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Canadians have long been valued members of foreignAntarctic expeditions. In Some Canadians in the Antarctic(Hattersley-Smith, 1986), I summarized the parts played bya dozen Canadians on various expeditions.

As a country, Canada had no commitment to Antarc-tic research until 1998, when the country became a fullmember of the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research(SCAR), with commitment to a recognized national pro-gramme of research. Canada has never established an Ant-arctic station, but relies on the facilities provided by foreignstations.

In the following list of Antarctic place-names, I givethe exact locations of the features, the persons commemo-rated with biographical dates (as available), and the expedi-tions or operations on which they served. Many of theCanadians commemorated were born outside Canada. I haveincluded (in square brackets) a few non-personal names ofCanadian association. I have not attempted to seek outnames of crewmen or ships of Newfoundland sealing fleetsactive in Antarctic waters in the early 1900s. (See map onpage 20)

1 Barnes Glacier: 67°32'S, 66°19'W, flows west into Bour-geois Fjord, Fallières Coast, Graham Land. Named afterProf. Howard Turner Barnes (1873–1950), physicist.

2 Barnes, Mount: 77°38'S, 163°35'E, 1200 m, on west sideof New Harbour, Victoria Land. Named as above.

3 [Beaver Glacier: 67°02'S, 50°40'E, flows west intoAmundsen Bay between Ragged Peaks and Mount Glead-ell. Named after the de Havilland Beaver aircraft, manu-factured in Canada, used by ANARE in coastal explo-ration.]

4 [Beaver Island: 67°07'S, 50°47'E. Named from its prox-imity to Beaver Glacier.]

5 [Beaver Lake: 70°48'S, 68°20'E, situated just east of theAramis Range, Prince Charles Mountains. Discovered in1956 by ANARE personnel who used it extensively as alanding area for their de Havilland Beaver aircraft, afterwhich it was named.]

6 [Beaver Rocks: 63°41'S, 59°21'W, rocks rising 29 m a.s.l.,northeast of Cape Kjellman, Trinity Peninsula. Surveyedby FIDS, 1960–61, and named after the BAS de HavillandDHC-2 Beaver aircraft.]

7 Bekker Nunataks: 64°42'S, 60°49'W, SSW of Cape Wors-ley, Nordenskjöld Coast, Graham Land. Named after LtCol Mieczylaw Gregory Bekker, RCE, over-snow vehicleengineer.

8 Bombardier Glacier: 64°29'S, 60°04'W, flowing SE fromDetroit Plateau to Nordenskjöld Coast. Named after J.Armand Bombardier, over-snow vehicle engineer.

9 Burd, Cape: 63°39'S, 57°07'W, southwest point of Taba-rin Peninsula, Trinity Peninsula, Graham Land. Namedafter Lieut. Oliver R. Burd, RCNVR (1921–48), FIDS BaseLeader and meteorological observer, Station ArgentineIslands, 1947–48; meteorological observer, Station HopeBay in 1948 until he died in a fire at that station inNovember of that year.

10 Burden Passage: 63°08'S, 56°32'W, between d’UrvilleIsland and Bransfield Island, Trinity Peninsula, GrahamLand. Named after Capt. Eugene Moores Burden (1892–1979), Master of the FIDS charter ship Trepassey, 1946–47, who made the first navigation of the passage.

11 Bursey, Mount: 76°01'S, 132°38'W, 2780 m, at east endof Flood Range, Marie Byrd Land. Named after JacobBursey, dog-driver on Byrd Antarctic Expedition, 1928–30, and on United States Antarctic Service, 1939–41.

12 Bursey Icefalls: 75°59'S, 132°38'W, on north side onMount Bursey, Flood Range, Marie Byrd Land. Named asabove.

Canadians in Antarctic Place-NamesGeoffrey Hattersley-Smith

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13 Campbell Glacier: 74°25'S, 164°22'E, flowing southeastbetween Deep Freeze Range into Terra Nova Bay, Victo-ria Land. Named after Capt. Victor Lindsay ArbuthnotCampbell, DSO (and bar), OBE, RN (1875–1956) of the TerraNova Expedition, 1910–13 (Capt. R.F. Scott, CVO, RN).

14 Campbell Glacier Tongue: 74°36'S, 164°24'E, seawardextension of Campbell Glacier. Named as above.

15 [Canada Glacier: 77°37'S, 162°59'E, on north side ofTaylor Valley, Victoria Land. Named by the Terra NovaExpedition, 1910–13, in honour of Sir Charles Wright (seebelow).]

16 [Canada Stream: 77°37'S, 163°03'E, flows from CanadaGlacier. Named in association with the glacier.]

17 Cheesman Island: 69°44'S, 75°05'W, off the north coastof Charcot Island. Named after Flt Lt Silas Alward Chees-man, RCAF (1900–58), pilot on Sir Hubert Wilkins’ flightin 1929.

18 Coleman, Mount: 77°32'S, 163°24'E, 1110 m a.s.l., standsimmediately east of Commonwealth Glacier at the headof New Harbor, Victoria Land. Named for Prof. ArthurPhilemon Coleman (1852–1939), geologist, University ofToronto, by C.S. Wright (see below).

19 Davies, Cape: 71°46'S, 100°23'W, at northeast end ofHughes Peninsula, Thurston Island. Named after DrFrank Thomas Davies, FRSC (1904–81), physicist on ByrdAntarctic Expedition, 1928–30.

20 Deville Glacier: 64°48'S, 62°31'W, flows west into And-vord Bay, Dance Coast, Graham Land. Named afterEdouard Gaston Daniel Deville (1849–1924), SurveyorGeneral of Canada, photogrammetrist.

21 Douglas, Cape: 54°46'S, 36°00'W, at southeast end ofSalvesen Range, South Georgia. Named after Prof. GeorgeVibert Douglas, MC, FRSC, geologist on Shackleton-RowettAntarctic Expedition, 1921–22.

