Campaign Year of 1775 - 1776. American Advantages and Disadvantages Advantages Fighting for a cause...

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Campaign Year of 1775 - 1776

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Transcript of Campaign Year of 1775 - 1776. American Advantages and Disadvantages Advantages Fighting for a cause...

Page 1: Campaign Year of 1775 - 1776. American Advantages and Disadvantages Advantages Fighting for a cause Familiar with the territory Familiar with guns.

Campaign Year of 1775 - 1776

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American Advantages and Disadvantages

• AdvantagesFighting for a causeFamiliar with the territoryFamiliar with gunsPrivateersEventually got foreign help

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American Advantages and Disadvantages

• DisadvantagesUntrained armyFew war materialsNo navy

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English ( British ) Advantages and Disadvantages

• AdvantagesLarge well trained army and well

disciplinedNavyMost powerful country in the world

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English ( British ) Advantages and Disadvantages

• DisadvantagesFighting 3,000 miles from homeCommunicationSupplyWho was your enemy?Unfamiliar with the territoryWar became expensive and unpopular at home

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Definitions

• Tories or Loyalists – colonists who remain loyal to England

• Rebels or Patriots – colonists who revolt against England

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Campaign Year of 1775

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Night of April 18th – 19th

“The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere”

by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

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Battles of Lexington and Concord

• Minutemen ( militia ) – citizen soldiers

• April 19th – fighting at Lexington Green, Concord Bridge and all the way back to Boston

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The Shot Heard ‘Round the World

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•By the end of the day the British were bottled up in Boston

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May 10th – Ethan Allen ( A ) and Benedict Arnold ( A ) capture Ft.

Ticonderoga

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May, 1775

• Second Continental Congress meets in Philadelphia

• Sends Olive Branch Petition to England

• King George III orders 20,000 more troops to the colonies

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July, 1775

• Continental Congress appoints George Washington ( A ) commander – in – chief of the Continental Army

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July, 1775 – Battle of Bunker Hill ( B )

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Winter of 1775 - 1776

• Henry Knox ( A ) moves cannon from Crown Point and Ft. Ticonderoga to Boston

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Benedict Arnold ( A ) and Richard Montgomery ( A )

invade Canada unsuccessfully

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Campaign Year of 1776

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Boston - 1776

George Washington ( A ) puts Henry Knox’s ( A ) cannon on Dorchester Heights and the British have to evacuate Boston.

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In 1776, the British have a plan to win the war -

gain control of the waterways of New York and divide the colonies. Crush the revolution in New England and it will fall apart in the rest of the colonies

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Battles for New York City George Washington ( A ) vs

Sir William Howe ( B )

• Battle of Long Island ( Brooklyn Heights )

• Battle of Harlem Heights

• Battle of White Plains

• British control New York City for the rest of the war

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Nathan Hale – “ I regret that I have but one life to lose for my country”

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Battle of Long Island ( Brooklyn Heights )

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Battle of White Plains

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Continental Congress

• Philadelphia• John Hancock -

President

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Thomas Paine

• Common Sense –”tis time to part”

• Sold over 500,000 copies

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Richard Henry Lee

• June – introduces a resolution to separate from England

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Committee appointed to write a formal declaration of independence

• John Adams• Thomas Jefferson• Ben Franklin• Roger Sherman• Robert Livingston

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July 4, 1776 – Declaration of Independence Signed

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Declaration of Independence

• Three Main Parts

1. Preamble

2. Listing of the wrong that led Americans to break away from England

3. Announcement that the colonies are now the United States of America

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Battle of Valcour Island ( B )Benedict Arnold ( A ) vs Sir Guy

Carleton ( B )

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Valcour Island

• American navy defeated but it gained us time because the British were not able to continue their invasion because of the lateness of the season

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Thomas Paine

• The Crisis – “these are the times that try men’s souls”

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Battle of TrentonDecember , 1776

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Battle of PrincetonJanuary, 1777

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Trenton and Princeton were key American victories at the end of the Campaign Year of 1776

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How did the war effect other people? Blacks in the Revolution

• Crispus Attucks – Boston Massacre

• Blacks fought on both sides / promise of freedom – “Samuel’s Choice”

• All Black Unit – 1st Rhode Island

• 1 in 20 soldiers in the Continental army were black after 1778

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How did the war effect other people?

Women in the Revolution • “camp followers” – wives and children

• Home front

• Nurses

• Mercy Otis Warren – playwright

• Phillis Wheatly – poetess

• Mary Ludwig Hays – “Molly Pitcher” – 1778 - Battle of Monmouth

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Women in the Revolution

• Deborah Sampson – fought

• Betsy Ross

• Martha Washington

• Abigail Adams

• Mary Katherine Goddard - printer

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How did the war effect other people? – Loyalists/Tories

• 100,000 forced to leave the country after the war

• 30,000 in New York

• Went to England, West Indies and Canada

• Many Loyalists in the South

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Foreign Help

• Marquis de Lafayette• France• Washington’s Staff

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Foreign Help

• Baron Frederick von Steuben – Prussia – trained army during the winter at Valley Forge

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Foreign Help

• Thaddeus Kosciusko – Poland – engineer – designed fortifications

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Foreign Help

• Casimir Pulaski – Poland - cavalry

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Naval Warfare

• “Turtle” – submarine – NYC – 1776

• Privateers- legal pirates – letters of marque and reprisal – after 1777 privateers could use French ports

• John Paul Jones – “Bonhomme Richard” – 1779 – “I have not yet begun to fight”

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