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CANADIAN SECONDARY SOURCESSpanish Flu Pandemic, 1918–1920

NOVELS & PLAYS

Bourke, Pat. Yesterday’s Dead. Toronto: Second Story Press, 2012.

Kerr, Kevin. Unity (1918). Vancouver: Talonbooks, 2002.

Little, Jean. If I Die Before I Wake: The Flu Epidemic Diary of Fiona Macgregor, Toronto, Ontario, 1918. Markham, ON: Scholastic Canada, 2007.

Munro, Alice. Carried Away. London: Penguin, 1994.

Zweig, Eric. Fever Season. Toronto: Dundurn Press, 2009.

BOOKS

Bacic, Jadranka. The Plague of the Spanish Flu: The Influenza Epidemic of 1918 in Ottawa. Ottawa: The Historical Society of Ottawa, Bytown Pamphlet Series, No. 63, 1999.

Clare, Mike. “Stepping Out with the Spanish Lady.” Canadian Century Digital Scrapbook Series. 1837 Media Productions, 2015.

Duncan, Kirsty. Hunting the 1918 Flu: One Scientist’s Search for a Killer Virus. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2006.

Fahrni, Magda, and Esyllt W. Jones, eds. Epidemic Encounters: Influenza, Society, and Culture in Canada, 1918-20. Vancouver: UBC Press, 2012.

Herring, D. Ann. ed. Anatomy of a Pandemic: The 1918 Influenza in Hamilton. Hamilton: Allegra Press, 2006.

Humphries, Mark Osborne. The Last Plague: Spanish Influenza and the Politics of Public Health in Canada. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2013.

Jones, Esyllt. Influenza 1918: Disease, Death and Struggles in Winnipeg. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2007.

Lonc, William and ed. by Jacques Monet. The Residential Schools at Spanish, Ontario: The Flu Epidemic of 1918-1919. Toronto: Canadian Institute of Jesuit Studies, 2009.

O’Keefe, Betty, and Ian Macdonald. Dr. Fred and the Spanish Lady: Fighting the Killer Flu. Victoria: Heritage House Publishing, 2010.

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Pettigrew, Eileen. The Silent Enemy: Canada and the Deadly Flu of 1918. Saskatoon: Western Producer Prairie Books, 1983.

Rompkey, Ronald ed. The Labrador Memoir of Dr. Harry Paddon, 1912-1938. Montreal/Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2003.

THESES

Ahillen, Caroline. “Agent-Based Modelling of the Spread of the 1918-1919 Spanish Flu in Three Canadian Fur Trading Communities.” Master’s thesis, University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, 2007.

Buchanan, Sarah. “Spanish Influenza in the City of Vancouver, British Columbia, 1918-1919.” Master’s thesis, University of Victoria, 2012.

Carpenter, Connie. “Agent-Based Modeling of Seasonal Population Movement and the Spread of the 1918-1919 Flu: The Effect in a Small Community.” Master’s thesis, University of Missouri-Columbia, 2004.

Hallman, Stacey Alanna. “The Demographic Link Between the 1890 and 1918 Influenza Pandemics in Ontario.” Ph.D. thesis, University of Western Ontario, 2015.

Humphries, Mark O. “The Duty of the Nation: Public Health and the Spanish Influenza in Canada, 1918-1919.” Ph.D. thesis, University of Western Ontario, 2008.

Johnson, N.P.A.S. “Pandemic Influenza: An Analysis of the Spread of Influenza in Kitchener, October, 1918.” Master’s thesis, Wilfrid Laurier University, 1993.

Jones, Esyllt W. “Searching for the Springs of Health: Women and Working Families in Winnipeg 1918-1919 Influenza Epidemic.” Ph.D. thesis, University of Manitoba, 2003.

Lux, Maureen. “The Impact of the Spanish Influenza Pandemic in Saskatchewan, 1918-1919.” Master’s thesis, University of Saskatchewan, 2008.