22 [Eliason Glacier: 64°13'S, 59°29'W, flows south intoLarsen Inlet, Nordenskjöld Coast, Graham Land. Namedafter the Eliason motor toboggan, invented in Sweden in1942 and later made by Carter Bros Ltd, Waterloo, Ontario.]

23 Falconer, Mount: 77°35'S, 163°06'E, 810 m a.s.l., sur-mounts Lake Fryxell on the north wall of Taylor Valley,between Mount McLennan and Commonwealth Glacier.Named after Sir Robert Alexander Falconer, KCMG, FRSC

(1867–1943), President of the University of Toronto, byC.S. Wright (see below).

24 Harrison Ice Ridge: 79°30'S, 146°00'W, ice ridge be-tween Echelmeyer and MacAyeal Ice Streams on the Shi-rase Coast, Marie Byrd Land. Named after Prof. WilliamD. Harrison (b. 1936), Geophysics Institute, University ofAlaska, Fairbanks, AK; USAP investigator of ice-flowdynamics in the margin of nearby Whillans Ice Stream,1992–93 and 1993–94, and at Siple Dome, 2001–02.

25 Hattersley-Smith, Cape: 71°51'S, 61°04'W, on CondorPeninsula, Black Coast, Graham Land. Named after DrGeoffrey Francis Hattersley-Smith, FRSC, Base Leader andglaciologist, FIDS Station Admiralty Bay, King GeorgeIsland, South Shetland Islands (1948–49).

26 Holdsworth Glacier: 86°30'S, 154°00'W, tributary ofBartlett Glacier, Queen Maud Mountains. Named after DrGerald Holdsworth (b. 1939), with US Antarctic ResearchProgram as geologist McMurdo Station, Ross Sea, 1965–66.

27 Holdsworth, Mount: 72°08'S, 166°35'E, in MonteathHills, Victory Mountains, Victoria Land. Named after DrGerald Holdsworth, Leader and geologist of the northernparty of the New Zealand Federated Mountain ClubsAntarctic Expedition, 1962–63.

28 Howard Nunataks: 77°30'S, 87°00'W, at northwest cor-ner of Sentinel Range, Ellsworth Mountains. Named afterPatrick M. Howard, engine mechanic on Lincoln Ells-worth’s trans-Antarctic flight in November 1935.

29 Innes-Taylor, Mount: 86°51'S, 154°27'W, 2730 m, onsouth side of Poulter Glacier, Queen Maud Mountains,Transantarctic Mountains. Named after Lt Col Alan Innes-Taylor of the Byrd Antarctic Expedition, 1934–35.

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30 Jardine Peak: 62°10'S, 58°30'W, 285 m, SSW of PointThomas, Admiralty Bay, King George Island. Named afterDaniel Jardine (1927–94), geologist, FIDS Station Admi-ralty Bay, King George Island, 1949–50.

31 Kenyon Peninsula: 68°27'S, 63°33'W, between MobiloilInlet, Bowman Coast, and Revelle Inlet, Wilkins Coast,Named after Hon. Air Cdre Herbert Hollick-Kenyon, RCAF

(1897–1975), pilot on Lincoln Ellsworth’s trans-Antarcticflight in November 1935.

32 Koerner Bluff: 76°00'S, 133°04'W, on northwest side ofMount Bursey, Flood Range, Marie Byrd Land. Namedafter Dr Roy Martindale (“Fritz”) Koerner (b. 1932),USARP glaciologist with the Byrd Station Traverse,1962–63.

33 Koerner Rock: 63°19'S, 57°06'W, south of Mount Brans-field, Trinity Peninsula, Graham Land. Named after DrRoy Martindale (“Fritz”) Koerner (b. 1932), meteorologi-cal observer and glaciologist, FIDS Station Hope Bay,1958–60.

34 Lamb, Cape: 63°54'S, 57°37'W, SW point of Vega Island,Trinity Peninsula, Graham Land. Named after Dr IvanMackenzie Lamb (1911–90), Operation “Tabarin” botanist,Station Port Lockroy, 1943–44, and Station Hope Bay,1944–45; Leader of biological expedition to MelchiorIslands, Palmer Archipelago, Graham Land, 1964–65.

35 Lenton Bluff: 79°00'S, 28°13'W, NE of Jeffries Glacier,Theron Mountains, Coats Land. Named after R.A. Lenton(see below).

36 Lenton Point: 60°44'S, 45°36'W, on NE side of ClowesBay, Signy Island. Named after Ralph Anthony Lenton(1923–86), radio operator, FIDS Station Signy Island,1947–48; Station Admiralty Bay, 1948–50; Base Leaderand radio operator, Deception Island, 1951–52; StationPort Lockroy, 1952–53; Station Faraday, 1954–55; withTrans-Antarctic Expedition as Deputy Leader, radio oper-ator and builder at Station Shackleton, Coats Land 1955–56: radio operator on trans-polar journey, 1957–58.

37 Løken Moraines: 66°17'S, 110°37'E, inland from Wind-mill Islands, Budd Coast, Australian Antarctic Territory.Named after Dr Olav Løken (b. 1931), glaciologist atUSARP Wilkes Stations, 1957.

38 Lymburner, Mount: 77°26'S, 86°30'W, 1940 m, at northend of Sentinel Range, Ellsworth Mountains. Named afterJ.H. Lymburner, assistant pilot on Lincoln Ellsworth’strans-Antarctic flight of November 1935.

39 Macleod Point: 64°06'S, 61°58'W, SE point of LiègeIsland, Palmer Archipelago, Graham Land. Named afterProf. John James Rickart Macleod, FRSC, FRS (1876–1935), Nobel Laureate in medicine.

40 Mansfield Point: 60°39'S, 45°44'W, on Norway Bight,Coronation Island, South Orkney Islands. Named after DrArthur Walter Mansfield (b. 1926), meteorological observ-er FIDS Station Grytviken, 1951–52; Base Leader, biologistand meteorological observer, Station Signy Island, 1952–53.

