Canadian Wildland Fire Monitoring System...

COM DEV INTERNATIONAL

Canadian Wildland Fire Monitoring System (CWFMS)

Jeffrey Cain, Ph.D., P.Eng. COM DEV International

Feb 2nd, 2016

1st Canadian SmallSat Symposium Toronto, Canada


Acknowledgements •  Thepresenterwouldliketoacknowledgethecontributionsof

theentireCWFMSmicrosatelliteteamwhichincludesrepresentativesfromallofthefollowingorganizations

•  TheCWFMSmissionstudyisfundedbytheCanadianSpaceAgencywithNGCAerospaceastheprimecontractor


Canadian Wildlands •  Canadacontains28%oftheworld’sborealzoneandapproximately410

millionhectaresofforestsandwoodlands•  Onaverage,therehasbeenanincreaseinthefrequencyandintensityof

forestfiresoverthepast30years•  Continuedglobalwarmingoftheborealregionwillmakethistrendworse•  Inaddition,therearenewtypesoffuelbeingcreatedinCanadadueto

issueslike–  Treemortalityfromtheexpansionofinsects

–  Thawingpeatlands

Forest composition across Canada. 2014. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Ottawa


Canadian Wildland Fires •  Canadianforests’intense,fast-spreadingwildfireshavealargeimpacton

theCanadianeconomyandthewell-beingofCanadians:–  Significanthealthandsafetyhazards:

•  thedestructionofcommunitiesandindustrialactivities;•  smokecantravelgreatdistancesandseverelydegradeairquality

–  Approximately$1billionyearlytomanage;•  Includingdetection,suppressionandevacuationofcommunities


A snapshot from last year •  Duringthepeakburningmonths(May–Sept)weeklysituationreportsare

filed.•  ThereportfromSept2ndstatesthattherewere

–  77newfires•  Oftheexisting,activefires

–  20uncontrolled–  131controlled–  261modifiedresponse

•  Therehadbeen6,669firestodate

–  10yearaverageis5,301•  3,953,043hahadbeenburned

(9.8millionacres)

Week of Sept 2nd

5 CSRS, 10 June 2015 CWFMS


Fire management and data collection •  InCanada,

–  Firemanagementisprimarilyconductedbyprovincialandterritorialgovernmentagencies

–  FireresearchisperformedbyCanadianForestryServices(underNRCan)firespecialists

•  Informationisgatheredfromground,airborneandspaceresourcesbutnoneprovidethequalityand/ortimelinessofthedatathatisrequired–  Existingsystemstendtocoveronlylocalizedareaswithafocuson

areasthathavethegreatestimpacttotheCanadianpopulation–  Thereareanumberofexistingandplannedspaceassets,butthey

tendto•  Haveinsufficientspatialresolutionanddynamicrange,•  Haveinsufficientdatalatency,or•  ProvideinsufficientcoverageoftheCanadianforests


Available Remote-Sensing Data



National Burn Area Composite (NBAC)

SPOT VGT (coarse res.)

Agencies (LFDB)

Landsat (fine res.)

SPOT VGT

Landsat

Agencies

MODIS

Rules

Desire–ToensurethebestavailableburnareaproductsacrossCanadaatanytimeActual–Accesstoburnareaproductsavailablefrommulti-sources,BUTatdifferenttimes…

…


Objectives of the CWFMS mission •  CWFMSusesasinglespaceplatformtomeetthemandatesofseveral

CanadianGovernmentDepartmentswithinareasonablecostenvelope–  Additionalassetscanimprovedatalatencyandtemporalcoverage


Objectives of the CWFMS mission •  TheobjectiveistodevelopaCanadianwildlandfiremonitoringand

trackingsystemwhichprovides–  Nearreal-timeinformationinsupportofwildlandfiremanagement–  Emissionmeasurementsinsupportofinternationalrequirementsfor

carbonreportingandforairqualityforecasting

http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/forests/climate-change/forest-carbon/13103


Objectives of the CWFMS mission •  Thespaceplatformreducesongoingoperationalcostsbyproviding

