CAMBODIA: Climate-Friendly Agribusiness Value Chains ... · Climate-Friendly Agribusiness Value...

Climate-Friendly Agribusiness Value Chains Sector Project (RRP CAM 48409-002)

Environmental Assessment and Review Framework May 2018

CAMBODIA: Climate-Friendly Agribusiness Value Chains Sector Project

Prepared by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries for the Asian Development Bank.

http://www.adb.org/Documents/RRPs/?id=48409-002-3

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 15 May 2018)

Currency unit - riel/s (KR)

KR1.00 = $0.00025 $1.00 = KR4,052.18

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB - Asian Development Bank CSA - climate smart agriculture EA - executing agency EARF - environment assessment and review framework EIA - environmental impact assessment EMP - environmental management plan ESO - environmental safeguards officer FWUC - farmer water user community GRM - grievance redress mechanism IEE - initial environmental examination IEIA - initial environmental impact assessment MAFF - Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries MEF - Ministry of Economy and Finance MIH - Ministry of Industry and Handicraft MOC - Ministry of Commerce MOE - Ministry of Environment MOWRAM - Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology MRD - Ministry of Rural Development PDAFF - Provincial Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries PDRD - Provincial Department of Rural Development PDWRAM - Provincial Department of Water Resources and Meteorology PIC - project implementation consultants PMU - project management unit PPCU - project public complaint unit PPTA - project preparatory technical assistance REA - rapid environmental assessment SPS - Safeguard Policy Statement

NOTE

In this report, "$" refers to United States dollars.

This environmental assessment and review framework is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

http://www.adb.org/terms-use



CONTENTS

I. INTRODUCTION 1 A. Background 1 B. Project Description 1

II. ASSESSMENT OF LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY 3 A. ADB Environmental Assessment Requirements 3 B. Cambodia’s Environmental Assessment Requirements 4 C. International Conventions on the Environment 5 D. Comparing the ADB and the Royal Government of Cambodia Requirements 6 E. Adequacy of Legal Framework 7 F. Institutional Capacity to Implement Legal Framework 7

III. ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR SUBPROJECTS 7 A. Summary of Assessment Steps 7 B. Environmental Screening of Subprojects 9 C. Procedures for Environmental Assessment of Subprojects 11 D. Process to Prepare Initial Environmental Examination 11

IV. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 11 A. Potential Impacts 11 B. Pre-construction 12 C. Construction Impacts 12 D. Operation Phase Impacts 13 E. Special and Cross Cutting Environmental Considerations 13

V. CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE 14 A. Public Consultation 14 B. Public Disclosure 14

VI. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM (GRM) 15 A. Proposed Mechanism 15 B. GRM Procedure and Timeframe 16

VII. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT AND RESPONSIBILITIES 17 A. Implementing Arrangements 17 B. Environmental Monitoring and Reporting 18 C. Estimated Environmental Monitoring Costs 23

ANNEXES 1. Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist 24 2. Environmental Code of Conduct 40 3. Terms of Reference - ENVIRONMENTAL SAFEGUARDS OFFICER UNDER PROJECT MANAGEMENT UNIT 47 4. Terms of Reference - Nominated Provincial Environmental

Safeguards Focal Point 48 5. Terms of Reference - International Climate Change &

Environment Safeguards Specialist 49 6. Terms of Reference - National Climate Change &

Environment Safeguards Specialist 51 7. Terms of Reference - Water Quality monitoring 53

I. INTRODUCTION

A. Background

1. This environmental assessment and review framework (EARF) document describes the procedures to be followed in the environmental assessment of subprojects prepared and implemented under the Climate-Friendly Agribusiness Value Chains Sector Project. The project will incorporate the environmental safeguards required by ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS) 2009, Asian Development Bank (ADB) Environmental Assessment Guidelines (2003), the Government of Cambodia (the government) environmental laws and regulations, and any subsequent modifications and additions agreed by the executing agency and ADB.

B. Project Description

2. The overall goal of the project is to support the implementation of Cambodia’s Agriculture Sector Strategic Development Plan1 by increasing agricultural production, crop quality and enhancing rural wealth through all-inclusive stakeholder support, including government institutions in the value chain and its service providers, and the Industrial Development Policy,2 particularly in improving agricultural production infrastructure, intensification and commercialization of the production base for rice, maize, cassava and mango. It will also give support to the rice policy3 by transforming subsistence rice farmers into commercial oriented businesses. The project is consistent with ADB Midterm Review and Strategy 20204 of poverty reduction and economic growth particularly in rural areas, addressing climate change through climate resilient infrastructure development, climate smart agriculture and utilization of bio-energy and public-private partnership (PPP) interventions and opportunities, and in conformity with the ADB Cambodia Country Partnership Strategy (2014-2018)5 with outcomes to increase crop production and formal employment opportunities which are all inclusive. There will be synergies with other ADB investment projects and programs, such as (i) Climate Resilient Rice Commercialization Sector Program;6 (ii) Uplands Irrigation and Water Resources Management Sector Project;7 (iii) Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) Flood and Drought Management and Mitigation;8 (iv) Rural Roads Improvement Project II; and (v) the Cambodia Strategic Program for Climate Resilience.9

1 Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. 2015. Agriculture Sector Strategic Development Plan (2014-2018).

Phnom Penh. 2 Royal Government of Cambodia. 2015. Industrial Development Policy (2015-2025). Phnom Penh. 3 Royal Government of Cambodia. 2010. Policy on the Promotion of Paddy Production and Rice Export. Phnom Penh. 4 ADB. 2014. Midterm Review and Strategy 2020: Meeting the Challenges of Transforming Asia and Pacific. Manila. 5 ADB. 2014. Country Partnership Strategy for Cambodia (2014-2018), Manila; and ADB. 2014. Country Operations

Business Plan for Cambodia (2015-2017). Manila. 6 ADB. 2013. Report and Recommendation of the President of the Board of Directors: Proposed Loan Kingdom of

Cambodia: Proposed Loans and Administration of Grant and Loan Kingdom of Cambodia: Climate Resilient Rice Commercialization Sector Development Program. Manila.

7 ADB. 2015. Report and Recommendation of the President of the Board of Directors: Proposed Loan Kingdom of Cambodia: Uplands Irrigation and Water Resources Management Sector Project. Manila.

8 ADB. 2012. Report and Recommendation of the President of the Board of Directors: Proposed Loan Kingdom of Cambodia: Proposed Loan and Administration of Loan and Grant Kingdom of Cambodia: GMS Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation Project. Manila.

9 ADB. 2015. Report and Recommendation of the President of the Board of Directors: Proposed Loan Kingdom of Cambodia: Major Change to Technical Assistance Kingdom of Cambodia Mainstreaming Climate Resilience into Development Planning. Manila.

2

3. The project will be implemented in Kampong Cham and Tboung Khmum provinces with connectivity to the GMS Southern Economic Corridor and Kampot and Takeo provinces linked to the GMS Southern Coastal Economic Corridor.

4. The project has three major outputs:

5. Output 1: Critical agribusiness value chain infrastructure improved and made climate-resilient. This output bridges gaps in infrastructure to enhance the competitiveness of the value chains of rice, maize, cassava, and mango in target provinces. It involves rehabilitation and modernization of rural infrastructure to increase production and resource efficiency, reduce postharvest losses, and enhance quality and value chain links while reducing GHG emissions and increasing climate resilience. Key activities involve (i) rehabilitating irrigation and water management infrastructure (off-farm irrigation systems, on-farm rainwater harvesting ponds, and drip irrigation) to climate-resilient condition; (ii) upgrading agricultural cooperatives’ value chain infrastructure (drying, processing, and storage facilities); (iii) improving the connectivity of farms to cooperatives and markets through climate-resilient farm road networks; (iv) strengthening the infrastructure for agricultural quality and safety testing; and (v) promoting renewable energy (biodigesters and use of solar energy in target cooperative areas). 6. The project will rehabilitate water management infrastructure through de-silting works and upgrades of design standards to withstand climate variability and projected climate changes, and install drip irrigation systems to improve yields and deliver exportable mango fruit. The project will support the construction of climate-proofed postharvest units at farm cooperatives. It will improve climate resilience of farm-to-market roads by increasing the height of embankments, promoting cross drainage, and selecting permeable materials, among other measures. The sustainability of the infrastructure is ensured through an integrated approach to operation and maintenance (O&M) practices, focusing on institutions, capacity building, financing, and technologies. 7. Output 2: Climate-smart agriculture and agribusiness promoted. Key activities include (i) deploying climate-resilient varieties; (ii) strengthening the capacity for climate-friendly production practices and technologies; and (iii) promoting farm mechanization and extension. The project will support the Cambodian Agricultural Research and Development Institute to produce, multiply, and distribute climate-resilient varieties of rice and maize and to improve weaning and acclimatization of mango and cassava. The project will train at least 40,000 farmers (of which 16,000 are women) on CSA practices. It will demonstrate laser land leveling to improve water use efficiency and enhance the capacity of farmers’ water user groups to operate and manage irrigation schemes. The project will construct and upgrade four farm mechanization workshops and four agribusiness training facilities to train farm water user communities, women farmers, and members of agricultural cooperatives in infrastructure O&M and farm mechanization. 8. Output 3: Enabling environment for climate-friendly agribusiness enhanced. The project will support the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries (MAFF) and the Ministry of Commerce in creating a favorable policy environment for agribusiness to mobilize the private sector participation through PPPs and contract farming. Activities include (i) formulating climate-friendly agribusiness policies and standards; (ii) promoting green finance and risk-sharing mechanisms; and (iii) supporting climate risk management through ICT. The project will provide support for farm product certification, quality, and resilience standards, including Cambodia’s good agricultural practice and organic fertilizer standards. The project will support cooperatives in becoming sustainable agribusiness ventures by linking up with the private sector and by establishing crop-centric PPP forums. The project will raise financial institutions’ awareness on

3

green finance and the integration of environmental and climate risk screening criteria into credit application and reporting procedures. Using ICT, the project will provide weather, market, and agronomic information to create an environment for more effective climate risk management.