41 McLennan, Mount: 77°35'S, 162°56'E, 1770 m a.s.l., onnorth side of Taylor Glacier, Victoria Land. Named forProf. John McLennan (1876–1935), physicist, Universityof Toronto, by C.S. Wright (see below).

42 Müller Ice Front: 67°13'S, 66°50'W, seaward face ofMüller Ice Shelf (see below).

43 Müller Ice Shelf: 67°15'S, 66°52'W, off Lallemand Fjord,Loubet Coast, Graham Land. Named after Prof. FritzMüller (1926–80), Swiss-Canadian glaciologist.

44 [Muskeg Gap: 64°25'S, 59°41'W, east–west pass onSobral Peninsula, Nordenskjöld Coast, Graham Land.Named after the Bombardier Muskeg tractor.]

45 [Nodwell Peaks: 64°21'S, 59°46'W, NW of Larsen Inlet,Nordenskjöld Coast, Graham Land. Named after the Nod-well tracked carrier made by Robin-Nodwell Mfg Ltd,Calgary, Alberta.]

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46 [Otter Highlands: 80°38'S, 30°00'W, a group of peaksand ridges extending northwest–southeast for 17 milesfrom Mount Lowe to Wyeth Heights, west of BlaiklockGlacier and forming the western end of the ShackletonRange. Surveyed by the CTAE in 1957 and named afterthe de Havilland Otter aircraft which supported theCTAE.]

47 [Otter Plain: 71°30'S, 7°30'E, an ice plain between Sig-urd Knolls on the north and the Mühlig-Hofmann andDrygalski Mountains on the south, Queen Maud Land.Plotted from surveys and air photos by the NorAE(1956–60) and named after the de Havilland Otter air-craft used by the expedition.]

48 [Otter Rock: 63°38'S, 59°12'W, a high distinctive rocklying 3 miles north of Notter Point, Trinity Peninsula.Named after the de Havilland Otter aircraft used by theBAS.]

49 Paterson, Mount: 54°39'S, 36°07'W, in central SalvesenRange, South Georgia. Named after Dr William StanleyBryce Paterson (b. 1924), assistant surveyor on the SouthGeorgia Survey, 1955–56.

50 Pawson Peak: 62°11'S, 58°28'W, 250 m, on west side ofAdmiralty Bay, King George Island, South Shetland Is-lands. Named after Kenneth Pawson (b. 1923), FIDS

meteorological assistant, Station Port Lockroy, AnversIsland; assistant surveyor, Station Admiralty Bay, KingGeorge Island.

51 Ramseier Glacier: 80°30'S, 156°18'E, a steep cirque glac-ier 9 km long, flows south-west to join Byrd Glacier justeast of Mount Rummage. Named by US-ACAN after RenéO. Ramseier, glaciologist at McMurdo Station and at PoleStation in 1960–61 and 1961–62.

52 Reece, Mount: 63°50'S, 58°32'W, 1085 m, a sharp, ice-free peak, four miles west of Pitt Point and the highestpoint of a ridge forming the south wall of Victory Glacieron the south side of Trinity Peninsula. Charted in 1945by the FIDS and named for Alan Reece, leader of theFIDS Deception Island base in 1945, and meteorologistand geologist at the Hope Bay base in 1946. Reece, amember of the NBSAE, 1949–52, was killed in an airplaneaccident in the Canadian Arctic in 1960.

53 Reece Valley: 72°41'S, 0°22'E, an ice-filled valley be-tween Gavlen Ridge and Nupskåpa Peak, in the southpart of the Sverdrup Mountains, Queen Maud Land.Mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys andair photos by NBSAE (1949–52) and air photos by theNorwegian expedition (1958–59). Named for Alan Reece,geologist with the NBSAE (1949–52) and earlier with theFIDS.

54 Roots Heights: 72°37'S, 0°27'E, in Sverdrup Mountains,Dronning Maud Land. Named after Dr Ernest FrederickRoots, OC, FRSC (b. 1923), chief geologist on the Norwe-gian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedition, 1949–52.

55 Roots, Mount: 54°28'S, 36°23'W, in Allardyce Range,South Georgia. Named after James Walter Roots (b.1927), member of the South Georgia Survey, 1951–52.

56 St Louis, Mount: 67°09'S, 67°30'W, on ArrowsmithPeninsula, Loubet Coast, Graham Land. Named after ColPeter Borden St Louis, MBE, RCAF (b. 1923), Norsemanpilot with FIDS, 1949–50.

57 Sheppard Nunatak: 63°22'S, 56°58'W, north entrancepoint of Hope Bay, Trinity Peninsula, Graham Land.Named after Capt. Robert Carl Sheppard (1897–1954),Master of the Operation “Tabarin” charter ship Eagle,1934–45, and of the FIDS charter ship Trepassey, 1945–46.

58 Sheppard Point: 63°23'S, 56°58'W, north entrance pointof Hope Bay, Trinity Peninsula, Graham Land. Named asabove.

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59 [Skidoo Nunatak: 64°23'S, 59°45'W, south of NodwellPeaks, Nordenskjöld Coast, Graham Land. Named afterthe Bombardier Skidoo snowmobile.]

60 Stefansson Sound: 69°28'S, 62°25'W, extends north–south between Hearst Island and Black Coast, GrahamLand. Named after Dr Vilhjalmur Stefansson (1879–1962), Arctic explorer, ethnologist and writer.

61 Taylor, Mount: 63°25'S, 57°07'W, 1000 m, south ofHope Bay, Trinity Peninsula, Graham Land. Named afterDr Andrew Taylor, OC (1907–93), as Major, RCE surveyorat Operation “Tabarin” Station Port Lockroy, Anvers Is-land, 1944–45, and Commander of the operation at HopeBay, Trinity Peninsula, 1945–46.

62 Taylor Dome: 77°40'S, 157°40'E, 2400 m, in LashlyMountains, Victoria Land. Named after T.G. Taylor (seebelow).

63 Taylor Glacier: 67°27'S, 60°50'E, near west end of Mac.Robertson Coast, Australian Antarctic Territory. Namedafter T.G. Taylor (see below).

