Camera Basics What is a photograph and why do we take pictures? What is a camera?

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Camera Basics What is a photograph and why do we take pictures? What is a camera?

Transcript of Camera Basics What is a photograph and why do we take pictures? What is a camera?

Page 1: Camera Basics What is a photograph and why do we take pictures? What is a camera?

Camera BasicsWhat is a photograph and why do we take pictures?

What is a camera?

Page 2: Camera Basics What is a photograph and why do we take pictures? What is a camera?

Pieces: Things that make a Camera Work and Why

•Shell/ Body: Protects the inside, contains the insides•Lens: collects light reflected from the subject and focuses it at the exact point occupied by the film•Aperture: Located in lens, not camera body. Controls the amount of time thatlight passing through the aperture is allowed to act on the film.•Shutter: Controls amount of light coming in and out, located in camera body.•ISO (International Standards Organization): measures light sensitivity

Page 3: Camera Basics What is a photograph and why do we take pictures? What is a camera?

SLR: What does it stand for?Most commonly usedMoving mirror system in front of shutter allows photographer to seeexactly what will be captured by film

Advantages of SLR:• Lens you look through same as lens shooting the picture• What you see in the viewfinder is same as recorded on film• Range of lenses makes SLR versatile

Disadvantages of SLR:• Expensive• Mechanical complexity makes them prone

to failure• Heavier and more awkward

Page 4: Camera Basics What is a photograph and why do we take pictures? What is a camera?

Shutters/ Lenses:1. Leaf Shutter: more accurate2. Focal plane: 2 pieces of plastic that open/ close

Focal Length: distance between film and lensStandard: 50-55 mm

Lens: tube with glass that allows and focuses light

Controlling Shutter Speed:Shutter: opens and let light in and then closes (think of it as a sophisticated door)Slower= more light ex: 1Faster= less light ex: 500

Page 5: Camera Basics What is a photograph and why do we take pictures? What is a camera?

SettingsAperture: •Device that controls/ allows amount of light inCalibrated in F stops, controls depth of field and affects exposure. Bigger F-stop: smaller opening: less light

Example: 2.8 F-stop: more light in22 F-stop: less light in

*Aperture #’s range from 1.8 (big opening)- 64 (small opening)(F-Stop is a fraction that measures the amount of stop)Determined by measuring the length of the lens and the width:If the lens is 200mm, and the width is 50mm, the F-Stop is f4.0Because: a width of 50mm is ¼ the length of 200mmSo: An f4 is much larger than an f8Helpful Hint: a ¼ inch hose is bigger than a 1/8 inch hoseTherefore: a ¼ inch opening lets more stuff through than a 1/8 inch opening

Page 6: Camera Basics What is a photograph and why do we take pictures? What is a camera?

Why does the F-Stop Matter?1. It controls the amount of light coming in.

a. Big window= More light (remember smaller number)b. Smaller window= Less light (bigger number)

2. It helps control Depth of Field*Depth of field is the amount of stuff in focus vs. the amount of stuff blurred*a. Big Window= More bend= More blurb. Smaller Window= Less Bend= Less blur

*Aperture HELPS control Depth of Field (range where you have sharp focus), it is not the only variable in this equation. Selecting a large aperture does not guarantee depth of field: Distance from Camera to Subject matters too.*Smaller Aperture gives less blur in reference to subject vs. background. It does not give less blur for other things such as motion.

Page 7: Camera Basics What is a photograph and why do we take pictures? What is a camera?

Larger aperture bending light more- blurrier(smaller F-stop #)

Clearer

Shallow depth allows focuson one focal point, otherthings blur

Page 8: Camera Basics What is a photograph and why do we take pictures? What is a camera?

Understanding the Numbers:Think of different items you can see light through: a fire hose, a garden hose, and a strawF-stops in relation to these items:

F2.8 is a fire hose- f8 is a garden hose- f16 is a straw (light coming through each)

Page 9: Camera Basics What is a photograph and why do we take pictures? What is a camera?

ISO (International Standards Organization)Measures light sensitivityLow ISO (ex: 100): portraits, objects not moving, bright sunny daysHigh ISO; sports, fast moving action

Low ISO Benefits:•Better color•Crisp•Clear

Would you use a high ISO or a low ISO to photograph a person sledding?What about your puppy taking a nap?

Page 10: Camera Basics What is a photograph and why do we take pictures? What is a camera?

Example of Aperture Settings in Relation to Image

Page 11: Camera Basics What is a photograph and why do we take pictures? What is a camera?

To Make a Photograph:1. Light2. Light Sensitive Surface3. Way to control light

3 Ways to Control Light:1. Intensity (aperture)2. Duration (shutter)3. Sensitivity of light sensitive surface (ISO)

Page 12: Camera Basics What is a photograph and why do we take pictures? What is a camera?

Composition