–  ContinuousmonitoringofthewholeofCanada–  Shortdelaybetweenthefirestarttimeanditsdetection–  Accuratedataonfireintensity,growth,location,fueltypeandair

quality


Mission priorities •  Themissionprioritiesareto

–  Providereliablefireradiativepowerdatawiththegoalofenablingthecalculationofthefireradiativeenergy

•  RequireshigherfrequencyFRPmeasurements(e.g.6hours)–  Providedataonhotspotsinordertodetermineandcorrelateactive

fireperimetermaps–  Makerateofspreadmeasurementsbasedonthechangesinhotspot

dataovertime–  Performburnedareamapping


Coverage and imaging requirements •  Thesatelliteisrequiredto

–  ProvidethecapabilitytoobserveanypointwithintheAoIatleastonceevery24hours

–  ObserveatleastonepointwithintheAoIduringthepeakburningperiod(15:00and19:00localtime)

–  Lowdatalatency(<30minutesforprioritydata)–  Highaccuracygeo-referencing–  Improvedspatialresolutionoverexistingsystems(<500m)


“IntensiveProtectionZone”:•  Operationswillneedtobeset

inmotionwhenawildfireisdetected

•  Highrevisitneeded“ModifiedResponseZone”:•  nooperationswillneedtobe

setinmotion•  Lowerrevisitneeded


Observation bands •  SpectralbandscanbeaddedtoMWIRandLWIRcamerasfornewapplications

–  MWIR–UsedforhightemperatureeventsandFRPmeasurements–  LWIR–Usedforfalsedetection(sunglint)andsubpixelfire

characterization–  NIR–Cloudmappingandmappingofgrasscuring(fuelmeasurement)–  VIS-Red–Cloudmappingandburnedareamapping

Camera Spectral band (um) GSD (m) Detector Solution

Vis-NIR

B1: 0.5-0.6 (green) 250

High density CCD

B2: 0.6-0.7 (red)

B3: 0.8-0.9 (NIR)

SWIR B4: 1.55-1.75 250 Staggered arrays of 1024x1 InGaAs photodiodes

MWIR B5: 3.5-4.2 500

Staggered arrays of 512x3 VOx microbolometers LWIR B6: 10.4-11.3

B7: 11.4-12.3


Mission implementation CWFMS MISSION

CWFMSSatellite

Satellite Control Centre (SCC) Data Processing

Centre (DPC)

PayloadTasking

Payload Telemetry (health/housekeeping)

Spacecraft Position/Pointing

Prince AlbertS-band TT&C and payload data

Gatineau

InuvikOptional Payload

data downlink

Payload Data (Level 0)

Level 1b Radiance Data

Level 1b Priority Radiance Data

Daily Processing Cycle

30 min Processing Cycle


Microsatellite design example


MissionParameters:OrbitType Sun-Synchronous,dawn-dusk(6am/6pmLTAN)

Altitude 585km

SwathWidth 1200km

SatelliteWeight 140kg


Average daily coverage – single satellite


Using a bent pipe architecture gives …


Mission products

•  Firemaps–location,extent,timing

•  Firecharacteristics–firelineintensity,rateofspread,fuelconsumption

•  Plumedynamics–smoketransportmaps,plumeheights

•  Emissions–massofcarbonreleasedintoatmosphere

•  Watersurfacetemperatures(secondaryproduct)


Applications and services

•  AssistProvinces,TerritoriesandParksCanadawithfiremanagementby–  offeringmonitoringcoasttocoast–  activefiredetectionandmonitoringtoolforremoteregions–  supplyingdataforhotspotsandburnedareafortheNationalBurned

AreaComposite(NBAC)•  AssistsEnvironmentCanadaby

–  measuringFRPtoestimatetracegasandparticulateemissions–  providingmodelinputsforimprovedairqualityandsmoketransport

models


National Burn Area Composite (NBAC)

Accesstoburnareaproductsavailablefromonesourceatthesametime

Ensurethebestavailableburnareaproductsacross-Canadaatanytime


Thank you.

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