64 Taylor Glacier: 77°44'S, 162°10'E, flows into Taylor Val-ley. Named after T.G. Taylor (see below).

65 Taylor Valley: 77°37'S, 163°00'E, ice-free valley north ofKukri Hills, Victoria Land. Named after Prof. ThomasGriffith Taylor, FRSC (1880–1963), geologist on the TerraNova Expedition, 1910–13 (Capt. R.F. Scott, CVO, RN).

66 Waddington Glacier: 78°03'S, 161°27'E, flows WNWalong the south side of Ugolini Peak, Colwell Massif, toenter Palais Glacier, Victoria Land. Named after Prof.Edwin D. Waddington (b. 1950), geophysicist, Universityof Washington; from 1990, field investigator at TaylorDome in an extended program of glacier geophysicalstudies.

67 Whillans, Mount: 84°27'S, 64°15'W, 870 m, in AndersenHills, Patuxent Range, Pensacola Mountains. Named afterProf. Ian Morley Whillans (1944–2001), geologist atUSARP Palmer station in winter 1967 and in subsequentseasons.

68 Whillans Ice Stream: 83°40'S, 145°00'W, flows west toGould Coast between Mercer and Kamb Ice Streams. Oneof several major ice streams draining from Marie ByrdLand into the Ross Ice Shelf, it is identified as “Ice StreamB” in reports by the SPRI-NSF-TUD airborne radio-echosounding programme (1967–79) and USAP from 1984.The name was changed by US-ACAN in 2001 to honourProf. Ian Morley Whillans (1944–2001) glaciologist, ByrdPolar Research Center and Department of Geological Sci-ences, Ohio State University, whose work in Antarcticaspanned the years from 1967 until his death. Whillanshad a central role in recognizing that these ice streamshold the key to determining the stability of the WestAntarctic ice sheet.

69 Wilson Mountains: 72°15'S, 61°40'W, east of Du ToitMountains, Black Coast, Graham Land. Named after Prof.John Tuzo Wilson, CC, OBE, FRSC, FRS (1908–93), geo-physicist and continental-drift theorist.

70 Wright, Mount: 71°33'S, 169°10'E, 1800 m, in north partof Admiralty Mountains, Victoria Land. Named after SirCharles (Seymour) Wright, KCB, OBE, MC (1887–1975),physicist and glaciologist, Terra Nova Expedition, 1910–13(Capt. R.F. Scott, CVO, RN).

71 Wright Bay: 66°34'S, 93°37'E, on Queen Mary Coast,Australian Antarctic Territory. Named as above.

72 Wright Lower Glacier: 77°25'S, 163°00'E, in mouth ofWright Valley, Victoria Land. Named as above.

73 Wright Upper Glacier: 77°32'S, 160°35'E, at west end ofWright Valley, Victoria Land. Named as above.

74 Wright Valley: 77°31'S, 161°50'E, mainly ice-free east–west valley in Victoria Land. Named as above.

I apologize for any Canadians thus commemorated that Imay have omitted from the above list*.

* Please send information on omissions to simon.ommanney

@sympatico.ca.

References

Alberts, F.G., 1995. Geographic names of the Antarctic. Second edi-tion. Arlington, VA, U.S. National Science Foundation. U.S.

Board on Geographic Names, 834 pp.

Hattersley-Smith, G., 1980. History of place-names in the Falk-

land Islands Dependencies (South Georgia and the South Sand-

wich Islands). Br. Antarct. Surv. Sci. Rep. 101, 112 pp.

Hattersley-Smith, G. 1986. Some Canadians in the Antarctic. Arc-tic, 39(4), 368– 369.

Hattersley-Smith, G., 1991. The history of place-names in the

British Antarctic Territory. Br. Antarct. Surv. Sci. Rep. 113, 670

pp.

Italy, Programma Nazionale di Ricerche in Antartide, 2000. Com-posite gazetteer of Antarctica. Rome, Programma Nazionale di

Ricerche in Antartide and Scientific Committee on Antarctic

Research, Geoscience Standing Scientific Group (www3.pnra.

it/SCAR_GAZE).

Dr Geoffrey Hattersley-Smith, a glaciologist with the De-fence Research Board who was responsible for OperationsHazen and Tanquary on Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, is retiredand living in Kent, England.

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In May 2005, I participated in the reunion of the AntarcticDeep Freeze Association in Biloxi, Mississippi, USA, to cele-brate the 50th anniversary of Operation Deep Freeze, whichprovided logistic support for US research in Antarctica dur-ing the International Geophysical Year (IGY) 1957/58.

When President Eisenhower announced in March1955 that the US would participate in the International Geo-physical Year he charged the US Navy with providing logis-tic support for the Antarctic operations. The Navy estab-lished Operation Deep Freeze, and the ships of the firstphase – Deep Freeze I – sailed from the US in the fall of1955 for the Ross Sea area to establish a logistic base atMcMurdo and the Little America V (LAV) station near theeast end of the Ross Barrier. Crews spent the austral winterof 1956 at both sites. The following spring they establishedtwo inland stations; the South Pole and Byrd stations. Theformer was principally air-dropped by flights from McMur-do; the latter being supplied by tractor-train (sleds pulled bylarge Caterpillar tractors) from LAV. Deep Freeze II alsoestablished the US coastal stations: Ellsworth on the ice

shelf in the Weddell Sea; Wilkes at about 115°E; and thejoint US–New Zealand station at Cape Hallett, near CapeAdare. All seven stations were then ready for use by the sci-entists, most of whom arrived during the 1956/57 summerfor the start of the IGY on 01 July 1957.

While Deep Freeze I and II unfolded, 11 other coun-tries were busy marshalling their Antarctic expeditions, butonly that of the Soviet Union was even close to the scale ofthe US effort. Twelve countries operated 36 over-winteringstations in Antarctica, on land and on the ice sheet/iceshelves during the IGY. This unprecedented scientific efforton the “Seventh Continent” was a key feature of the IGY.