9. A long list of candidate subprojects was developed during the project preparatory technical assistance (PPTA), and a range of selection criteria developed to identify priority ones. The project is expected to be implemented over 6 years and will work in the provinces of Kampong Cham, Kampot, Tboung Khmum, and Takeo. The main infrastructure work will be the modernization and rehabilitation of at least 27 irrigation schemes, the construction and establishment of 80 agricultural cooperative drying and storage units, rehabilitation and/or upgrading of existing access roads to improve access to markets, 10 mango drip irrigation demonstrations and the construction of three mechanization workshops and three provincial agricultural development centers, 800 rainwater harvesting ponds, about 12,000 biodigester chambers and 6,000 compost huts.

10. From the long list of subproject, three subprojects were identified to be as representative subprojects:

(i) Trapaing Run Irrigation Subproject in Kampot province which comprises rehabilitating and modernizing critical infrastructure of small scale irrigation systems in order to increase production, reduce post-harvest losses, monitor and enhance quality and value chain linkages. This subproject has been categorized as B for environment and an initial environmental examination (IEE) has been prepared for the subproject;

(ii) Mango Drip Irrigation Subproject in Takeo province which will supply drip irrigation to promote the use of drip irrigation to improve yield, get a higher percentage of grade A fruit and make floral manipulation more precise. Overall, the target is to demonstrate adoption of drip irrigation systems for 1,000 ha in each target province. This subproject is considered to be category C for environment. To ensure that any minor environmental impacts will be mitigated in similar activities as this subproject, an environmental code of conduct to be included in bidding documents for contractors is in Annex 2; and

(iii) Cassava Chip Drying and Storage Unit, in Tboung Khmum province will extend up to 200 ton building storage and raise the livelihood opportunities for Seda Senchey Cooperative of Tabae district. This subproject is considered as Category C for environment. To ensure that any minor environmental impacts will be mitigated in similar activities as this subproject, an environmental code of conduct to be included in bidding documents for contractors is in Annex 2.

II. ASSESSMENT OF LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY

A. ADB Environmental Assessment Requirements

11. For sector investments with potential environmental impacts, the borrower/client will agree with ADB on an EARF. The future sector investments for the project fall within this requirement.

12. The EARF will guide subproject screening and categorization, environmental assessment, and preparation and implementation of safeguard plans of subprojects and to facilitate compliance with the requirements specified in the safeguard requirements under ADB’s SPS 2009.

4

13. This EARF identifies the broad scope of the project and outlines the policy, procedures and institutional requirements for preparing subsequent subprojects under the project. Where the activities of proposed subprojects have been determined and thus categorized through completion of the REA checklist, and if the subproject activities fall into category A or B (as per summary below), the implementing agency will be responsible for preparing environmental assessments and implementing environmental management plans (EMPs) as outlined in this framework, and submit them to ADB for review and approval prior to commencement of work/finalization of contracts. This EARF shall apply to all subprojects under the project so as to ensure that the environmental issues are appropriately addressed and mitigated to acceptable levels.

14. Under ADB procedures, there are four categories of project depending on the significance of environmental impacts and risks as described below:

(i) Category A: Proposed project is classified as category A if it is likely to have significant adverse environmental impacts that are irreversible, diverse, or unprecedented. These impacts may affect an area larger than the sites or facilities subject to physical works.

(ii) Category B: Proposed project is classified as category B if its potential adverse environmental impacts are less adverse than those of category A projects. These impacts are site-specific, few if any of them are irreversible, and in most cases mitigation measures can be designed more readily than for category A projects.

(iv) Category C: Proposed project is classified as category C if it is likely to have minimal or no adverse environmental impacts. An environmental impact assessment (EIA) or IEE is not required, although environmental implications need to be reviewed.

(v) Category FI: Projects involve a credit line through a financial intermediary or an equity investment in a financial intermediary. The financial intermediary must apply an environmental management system, unless all projects will result in insignificant impacts.

15. It is expected that most subprojects implemented under the loan will be classified under ADB guidelines/rules as category B. Such subprojects are judged to have some adverse environmental impacts with most occurring during construction phase, but of lesser degree and/or significance than those for category A projects. For these subprojects, an IEE is required to determine whether or not significant environmental impacts warranting an EIA are likely. If an EIA is not needed, the IEE is regarded as the final environmental assessment report. Other subprojects may be categorized as C and will require an environmental code of conduct. Any proposed subproject that is classified as a category A will not be financed by the project.

B. Cambodia’s Environmental Assessment Requirements

16. The government law covering EIA is Sub-Decree No. 72 ANRK.BK in the Law on EIA Process dated 11 August 1999. The main objectives of this sub-decree are to:

(i) determine an EIA upon every private and public project or activity; it must be reviewed by the Ministry of Environment (MOE), prior to the submission for a decision from the government;

(ii) determine the type and size of the proposed project/s and activities, including

5

existing and ongoing activities in both private and public sector prior to undertaking the process of EIA; and

(iii) encourage public participation in the implementation of the EIA process and take into account their conceptual input and suggestions for re-consideration prior to the implementation of any project.

17. A sub-decree lists the activities and the scale of activity which require an environmental assessment. An excerpt from this sub-decree covering agricultural activities is included below as Table 1.

Table 1: Scale of Activity which requires Environmental Assessment No. Type and activities of the projects Size/Capacity (hectares)

AGRICULTURE

1. Concession forest ≥ 10,000 Hectares

2. Logging ≥ 500 Hectares

3. Land covered by forest ≥ 500 Hectares

4. Agriculture and agro-industrial land ≥ 10,000 Hectares

5. Flooded and coastal forests All sizes

6. Irrigation systems ≥ 5,000 Hectares

7. Drainage systems ≥ 5,000 Hectares

INFRASTRUCTURE

1 Buildings Height ≥ 12 m or floor ≥ 8000 m2

2 Dredging (i.e. excavation) ≥ 50,000 m3

3 Construction of bridge-roads

≥ 30 Tones weight

OTHER INDUSTRIES

1 Waste processing, burning All sizes

Source: Government of Cambodia. 1999. Sub-decree No. 72 ANRK.BK in the Law on Environmental Impact Assessment Process. Phnom Penh.

18. All subprojects which comply with the selection criteria will involve the refurbishment of existing irrigation schemes, construction of 80 agricultural cooperative drying and storage units, installation of 10 mango drip irrigation demonstrations and the construction of three mechanization workshops and three provincial agricultural development centers, excavation of 800 rainwater harvesting ponds, and installation of 12,000 bio-digester, 6,000 compost huts and demonstration of 4,000 ha of laser levelling supported within project rehabilitated irrigation systems. As per the extract from Sub-Decree 72 (table above) most of these interventions will not require EIA. However, where the command area is substantially expanded by the refurbishment of a scheme to provide more than 5,000 ha of newly irrigated land or land previously without reliable irrigation, the provisions of the sub-decree will apply. For the installation of the 12,000 bio-digester chambers, a full EIA will be required to cover all installations.

C. International Conventions on the Environment

19. International conventions and agreements to which Cambodia is a signatory and to which the country has ratified are the following:

(i) Kyoto Protocol ratified - 2002; (ii) United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) ratified -

1995; (iii) Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) - 1995;

6

(iv) Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety - 2003; (v) UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) ratified - 1997; (vi) Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and

Flora (CITES) - 1997; (vii) World Heritage Convention - 1991; (viii) ASEAN Heritage Convention (National Parks: Bokor and Virakchey) (regional) -

2003; (ix) Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution from Ships - 1994; (x) Measures on prevention of climate change, ozone depletion, on freshwater

resource protection and on sustainable forest ASEAN - 1999; (xi) Convention on Wetlands of International Importance (RAMSAR) - 1999; (xii) Basel Convention on Control, Transport and Disposal of Transboundary

Hazardous Waste - 2001; (xiii) Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants - 2001; and (xiv) Vienna Convention and Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete Ozone

Layer - 2001.

