of thoughts/concerns and acceptexpressions of sadness, anger, rejection.

R: Acknowledge normality of these feelings. Patient may feelsupported in expression of feelings by the understanding thatdeep and often conflicting emotions are normal andexperienced by others in this difficult situation.

Cancer Management.pptx

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