Cambridge Assessment International Education Cambridge ... · 9 UCLES 2019 8291/13/M/J/19 [Turn...
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This document consists of 11 printed pages and 1 blank page. DC (MM) 182109 © UCLES 2019 [Turn over *5760311168* ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 8291/13 Paper 1 Lithosphere and Atmosphere May/June 2019 1 hour 30 minutes Additional Materials: Answer Booklet/Paper READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Electronic calculators may be used. You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units. Section A Answer all questions in this section. Write your answers in the spaces provided on the question paper. Section B Answer one question from this section. Write your answers on the separate answer paper provided. At the end of the examination, 1. fasten all separate answer paper securely to the question paper; 2. enter the question number from Section B in the grid. Cambridge Assessment International Education Cambridge International Advanced Subsidiary Level For Examiner’s Use Section A 1 2 Section B Total
Transcript of Cambridge Assessment International Education Cambridge ... · 9 UCLES 2019 8291/13/M/J/19 [Turn...
This document consists of 11 printed pages and 1 blank page.
DC (MM) 182109© UCLES 2019 [Turn over
*5760311168*
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 8291/13Paper 1 Lithosphere and Atmosphere May/June 2019 1 hour 30 minutesAdditional Materials: Answer Booklet/Paper
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
Write your centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.Write in dark blue or black pen.You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.
Electronic calculators may be used.You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.
Section AAnswer all questions in this section.Write your answers in the spaces provided on the question paper.
Section BAnswer one question from this section.Write your answers on the separate answer paper provided.
At the end of the examination,1. fasten all separate answer paper securely to the question paper;2. enter the question number from Section B in the grid.
Cambridge Assessment International EducationCambridge International Advanced Subsidiary Level
For Examiner’s
Use
Section A
1
2
Section B
Total
2
8291/13/M/J/19© UCLES 2019
Section A
Answer all questions in this section.
Write your answers in the spaces provided.
1 (a) Fig. 1.1 is a map of the Pacific Ocean, showing the location of some plate boundaries.
Z
Y
X
arrow indicates relative plate movement
plate boundary
Key
Fig. 1.1
(i) Complete the table to identify the type of plate boundary found at X, Y and Z in Fig. 1.1.
type of plate boundary letter
constructive plate boundary
destructive plate boundary
conservative plate boundary
[2]
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(ii) With reference to Fig. 1.1, explain why earthquakes are likely to occur at X.
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(iii) Describe two hazards caused by earthquakes.
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(iv) Describe ways in which a building can be designed to withstand earthquakes.
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(v) Table 1.1 gives data relating to two earthquakes that occurred in different locations.
Table 1.1
location A location Bmagnitude (moment magnitude scale) 6.3 6.6
number of deaths 161 26 271
With reference to Table 1.1, suggest possible reasons why these earthquakes of similar magnitude had very different impacts.
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(b) Fig. 1.2 is a diagram of a cross‑section through the Earth, showing a simplified pattern of seismic wave paths from an earthquake epicentre.
P waves can travel through solids and liquids. They travel faster than S waves.
S waves can only travel through solids. They travel slower than P waves.
P and S wavesdetected at surface
no P or S wavesdetected at surface
no P or S wavesdetected at surface
Earth’s crust
only P wavesdetected at surface
earthquake epicentreinner coreouter coremantleseismic wave path
Key
Fig. 1.2
With reference to Fig. 1.2 describe how the pattern of seismic waves provides scientists with evidence of the internal structure of the Earth.
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[Total: 20]
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2 (a) Fig. 2.1 shows the pattern of air movement in the troposphere.
60°NKey
cloudair movement
N
S
30°N
0°
30°S
60°S
Fig. 2.1
(i) With reference to Fig. 2.1, complete the table to show whether there is high or low pressure found at each of the latitudes.
latitude high or low pressure
60°N
0°
30°S
[2]
(ii) Explain the air pressure at the equator.
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(b) Fig. 2.2 shows areas where tropical cyclones (hurricanes) form.
Keyformation area (arrows show main direction of movement)
Tropic ofCancer
Tropic ofCapricorn
Equator
Fig. 2.2
(i) Define the term tropical cyclone.
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(ii) Use Fig. 2.2 to state two features of the global distribution of areas where tropical cyclones form.
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(iii) Explain why tropical cyclones form in these areas.
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(iv) Describe the characteristic weather associated with a tropical cyclone.
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(v) Describe the impacts that a tropical cyclone can have on a low‑lying coastal settlement.
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[Total: 20]
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Section B
Answer one question from this section.
3 Explosive volcanic eruptions can have a local and a global impact.
Fig. 3.1 is a diagram showing some effects of a large explosive volcano that has forced sulfur dioxide into the stratosphere.
sulfurdioxidesulfur dioxide
ash
stratosphere
increased reflection
reduced sunlightreaching tropospheretroposphere
tropopause
sulfuric acid absorption ofsolar radiation
Fig. 3.1
(a) Using the information in Fig. 3.1, describe and explain the impact of explosive volcanic eruptions. [10]
(b) Human activities also impact on the Earth’s atmosphere.
Discuss whether urban pollution can be successfully managed to reduce its local and global impact. [30]
[Total: 40]
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4 Fig. 4.1 shows two soil profiles from different locations.
Profile X: brown earth soil from temperate, deciduous woodland in England
Profile Y: rainforest soil from tropical rainforest in Indonesia
0 m
0.1 m
Horizon A
decaying leavesand vegetation
decaying leavesand vegetation
Horizon B
Horizon C
Bedrock
Horizon A
Horizon B
Horizon C
Bedrock
0.4 m
0.7 m
0.8 m
0 m
1 m
4 m
7 m
8 m
0 m
0.1 m
Horizon A
decaying leavesand vegetation
decaying leavesand vegetation
Horizon B
Horizon C
Bedrock
Horizon A
Horizon B
Horizon C
Bedrock
0.4 m
0.7 m
0.8 m
0 m
1 m
4 m
7 m
8 m
Fig. 4.1
(a) Describe and explain the differences between the two soil profiles shown in Fig. 4.1. [10]
(b) With reference to examples, explain why soil erosion occurs. Evaluate strategies that involve the sustainable use of soils for agriculture. [30]
[Total: 40]
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5 Fig. 5.1 shows the ten year periods when countries recorded their most extreme temperatures and precipitation.
50403020100 1961–1970 1971–1980 1981–1990
Highest recorded maximum temperature
Lowest recorded minimum temperature
year
year
year
Highest recorded daily precipitation
1991–2000 2001–2010
1961–1970 1971–1980 1981–1990 1991–2000 2001–2010
1961–1970 1971–1980 1981–1990 1991–2000 2001–2010
504030percentage
of countries
percentageof countries
percentageof countries
2010
0%
50403020100
Fig. 5.1
(a) Compare and contrast the trends in changing climatic conditions shown in Fig. 5.1. [10]
(b) With reference to examples, assess the effectiveness of the ways governments can control atmospheric pollution to reduce their country’s contribution to climatic change. [30]
[Total: 40]
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Permission to reproduce items where third‑party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer‑related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.
Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which itself is a department of the University of Cambridge.
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