D. Comparing ADB and the Royal Government of Cambodia Requirements

20. The IEE for Category B subprojects or review of environmental effects for Category C subprojects will be prepared according to ADB SPS (2009) requirements. Should a subproject require an EIA in accordance with Sub-Decree No. 72 ANRK.BK., the ADB assessment document will be submitted to MOE for confirmation if the ADB assessment document will also satisfy the Sub-decree (see Table 2 below for comparison of ADB and Cambodian categorization systems).

Table 2: Comparing ADB and Cambodian Categorization Systems

ADB Project Categories Cambodian Categorization

Category A: Projects with potential for significant adverse environmental impacts, requiring an environmental impact assessment (EIA).

Projects with potential for significant adverse environmental impacts and large scale, an example Hydro Power Project, chemical industrial project etc, requiring an environmental impact assessment (EIA).

Category B: Projects judged to have some adverse environmental impacts, but of lower degree and/or less significant than those for category A projects. Category B projects require an initial environmental examination (IEE)

Projects judged to have some adverse environmental impacts or medium or small scale project, requiring an initial environmental impact assessment (IEIA)

Category C: Projects unlikely to have adverse environmental impacts. No special requirement, but the environmental aspects are reviewed as well.

No Category – The EIA sub decree has no discussion on the category

Category FI: Projects involve a credit line through a financial intermediary or an equity investment in a financial intermediary. The financial intermediary must apply an environmental management system, unless all projects will result in insignificant impacts.

No Category – The EIA sub decree has no discussion on the category

7

E. Adequacy of Legal Framework

21. While the Cambodian laws can be seen to be comprehensive and far reaching, a number of environmental departments at provincial level have indicated that they do not have the resources to ensure widespread compliance. While this situation is not unique, this EARF within which the project will operate aims to ensure compliance with both the Cambodian and ADB environmental safeguard policy.

F. Institutional Capacity to Implement Legal Framework

22. The project management unit (PMU), which will be responsible for providing the technical guidance in the planning and implementation of the works, needs assistance from environmental consultants to effectively carry out its role and responsibilities in meeting environmental requirements, such as preparation of environmental assessment reports, implementation of EMPs and the preparation of environmental monitoring reports. The capacity of the PMU will of course depend upon the incumbent personnel in place at commencement time of project implementation. It will be necessary for the international climate change and environment safeguards specialist, in collaboration with the national climate change and environment safeguards specialist to determine that capacity. The TOR of these specialists can be found in Annexes 5 and 6.

23. Environmental management capacity development is proposed for the project in several ways, to be provided by the international and national environment and climate change and environment safeguards specialists, including:

(i) ensuring that environmental management and monitoring are being undertaken in the subprojects in accordance with this EARF and IEEs, and where necessary, provide opportunity for detailed training of Government and agency staff in these matters;

(ii) where necessary, provide specific training sessions for building construction supervisors for the implementation of structural subprojects; and

(iii) on-the-job training by providing specific environmental comments, explanation and demonstration for the range of non-structural project outputs.

III. ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR SUBPROJECTS

A. Summary of Assessment Steps

24. First, the proposed subproject should be screened for environmental issues which would be critical to the success and environmental performance of the subproject. These are listed in section B below. The screening will be undertaken by the subproject PMU during the stages of subproject selection and initial design using the REA checklist (see Annex 1 for template).

25. Determination of subproject categorization (A, B or C) identifies the next step. For category B subprojects, an IEE is required. If any activities were to fall into category A, they would be excluded from the project. Category C subprojects will require an environmental code of conduct.

8

Table 3: Environmental Criteria for Subproject Selection

Environmental Criteria

Will avoid significant environmental impacts (no Category A project) Will not utilize raw water of very poor quality, as evidenced by the presence of high levels of pollution Will not result in destruction of or encroachment on protected areas, including reserved forests or biodiversity conservation hotspots. Subproject activities will not be located within 5 km of any protected areas.

Will not bring about significant change in land use from residential and/or institutional to commercial and/or transport and/or industrial in the vicinity of the subproject site

Will avoid cutting any trees Will avoid resettlement/relocation Will not involve social conflict Will ensure that owners and users of any land that is relinquished for pipelines or other facilities are provided with an improved water supply as part of the scheme

Will avoid locating facilities close to socially and culturally important buildings and sites, including schools, health centers, temples, and shrines.

Will have no works in sensitive archaeological areas Will not result in destruction/disturbance to historical and cultural places/values Will involve proper traffic management and public awareness Will reflect inputs from public consultation and disclosures Must obtain all necessary/relevant permissions prior to construction, commissioning and operation. Must ensure good construction practices Must ensure occupational safety measures for workers

26. Table 4 lists the relevant protected areas found in two of the four implementation provinces of Cambodia.

Table 4: List of All Protected Areas in the Four Project Provinces

Province Protected Area Size (ha) Kampot Phnom Bokor National Park 140,000

Kampot Kep National Park 5,000

Takeo Boeung Prek Lapouv (BPL) Protected Landscape

919 (core zone) and 7,386 (buffer zone)

Kampot & Kompong Som Botum- Sakor National Park 171,250 Source: http://www.mekong-protected-areas.org/cambodia/docs/cambodia_lessons.pdf

27. At project implementation stage, the first IEE (including EMP) of each kind of subproject prepared under this EARF will be submitted to ADB, through the PMU, for prior review before contracts are awarded for construction. Upon confirmation that it meets ADB SPS (2009) requirements, subsequent IEEs including EMPs can be approved by the PMU Director. The IEEs are subject to post review by ADB upon request. If the MOE’s approval of the IEE is required, this approval must be obtained before submission of the IEE to ADB (in case of prior review) and before contracts are awarded for construction, in case of post review. Further, the executing and implementing agencies are encouraged to prepare consolidated IEEs for a number of subprojects, for example by location such as one IEE for all subprojects in the same province, or by subproject type such as one IEE for all irrigation subprojects, or one IEE for all road subprojects to reduce administrative cost.

28. Finally, all completed and approved IEEs including EMPs must be submitted to ADB for public disclosure on the ADB’s website.

9

29. A Climate Change Assessment for the project has been prepared during project preparation stage,10 and the impact assessment of all subprojects will need to take account of its findings.

B. Environmental Screening of Subprojects

30. Potential adverse environmental impacts associated with potential subprojects can be avoided or minimized through careful select ion screening as outlined in Table 3 above. For example, specific environmental criteria for irrigation subproject selection are that the proposed subprojects will:

(i) have sustainable water supply; (ii) not be subject to water use conflict or other water security issues; (iii) not encroach on or impact protected areas, nature reserves or wildlife

sanctuaries; (iv) not be undertaken where soil contamination requiring remediation occurs; and (v) avoid recognised national, provincial and district monuments of cultural or

historical importance.

31. Cooperative stores. Project activities also include the construction of an estimated 80 cooperative stores, and it is important that planning and design considerations ensure that these stores conform with the following:

(i) proposed buildings/stores be positioned such that they are not in flood prone areas; and/or are

(ii) specified to ensure that the structure and contents will be above any anticipated 1:100 year flood zones.

32. Drip irrigation technology. The project involves the implementation of 10 drip irrigation systems to enhance and the quality and quantity of mango production. Considerations for this work will include:

(i) availability and quality of groundwater, particularly to assess arsenic levels; (ii) specific capacity building material be incorporated in the implementation of these

subprojects to draw farmer attention to the need for care in the application, storage and disposal of containers used for the flower/fruit enhancement; and

(iii) that the material will take the form of promoting occupational health and safety standards at the household level including focus group discussions, graphic material to raise awareness and establishing methods of disposal.

33. Biodigester Screening. The project aims to support the National Biodigester Program to install about 12,000 biodigesters and 6,000 compost huts in target provinces, and harness the fertilization potential of bio-slurry for households. This collaboration will see training in both the construction and use of the biodigesters, particularly the handling of recycled slurry as an alternative fertilizer. There are currently no national standards associated with the use of domestic biogas and the project administration manual details the terms of reference (TOR) for consultancies to develop them. A sample REA Checklist for Solid Waste Management is included

10 Climate Change Assessment (accessible from the list of linked documents in RRP Appendix 2)

10

in Annex 1. Selection criteria for the biodigesters, which are anticipated to be partially subsidised and demand driven include:

(i) commune members who are located within the catchment area of those agricultural cooperatives supported by the project;

(ii) households having at least 15 kg manure available daily and a maximum of 150 kg per day;

(iii) commitment to adopt climate smart and good agricultural practices such as composting, mulching, organic agriculture, climate resilient varieties;

(iv) preference to female headed households and those committing to a realistic and technically viable O&M plan;

(v) preference to households with presence of respiratory related illnesses due to air pollution or those households at risk that use biomass for cooking;

(vi) preference to households with capacity to contribute funds either by having own funds or taking loans; and

(vii) commitment to use bio-slurry as a fertilizer substitute.

34. Water Catchment Ponds. The project includes the construction of 800 on-farm surface water catchment ponds which will be dug and commissioned. These ponds will be used for supplementary irrigation and will be sited to collect surface run-off. The construction will incorporate clay lining and sediment traps to avoid excessive sedimentation. Further selection criteria will be developed by the PMU with support from the project implementation consultant (PIC) on the basis of requests from the provinces. Additional selection criteria to be considered include:

(i) community members who are involved within the project footprint and members of Agricultural Cooperatives supported by the project;

(ii) community members who are prepared to pay for some percentage of the construction costs, either cash or in-kind; and

(iii) community members who are particularly vulnerable and would benefit from access to supplementary irrigation.

