CAMPUS 3D PRINTINGRESOURCES

Jane Scott

Library ManagerDigital Services & Technology Planning

Last updated: 10/22/2021

CONTENTS

3D PRINTING BASICS

3D Printing Technologies3

CAMPUS RESOURCES

Health Sciences DigitalLibrary and Learning Center

6

Radiology 3D Printer andMachine Shop

7

Simulation Center8

3D Printing & Copyright5

3D PRINTING BASICS

Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)Material extrusion is a 3D printing process where afilament of solid thermoplastic material is pushedthrough a heated nozzle, meltiang it in the process. Theprinter deposits the material on a build platform along apredetermined path, where the filament cools andsolidifies to form a solid object.

Stereolithography (SLA)An SLA printer uses mirrors, known as galvanometersor galvos, with one positioned on the X-axis and anotheron the Y-axis. These galvos rapidly aim a laser beamacross a vat of resin, selectively curing and solidifying across-section of the object inside this build area, buildingit up layer by layer. Most SLA printers use a solid statelaser to cure parts. The disadvantage to these types of3D printing technology using a point laser is that it cantake longer to trace the cross-section of an object whencompared to DLP.

3D Printing Technologies

Researcher observing his print being created on a Taz 5 FDM Printer

Digital Light Processing (DLP)Looking at Digital Light Processing machines, these types of 3D printing technology are almost the same as SLA. The key difference is that DLP uses a digital light projector to flash a single image of each layer all at once (or multiple flashes for larger parts). Because the projectoris a digital screen, the image of each layer is composed of square pixels, resulting in a layer formed fromsmall rectangular blocks called voxels. DLP can achieve faster print times compared to SLA. That’sbecause an entire layer is exposed all at once, rather than tracing the cross-sectional area with the pointof a laser.Light is projected onto the resin using light-emitting diode (LED) screens or a UV light source(lamp) that is directed to the build surface by a Digital Micromirror Device (DMD).A DMD is an array ofmicro-mirrors that control where light is projected and generate the light-pattern on the build surface.

Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)Creating an object with Powder Bed Fusion technology and polymer powder is generally known asSelective Laser Sintering (SLS). As industrial patents expire, these types of 3D printing technology are

SOURCE: https://all3dp.com/1/types-of-3d-printers-3d-printing-technology/

Laser hardening the resin layer of the Library's Form 2 SLA Printer

becoming increasingly common and lower cost. First, a bin of polymer powder is heated to a temperaturejust below the polymer’s melting point. Next, a recoating blade or wiper deposits a very thin layer of thepowdered material — typically 0.1 mm thick — onto a build platform.

Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) / Selective Laser Melting (SLM)This is the main difference between DMLS and SLM; the former produces parts from metal alloys, whilethe latter form single element materials, such as titanium. Both Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) andSelective Laser Melting (SLM) produce objects in a similar fashion to SLS. The main difference is thatthese types of 3D printing technology are applied to the production of metal parts. DMLS does not meltthe powder but instead heats it to a point so that it can fuse together on a molecular level. SLM uses thelaser to achieve a full melt of the metal powder forming a homogeneous part. This results in a part thathas a single melting temperature (something not produced with an alloy).

Material JettingMaterial Jetting is a 3D printing process where droplets of material are selectively deposited and cured on a build plate. Using photopolymers or wax droplets that cure when exposed to light, objects are built up one layer at a time. The nature of the Material Jetting process allows for different materials to be printed in the same object. One application for this technique is to fabricate support structures from a different material to the model being produced.

Drop on Demand (DOD) DOD is a type of 3D printing technology that uses a pair of ink jets. One deposits the build materials, which is typically a wax-like material. The second is used for dissolvable support material. As with typical types of 3D printing technology, DOD printers follow a predetermined path to jet material in a point-wise deposition, creating the cross-sectional area of an object layer-by-layer. DOD printers also use a fly-cutter that skims the build area after each layer is created, ensuring a perfectly flat surface before commencing the next layer. DOD printers are usually used to create patterns suitable for lost-wax casting or investment casting, and other mold-making applications.