Most of the 180 participants in our three-day reunionwere Navy veterans of Deep Freeze I. The rest, and notablymost of the scientists, were Deep Freeze II participants. Theprogram included an excellent series of lectures. JerryMarty, the NSF officer responsible for the current recon-struction of the South Pole station, gave a well-illustrated

Operation Deep Freeze – 50 YearsOlav H. Loken

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Développement économique, de l’Innovation et de l’Exporta-tion du Québec and the Economic Development Agency ofCanada for the Regions of Quebec. Argentina provided logis-tical support, coordinated by DNA-IAA. This support includ-ed transportation of cargo and personnel from Argentinawith Air Force aircraft to the Marambio station at the northerntip of the Antarctic Peninsula (64°14'42"S, 56°39'25"W).Also, transfer to the icebreaker A.R.A. Almirante Irízar wasprovided by Argentine Navy helicopter, as well as the trans-fer of crew members to Sedna IV at Melchior in March2006. In February 2006, the icebreaker delivered fuel andfood to Sedna IV for the winter. Meanwhile, Navy personneltook care of repairs and maintenance of the Melchior facili-ty, for our use as a field laboratory. The U.S. National Sci-ence Foundation generously transported an important partof the scientific cargo on its icebreaker R/V Laurence M.Gould, following a request from the DNA-IAA.

This is a multidisciplinary project, integrating physical,chemical and biological oceanographers. The RUGBY teamconsists of a project leader (Dr Serge Demers), one scientificcoordinator (Dr Gustavo Ferreyra, gferreyra@dna.gov.ar),five principal investigators (Dr Suzanne Roy, suzanne_roy

@uqar.qc.ca; Dr Émilien Pelletier, emilien_pelletier @uqar.

qc.ca; Dr Huixiang Xie, huixiang_xie@uqar.qc.ca; Dr KarineLemarchand, karine_lemarchand@uqar.qc.ca; and Dr Eddy

Carmack, carmacke@pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca), one research col-laborator (Dr Fernando Momo, fmomo @ungs.edu.ar), fourpost-doctoral researchers (Dr Irene Schloss, irene.schloss

@uqar.qc.ca; Dr Damián López, jamerboi@stratosnet.com;Dénis Brion, denis_brion@yahoo.ca; Marie Lionard, marie_

lionard@yahoo.fr), three doctoral students (Sébastien Moreau,sebastien.moreau@uqar.qc.ca; Sébastien Roy, bass.roy

@stratosnet.com; Xiaomeng Huang) and one master’s stu-dent (Bernard Mercier, bernardmercier99@hotmail.com).Other doctoral students (from both Canada and Argentina)will be recruited to complete the team, which will partici-pate in the other aspects of the project. The research grouphas extensive experience in ultraviolet radiation research,and has already produced a significant number of refereedpublications in international journals. Two members of thegroup, Damián López and Sébastien Roy, participated in the2006–07 wintering-over program at Melchior, on the Antarc-tica Peninsula, as part of the team on board the Sedna IV.

Dr Serge Demers (serge_demers@uqar.qc.ca) is Director ofthe Institut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski (ISMER;www.ismer.ca) and Professor of Oceanography at the Uni-versité du Québec à Rimouski, of which ISMER is a part. Dr Gustavo Ferreyra (gustavo_ferreyra@uqar.qc.ca) is a re-search associate at ISMER and scientific coordinator of theproject.

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Canadians in Antarctic Place-Names: SupplementC. Simon L. Ommanney

In a previous issue of the CARN Newsletter, Geoffrey Hatter-sley-Smith (2005) provided a comprehensive list of Antarcticnames associated with Canada and Canadians. However,since that article was published, some of those who wereoverlooked have contacted me. In addition, Olav Loken hasprovided information on some missing names related toCanadian ships that were intentionally excluded from the

previous list. Yet other names have come to my notice withthe passage of time. It therefore seems timely to provide anupdate.

One noticeable oversight in the original list was Black-wall Ice Stream, the first Antarctic name adopted by theGeographical Names Board of Canada (Loken, 2000). Throughthe excellent online gazetteer of the Antarctic, maintained

by Italy on behalf of the Scientific Committee on AntarcticResearch, it has been possible to identify a significant num-ber of other names with a Canadian connection. For conti-nuity with the previous list, the numbering system appliedthere has been extended to the names listed below, eventhough a revised map has not been compiled. Two names,Tickle Channel and Sunker Nunataks, are included becausethey contain unique Canadian generics (Canada, 1987), usedhere as specifics, that reflect the heritage of some of thesailors who visited the continent.

As with the previous list, the exact locations of thefeatures are given, the name of the person commemoratedand some biographical information. Many of the Canadianscommemorated were born outside Canada. Non-personalnames with a Canadian association are identified in squarebrackets.

Information on other relevant names missing fromthis or the previous list should be sent to simon.ommanney

@sympatico.ca.

75 Bartlett Glacier: 86°15'S, 152°W, a tributary to ScottGlacier. Named for Capt. Robert A. Bartlett, of Brigus,Newfoundland, noted Arctic navigator and explorer.

76 [Beaver Glacier]: 83°24'S, 169°30'E, a glacier drainingthe Queen Alexandra Range and joining the Ross IceShelf at McCann Point. Named after the Beaver aircraft,City of Auckland, that crashed in this area in January1960.

77 Blackwall Ice Stream: 82°52'S, 35°21'W, a northwardflowing tributary to Recovery Glacier that flows into theRonne–Filchner Ice Shelf between Argentina Range andWhichaway Nunataks. Named after Hugh BlackwallEvans (1874–1975), English-born Canadian naturalist, ofVermillion, Alta, who was with the British AntarcticExpedition (BAE), 1898–1900, led by Carsten Borchgre-vink in the Southern Cross.