35. Rural access roads and commune tracks. The project proposes the improvement of rural roads and tracks within communes (km to be defined) which will focus on linking some of the proposed cooperative storage and drying units to be supported by Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF), in two ways: (i) linking farm units and the production zones to the storage units; and (ii) connectivity of the stores to all-weather and or climate resilient roads, the latter being more durable structures to tolerate heavy transport and delivery trucks. Further, selection criteria will be developed by the PMU with support from the PIC on the basis of requests from the provinces, and selection guidelines should include:

(i) Ensuring that all storage, drying units constructed within the project footprint have suitable access to main and sealed roads;

(ii) Budgets should ensure that high priority be given to roads which incorporate a sealed surface as opposed a laterite specification which has increasingly been seen to be a poor performer in terms of sustainable construction, a scenario which can be expected to play-out demonstrating greater weakness under climate change conditions; and

(iii) The roads will not encroach on or impact protected areas, nature reserves or wildlife sanctuaries.

11

C. Procedures for Environmental Assessment of Subprojects

36. Any subproject not meeting the criteria listed above will be rejected. The environmental assessment of the subprojects will be conducted according to the ADB SPS (2009), the government’s environmental assessment sub-decree, and this EARF. An EMP with adequate budget will be developed for each subproject of category B. As previously noted, project activities which are found to conform to a category C classification, will require an environmental code of conduct.

D. Process to Prepare Initial Environmental Examination

37. The international and national environmental safeguard specialists under the CS5: Feasibility Study and Detailed Engineering Design consultant team will conduct the IEE study with the following steps:

(i) Desk Study: Review of information such as maps, reports, and EARF for the project. Checklist for collecting site information is also finalized.

(ii) Consultations: communities and local stakeholders shall be consulted by means of focus group discussions. Discussions with concerned government agencies will also be undertaken.

(iii) Field Assessment: Assessment of the potential and significant environmental concerns shall be done to collect data and analyse any potential impacts.

(v) Identification of Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures: The impacts will be identified in terms of their significance, extent, reversibility, and duration.

(vi) Design of EMP: The IEE shall include an EMP where potential environmental impacts are identified, mitigation measures prepared, method of mitigation measures developed, indicators suggested, frequency and nature of monitoring activities set out with, cost estimated, and responsible agency for undertaking the monitoring identified. A model EMP matrix on Environmental Code of Conduct is presented in Annex 2.

38. The EMP is a critical document for each subproject. The provisions of the EMP will be incorporated into tender documents and construction contracts.

IV. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

A. Potential Impacts

39. The IEE for t he core subproject in Kampot has provided guidance on the common types of impacts to be expected for both the construction and operation phases of irrigation. Additional activities beyond the subproject feasibility studies in output 1 include some building construction, integrated waste and energy systems to reduce environmental risk, stimulate energy independence within CSA and post-harvest scenarios.

12

B. Pre-construction

40. Following appropriate selection criteria, subprojects will follow screening procedures and all category A subprojects will be excluded from the investment. Planning and design stages of project activity will include attention to specification detail which aims to incorporate climate chance resilience to potential increase in winds, storm events and flooding as well as use where appropriate of renewable and alternative energy systems. Table 5 offers a summary of the steps taken to mitigate and minimise impacts.

Table 5: Considerations to Mitigate and Minimise Impacts

Sub-Project11 Planning Construction Operation

i Construction of agricultural cooperative drying and storage units, 3 mechanization workshops and 3 provincial agricultural development centers including construction / upgrading of access roads.

• Design & specification for Climate resilient building, utilizing energy efficiency, appropriate materials,

• Where appropriate integrate bioengineering detailing for access roads, irrigation upgrading.

• Where appropriate, specify and integrate renewable energy systems into all subproject activities.

• Ensure the Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) is in place for communication with the community.

• Introduce project schedule to community in vicinity of project & outline GRM.

• Ensure all waste, spoil, & building materials are managed with care so site has minimal dust and waste.

• Apply a set of vehicle management guidelines.

• Apply a set of guidelines to reduce noises from operating vehicle and equipment.

• Maintenance programs to ensure long-term and sustainable use of project delivered infrastructure including roads, buildings, irrigation componentry.

• Where appropriate capacity building and training for staff in structured maintenance programing.

ii Excavation of 800 rainwater harvesting ponds, and demonstration of 4,000 ha of laser levelling supported within project rehabilitated irrigation systems

iii Climate resilient water management infrastructure; off-farm and on-farm infrastructure including construction / upgrading of access roads to support improved irrigation;

iv Infrastructure for agricultural testing and training at national and provincial levels;

v Renewable energy for value chain improvement; installation of 12000 bio-digester chambers.

• Examine & apply appropriate alternative energy applications & systems.

• Promote & ensure construction staff are well trained & experienced in system installation.

• Ensure well documented maintenance program is in place.

C. Construction Impacts

41. During construction activities at ponds, sluices, canals and local regulators including access roads and bridges, as well as drying, storage development centre building construction, bio-digester installation and laser levelling, the main issues will be a potential for soil, air and water pollution and soil erosion, site pollution, temporary loss of soil structure through the laser levelling process, all of which must be managed by strict control of construction contractors.

11 This table also identifies activity beyond the “core” subprojects.

13

Additional localized traffic congestion should also be anticipated, and this must be minimized by responsible transport planning. Health and safety of the community and construction workers is also, as always, a primary concern. These issues will be listed in the contractors EMP included in bidding documents.

42. Mitigation of construction-phase impacts relies heavily on the responsibility of works contractors to follow specification clauses in contracts designed to minimize pollution of air and water and soil erosion. This mitigation will in turn rely on careful oversight and supervision of site activities as the responsibility of the relevant ministry at the provincial level. For instance, Provincial Department of Rural Development (PDRD) will hold responsibility for roads, Provincial Department of Water Resources and Meteorology (PDWRAM) for irrigation. These same relevant provincial level line agencies will be responsible for assigning environmental safeguards focal points for the various activities in the implementation unit.

D. Operation Phase Impacts

43. A fundamental concern will be that subprojects must be sustainable and responsibly managed, to ensure for example, that agreed irrigation and base flows are maintained and water users downstream are not disadvantaged. The subproject EMP should set, as a prerequisite for project commencement, a clear and detailed extraction plan for the growing seasons to be prepared and submitted before construction.

44. Loss of terrestrial vegetation and habitat. New areas not previously farmed or long abandoned, which come into the command area with the renovated irrigation schemes, the areas identified for water harvesting ponds, building and bio-digester sites as well as broad acres targeted for laser levelling may have regrowth shrub land or forest and provide habitat for local wildlife populations. Subproject selection criteria have ensured that no critical or important natural habitats will be involved, however local biodiversity may need to be considered and the retention of linked refuge vegetation and corridors should be included where local biodiversity is recorded.

45. Attention should also focus on any increases in the level of un-recycled agricultural waste, fertilizer and pesticide residues as well as bio-digester waste. Mitigation of these impacts will involve the establishment of linkages to the national integrated pest management program and training/agricultural extension services for farmer water use communities (FWUCs) and individual farmer groups. Management and maintenance of bio-digesters specifically require careful capacity building at the individual household level. During the capacity building, attention will also focus on any increases in the level of un-recycled agricultural waste, fertilizer and pesticide residues as well as biodigester waste. Mitigation of these impacts will involve the establishment of linkages to the national integrated pest management program and training/agricultural extension services for FWUCs and individual farmer groups. Management and maintenance of bio-digesters specifically require careful capacity building at the individual household level. This includes clear understanding of the need to ensure that all users adhere to the strict rule that there be no release of excess unburned methane from the biodigesters directly into the air, with enclosed flares equipped.

E. Special and Cross Cutting Environmental Considerations

46. Maintenance of water supply balance is an integral part of water and agricultural planning within irrigation command areas. They should be prepared using local data for inflow, infiltration, runoff coefficients, crop water demands and agricultural calendars.

14

47. Increases in greenhouse gas emissions through increases in inundation of rice paddy areas should be calculated and assessed for significance. Climate change scenarios for the provinces should be used to apply sensitivity analyses to the water balances.

48. Fishing and economic displacement. The canals provide limited fisheries resource for farmer families, especially in the dry season when water levels are too low for irrigation. Mitigation measures include the provision for fish passage through the water gates and retention of fish habitats in the main canals. In canal sections where the canals are to be lined, FWUCs need to allow affected families to fish elsewhere in the canals.

49. Post-construction mitigation will benefit from capacity building and training to use fertilizers, pesticides, bio-digester waste and excess biogas efficiently and responsibly. The training program should also promote community-based disaster risk management.

50. Revegetation programs along canals and delineated rice paddies has been identified as a need in the Climate Change Assessment and also most recently been endorsed by MAFF in December 2016. Revegetation should therefore where possible be a component of subproject initiatives.

V. CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE

A. Public Consultation

51. The public consultation and participation process during the project preparation stage should involve: (i) reconnaissance surveys of the subproject sites; and (ii) participatory meetings with local stakeholders.

52. Reconnaissance surveys of the subproject sites will comprise on-site discussions with commune officials to provide information on the physical and biological resources, socio-economic environment, opportunities and constraints relevant to the proposed subproject.

53. Participatory meetings with government stakeholders and representatives from water user groups and farmers and cooperatives for which drying, storage development centre buildings, household recipients of biodigesters, beneficiaries of laser levelling, should be undertaken to collect data and to present the project (designs and locations), and to ascertain social and environmental issues and concerns.

54. Feedback from the participants on subproject implementation and consensus on how to deal with environmental issues in the area will be addressed and recorded in the IEE or environmental code of conduct. The international and national environmental safeguards specialists under CS6: Feasibility and Detailed Engineering Design consultant team will assist the PMU and PPIUs in the consultation process. Their TORs can be found in the Project Administration Manual.

B. Public Disclosure

55. All IEEs, EMPs and environmental monitoring reports must be submitted and disclosed on ADB website. Oversight and production of the monitoring reports will be the responsibility of the national environment and climate change specialist in collaboration with the international environment and climate change specialist. Environmental monitoring reports for the project are

15

to be submitted every July, which will cover the reporting period of January to June, and every January, which covers the reporting period of July to December.

56. All environmental monitoring reports and IEEs will also be disclosed on the PMU’s website.

VI. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

A. Proposed Mechanism

57. The PMU will establish a Project Public Complaint Unit (PPCU) which will act as a central recording and coordinating unit for the subproject. Each subproject PMU will ensure that the GRM is publicized locally so that the community is fully aware of the mechanism and the local points of entry to it. The setting up of the grievance redress mechanism (GRM) in the PMU and its initial implementation will be supported by the environmental safeguards officer (ESO) of the PMU. The PPCU will consist of the environmental safeguards officer of the PMU, the nominated provincial environmental safeguards focal point, a representative of the implementation contracting firm, and two representatives of the village or farming community for which the subproject is being implemented, a male and female, and one representative of the commune.

58. The GRM will be accessible to diverse members of the community, including more vulnerable groups such as women and youth. Multiple points of entry, including face-to-face meetings, written complaints, telephone conversations, or e-mail, will be available. Opportunities for confidentiality and privacy for complainants will be honored where this is seen as important.

59. When construction starts, a sign will be erected at each construction site providing the public with updated project information and summarizing the GRM process including details of the GRM entry points. The contact persons for different GRM entry points; PMU and FWUC leaders where relevant, contractors, and operators of project facilities, will be identified prior to construction. The provincial environmental safeguards focal point will be the contact person at the subproject level. The contact details for the entry points such as phone numbers, addresses, email addresses, etc. will be publicly disseminated on information boards at construction sites and on the website of the local government.

60. The preferred action sequence for complaints handling is that the complaint should be investigated and if considered legitimate be resolved by the unit receiving the complaint. If this is not possible, the complaint should be referred to the PMU (the wider membership of which will enable a response and actions which are appropriate and coordinated).

61. The PPCU will maintain records of complaints and actions taken to correct them. This data will be included in the PMU’s reports to the ADB. The international environment and climate change and environment safeguards specialist will establish a GRM tracking and documentation system. The system will include the following elements: (i) tracking forms and procedures for gathering information from project personnel and complainant(s); (ii) staff to update the database routinely; (iii) systems with the capacity to analyze information so as to recognize grievance patterns, identify any systemic causes of grievances, promote transparency, publicize how complaints are being handled, and periodically evaluate the overall functioning of the mechanism; (iv) processes for informing stakeholders about the status of a case; and (v) procedures to retrieve data for reporting purposes, including the periodic reports to the ADB.

16

B. GRM Procedure and Timeframe

62. The procedure and timeframe for the GRM are described as follows (see Figure 1). The stages are represented by different colours in the flow diagram:

(i) Stage 1: If a concern arises during construction, the affected person will submit a written or oral complaint to the contractor directly and the relevant provincial environmental safeguards focal point can work with the contractor to address the issue. However, whenever possible, the contractor will resolve the issue directly with the affected person. The contractor will give a clear reply within five working days. If successful, the contractor will inform the PPCU accordingly.

(ii) Stage 2: If no appropriate solution can be found, the contractor should forward the

complaint to the PMU within five working days. The complainant may also decide to submit a written or oral complaint to the PMU, either directly or through one of the GRM entry points, FWUC or other farmers representative groups. The PMU will investigate and identify the solution and provide a clear reply for the complainant within five working days. The ESO of the PMU will assist in replying to the affected person. The PMU will, in a timely manner, convey the complaint/grievance and suggested solution to the contractors or operators of facilities. The contractors during construction and the operators during operation will implement the agreed upon redress solution and report the outcome to the PPCU within seven working days.

63. During construction, the PPCU will be informed by contractors and construction supervisors, cooperative board or PMUs if people complain about the project. During operation, the PPCU will be advised of complaints by the Provincial Department of Agriculture (PDA) and the cooperative. The PPCU will also inform the ADB project team and submit all relevant documents.

64. To ensure that complaints are dealt with in a timely fashion, the time limits set for referral of complaints and resolution, as stated above, are summarised as follows.

(i) Stage 1: A clear reply within five working days (ii) Stage 2: If no solution found, contractor submits to PMU within five working days. The PMU investigates and provides a clear reply for the complainant within five

working days. The contractor is then responsible for implementing the identified solution and reporting to the PPCU within seven working days.

65. The PMU will maintain records of complaints and actions taken to correct them. This data will be included in the PMU’s reports to the ADB.

17

VII. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT AND RESPONSIBILITIES

A. Implementing Arrangements

66. The project activities will cover three government ministries at central government and provincial level, and it is important that (i) the management, operations and monitoring of the project run smoothly and delays in implementation are kept to a minimum; and (ii) establishing management and coordinating mechanisms for implementation, procurement and disbursement are both efficient and clear.

67. The Ministry of Economy and Finance (MEF) is the official representative of the government as the borrower and recipient of funds. It is the responsibility of MEF to: (i) fulfil government fiduciary and financial management oversight; (ii) provide sufficient counterpart contribution for project activities in a timely manner; and (iii) ensure delays are not encountered in project procurement. Funds flow will be the responsibility of MEF which will work closely with the executing agency.

68. MAFF is the executing agency and will be responsible for overall project management, coordination and reporting. MAFF will establish a PMU with national technical departments of the Ministry of Waters and Meteorology (MOWRAM) and the Ministry of Rural Development (MRD) to provide technical support. The PMU will have the responsibility for the day to day management, coordination and supervision of the project, as well as consultant recruitment, financing and fund flow and the oversight of safeguard issues and measures. MEF will open three advance account for each source of funds and funds will be channelled to the subaccounts of MAFF, MOWRAM and MRD. The parent ministries will download the funds to their respective provincial implementing agencies for payments.

69. The project steering committee, chaired by the Minister of MAFF, vice-chaired by MEF and comprising representatives, at the level of Under Secretary of State or above, MOWRAM, Ministry of Rural Development (MRD), Ministry of Commerce (MOC), Ministry of Industry and Handicraft (MIH) and MOE, will provide oversight, coordination and policy guidance in all aspects of project implementation, except land acquisition and resettlement which is the responsibility of the Inter-Ministerial Resettlement Committee (IRC). Other ministries may be invited to attend as observers when specific issues of their concern are for discussion. In order that decisions are made quickly, it is recommended that the various steering committee members will be at least the rank of director general. The steering committee may invite persons and agencies to discuss specific agenda items, when required. For effective decision making, no more than 20 persons shall attend at any one meeting.

70. MOWRAM and MRD will be represented by their General Directorate of Technical Affairs in the PMU to technically advice and will serve as a central level coordinator.

71. A PPP inter-ministerial committee (IMC) will be formed and chaired by MEF and will have maximum 10 representatives purely to review potential PPP agribusiness projects and will meet once every two months. The private sector related to the value chains will have an input through the business forums, federations and associations that will provide feedback and information to

18

the proposed PPP IMC and on to the project steering committee. The forums, federations and associations can circumvent the IMC for non-PPP initiatives.

72. The climate smart agribusiness policy activity will be led by the working group that comprises of representatives from the MAFF, MEF, MOC, MIH and MOE. MEF will also have an input with respect to crop insurance and green finance initiatives. As MEF is the executing agency of the ADB Rice Commercialization project which has sponsored a feasibility study on how best to approach and implement crop insurance activities, MEF will also be required to provide assistance to the crop insurance initiative. MEF is also working on and being supported by ADB on PPP initiatives.

73. The General Directorate of Agriculture, CARDI, General Directorate of Animal Health and Production, the General Department of Technical Affairs of MOWRAM and the General Department of Technical Affairs of MRD will be implementing agencies.