Binder JettingBinder Jetting is a 3D printing process where a liquid bonding agent selectively binds regions of a powderbed. Binder Jetting is a similar 3D printing technology to SLS, with the requirement for an initial layer ofpowder on the build platform. But unlike SLS, which uses a laser to sinter powder, Binder Jetting moves aprint head over the powder surface depositing binder droplets which are typically 80 microns in diameter.These droplets bind the powder particles together to produce each layer of the object. Once a layer hasbeen printed, the powder bed is lowered and a new layer of powder is spread over the recently printedlayer. This process is repeated until a complete object is formed. The object is then left in the powder tocure and gain strength. Afterwards, the object is removed from the powder bed and any unbound powderis removed using compressed air.

SOURCE: https://all3dp.com/1/types-of-3d-printers-3d-printing-technology/

Material Jetting in Radiology Lab

3D PRINTING & COPYRIGHT

Did you create this object and retain copyright? (Copyright owners may copy,transform and disseminate their creations)Is the object protected by copyright? Is it wholly useful or in the publicdomain? (Keep in mind that useful objects, or the useful components of objects withboth useful and aesthetic characteristics are not protected by copyright.) Is the object protected by other intellectual property laws? (Useful objects, or theuseful components of objects with both useful and aesthetic characteristics may beprotected under other intellectual property laws, like patent law.)

Are you beginning with a scan of a pre-existing object?

Where a digital file of a book, a scan of a book, and a physical copy of a book are usually allconsidered equivocal copies by Copyright law, the same cannot always be said in the world of3D printing. Copyright may protect the design of a 3D object, the file that the printer andprogram use to create the object, and the final object in different ways.

Is the design file protected by copyright or other intellectual property laws? (Adesign file for a useful object may be protected by copyright even if the 3D printedobject is not.)Is the file licensed under Creative Commons or other licensing mechanism thatallows your use?

Are you beginning with a design file created by someone else?

Is it a useful object? (Useful objects, or the useful components of objects with bothuseful and aesthetic characteristics are not protected by copyright. )

Are you intending to sell or license your 3D projects?

Questions to Ask Yourself Before Beginning a 3D Printing Project

3 Steps for Licensing Your 3D Printed Stuff Michael Weinberg's white paper that seeks to explain the licensing and copyrightstatus of 3D printed items.What's the Deal with Copyright and 3D Printing? A white paper by Michael Weinberg that explores how copyright is applied to 3Dobjects.As 3D Printing Becomes More Accessible, Copyright Questions Arise NPR broadcast and article exploring the emerging questions of copyright in the 3Dprinting landscape.

Additional Resources for 3D Printing

SOURCE: http://guides.lib.usf.edu/c.php?g=5784&p=1838844#s-lg-box-5617798

Form 2 (SLA) resins , Cure and Wash stationsThe 2017 Technology Award 3D printer is a Form 2 with a Curing station and a Washing station. This printer is currently unavailable. However, the Library does have resins including Black, Clear, Dental, Durable, Flexible, Grey, Tough, and White, that may be used at no cost on other Form 2 (SLA) devices for UT Southwestern educational purposes. The Wash and Cure stations are also available for use by appointment.

Taz 5 (FDM) filament and demo availabilityThe 2015 Technology Award 3D printer is a Taz 5. This machine has been well used and is currently most effective for small project demonstrations for career fairs like HPREP. Filament can also be shared at no cost for projects on other FDM compatible devices for academic purposes.

Contact Jane.Scott@utsouthwestern.edu to schedule individualized training, inquire about resins and equipment, assist with appropriate project expectations and referrals.

Health Sciences Digital Library and Learning Center

CAMPUS RESOURCES

The Health Sciences Digital Library and Learning Centerprovides basic training and equipment for exploring 3D printingtechnology at no cost. If you are new to the technology, this isthe best place to start on campus. The Health Sciences DigitalLibrary and Learning Center is the proud recipient of theNational Network of Libraries of Medicine, South CentralChapter 2017 and 2015 Emerging Technology Award. Thepurpose of the award was to encourage 3D printing literacy toour campus community through access to a 3D printer,supplies, and electronic resources including the NIH 3D PrintExchange (https://3dprint.nih.gov/). This website provides 3Dprinted scientific and medical models, tutorials, and a learningcommunity discussion board for troubleshooting.