Quiring, Vanessa. “Mennonites, Community and Disease: Mennonite Diaspora and Responses to the 1918-1920 Influenza Pandemic in Hanover, Manitoba.” Master’s thesis, University of Manitoba, 2015.

ArticlesAndrews, Margaret. “Epidemic and Public Health: Influenza in Vancouver, 1918-1919.” BC Studies 34

(Summer 1977): 21-44.

Belyk, Robert C., and Diane M. Belyk. “The Spanish Influenza, 1918-1919: No Armistice with Death.” The Beaver 68, no. 5 (Nov. 1988): 43-49.

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Boase, Kitara, Gustav Sillett, and Martha Joshua. “The Spanish Flu.” In Doris Saunders ed. Them Days: Stories of Early Labrador 14, no. 2 (January 1989).

Bogaert, Kandace L. “Military and Maritime Evidence of Pandemic Influenza in Canada during the Summer of 1918.” War and Society 36, no. 1 (February 2017): 44-63.

Cameron, Ian. “Dr. Montizambert and the 1918-1919 Spanish Influenza Pandemic in Canada.” Canadian Family Physician 56, no. 5 (May 2010): 453-454.

Dubois, François, Jean-Pierre Thouez, and Denis Goulet. “A Geographic Analysis of the Spread of Spanish Influenza in Quebec, 1918-20.” In Epidemic Encounters, Fahrni and Jones eds.: 142-163.

Erickson, Paul. “Home Sick.” Canada’s History 91, no. 2 (April/May 2011): 50-51.

Fahrni, Magda. “Elle Sont Partout: Les Femmes et la Ville Entemps d’Epidémie Montreal, 1918-1920.” Revue d’histoire de l’Amerique française 58, no. 1 (Summer 2004): 67-85.

Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo, and Richard Whitley. “Lessons Learned from Reconstructing the 1918 Influenza Pandemic.” The Journal of Infectious Diseases 194 (Nov. 2006): S127-S132.

Goldenberg, Susan, and Woodrow Wilson. “Killer Flu.” The Beaver 86, no. 5 (Oct/Nov 2006): 27-32.

Herring, Ann, and Lisa Sattenspiel. “Simulating the Effect of Quarantine on the Spread of the 1918-1919 Flu in Central Canada.” Bulletin of Mathematical Biology 65 (Jan. 2003): 1-26.

---. ““There Were Young People and Old People and Babies Dying Every Week”: The 1918-1919 Influenza Pandemic at Norway House.” Ethnohistory 41, no. 1 (Winter 1994): 73-105.

Herring, D.A., and Lisa Sattenspiel, L. “Death in Winter: Spanish Flu in the Canadian Subarctic.” In The Spanish Influenza Pandemic of 1918-1919: New Perspectives, ed. H. Philipps, and D. Killingray. New York: Routledge, 2003.

Hope-Simpson, R.E. “Recognition of Historic Influenza Epidemics from Parish Burial Records: A Test of Prediction from a new Hypothesis of Influenza Epidemiology.” The Journal of Hygiene 91, no. 2 (Oct. 1983): 293-308.

Houston, Stuart C. “The Silent Enemy: Canada and the Deadly Flu of 1918.” Saskatchewan History Magazine 37, no. 2 (March 1984): 78-79.

Humphries, Mark Osborne. “Paths of Infection: The First World War and the Origins of the 1918 Influenza Pandemic.” War in History 21, no. 1 (January 2014): 51-88.

---. “The Horror at Home: The Canadian Military and the “Great” Influenza Pandemic of 1918.” Journal of Canadian Historical Association 16, no. 1 (2005): 235-260.

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Jenkins, Jane E. “Baptism of Fire: New Brunswick’s Public Health Movement and the 1918 Influenza Epidemic.” Canadian Bulletin of Medical History 24, no. 2 (2007): 317-342.