74. The Cambodia Agricultural Research and Development Institute will be responsible for the climate resilient variety development activities, but when it comes to field demonstrations and trials will coordinate fully with PDA.

75. The PIC and other technical specialists as well as service providers including government staff as resource persons will carry out a range of capacity building and training activities, as well as pilot demonstrations and detailed engineering designs.

B. Environmental Monitoring and Reporting

76. To support the executing and implementing agencies to prepare environmental safeguards documents, and implement the environmental management and monitoring plans of subprojects, a safeguards officer will be assigned to the PMU. The ESO, whose duties are listed in the terms of reference in Annex 3, will be assisted and trained by an international environment and climate change and environment safeguards specialist consultant on environmental management and monitoring. With these staff and consultant, the capacity of the executing and implementing agencies is considered adequate to implement government legislation and ADB safeguard requirements.

77. Each line agency at the provincial level will assign a provincial environmental safeguards focal point in each province where their relevant subprojects are located. For example, PDWRAM will assign the focal points for irrigation subprojects, PDRD will assign the focal points for rural road subprojects, PDA will assign the focal points for agriculture related activities etc. The provincial environmental safeguards focal points will (i) oversee implementation of the EMP and monitoring plan for relevant subprojects; (ii) screen subprojects for environmental impacts; (iii) categorize subprojects for environment; (iv) implement the GRM; and (v) provide input as required to semi-annual environmental monitoring reports. See Annex 4 for the TOR of this position.

78. The PMU’s ESO will specifically focus on (i) assisting the PMU to implement the provisions of the EARF for each subproject; (ii) providing training to provincial environmental safeguards focal points to facilitate implementation of the EARF, IEE and EMP; (iii) consolidating the categorization of subprojects for submission to ADB; (iv) working with the provincial environmental safeguards focal points to implement the project GRM; and (v)

19

reviewing the semi-annual environmental monitoring reports prepared by the consultant and submitting these to the ADB.

79. PICs will be employed during implementation, and the international and national climate change and environment safeguards specialists will provide expert advice and guidance and conduct capacity building on environmental management and monitoring. The TOR for the environment expert and specialist positions are detailed in Annexes 5 and 6.

80. During construction, the PMU will make appropriate arrangements for monitoring according to implementation progress. When complaints are received from the public (either directly or via the formal GRM), monitoring staff will conduct additional inspections immediately.

81. The PMU will submit semi-annual environmental monitoring reports to ADB in January for the July to December reporting period, and in July for the January to June reporting period. The international and national climate change and environmental safeguards specialists will assit the PMU in preparing the environmental monitoring reports.

82. The project monitoring program will focus on the environment within the project’s area of influence. An environmental monitoring program is summarized in Table 6. The program considers the scope of monitoring and frequency. The monitoring results will be assessed against the following standards and corrective management implemented in cases of non-compliance:

(i) The sub-decree No 27 ANRK.BK on Water Pollution Control is dated on 6 April 1999. (Table for Lake and Reservoir);

(ii) The sub-decree No 36 ANRK.BK on Solid Waste Management is dated on 27 April 1999; and

(iii) Ministry of Industry Mines and Energy Drinking Water Quality Standards, January 2004.

83. For the re-use and disposal of silt from canal cleaning or dredging, there is no standard issued by the Government of Cambodia, and for paddy field environments, standards from the People’s Republic of China and Japan will be applied and referenced.12

12 People’s Republic of China (PRC): GB4284-84 Control standards for pollutants in sludge for agricultural use; PRC:

GB/T23486-2009 Sludge quality for afforestation in gardens or forests; and Japan: Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) for soil pollution, August 1991.

21

Table 6: Environmental Monitoring Plan

Parameters Location Frequency Costs Responsibilities

Pre-Construction Planning for design as well as implementation will include monitoring to ensure that all sites for bio-digesters, ponds, buildings, irrigation and laser grading are managed in a systematic manner adopting clean management procedures by contractors.

Understanding the value of top soils, the need to manage site waste and to maintain a clean and safe site will be monitored.

Ongoing site management

It will be specifically woven into contractual documents.

PIC and PMU to inspect.

Existing on-site vegetation All on-site vegetation designated for protection and inclusion in the finished site should be identified. (Some sites may have none).

Once at the pre- construction period.

One day including logistics

National Nominated Provincial Officer to visit site

Surface water quality: pH, SS, EC, NH4+, NO3-, PO4 3, DO, BOD5, COD, Oil & Grease, Coliforms.

Any surface water associated with building sites and irrigation sub-projects requires the testing of water to establish baseline water quality for surface water which enters and will leave the project site.

Once at the pre- construction period.

A unit cost of $420 per suite of tests.

PIC & PMU

During Construction Dust and noise Site inspection of subproject site Quarterly A unit cost of one

day monitoring including logistics

PIC to supervise and PMU to inspect

On-site vegetation Site inspection of subproject sites as appropriate. Quarterly Unit cost of one day monitoring including logistics

Surface water quality: pH, SS, EC, NH4+, NO3-, PO4 3, DO, BOD5, COD, Oil & Grease, Coliforms

Any surface / Canal water 100m downstream of major construction sites where there could be some contamination.

Quarterly A unit cost of $420 per suite of tests.

PIC & PMU

Solid Waste Management Building site is to be kept clean and orderly to minimise prospect of accidents. All waste is to be segregated by type and be placed in a prescribed and dedicated location for removal.

Quarterly Unit cost of one day monitoring including logistics

Operation Phase Surface water quality: pH, SS, EC, NH4+, NO3-, PO4 3, DO, BOD5, COD, Oil & Grease, Coliforms.

Any surface water associated with sub-project sites. Semi-annual A unit cost of $420 per suite of tests both for ground and surface water testing.

PMU & IAs to contract an organization to do sampling and testing.

Groundwater quality: “Priority Parameters”: pH, Turbidity, Arsenic, Iron, TDS, Pesticides, coliforms.

Groundwater quality should not be compromised at all during operation. If considered necessary, sampling points, where available, could be identified during detailed design.

Semi-annual PMU to contract an organization to do sampling and testing13

13 The terms of reference for water testing is in Annex 7.

23

C. Estimated Environmental Monitoring Costs

84. The costs of implementing the environmental management and impact mitigation measures listed in the EMP matrix are included in the design costs, construction contracts and operational budgets. Detailed budget allocations against each of the items in the EMP will be developed by the PMU with the assistance of the environment specialist. Cost estimates for EMP and environmental monitoring, public consultations and capacity building are summarized in Table 7. The compliance monitoring costs will be borne by the borrowing country. Internal monitoring costs will be borne by the project through the contractors and the implementing agencies. Independent monitoring costs will be from the PMU consultancy budget. Before implementing a monitoring plan, responsible agencies will present a more detailed breakdown of the estimated budget. During project implementation, the budgets will be adjusted based upon actual requirements. Contractors will bear the costs of all mitigation measures during construction, which will be included in the tender and contract documents. The implementing agencies will bear the costs related to mitigation measures during operation. Costs related to environmental supervision during construction and operation will be borne by the implementing agencies and the operators. Costs for capacity building will be borne by the project as a whole.

85. The continuing activities of the PMU’s monitoring during construction and the initial operational period will be funded from the construction budget. PDAFF, PDRD, and PDWRAMs’ ongoing monitoring costs will be covered by their operational budget.

Table 7: Cost Estimates for the Environmental Management Plan and Monitoring per subproject

Item Estimated Costs 14 (USD)

Source of Funds

Environmental mitigation (including EMP operationalization)

800 Contractor Budget

Environmental monitoring (e.g. Including water quality testing, soil & excavation testing).

1,100 PMU Budget & IA budget

Public Consultation 500 PMU Budget

Environmental management Consultancy (where needed).

1,300 PMU Budget

Training (specific training to nominated staff where needed)

1,500 PMU Budget

Total $5,200

14 These figures assume costs of staff member time are paid for, project logistics will cover vehicles and the PMU will

improve the efficiency of process through iteration.

24 Annex 1

RAPID ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (REA) CHECKLIST

Solid Waste Management - Biodigester

(Note: This REA template is for the proposed Biodigestor (solid waste management) activities. )

Instructions:

(i) The project team completes this checklist to support the environmental classification of a project. It is to be attached to the environmental categorization form and submitted to the Environment and Safeguards Division (RSES) for endorsement by the Director, RSES and for approval by the Chief Compliance Officer.

(ii) This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social dimensions are adequately considered, refer also to ADB's (a) checklists on involuntary resettlement and Indigenous Peoples; (b) poverty reduction handbook; (c) staff guide to consultation and participation; and (d) gender checklists.

(iii) Answer the questions assuming the “without mitigation” case. The purpose is to identify potential impacts. Use the “remarks” section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.

Country/Project Title:

Sector Division:

Screening Questions Yes No Remarks

A. Project Siting Is the project area

▪ Densely populated?

▪ Heavy with development activities?

▪ Adjacent to or within any environmentally sensitive areas?