78 Burton Point: 66°16'S, 66°56'W, northeast point ofKrogh Island, Biscoe Islands. Named after Dr Alan Chad-burn Burton (1904–79), English-born Canadian biophysi-

cist, who specialized in problems of cold-weather cloth-ing; in association with the names of pioneers of cold-cli-mate physiology in this area.

79 Campbell Glacier: 74°25'S, 164°22'E, a 100-km longglacier that flows SE between Deep Freeze Range andMount Melbourne to discharge into northern Terra NovaBay. Named for Capt. Victor Lindsey Arbuthnot Camp-bell, OBE, DSO (1875–1956), leader of the NorthernParty of Captain Scott’s 1910–13 BAE. After retiring fromthe British Navy, he settled in Black Duck Brook, onNewfoundland’s west coast. His diary, archived at Memo-rial University of Newfoundland, has been published(King, 1988).

80 Campbell Glacier Tongue: 74°36'S, 164°24'E, the sea-ward extension of Campbell Glacier into northern TerraNova Bay. Named in association with Campbell Glacier.

81 [Canada Peak]: 77°37'S, 162°50'E, peak overlooking theCanada Glacier, after which it is named.

82 Carroll, Mount: 63°26'S, 57°03'W, mountain rising to650 m a.s.l., south of Hope Bay, Trinity Peninsula. Namedafter Tom Carroll (b. 1864), Newfoundland boatswain onthe Eagle, the Operation Tabarin relief ship, 1944–45.

83 Doran Glacier: 77°43'S, 162°40'E, glacier between Sollasand Marr Glaciers on the north slope of Kukri Hills, Vic-toria Land. Named in association with Doran Stream (seebelow).

84 Doran Stream: 77°42'S, 162°34'E, meltwater stream thatflows north from an unnamed glacier east of Sollas Glaci-er to Priscu Stream in Taylor Valley, Victoria Land.Named after Dr Peter T. Doran, Canadian-born paleo-limnologist, who has worked in the McMurdo Dry Valleyssince 1993.

85 [Eagle Cove]: 63°24'S, 57°00'W, a small cove on thesouth side of Hope Bay near the tip of the AntarcticPeninsula. Named after the Newfoundland sealing vesselEagle, under Master R. Sheppard, that helped establishthe Falklands Islands Dependencies Service (FIDS) baseat Hope Bay in 1945. (See also Sheppard Nunatak andSheppard Point in the previous list.)

14

86 [Eagle Island]: 63°40'S, 57°29'W, a small island be-tween Trinity Peninsula and Vega Island on the west sideof the Antarctic Peninsula. Named after the Newfound-land sealer Eagle (see Eagle Cove above).

87 Fred Cirque: 72°34'S, 0°25'E, a large cirque on the sideof Roots Heights (see previous list). Named after DrErnest Frederick Roots, OC, FRSC (b. 1923), chief geolo-gist on the Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedi-tion, 1949–52.

88 Ghent Ridge: 77°34'S, 163°07'E, a ridge that parallelsthe southern flank of Commonwealth Glacier, VictoriaLand. Named after Dr Edward D. Ghent, leader of the1965–66 Victoria University Antarctic Expedition, nowwith the Department of Geology and Geophysics, Univer-sity of Calgary.

89 Hayward, Mount: 78°07'S, 167°21'E, a hilll on WhiteIsland, two miles south of Mt Heine. Named for Victor G.Hayward, a Canadian member of the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition (1914–17), Ross Sea Party, who losthis life in a blizzard on 8 May 1916 when the sea ice inMcMurdo Sound went out.

90 Hollick-Kenyon Peninsula: 68°35'S 63°50'W, an ice-cov-ered spur from the main mountain mass of the AntarcticPeninsula. Named for Herbert Hollick-Kenyon, Canadianpilot on Lincoln Ellsworth’s Trans-Antarctic flight of1935; recognized as Kenyon Peninsula by Argentina andthe U.K. (see previous list).

91 Hollick-Kenyon Plateau: 78°00'S, 105°00'W, 1200–1800 mhigh, rather featureless plateau near the ‘root’ of theAntarctic Peninsula. Named as above.

92 Jacobs Peak: 80°05'S, 157°46'E, 2040 m a.s.l., in the Bri-tannia Range, at the north end of the ridge west ofRagotzkie Glacier, north of Byrd Glacier. Named for DrJohn D. Jacobs, who wintered over with the 9th SovietAntarctic Expedition at Vostok, 1963–65, now with theGeography Department, Memorial University of New-foundland, St. John’s.

93 Lord Nunatak: 80°21'S, 24°01'W, a nunatak 2.5 kmsouthwest of Baines Nunatak, in the Shackleton Range.

Named after William B. Lord, Canadian artilleryman andjoint author with T. Baines of Shifts and Expedients ofCamp Life, Travel and Exploration, London, 1871; in associ-ation with the group of pioneers of polar life and travel.

94 Marø Cliffs: 79°04'S, 28°30'W, prominent rock cliffssouthwest of Jeffries Glacier in the Theron Mountains.Named for Harald Marø, Halifax-based captain of theCanadian sealer Theron that was chartered by membersof the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition (CTAE)to the Filchner Ice Shelf in 1955–56.

95 [Muskegbukta]: 70°10'S, 2°31'W, small bay in Fimbu-lisen on Kronprinsesse Märtha Kyst. Probably namedafter the Canadian “Muskeg” tractor.

96 [Otterbukta]: 70°10'S 2°23'W, small bay in Fimbulisenon Kronprinsesse Märtha Kyst. Probably named after theCanadian de Havilland Otter aircraft.

97 Perk Summit: 77°35'S, 162°54'E, 1750 m a.s.l., the high-est elevation on the ridge between Mount McLennan andMount Keohane, in the Asgard Range, Victoria Land.Named after Henry Perk, chief pilot of Kenn Borek AirLtd., Calgary, Alberta, who has flown the Canadian deHavilland Twin Otter aircraft in support of U.S. programsin Antarctica.