Johnson, N.P.A.S. “Kitchener’s Forgotten Struggle: The 1918-19 Influenza Pandemic Experience.” Waterloo Historical Society 85 (1998): 41-67.

Jones, Esyllt W. “Contact Across a Diseased Boundary: Urban Space and Social Interaction During Winnipeg’s Influenza Epidemic, 1918-1919.” The Canadian Historical Association 13, no. 1 (2002): 119-139.

---. ““Co-Operation in all Human Endeavour”: Quarantine and Immigrant Disease Vectors in the 1918-1919 Influenza Pandemic in Winnipeg.” Canadian Bulletin of Medical History 22, no. 1 (2005): 57-82.

---. “Politicizing the Laboring Body: Working Families, Death, and Burial in Winnipeg’s Influenza Epidemic, 1918-1919.” Labor Studies in Working Class History 3, no. 3 (Fall 2006): 57-75.

Kelm, Mary Ellen, “British Columbia First Nations and the Influenza Pandemic of 1918-1919.” BC Studies 122 (1999): 23-45.

---. “Flu Stories: Engaging with Disease, Death and Modernity in British Columbia, 1918-19.” In Epidemic Encounters, Fahrni and Jones eds.: 167-192.

Leblanc, Marcel. “La Grippe Espagnole.” Saguenaylesia 40, no. 3 (Sept. 1998): 3-12.

Lux, Maureen, ““The Bitter Flats”: The 1918 Influenza in Saskatchewan,” Saskatchewan History 49, 1 (1997): 3-13.

MacDougall, Heather. “Toronto’s Health Department in Action: Influenza in 1918 and SARS in 2003.” Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences 62, no. 1 (January 2007): 56-89.

McGinnis, Janice Dicken. “A City Faces an Epidemic.” Alberta History 24, no. 4 (Oct. 1976): 1-11.

---. “The Impact of Epidemic Influenza: Canada, 1918-1919.” Historical Papers 12, no. 1 (1977): 20-140.

Mamelund, Svenn-Erik, Lisa Sattenspiel, and Jessica Dimka. “Influenza Associated Mortality During the 1918-19 Influenza Epidemic in Alaska and Labrador: A Comparison.” Social Science History 37, no. 2 (Summer, 2013): 177-229.

Miller, Ian. “No Cause for Alarm.” The Beaver 80, no. 6 (2000-2001): 33-37.

Oxford, J.S. “The So-Called Great Spanish Influenza Pandemic of 1918 May Have Originated in France in 1916.” Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences 365, no. 1416 (Dec. 2001):1857-1859.

Pacquin, Yvette. “Les Soeurs Grises en Tenue de Service: L’Influenza de 1918.” Cahiers Nicolétains 8, no. 2 (Juin 1986): 101-121.

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Palmer, Craig, Lisa Sattenspiel, and Chris Cassidy. “Boats, Trains, and Immunity: The Spread of the Spanish Flu on the Island of Newfoundland.” Newfoundland and Labrador Studies 22, no. 2 (Oct. 2007): 473-504.

Phillips, Howard. “The Re-Appearing Shadow of 1918: Trends in the Historiography of the 1918-19 Influenza Pandemic.” Canadian Bulletin of Medical History 21, no. 1 (Spring 2004): 121-134.

Quiney, Linda. ““Filling the Gaps”: Canadian Voluntary Nurses, the 1917 Halifax Explosion, and the Influenza Epidemic of 1918.” Canadian Bulletin of Medical History 19, no. 2 (2002): 351-373.

Quiring, Vanessa. “Manitoba Mennonites and the State: Wartime Measures and the Influenza Epidemic in Hanover.” Manitoba History 82 (Fall 2016): 28-34.

Rankin, John. “The Reporting of the Influenza Pandemic, 1918-1920 in Hamilton, Ontario.” Health 4, no. 12 (2012): 1317-1327.

Shenghai, Zhang, Yan Ping, Brian Winchester, and Jun Wang. “Transmissibility of the 1918 Pandemic Influenza in Montreal and Winnipeg of Canada.” Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses. 4, no. 1 (January 2010): 27-31.