• Cultural heritage site

• Protected Area

• Wetland

• Mangrove

• Estuarine

• Buffer zone of protected area

• Special area for protecting biodiversity

• Bay

Cambodia Climate Friendly Agribusiness Value Chain Sector Project

South East Asia Department – Environment, Natural Resources and

Agriculture

Annex 1 25


B. Potential Environmental Impacts Will the Project cause…

▪ impacts associated with transport of wastes to the disposal site or treatment facility

▪ impairment of historical/cultural monuments/areas and loss/damage to these sites?

▪ degradation of aesthetic and property value loss?

▪ nuisance to neighbouring areas due to foul odour and influx of insects, rodents, etc.?

▪ dislocation or involuntary resettlement of people?

▪ disproportionate impacts on the poor, women and children, Indigenous Peoples or other vulnerable groups?

▪ risks and vulnerabilities related occupational health and safety due to physical, chemical, biological, and radiological hazards during project construction and operation?

▪ public health hazards from odor, smoke from fire, and diseases transmitted by flies, insects, birds and rats?

▪ deterioration of water quality as a result of contamination of receiving waters by leacheate from land disposal system?

▪ contamination of ground and/or surface water by leach ate from land disposal system?

▪ land use conflicts?

▪ pollution of surface and ground water from leach ate coming form sanitary landfill sites or methane gas produced from decomposition of solid wastes in the absence of air, which could enter the aquifer or escape through soil fissures at places far from the landfill site?

▪ inadequate buffer zone around landfill site to alleviate nuisances?

▪ road blocking and/or increased traffic during construction of facilities?

▪ noise and dust from construction activities?

▪ temporary silt runoff due to construction?

▪ hazards to public health due to inadequate management of landfill site caused by inadequate institutional and financial capabilities for the management of the landfill operation?

▪ emission of potentially toxic volatile organics from land disposal site?

26 Annex 1


▪ surface and ground water pollution from leach ate and methane gas migration?

▪ loss of deep-rooted vegetation (e.g. tress) from landfill gas?

▪ explosion of toxic response from accumulated landfill gas in buildings?

▪ contamination of air quality from incineration?

▪ public health hazards from odor, smoke from fire, and diseases transmitted by flies, rodents, insects and birds, etc.?

▪ health and safety hazards to workers from toxic gases and hazardous materials in the site?

▪ large population influx during project construction and operation that causes increased burden on social infrastructure and services (such as water supply and sanitation systems)?

▪ social conflicts if workers from other regions or countries are hired?

▪ risks to community health and safety due to the transport, storage, and use and/or disposal of materials such as explosives, fuel and other chemicals during construction and operation?

▪ community safety risks due to both accidental and natural hazards, especially where the structural elements or components (e.g., landfill or incinerator) of the project are accessible to members of the affected community or where their failure could result in injury to the community throughout project construction, operation and decommissioning?

Annex 1 27

A Checklist for Preliminary Climate Risk Screening

Country/Project Title: Cambodia Climate Friendly Agribusiness Value Chain Sector Project Sector: South East Asia Department – Environment, Natural Resources and Agriculture Subsector: Division/Department:

Screening Questions Score Remarks15

Location and Design of project

Is siting and/or routing of the project (or its outputs) likely to be affected by climate conditions including extreme weather-related events such as floods, droughts, storms, landslides?

Would the project design (e.g. the clearance for bridges) need to consider any hydro-meteorological parameters (e.g., sea-level, peak river flow, reliable water level, peak wind speed etc)?

Materials and Maintenance

Would weather, current and likely future climate conditions (e.g. prevailing humidity level, temperature contrast between hot summer days and cold winter days, exposure to wind and humidity hydro-meteorological parameters likely affect the selection of project inputs over the life of project outputs (e.g. construction material)?

Would weather, current and likely future climate conditions, and related extreme events likely affect the maintenance (scheduling and cost) of project output(s)?

Performance of project outputs

Would weather/climate conditions, and related extreme events likely affect the performance (e.g. annual power production) of project output(s) (e.g. hydro-power generation facilities) throughout their design life time?

Options for answers and corresponding score are provided below:

Response Score

Not Likely 0

Likely 1

Very Likely 2

Responses when added that provide a score of 0 will be considered low risk project. If adding all responses will result to a score of 1-4 and that no score of 2 was given to any single response, the project will be assigned a medium risk category. A total score of 5 or more (which include providing a score of 1 in all responses) or a 2 in any single response, will be categorized as high risk project. Result of Initial Screening (Low, Medium, High):___________ Other Comments:_________________________________________________________________________

Prepared by: ________________

15 If possible, provide details on the sensitivity of project outputs to climate conditions, such as how climate parameters

are considered in design standards for infrastructure outputs, how changes in key climate parameters and sea level might affect the siting/routing of project, the selection of construction material and/or scheduling, performances and/or the maintenance cost/scheduling of project outputs.

28 Annex 1

Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist

Buildings

(Note: This REA template is for the proposed building activities)

Instructions:

(i) The project team completes this checklist to support the environmental classification of a project. It is to be attached to the environmental categorization form and submitted to the Environment and Safeguards Division (RSES) for endorsement by Director, RSES and for approval by the Chief Compliance Officer.

(ii) This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social dimensions are adequately considered, refer also to ADB's (a) checklists on involuntary resettlement and Indigenous Peoples; (b) poverty reduction handbook; (c) staff guide to consultation and participation; and (d) gender checklists.

(iii) Answer the questions assuming the “without mitigation” case. The purpose is to identify potential impacts. Use the “remarks” section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.

Country/Project Title:

Sector Division:


A. Project Siting Is the project area adjacent to or within any of the following areas:

▪ Underground utilities

▪ Cultural heritage site

▪ Protected Area

▪ Wetland

▪ Mangrove

▪ Estuarine

▪ Buffer zone of protected area

▪ Special area for protecting biodiversity

▪ Bay


▪ Encroachment on historical/cultural areas?


South East Asia Department – Environment, Natural Resources and Agriculture

Annex 1 29


▪ Encroachment on precious ecology (e.g. sensitive or protected areas)?

▪ Impacts on the sustainability of associated sanitation and solid waste disposal systems?

▪ Dislocation or involuntary resettlement of people?

▪ Disproportionate impacts on the poor, women and children, Indigenous Peoples or other vulnerable groups?

▪ Accident risks associated with increased vehicular traffic, leading to loss of life?

▪ Increased noise and air pollution resulting from increased traffic volume?

▪ Occupational and community health and safety risks?

▪ Risks and vulnerabilities related to occupational health and safety due to physical, chemical, biological, and radiological hazards during project construction and operation?

▪ Generation of dust in sensitive areas during construction?

▪ Requirements for disposal of fill, excavation, and/or spoil materials?

▪ Noise and vibration due to blasting and other civil works?

▪ Long-term impacts on groundwater flows as result of needing to drain the project site prior to construction?

▪ Long-term impacts on local hydrology as a result of building hard surfaces in or near the building?

▪ Large population influx during project construction and operation that causes increased burden on social infrastructure and services (such as water supply and sanitation systems)?

▪ Social conflicts if workers from other regions or countries are hired?

▪ Risks to community safety caused by fire, electric shock, or failure of the buildings safety features during operation?

▪ Risks to community health and safety caused by management and disposal of waste?

30 Annex 1


▪ Community safety risks due to both accidental and natural hazards, especially where the structural elements or outputs of the project are accessible to members of the affected community or where their failure could result in injury to the community throughout project construction, operation and decommissioning?

31 Annex 1


Country/Project Title: Cambodia Climate Friendly Agribusiness Value Chain Sector Project

Sector : South East Asia Department – Environment, Natural Resources and Agriculture

Subsector:

Division/Department:



Is siting and/or routing of the project (or its outputs) likely to be affected by climate conditions including extreme weather related events such as floods, droughts, storms, landslides?




Would weather, current and likely future climate conditions, and related extreme events likely affect the maintenance (scheduling and cost) of project output(s) ?




Response Score

Not Likely 0

Likely 1

Very Likely 2

Responses when added that provide a score of 0 will be considered low risk project. If adding all responses will result to a score of 1-4 and that no score of 2 was given to any single response, the project will be assigned a medium risk category. A total score of 5 or more (which include providing a score of 1 in all responses) or a 2 in any single response, will be categorized as high risk project. Result of Initial Screening (Low, Medium, High):___________

Other Comments:__________________________________________________________________________

Prepared by: ________________



32 Annex 1


Roads

(Note: This REA template is for the proposed road building activities)

Instructions: (i) The project team completes this checklist to support the environmental classification of a project. It is to

be attached to the environmental categorization form and submitted to the Environment and Safeguards Division (RSES), for endorsement by Director, RSES and for approval by the Chief Compliance Officer.

(ii) This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social dimensions are

adequately considered, refer also to ADB's (a) checklists on involuntary resettlement and Indigenous Peoples; (b) poverty reduction handbook; (c) staff guide to consultation and participation; and (d) gender checklists.

(iii) Answer the questions assuming the “without mitigation” case. The purpose is to identify potential impacts.

Use the “remarks” section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.

Country/Project Title: Sector Division:


A. Project Siting Is the project area adjacent to or within any of the following environmentally sensitive areas?

▪ Cultural heritage site

▪ Protected Area

▪ Wetland

▪ Mangrove

▪ Estuarine




▪ encroachment on historical/cultural areas; disfiguration of landscape by road embankments, cuts, fills, and quarries?

