Visual Analytics: An explorationPresentation on Ideation of cancer informatics representation

By – Rupam and linu

Big DataIt is used to describe a massive volume of both structured and unstructured data that is so large that it's difficult to process using traditional database and software techniques.

Big data analytics refers to the process of collecting, organizing and analyzing large sets of data to discover patterns and other useful information. Enterprises are increasingly looking to find actionable insights into their data.

Many big data projects originate from the need to answer specific business questions. With the right big data analytics platforms in place, an enterprise can boost sales, increase efficiency, and improve operations, customer service and risk management.

Big Data Analytics

As information technology becomes an integral part of health care, it is important to collect and analyze data in a way that makes the information understandable and useful.

This big data surge presents many challenges around data quality; moving/managing big data sets; reduction of large sets of genes to find biomarkers; making sense out of the data in a repeatable manner; integration of clinical data with molecular/genomic data for the purpose of analytics, and scalable analysis.

Need for Informatics

These are the inferences we gathered from the current model:

• Circle divided into arcs and colors.• Bevier curves representing each arcs with color.• Dot graph provides population density.• Circle with big strokes filters the incoming and

outgoing curves.• Outermost circle(one with speedometric lines)

dividing the circles into numbers.• Bar histograms depicts SNP count.

Current Model

Why not show data relevant to the task at hand?Why can’t the data be presented more realistically rather than in abstract format?Why shouldn’t the screen layout change rather than keeping it in static circular format (layover, clouds, threads, n dimension axis)?Why not make it easier for even non researchers, practitioners, doctors and patients to understand?Can we make the interaction more intuitive and natural? Why not consider touch as mode of interaction ?Can we build in ways to filter out specific chromosomes, DNA’s, and base pairs and remove rest of data? Can we help convert data to information? Possible to add semantics to the relationships of base pairs?Why not enable multimodal search (text, nos., zoom, click etc.) within the data for expert users?Facilitate tools to dig data ?Navigation and Walkthroughs?

What more can be done?

• Dimensionality of the data: • Chromosomal data = 12-15 dimensions• Patient data = 5-10 dimensions• Researchers data = 5-10 dimensions• Diagnostic data = 4-10 dimensions

We are dealing with 30-50 dimensions of each data node (base pairs) to be presented to a user.There has to be facility to search for correlations within 50 dimensions !What’s the way? Human can at best see.. 3 dimensions… OK lets add sound and movement .. 5 dimensions!How do we do that? Visualization beyond 3D is not possible.. We will have to be selective in displays at a time.

Day dreaming about the setup?

Data Visualization Patterns and Examples

Data in polygon of n dimension. Each side will indicate a pattern and they will be interlinked with the help of straight and translucent lines.

Polygonal Structure

Application ex:

For Smaller sets of categories, we can change the layout to something like no. of categories=no. sided polygon

N Dimensional IllustrationData in n dimensional illustrations.When vast amount of data is illustrated, each data has many patterns passing through its location due to which finding the that particular data is very tough. In that case n-dimensional illustrations are very useful for visualization.

AGE

GENDER

DISEASE

PATIENTS

NATIONALITY

GENOLOGY

ETHNICITY

FILTERS

AGESETTINGS

AGE

AGE

SETTINGS

Cell and all the constituents will be shown and the user will zoom more into the pattern and upto the deepest level to seek information.

Cell Structure

This model is based on cell structure where we can have animation and 3d visual graphics to make things interesting, that way we can keep users engaged, intrigued and absorbed.

Here the cell is bounded by a circle having all the constituent chromosome. We can scroll towards the nucleus to see the individual chromosome or a set of chromosomes(like 2, 5 etc) in that boundary.

In this each of the chromosome is tagged with a particular color and the same color is flanked by the arc outside, which will show the information about it.

The particular chromosome will pop out of the screen after selection where we can show various information and data related to gene. In this way one can use the scroll button to zoom more into the gene to see the area of defect like the SNPs.

In this model the single chromosome having marked with genes having high probability of SNPs are marked, which will be connected with the arcs that are protruding that particular portion of gene to the chromosome where it has been linked.

Further one can find various information related to the concerned cancer in the pop-up box near the marked gene. Here the color of the chromosome that is in the center will be same as the arc that has been colored to show the correlation between the objects.

In this the chromosome will be towards the periphery where the same chromosomal arc . From here the bending arcs from the smaller circle will connect to various other arcs which depicts other chromosome.

Actual DNA structure along with the corresponding information can be shown to make user explore it while scrolling and zooming.

Helical structure

Application ex:

In this model the whole circle can be inserted in the chromosome in which we can provide with the levels of information with the help scrolling, where we can zoom deeper into the chromosome as well as move along it to find high density SNP region.

Data can be mapped as a physical map to make user explore the given visual

Map

This type of chart displays the contribution of each value to a total while emphasizing individual values.

Exploding circle , Sphere

Application ex:

Here we could use selection as a way to explode the circle and maybe to view info on it.

Sphere which will have various histograms and data embedded on the surface of the sphere which will explode further to showcase much deeper information.

3D circle

Application ex:

User will zoom into the different categories of elements that will be provided to them and will explore it to its limits.

Universe model

They can be used to make comparisons between different variables effectively which will clearly show trends in data. We can give various shapes to the bar like Cylinder, Cone, or Pyramid charts.

Bar Graph

Intensity and probability information can be shown as dot graph with visual graphics.

Dot Graph

Wave will denote the information of the respective pattern and will show the fluctuations among the variables

Wave graph

This type of chart displays trends over time or categories. It is also available with markers displayed at each data value. With line graphs we can show the variations of data along with Patterns unfolding alongside.

Line Graph

Here data is represented by colors. It provides an immediate visual summary of information. It will also allow the viewer to understand complex data sets.

Terrain and Heat Maps

And Many Many More…….