Sylvester, Erin. “How One Toronto Woman Changed the Way Canadians View Nursing.” Torontoist (12 May 2016). https://torontoist.com/2016/05/how-one-toronto-woman-changed-the-way-canadians-view-nursing/

Taubenberger, Jeffery. “1918 Influenza: The Mother of all Pandemics.” Prevention, Emerging Infectious Diseases 12, no. 1 (Jan. 2006):15-22.

Toman, Cynthia.““My Chance has Come at Last!”: The Weston Hospital, the Women’s Christian Temperance Union, and Indian Nurses in Canada, 1917-1929.” Native Studies Review 19, no. 2 (2010): 95-119.

Turcotte, Huguette. “Hospitals for Chinese in Canada: Montreal (1918) and Vancouver (1921).” Historical Studies 70 (2004): 131-142.

Witton, Peter. “Influenza.” Manitoba History 23 (Spring 1992):17-18.

Yearwood-Lee, Emily. “Flu Pandemics of the 20th Century: The BC Experience.” Background Brief (September 2009). http://www.llbc.leg.bc.ca/public/pubdocs/bcdocs/460566/200901bb_flu.pdf

RADIO

“The Social Chaos of the Spanish Flu,” CBC The Current with guests Bernice Manning and Jack Murray, 23 June 2005. http://www.cbc.ca/archives/entry/the-social-chaos-of-the-spanish-flu

“Unearthing a Deadly Influenza Mystery,” CBC As It Happens with guest Jeffery Taubenberger, 21 March 1997. http://www.cbc.ca/archives/entry/unearthing-a-deadly-mystery

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TV

“Influenza: Surviving The Spanish Lady,” CBC, April 10, 2003. http://www.cbc.ca/archives/entry/surviving-the-spanish-lady

DOCUMENTARIES

“Influenza,” Bruno Carrière, National Film Board, 1997. http://onf-nfb.gc.ca/en/our-collection/?idfilm=33392

“The Last Days of Okak,” Anne Budgell and Nigel Markham, National Film Board, 1985. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ts3hFJOLFuo

WEB PRODUCTS & PUBLICATIONS

Bytown or Bust, “Ottawa’s Dance with the Spanish Lady,” Mark St. Pierre, March 2004. http://www.bytown.net/flu1918.htm

Canadian Centre for the Great War, “Forgotten Casualties: Canada’s Spanish Influenza Epidemic,” May 2017. https://greatwarcentre.com/2017/05/26/forgotten-casualties-canadas-spanish-influenza-epidemic/

Canadian War Museum, “Influenza, 1918-1919.” http://www.warmuseum.ca/firstworldwar/history/life-at-home-during-the-war/wartime-tragedies/influenza-1918-1919/

Heritage Newfoundland & Labrador, Jenny Higgins, “The 1918 Spanish Flu,” 2007. http://www.heritage.nf.ca/articles/politics/1918-spanish-flu.php

Regina Spanish Flu Memorial timeline. http://reginaspanishflu.ca/

Royal Canadian Mounted Police, “What’s Your Plan? Many Issues to Consider in Pandemic Response,” by Joseph Scanlon, 3 Oct. 2014. http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/en/gazette/whats-your-plan

UVIC blog, Online Academic Community, “Spanish Influenza in Victoria, 1918-1920.” https://members.arma.org/eweb/DynamicPage.aspx?Site=ARMAI&WebCode=MyArmaOrderHistory

Virtual Museum of Canada, Doig River First Nation, “Dane Wajich Stories & Songs: Dreamers and the Land, 2007.” This display includes the story of Adishtlishe, who died of influenza in 1919 at Big Camp. http://www.virtualmuseum.ca/sgc-cms/expositions-exhibitions/danewajich/english/dreamers/dreamer.php?action=dreamer/adishtliishe