98 Shaw Trough: 77°32'S, 160°54'E, a primary elongatetrough in the McMurdo Dry Valleys. Named after DrJohn Shaw, Department of Geography, University ofAlberta, Edmonton.

99 Strathcona, Mount: 67°25'S, 99°12'E, 1380 m a.s.l., anoutstanding nunatak on the western side of DenmanGlacier, in Queen Mary Land. Named by Sir DouglasMawson for Donald Alexander Smith, Lord Strathconaand Mount Royal , G.C.M.G., G.C.V.O., High Commis-sioner for Canada in London from 1896 until his death in1914, and a patron of the Australasian Antarctic Expedi-tion, 1911–14.

100 [Sunker Nunataks]: 76°40'S, 161°25'E, a group ofsmall, rounded nunataks rising through the ice on theeastern side of Northwind Glacier, and through the low-est portion of the upper Fry Glacier, in the Convoy

15C A N A D I A N A N T A R C T I C R E S E A R C H N E T W O R K

Range, Victoria Land, similar in appearance to a reef atsea. Sunker is a Canadian generic used to describe sub-merged rocks in Newfoundland and Nova Scotia.

101 [Theron Mountains]: 79°05'S, 28°15'W, 1175 m a.s.l.,mountains extending NE–SW on the eastern side of theFilchner Ice Shelf. Named after the Canadian sealerTheron, the ship chartered by members of the CTAE tothe Filchner Ice Shelf in 1955–56 (see Marø Cliffs).

102 [Tickle Channel]: 67°06'S, 67°43'W, a narrow channelin the southern part of Hanusse Bay, separating HansenIsland from the eastern extremity of Adelaide Island.Tickle is a Canadian generic used to describe narrow,treacherous, water passages in Newfoundland, andrarely in Nova Scotia and Nunavut.

103 Vincent Creek: 77°43'S, 162°26'E, a meltwater streamflowing from Hughes Glacier to Lake Bonney in TaylorValley, Victoria Land. Named after Dr Warwick F. Vin-cent, a New Zealand limnologist, who worked in theMcMurdo Dry Valleys, now with the Department ofBiology, Université Laval.

104 Whitten Peak: 63°25'S, 57°04'W, 445 m a.s.l., pyrami-dal peak at the northeastern end of Blade Ridge, west-ern side of the head of Hope Bay, Antarctic Peninsula.Named for R. Whitten, first mate of the Newfoundlandship Eagle, which participated in FIDS operations in

1944–45.References

Canada, Secretary of State and Energy Mines and Resources

Canada. 1987. Generic terms in Canada’s geographical names.Ottawa, Ont., Secretary of State, Translation Bureau. Energy

Mines and Resources Canada, Canadian Permanent Committee

on Geographical Names (Terminology Bull. 176).

Hattersley-Smith, G. 2005. Canadians in Antarctic place-names.

CARN Newsl., 20, 3–8.

Italy, Programma Nazionale di Ricerche in Antartide, 2000. Com-posite gazetteer of Antarctica. Rome, Programma Nazionale di

Ricerche in Antartide and Scientific Committee on Antarctic

Research, Geoscience Standing Scientific Group (http://

apple.arcoveggio.enea.it/SCAR_GAZE).

King, H.G.R., ed. 1988. The wicked mate: the Antarctic diary ofVictor Campbell. Huntingdon and Alburgh, Bluntisham Books

and the Erskine Press.

Loken, O.H. 2000. Geographical Names Board of Canada approves

Antarctic geographical name. CARN Newsl., 11, 11.

Simon Ommanney (simon.ommanney@ sympatico.ca) isSecretary of the Canadian Committee on Antarctic Research.For 15 years he chaired the Advisory Committee on Glacio-logical and Alpine Nomenclature of what is now the Geo-graphical Names Board of Canada.

16

Protocol for Canada–Argentina CollaborationOn 29 November 2006, Dr Mariano Mémolli of the Direc-ción Nacional del Antártico (DNA), Dr Michel Ringuet ofthe Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Dr SergeDemers of the Institut des Sciences de la mer de Rimouski(ISMER), and Dr Sergio Marenssi of the Instituto AntárticoArgentino (IAA), met in Buenos Aires to sign a protocol forcollaboration between Canada and Argentina, building on aprevious protocol signed on 20 August 2001.

The agreement supports scientific research in theAntarctic on the environment and related technological de-

velopments. The intent is to better understand the southernpolar ecosystem, while minimizing environmental impactsresulting from the research and facilities used to study it.

The Canadian team will acquire a scientific laboratoryand a bunkhouse for six scientists and technicians at theArgentine Esperanza base (see Fig. 5, p. 12) for a period ofthree years. There is a provision for automatic renewal ofthe protocol for subsequent three-year periods as long asboth parties wish it.

UQAR/ISMER will provide the scientific equipment

On October 22, 2010, the Geographical Names Board of Cana-

da approved a proposal from John Splettstoesser, past Presi-

dent of the American Polar Society, Antarctic geologist and

lecturer on Antarctic cruises since 1983, to recognize the

Antarctic contributions of a retired Canadian Coast Guard

Captain.

Patrick R. M. Toomey was born in Sussex, England, and

now lives in Kingston, Ontario. He started his sea career in

1951 at the age of 15 as an officer cadet/apprentice in the

British Merchant Navy, serving an apprenticeship with Fur-

ness Withy and sailing worldwide on cargo ships for the next

three years. From 1954 to 1964 he sailed in the British Mer-

chant Navy on cargo ships and one cruise liner, obtaining his

Master (Foreign-Going) Certificate in 1960.

