Campaign Finance Outline_3.doc

8/20/2019 Campaign Finance Outline_3.doc

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CAMPAIGN FINANCE OUTLINE

I. General Concepts............................................................................................................3 A. United States v. UAW (1956).......................................................................3B. Basic Constitutional Concepts.....................................................................3

II. Activities...........................................................................................................................3 A. Contributions................................................................................................3

B. Ependitures................................................................................................!C. "ndependent Ependitures...........................................................................!#. "ssue versus Election Advocac$..................................................................5E. Electioneerin% Co&&unication....................................................................6'. #isclosure....................................................................................................

III. Independent v. Coordinated activity..............................................................................8 A. Basic ule....................................................................................................*B. +re,BCA e%ulations................................................................................*C. +ost,BCA e%ulations. 11 C' - 19./1................................................9

I. Political Co!!ittees......................................................................................................"" A. #e0inition....................................................................................................11B. estrictions................................................................................................11C. eportin% euire&ents............................................................................1/

. Political Parties.............................................................................................................."3 A. 2istor$........................................................................................................13B. ational +arties and Co&&ittees..............................................................13C. State and 4ocal Co&&ittees.....................................................................15

I. Corporations and Unions.............................................................................................."# A. +olic$.........................................................................................................1B. Covered Entities. / U.S.C. - !!1b............................................................1C. estrictions................................................................................................1#. Econo&ic Corporations.............................................................................1E. Eceptions.................................................................................................1*'. 5/ r%aniations....................................................................................../17. 51(c) r%aniations................................................................................./1

II. P$%lic F$ndin&...............................................................................................................'' A. 7eneral......................................................................................................//B. +ri&ar$ 8atcin%.......................................................................................//C. 7eneral Election 'undin%........................................................................../3

#. 7E4AC 'unds............................................................................................/!E. Constitutionalit$........................................................................................./!

III.En(orce!ent...................................................................................................................') A. 2istor$ o0 En0orce&ent............................................................................../6B. Structure..................................................................................................../6C. Areas o0 peration...................................................................................../6#. 'EC Co&plaint 2andlin%.........................................................................../E. :udicial En0orce&ent................................................................................./*

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I*. Internet............................................................................................................................'8

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.I GENE+AL CONCEPT,

.A United ,tates v. UA- "/0)1• :ustice 'ran;0urter


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.a Con%ress &a$ restrict because act o0 %ivin% is s$&bolic@ and notdependent on actual a&ount. Buc;le$.b Ct. narro). Buc;le$.

.! +rotection depends on t$pe o0 speec not its source. Bellotti.

.5 4i&its on coordinated ependitures G because te$ are contributions. Colorado "".

.6 2UT ,EE 4andell v. Her&ont +"7 (/d Cir. //). Act 6! restricted ca&pai%ne b$ tird parties count a%ainst ependiture ceilin%.• Based on etensive le%islative 0indin%s@ court re?ected per se ban on

ependiture restrictions.

• #istin%uised Buc;le$ bIc tere no evidence tat ependitures li&its


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.C Independent E


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./ Line %et6een IA and EA not constit$tionally !andated. =Advocac$ o0 teelection or de0eat o0 candidates 0or 0ederal o00ice is no less entitled to protectionunder te 'irst A&end&ent tan te discussion o0 political polic$ %enerall$ or advocac$ o0 te pass or de0eat o0 le%islation.> Buc;le$.

.3 Co$rt decisions on e

• Buc;le$ narro elect> support>=cast $our ballot 0or =S&it 0or Con%ress =vote a%ainst> =de0eat>=re?ect.>)

• 8C'4. EA not reuire &a%ic and ten providin%

na&es and pictures is EA. 8C'4.c Narro6 Interpretations. (pre,8cConnell)

.i FEC v. Cent>l Lon& Island Ta< +e(or! I!!ediately Co!!ittee(C4""8) (/d. Cir. 19*).

• Bulletin publised b$ nonpro0it association prior to electionlistin% candidates votin% records not epress advocac$.

.ii FEC v. C5ristian Action Net6or9 (!t Cir. 199/).• CA aired ads criticiin% te =&ilitant o&oseual a%enda> o0

te ClintonI7ore tic;et i&&ediatel$ prior to 199/ election. ="stis $our vision 0or A&ericaM> (te 0la% ad). Ct. conceded itre0erred to clearl$ identi0ied candidate but said did not advocatede0eat.

.iii Fa$c5er (1st Cir. 1991). =a;e,Alon% "ssue 0or Election #a$> stated

candidates na&es


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elect or de0eat one or &ore clearl$ identi0ied candidate(s) or encoura%esso&e oter ;ind o0 action.

.5 Unclear 65et5er yo$ loo9 at conte


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• Applies to +olitical Co&&ittees and an$ person 0inancin% epress advocac$or electioneerin% co&&unications.