CAMPUS RESOURCES

Dr. Rajiv Chopra's laboratory manages a 3D printerresource in the Department of Radiology. The ProjetHD3510plus from 3D Systems is capable of producing partswith a resolution of 19um, and can also print moving parts.The system is an essential tool in Dr. Chopra's researchprogram for producing complex parts for HIFU devices orexperimental platforms. A Qidi 3D printer is available forPLA/ABS printing projects.

In addition to the 3D printers, the Department ofRadiology has a full machine shop with manual and CNCtools, as well as a staff machinist available to supportinternal and external projects.

Please contact Rajiv.Chopra@utsouthwestern.edu if youhave any interest in using his services or visit his lab'swebsite - http://www.utsouthwestern.edu/labs/chopra

Department of Radiology3D Printer and Machine Shop

Projet HD3510plus from 3D systems

Dr. Chopra's Lab

3D Printing and CAD Design

Simulation Center

CAMPUS RESOURCESUT Southwestern’s state-of-the-art Simulation Center is one ofthe largest simulation centers in the United States.Occupying the entire second and third floors of the WestCampus medical building, the Simulation Center replicatesand creates virtual environments for training in clinical careand procedures provided in a wide variety of settings,including operating rooms, labor and delivery suites, intensivecare units, and the emergency room.

Twenty standardized patient rooms are available to trainhealth care providers, with their education further enhanced byinterchangeable high-fidelity manikin rooms, task trainingspaces, dedicated classrooms, and other labs and facilities.

In support of the Simulation Center operations, the MachineShop has acquired 3D printers for production and support. These devices may be available for use for a specificappropriate academic and instructional objectives. Availabilityand appropriateness are to be determined by the SimulationCenter support staff. Fees are charged for 3D printing basedon staff time/consultation time and material usage (% of costof materials used).Contact Kirk.Atkinson@utsouthwestern.eduor Wade.Radicioni@utsouthwestern.edu or for furtherinquiries.

Nylon – Flexible, durable and corrosion-resistant. Used forprototyping or printing tools, has a high strength-to-weight ratio. Polylactic Acid (PLA) Plastic – Fast, safe and reliable. Madefrom renewable resources.Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) Plastic – Shatterproof, withstands heats up to 85°C.Copolyester (CPE) - Chemical and temperature resistant, withdimensional stability, it’s great for functional prototypes andmechanical parts.PVA – A water soluble support material used to keep your printjobs looking smooth and even.Polycarbonate (PC) - Offers a high temperature resistance,good mechanical strength and toughness, which makes it agreat choice for molds, tools, and functional prototypes.

Ultimaker 3

CAMPUS RESOURCES

Liquid resins are used to print with this device.They range from Firm to Flexible. It is usedprimarily for dental fittings and prototypingsmall parts.

Liquid Crystal Precision 1.5

Nylon – Flexible, durable and corrosion-resistant. Used forprototyping or printing tools, has a high strength-to-weight ratio. Onyx – Onyx yields stiff, strong, and accurate parts. Already1.4 times stronger and stiffer than ABS, Onyx can be reinforcedwith any continuous fiber. Onyx sets the bar for surface finish,chemical resistivity, and heat tolerance.Reinforcement Materials .

Mark Two by Mark Forged

Kevlar– Kevlar® possesses excellent durability, making it optimal for parts that experience repeatedand sudden loading. As stiff as fiberglass and much more ductile, it’s best used for end of arm tooling. Carbon Fiber – Carbon Fiber has the highest strength to weight ratio of our reinforcing fibers. Sixtimes stronger and eighteen times stiffer than Onyx, Carbon Fiber reinforcement is commonly used forparts that replace machined aluminum.

Can print in any material that can be spooled andextruded, such as PLA, ABS, PVA, PC and so on.

Big Rep Studio

Used to scan any object or material andimport it into a CAD designing software.

Peel 3D Scanner with Turntable

Simulation Center

Last Updated: 10/22/2021

Organizational Training & Development prototype printed on the Library's Form 2