He and his family moved to Canada in 1964, where he

joined the Canadian Coast Guard, Atlantic Region, in Dart-

mouth, Nova Scotia. He was appointed first Cadet Supervi-

sor/Deputy Director of the new Canadian Coast Guard Col-

lege, in Sydney, Nova Scotia, in 1965, serving in that capacity

until 1967. He then returned to fleet duty in the Quebec

Coast Guard region and commanded ten different Coast

Guard vessels in the Arctic, East Coast waters and the Great

Lakes before retiring as the Senior Captain in the Canadian

Coast Guard Fleet in 1991. Toomey’s first command in 1970

was the CCGS Simcoe out of Prescott, Ontario, working the

Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Seaway. From 1987–89, he was

the Senior Nautical Officer in charge of the “Polar 8” Ice-

breaker Project, and Captain-designate of the world’s most

powerful icebreaker (the program was terminated after two

years’ design work and the ship was never built).

During his 27 years with the Canadian Coast Guard, he

completed 21 navigation seasons in the Canadian Arctic on

Canadian icebreakers, 18 of these as Icebreaker Captain. He

completed four transits of the Northwest Passage, the first of

these being only the 17th transit ever recorded. Since 1992,

Capt. Toomey has served as ice pilot aboard Russian icebreak-

ers and international passengers ships on more than 50 voy-

ages in the Arctic and 25 in the Antarctic; the former includ-

ing 11 complete transits of the Northwest Passage (six east-

bound, five westbound), three voyages to the North Pole and

one transit of the Northern Sea Route; and the latter includ-

ing 16 voyages as Ice Pilot on the Holland America Line ves-

sels Rotterdam, Amsterdam and Prinsendam sailing from

Argentina, New Zealand and Australia; his 26th voyage into

Antarctic waters was in February 2009, and he has achieved

one complete circumnavigation of the Antarctic Continent on

a Russian icebreaker.

As an Ice Navigation Specialist, he has made numerous

court appearances as an expert witness and assessor for litiga-

tion involving ice navigation. Other consultant work has in -

cluded ice navigation training for the Canadian Coast Guard,

the Chilean Navy and the private sector. His counsel on mat-

ters concerning ice navigation is sought by industry on both

sides of the Atlantic and he has contributed to the develop-

ment of international regulations concerning ice navigation.

13C A N A D I A N A N T A R C T I C R E S E A R C H N E T W O R K

Toomey Strait – New Canadian Antarctic Name

C. Simon L. Ommanney

Delineation of Toomey Strait (Google Earth©)

He is a contributor to books on the Arctic and Antarctic, and

to television programs on the Discovery Channel, CBC, Radio

Canada and the History Channel, and most recently has co-

authored a manual on ice navigation. A list of his most rele-

vant publications follows.

Toomey Strait is a body of water, on the west side of

the Antarctic Peninsula, separating Fridtjof Island from Wien -

cke Island, at 64°53’ S, 63°24’ W (Fig. 1). It is adjacent to

Gerlache Strait through which Capt. Toomey has sailed many

times.

Selected References

Dickins, D.F. and P.R.M. Toomey, 1998. A study of the technicalaspects of deep draft shipping to the western Arctic: finalreport. Yellowknife, N.W.T., Government of the Northwest

Territories. Department of Transportation, Planning

Division.

House, D.J., M. Lloyd, Capt., P.R.M. Toomey, Capt. and D.

Dickins, 2010. The ice navigation manual. Livingston, U.K.,

Witherby Seamanship International Ltd.

Splettstoesser, J., P. Toomey and J.P. Harris, 2003. Antarctic

Circle crossed by large cruise vessel. Polar Geogr., 27(3),

272–275.

Toomey, P.R.M., 1973. Icebreakers to control ice jams. InWilliams, G.P., ed. Seminar on Ice Jams in Canada, Universi-ty of Alberta, 7 May 1973. Ottawa, Ont., National Research

Council of Canada. Associate Committee on Geotechnical

Research. Snow and Ice Subcommittee, July, 96–101.

(ACGR Technical Memorandum 107.)

Toomey, P.R.M., 1994. Master mariner’s perspective on the

performance of icebreakers. ICETECH ‘94, the Fifth Inter-national Conference on Ships and Marine Structures in ColdRegions, 16–18 March 1994, Westin Hotel, Calgary, Alberta,Canada. Proceedings. Calgary, Alta., Society of Naval Archi-

tects and Marine Engineers. Arctic Section, V1–V16.

Toomey, P.R.M., 2001. Explanation for the reported thinning

of sea ice at the North Pole. Polar Rec., 37(201), 171–172.

Toomey, P.R.M., Capt., 2007. Global warming: Arctic shipping.

Meridian/Méridien, Fall/Winter 2007, 19–25.

Toomey, P.R.M., 2008. Book review. “Unknown Waters: A

First-Hand Account of the Historic Under-Ice Survey of

the Siberian Continental Shelf by USS Queenfish (SSN-

651),” by Alfred S. McLaren, Captain U.S. Navy (Retired).

Tuscaloosa: The University of Alabama Press, 2008. ISBN

978-0-8173-1602-0. xxii + 243 p., maps, b&w illus., glossary,

bib., index. Hardbound. US$29.95. Arctic, 61(3), 338–339.

14

Is Antarctica Threatened by Increasing CO2?Hardy B. Granberg

Participation of the Centre d’applications et de recherches en

télédétection (CARTEL), Université de Sherbrooke, in Fin -

nish Antarctic research began with the First Finnish Antarctic

Expedition to the Weddell Sea in 1989 (FINNARP-89). Our

helicopter-mounted laser profiling system enabled ice-thick-

ness profiles to be measured to distances of 150 km from the

expedition vessel, the R/V Aranda (Granberg and Leppäran-

ta, 1999).

Freeze-melt needs about 13% of the energy that evapo-

ration–condensation requires to produce an equal amount of

freshwater. In the former case, the end products, freshwater

and salt-enriched brine, are cold. In the latter they are war -

mer. Hence, as sea ice began to form in Antarctica this new,

more energy-efficient density-separation mechanism began to

change not only the thermal regime and circulation of the

oceans, but also the Earth’s climate. Animations of passive

microwave imagery show ice forming in coastal polynyas

where the cold katabatic outflow from the Antarctic glacial