• Co&&unications trou% essentiall$ an$ advertisin% &ediu&

Weter te co&&unication as been paid 0or or autoried b$ candidate

L@ or i0 not so autoried@ state te na&e and per&anent street address@telepone nu&ber or World Wide Web address o0 te person


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• EAIEC (re%ardless o0 coordination) K +roibited

• o EAIEC P Coordinated K 8a$ Be +roibited

• o EAIEC P o Coordination K ot e%ulated

.2 Pre2C+A +e&$lations.1 FECA. Coordination concept (but not


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or telepone ban; to te %eneral public@ or an$ oter 0or& o0%eneral public political advertisin%.>

.iv +ublic co&&unication tat epressl$ advocates te election or de0eat o0 a clearl$ identi0ied candidate 0or 0ederal o00ice@ O+.v P$%lic co!!$nication tat

()1 e0ers to a clearl$,identi0ied 0ederal candidate or politicalpart$ AN7()/ "s publicl$ distributed 1/ da$s or 0e


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co&&unication and te candidate clearl$ identi0ied in teco&&unication or tat candidates opponent or a political part$co&&ittee@ or an a%ent o0 te above.()/ =Substantial> i0 in0or&ation about te plans@ pro?ects@activities or needs o0 te candidate or political part$ co&&itteetat is material to te creation@ production or distribution o0 teco&&unication is conve$ed to te person pa$in% 0or teco&&unication.

.v E!ploy!ent o( Co!!on endor Use o( co!!on vendor; 11C' 19./1(d)(!)@ in te creation@ production or distribution o0 aco&&unication satis0ies te conduct standard if all of te 0ollo


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a0ter te ori%inal preparation o0 te ca&pai%n &aterials tat aredisse&inated@ distributed or republised..

.! ,a(e @ar%or= Le&islative or Policy Iss$es. 11 C' 19./1(0)

• A candidates or political part$ co&&ittees response to an inuir$ about tatcandidates or part$s positions on le%islative or polic$ issues@


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person


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+re,%eneral and post,%eneral reuired.

Ruarterl$

+re and post reuired i0 &ade ependitures in connection


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.ii Contri%$tions TO Co!!ittees.

• 'ro& "ndividual D/6@ per $ear.

• o &ore tan D3@5 &a$ be contributed to state and localparties and +ACs.

• "0 "ndividual


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• Allo is =an$ co&&unication b$ &eans

o0 television (cable and satellite)@ radio@ ne


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8ust be distributed b$ volunteers.

8a$ not be distributed trou% public advertisin%@

suc as television@ net %e $sed (or

Broadcast ads.

+ublic co&&unication re0errin% to clearl$,identi0ied

candidate. Svcs. o0 e&plo$ees J /5 ti&e on 'ed act.

• M$st %e raised %y state or local parties (cant trans0er 0ro& natl pt$)..d Constit$tionality. McConnell

.i Co!pellin& state interest. Ct. 0ound tat state co&&ittees posesa&e ris; o0 corruption as 'ederal. 'actual record


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/) Co&pellin% interestsa. Accepts protection o0 active role o0 ind. cit.• Cant restrict 0or 0ear o0 dro


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• 8e&bers ad no %overnin% ri%ts@ ad no 0inancial obli%ations. G to re%ulate &e&bersip or%s. li;e corps.

.c "" C.F.+. ""."e1"1.• "ncludes trade association@ cooperative@ corporation


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.ii ot be o


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/) G to restrict corporations independent ependitures in candidateelections bIc corporations ave a&assed


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.c Li!itations on contri%$tions %y= o part o0 earnin%s o0 inures to tebene0it o0 an$ private sareolder or individual@ no substantial part o0 teactivities o0


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.ii T6o pri!ary " +$le. o &ore tan 3 da$s a0ter date o0 second consecutive pri&ar$


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.a 'ull public 0undin% 0or &a?or part$ eli%ible candidates in %eneral election.

.b D58 (PC4A).

.c Minor and ne6 party candidates eli%ible 0or partial public 0undin%..i Minor Parties. "0 candidate o0 political part$ received 5 or &ore@but less tan /5@ o0 te total nu&ber o0 popular votes in precedin%election@ eIse


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• G to %ive eual &one$ to &a?or parties tou% teir support &a$ di00er.

• ot discri&inator$ a%ainst &inor parties because te$ can still raise &one$


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.III ENFO+CEMENT

.A @istory o( En(orce!ent

.2 ,tr$ct$re

.C Areas o( Operation.1 #isclosure./ +ublic "n0or&ation.3 +ress.! eport revie<.5 Audits.6 Advisor$ pinions

.a Co&plete


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.l #o $ou as; te uestionM Al


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.b "nvesti%ative privile%e.

.c BU +eople

.a 'EC tou%t consistent did include prase =an$oter o0 %eneral public political advertisin%.>.b Contradicts purpose o0 'ECA to co&bat actual and apparent corruption.

. /5 otice o0 +roposed ule&a;in% on "nternet Co&&unications.a +urpose e%ulate co&&ittees


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.b Would a&end prior re%ulator$ de0inition o0 =public co&&unication> toinclude

.i +aid "nternet advertise&ents placed on anoter individuals entit$ssite.

()1 Wat about advertisin% ecan%esM()/ Wat about donated ad spaceM

.ii #isburse&ents to blo%%ers &ust be disclosed()1 #oesnt propose can%e to 1.11(a) to reuire disclosure o0

pa$&ents to blo%%ers b$ candidate@ ca&pai%n or +C..iii Coordinated Co&&unications. "nternet ads could be considered=coordinated co&&unications> i0

()1 +laced on anoter persons entit$ or site 0or a 0ee@ A#()/ Coordinated


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