Cancer

CANCERTHE BIG “C”

OUR NATION’S SECOND LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH

REFERENCE: TEXTBOOK PAGE 365

CANCER DEFINED

CANCER IS A GROUP OF DISEASES CHARACTERIZED BY UNCONTROLLED GROWTH & SPREAD OF ABNORMAL CELLS; IT STARTS WITH THE ABNORMAL GROWTH OF ONLY ONE CELL

GROWTH STAGES OF CANCER

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CANCER

UNDERSTANDING

Normal Cell Reproduction

Our bodies contain some 100 trillion cells; cells

reproduce to replace & restore old/decrepit tissue

the nucleus of each cell contains the genetic

materials, dna & rna WHICH CONTROLS & REGULATES

CELL REPRODUCTION

oncoGenes & suppressor genes are found inside

dna and work together in cell reproduction

Dna molecules are replicated exactly during cell division

in THE few instances dna moleculeS ARE not replicated exactly, specialized enzymes ACT swiftly TO REPAIR

Oncogenes initiate cell division;

Suppressor genes deactivate the process of cell

division


ABNORMAL CELL REPRODUCTION

When the body is exposed to external factors like

chemicals, radiation, & viruses; & internal factors like hormones, immune conditions,

and genetic mutations

Oncogenes and supporessor genes become defective & lose their ability to control/regulate cell

reproduction

Cell division is disrupted

Mutant, or cancerous,

cells can develop


The mutated cells may start to grow continuously to develop an abnormal mass of tissue called a tumor.

TUMORS CAN BE:BENIGN- NONCANCEROUS;

CAN INTEREFERE WITH BODILY FUNCTIONS, BUT DO NOT INVADE OTHER TISSUES

ORMALIGNANT- CANCEROUS;

CAN INVADE ANY TISSUE OR ORGAN IN THE BODY

REFERENCE: TEXTBOOK PAGE 365 Photo credit: http://cv-mrsdabbs.wikispaces.com

Cell divisions cause chromosomes to lose telomeres.

The loss of telomeres is vital to rid the body of the old/damaged cell

The cell divides multiple times until there are no longer any telomeres present


PROCESS OF CELL DIVISIONMA STRAND OF MOLECULES AT

BOTH ENDS OF A CHROMOSOME

Abnormal Cell Division Tumors produce telomerase, an enzyme

that keeps telomeres from completely deteriorating.

This allows the damaged cell to reproduce indefinitely to produce a…..


Malignant Tumor

A.K.A.

CANCER

CARCINOMA IN SITU:A MALIGNANT TUMOR COVERED IN A

PROTECTED COATING PREVENTING THE

SPREAD OF CANCER. AT THIS STAGE, CANCER HAS MULTIPLIED INTO

BILLIONS IF LEFT UNDETECTED, THE TUMOR WILL HAVE

BEEN PROVIDED WITH THE OXYGEN AND NUTRIENTS NEEDED TO SPREAD

SOME CANCER CELLS WILL BEGIN PRODUCING CHEMICALS TO ENHANCE ANGIOGENESIS INTO THE TUMOR, OR THE FORMATION OF BLOOD VESSELS.


METASTASIS:THE MOVEMENT OF CELLS THROUGHOUT

THE BODY Angiogenesis is the predecessor of metastasis

At this point, cancerous cells can break away from the malignant tumor and spread throughout the body


Photo credit: http://beauchemin.wikispaces.com/Cell+Cycle

ONE COMMON SITE OF CANCER:

ORAL CANCER

AFFECTS THE LIPS, MOUTH, TONGUE, SALIVARY GLANDS,

PHARYNX, LARYNX, AND FLOOR OF THE MOUTH.

REFERENCE: TEXTBOOK PAGE 389PHOTO CREDIT: Klaus D. Peter, Gummersbach, Germany

PHOTO CREDIT: Creative Commons / bionerd

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Enigma51





WARNING SIGNS SORE IN THE MOUTH THAT DOESN’T HEAL WHITE PATCHES OR LUMP IN MOUTH PROBLE,S WITH CHEWING/SWALLOWING FEELING AS IF THERE IS “SOMETHING”

STUCK IN THROAT

GET EVALUATED BY A PHYSICIAN OR DENTIST IF YOU EXPERIENCE ANY OF THESE SYMPTOMS!!!!

3 FACTORS THAT COULD HAVE LED TO THE PREVENTION OF THIS CANCER:

1. AVOID ALCOHOL, OR CONSUME IN MODERATION.HEAVY ALCOHOL AND SMOKING COMBINED CAN INCREASE YOUR RISK FOR MOUTH, THROAT, LARYNX, ESOPHAGUS, AND

LIVER CANCER 15 FOLD!AS LITTLE AS ONE DRINK PER DAY INCREASES A

WOMEN’S RISK BY 13%


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REFERENCE: TEXTBOOK PAGE

2. COMPLETELY ABSTAIN FROM SMOKING!!!!

OR STOP SMOKING IF YOU ARE!!!SMOKING IS RESPONSIBLE FOR 470,000

UNNECESSARY DEATHS IN THE U.S. AND 170,000 LUNG CANCER-RELATED DEATHS

SMOKING CONTRIBUTES TO 15 ADDITIONAL TYPES OF CANCER: ORAL, LIP, NASAL, PHARYNGEAL, LARYNGEAL, ESOPHAGEAL, UTERINE, STOMACH, AND PANCREATIC CANCER

LIFE EXPECTANCY FOR A CHRONIC SMOKER IS ROUGHLY 15 YRS SHORTER THAN A NON-SMOKER

3. HEALTHY DIET/PHYSICALLY ACTIVE 1/3 OF ALL CANCER IS RELATED TO POOR NUTRITION INCREASE CRUCIFEROUS VEGETABLES(BROCCOLI,

CAULIFLOWER, CABBAGE, BRUSSEL SPROUTS, & KOHLRABI), GREEN & DARK YELLOW VEGETABLES, BEANS (LEGUMES)

EAT MORE BRIGHTLY COLORED FRUITS & VEGGIES CONTAIN CAROTENOIDS WHICH HAVE BEEN SHOWN TO LOWER THE RISK OF CERTAIN CANCERS

GET YOUR VITAMINS & MINERALS FROM WHOLE FOOD SOURCES; AVOID NUTRIENT SUPPLEMENTS

SERIOUSLY LIMIT SUGAR & HIGH-SUGAR FOODS EXERCISE STRENGTHENS/IMPROVES THE BODY’S

AUTOIMMUNE SYSTEM IN WHICH GROWING EVIDENCE SUGGESTS PLAYS A ROLE IN THE PREVENTION OF CANCER

REFERENCE: TEXTBOOK PAGE 370-376

STOP CANCER!! CALL TO ACTION: 2 RISK FACTORS THAT CAN HELP PREVENT

CANCER…TODAY

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ASSESS YOUR RISK OF CANCER AND MINIMIZE ALL EXTERNAL FACTORS AS BEST AS YOU CAN:1. STOP SMOKING NOW!!2. LIMIT ALCOHOL, BETTER YET, DON’T DRINK!!

Reference: Hoeger & Hoeger (12th edition) Lifetime Physical Fitness & Wellness

CHECK OUT THIS BOOK FOR MORE INFORMATION REGARDING YOUR OVERALL HEALTH & WELLNESS WHICH CONTAINS PLENTY OF

HEALTH/SELF ASSESSMENTS TO HELP IMPROVE YOUR LIFE AND MINIMIZE

RISK FACTORS

YOU DESERVE A LIFETIME OF WELLNESS

Cancer

Health & Medicine

Transcript of Cancer