Camel sector in the somali regional state of ethiopia
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Transcript of Camel sector in the somali regional state of ethiopia
General Overview of the Camel Sector in the Somali
Regional State of Ethiopia
By
Grum Gebreyesus&
Seid Mohammed Ali
Presented on the
Stakeholder Workshop To Develop A Strategy For The
Ethiopian Camel Sector
February 22-23/2012
Jigjiga, Ethiopia
Map of Somali Regional State of Ethiopia
• Map of SoRSE
Introduction
•The Somali Regional State of Ethiopia (SoRSE) is situated
in SEEthiopia
•Total population: 4,439,147 , 85% are pastoralists
•SoRSEaccounts for about 50% of the total dry areas in
Ethiopia (FAO, 1998: EARO, 2000)
•Prone to rainfall variability, extreme drought and floods
•Dry-land areas can best be utilized through extensive
pastoral systems
Introduction-------
• Unpredictably variable environment -Somali pastoralists’
resilience strategy of heavily depending on the more drought-
resistantCAMEL
• Camels have efficient behavioural, anatomical and physiological
adaption mechanisms
• The camel “animal of food security” survive and produce in
drought prone areas where other animals hardly survive
Introduction-------
• Camels provide milk, meat transport, cash---
• Camel plays vital role in food security and
socio-cultural functions
• However, the sector is underutilized
• Holistic interventions are needed to make use
of the huge camel resource in the SoRSE
Objectives
• To present the current status and constraints of
the camel sector in SoRSE
• To indicate the status and major gaps within the
education component pertaining to camel sector
in SoRSE
The Status of Camel Sector in SoRSE�Camel Population of SoRSE
� Information on camel population is scarce
� Available data are contradictory
Inconsistency of camel population dataNo
Camel Population Source
1 2.9 million in SoRSE (IOSRS, 2002)
2 In Ethiopia, the only species of farm AnGR reported as increasing is the camel
(IBC, 2004)
3 Camel population of five regions, was 0.44 million; 145,073 in SoRSE
(CSA, 2005/2006)
4 2.4 million in Ethiopia (FAO, 2010)
Status of Camel Sector------
�Significance of Camel to Somali Pastoralists
Eyassu (2009)
Major Contribution Rank
Milk Production (staple diet + sale) 1st
Transport (Mobility) 2nd
Meat Production 3rd
Income from sale of camels 4th
Indemnity 5th
Status of Camel Sector-----
� For the Somali pastoralists, the camel also has social and cultural
values
Camel ownership pattern
� Babile: pastoralists have 1-150 camels (average-=14)
� Kebribeyah: 1-112 camels (average=20)
Productivity and Production Status:
– Reproduction,
– Milk
– Meat
Reproduction
• Mean age at first mating: Mehari et al., (2007)
– Male: 5.8 years
– Female: 4.9-5.0 years
• Gestation Period: 355 -389 days –ILCA(1981)
• Average birth weight: 35-40 kilograms
• Parturition Intervals: 19 mos (12-22 ) Kebebew(1998)
• Total Lifetime Production: 8-10/25-30 yrs (Farah, 204)
Milk Production
Average daily yield (liters)
Lactation length (months)
Lactation yield (liters)
Source
3- 5 15 to 18 1,244- 2,009 Tezera (1998)
7.5±0.5 282±10 days 2104±97 Baars & Kebebew(2005)
3- 6 15 - 18 1,500-2,500 Schwartz &Walsh(1992)
3.58-5.73 12 1,500-2,500 Mehari et al (2007)
Camel Meat� Live weights:
Mehari et al. (2007): Male: 407-435 kg & Female: 377- 401kg
Tezera (1998): male: 384 -486 & female: 326- 427 kg
DP: 54.03±5.13 (M) and 50.65±3.70 (F) Kurtu (2004)
• Meat production potential:
– Babilie: 230.02 - 240.28 kg (M) and 187.74 - 195.14 kg (F)
– Kebribeyah: 214.77 - 225.03 kg (M) and 199.76 - 207.16 kg (F)
• Higher AA and mineral contents and medicinal valuefor treating fracture,
asthmatics, HIV, tuberculosis, and gastritis
Camel Production Constraints
Camel production constraints
� Drought; Feed and water shortage
� Disease
� Marketing problems
� Absence of genetic interventions
� Poor social services
� Lack of national/regional camel development strategy
Constraints in the milk market chain
• Very low milk yield
• Poor milk quality and hygiene
• Poor support
• Lack of marketing facilities
• Unreliable milk market
• Weak linkages between RET users
• Inadequate extension and training
Major Camel Diseases in SoRSE
• Trypanosomiasis
• Camel Pox
• Mastitis
• Internal parasites
• External Parasites
– Mange mites
– Ticks
– Flies
Status and Gaps in Camel Education Sector in
SoRSE
• The history of agricultural higher education in SoRSE dates back
to 1999 with the establishment of Gode ATVET
• Gode ATVET has diploma level programs in Animal Sciences,
Plant Sciences and Natural resources
• Agricultural higher education in the SRS was further strengthened
by the establishment of Jigjiga University in 2007
• JJU has launched degree and DVMprograms in Animal and
Range Sciences and Veterinary Medicine in 2008/09
Status and Gaps in Camel Education ….
• Apart from the regular program, JJUlaunched Animal
and Range Sciences in its CEP programat Jigjiga center
and Diploma and Degree programs in in its distance
education centers at Jigjiga, Gode and Filtu
• The department of Animal and Range Sciences has so
far graduated 100 graduates in 2 regular batches and 40
graduates in a CEP batch
• The FVM will have its first graduates in 2012
Status and Gaps in Camel Education ….
Courses addressing camel topics in JJU
Related courses: Rangeland Management
Program Courses with Camel Topics Credit hour
Animal and Range
Sciences
Camel Production 3
Rangeland Management 3
Range Ecology 3
Veterinary Medicine Camel Health and Production 3
Status and Gaps in Camel Education ….
• Despite the significance of the camel sector to
the regional livelihood system, no exclusive
programis launched in either Jigjiga University
or Gode ATVETCollege
• The number of courses included in the curricula
that address camel topics are limited
Other Limitations
�Relevance of Course content
� Veterinary and animal science trainings in most Ethiopian
Universities are modeled on the curricula of the developed world
� Most topics covered in the camel production course content are
adapted fromintensive production systems of the Gulf States with
little relevance to the extensive pastoral production systems
� The indigenous knowledge of pastoralists in camel production is
not incorporated and mainstreamed in the curricula
Other Limitations----
�Human capacity and teaching materials
• No MSc and PhDprograms in Ethiopian Universities
• Most instructors do not have practical exposure to pastoral
camel production systems
• Reference books in camel production are literally absent in
the respective libraries of all Ethiopian public Universities
Other Limitations----
• Limited budget for practical aspects of the courses
�Lack of Institutional linkage with research and
development sectors
• Courses delivered are not supplemented with on-
farm/on-station findings of research or current state of
the sector development in Ethiopian/Somali region
context
Summary
• In SoRSEthe camel is a multipurpose animal providing
milk, meat and transport power in addition to social and
cultural functions
• Due to various constraints the sector is not utilized to the
potential –drought, disease, market problems, poor social
services and lack of camel development strategy are
responsible for the underutilization in the sector
Summary-----
• Inadequacies exist in the current regional camel topics
teaching institutions
• Holistic and integrated interventions need to be in place-
range development, disease control, market development,
enhancing social services, etc
• Regional /national camel development strategy should be
established
• The camel curricula should be revised and improvements
made at all levels
THANK YOU!!