▪ encroachment on precious ecology (e.g. sensitive or protected areas)?



Agriculture

Annex 1 33


▪ alteration of surface water hydrology of waterways crossed by roads, resulting in increased sediment in streams affected by increased soil erosion at construction site?

▪ deterioration of surface water quality due to silt runoff and sanitary wastes from worker-based camps and chemicals used in construction?

▪ increased local air pollution due to rock crushing, cutting and filling works, and chemicals from asphalt processing?

▪ risks and vulnerabilities related to occupational health and safety due to physical, chemical, biological, and radiological hazards during project construction and operation during project construction and operation?

▪ noise and vibration due to blasting and other civil works?


▪ dislocation and compulsory resettlement of people living in right-of-way?


▪ other social concerns relating to inconveniences in living conditions in the project areas that may trigger cases of upper respiratory problems and stress?

▪ hazardous driving conditions where construction interferes with pre-existing roads?

▪ poor sanitation and solid waste disposal in construction camps and work sites, and possible transmission of communicable diseases (such as STI's and HIV/AIDS) from workers to local populations?

▪ creation of temporary breeding habitats for diseases such as those transmitted by mosquitoes and rodents?

▪ accident risks associated with increased vehicular traffic, leading to accidental spills of toxic materials?

▪ increased noise and air pollution resulting from traffic volume?

▪ increased risk of water pollution from oil, grease and fuel spills, and other materials from vehicles using the road?


34 Annex 1




▪ community safety risks due to both accidental and natural causes, especially where the structural elements or outputs of the project are accessible to members of the affected community or where their failure could result in injury to the community throughout project construction, operation and decommissioning.

Annex 1 35




Location and

Design of project



Materials and

Maintenance



Performance of

project outputs



Response Score

Not Likely 0

Likely 1

Very Likely 2

Responses when added that provide a score of 0 will be considered low risk project. If adding all responses will result to a score of 1-4 and that no score of 2 was given to any single response, the project will be assigned a medium risk category. A total score of 5 or more (which include providing a score of 1 in all responses) or a 2 in any single response, will be categorized as high risk project. Result of Initial Screening (Low, Medium, High):___________ Other Comments:__________________________________________________________________________ Prepared by: ________________



36 Annex 1


Irrigation

(Note: This REA template is for the proposed irrigation activities)

Instructions: (i) The project team completes this checklist to support the environmental classification of a project.

It is to be attached to the environmental categorization form and submitted to the Environment and Safeguards Division (RSES) for endorsement by the Director, RSES and for approval by the Chief Compliance Officer.

(ii) This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social dimensions

are adequately considered, refer also to ADB's (a) checklists on involuntary resettlement and Indigenous Peoples; (b) poverty reduction handbook; (c) staff guide to consultation and participation; and (d) gender checklists.

(iii) Answer the questions assuming the “without mitigation” case. The purpose is to identify

potential impacts. Use the “remarks” section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.

Country/Project Title: Sector Division:


A. Project Siting Is the project area adjacent to or within any of the following environmentally sensitive areas?

▪ Protected Area

▪ Wetland

▪ Mangrove

▪ Estuarine



B. Potential Environmental Impacts Will the project cause…

▪ loss of precious ecological values (e.g. result of encroachment into forests/swamplands or historical/cultural buildings/areas, disruption of hydrology of natural waterways, regional flooding, and drainage hazards)?



Agriculture

Annex 1 37


▪ conflicts in water supply rights and related social conflicts?

▪ impediments to movements of people and animals?

▪ potential ecological problems due to increased soil erosion and siltation, leading to decreased stream capacity?

▪ Insufficient drainage leading to salinity intrusion?

▪ over pumping of groundwater, leading to salinization and ground subsidence?

▪ impairment of downstream water quality and therefore, impairment of downstream beneficial uses of water?



▪ potential social conflicts arising from land tenure and land use issues?

▪ soil erosion before compaction and lining of canals?

▪ noise from construction equipment?

▪ dust during construction?

▪ waterlogging and soil salinization due to inadequate drainage and farm management?

▪ leaching of soil nutrients and changes in soil characteristics due to excessive application of irrigation water?

▪ reduction of downstream water supply during peak seasons?

▪ soil erosion (furrow, surface)?

▪ soil pollution, polluted farm runoff and groundwater, and public health risks due to excessive application of fertilizers and pesticides?

▪

▪ scouring of canals?

▪ clogging of canals by sediments?

▪ clogging of canals by weeds?

▪ seawater intrusion into downstream freshwater systems?

▪ introduction of increase in incidence of waterborne or water related diseases?

38 Annex 1


▪ dangers to a safe and healthy working environment due to physical, chemical and biological hazards during project construction and operation?




▪ community safety risks due to both accidental and natural hazards, especially where the structural elements or outputs of the project (e.g., irrigation dams) are accessible to members of the affected community or where their failure could result in injury to the community throughout project construction, operation and decommissioning?

Annex 1 39













Response Score

Not Likely 0

Likely 1

Very Likely 2

Responses when added that provide a score of 0 will be considered low risk project. If adding all responses will result to a score of 1-4 and that no score of 2 was given to any single response, the project will be assigned a medium risk category. A total score of 5 or more (which include providing a score of 1 in all responses) or a 2 in any single response, will be categorized as high risk project. Result of Initial Screening (Low, Medium, High):___________ Other Comments:_________________________________________________________________________ Prepared by: ________________



Annex 2 40

ENVIRONMENTAL CODE OF CONDUCT

1. The matrix below summarizes the typical potential impacts of category C subprojects developed as part of the Climate-Friendly Agribusiness Value Chain Sector Project.19 It also outlines corresponding mitigation measures designated to minimize those impacts. It will be included in the bidding documents.

2. The mitigation measures, suitably adapted to particular subprojects and locations, will be incorporated into tender documents, construction contracts, and operational management procedures. Contractors, PIC, PMU, PDRD, PDA and PDWRAMs will implement these measures, depending upon subproject phases. The effectiveness of these measures will be carefully monitored watched via environmental monitoring to determine whether to continue them or to make improvements.

Table A.2.1: Environmental Code of Conduct

Potential impacts Nature of impacts Significance** Duration Mitigation Measures Cost Responsibilities 1. Recommendation during project location and design phase Timing of Works The works involved in excavation

for Irrigation, biodigesters and ponds will involve extensive vehicle movements, removal of spoil, and installation of the new which will impact upon the daily lives of people in the commune.

D3 Short term To minimize the impact of subprojects in the commune, planning needs to ensure early discussions will take place with commune heads to talk about the schedule and agree on times within which the PIC can operate.

N/A - PMU/PPCU - Technical

Assistance (TA) - Monitor by

PMU/PPCU.

Non compliance of the technical design to applicable national and international guidelines

Quality of all subproject installations will incorporate where appropriate (i) energy efficient principles and detailing, (ii) location such that there will be minimal vulnerability to flash flooding, (iii) specified to withstand potential impact of increase in high velocity winds and storms.

D3 Long Term

Final technical design of the subproject outputs should take into consideration the following: (i) construction specifications to incorporate energy efficient principles and technical specification to withstand increase in uncharacteristic storm events; (ii) sanitation facilities should not be located near source of drinking water (at least 30 meters from the source of drinking water) and consistent with applicable national and international guidelines (i.e. World Health Organization’s Water,

Included in the project

cost

- PMU/PPCU - TA/ Contractor - Monitor by:

PMU/PPCU/TA (Environment Specialist)

19 Environmental management and monitoring plans are included in the initial environmental examinations of category “B” subprojects.

Annex 2 41

Potential impacts Nature of impacts Significance** Duration Mitigation Measures Cost Responsibilities Sanitation and Hygiene Standards for Schools in Low-cost Settings) if project will provide; and (iii) follow further applicable rules and regulations on structural integrity of building structure.

Existing on site vegetation

All on site vegetation designated for protection and inclusion in the finished site should be identified.

Identification of protection measures including fencing, soil protection, and pruning as necessary.

Included in the project cost

Design contractor in liaise with Environment Specialist.

UXO Project works will take place in areas that are already well trafficked thus, it is not likely to have a significant UXO risk. During the public consultation in March 2016, no one raised any UXO risk at the proposed site. However, a borrow pit site is in the location, which potentially could be a UXO site.

D2 Short term To avoid any risks, all sites where excavation or ground clearance needs to take place, where there is a reasonable doubt as to the safety of the area, an approved mine clearance agency should be engaged for an agreed package of verification, detection and clearance work, to ensure that all areas where excavation, or access construction will take place are clear of UXO.

In contract by

Contractor

- PMU/PPCU - TA/ Contractor - Monitor by:


Protected areas

The subproject is located outside all of the known protected areas. The surrounding land use is dominated by paddy field and domestic homes. Thus, the potential impact on local ecological features is not envisaged. Building footprint will cover a small land area.

D1 N/A N/A N/A - PMO/PIU - TA - Monitor by:

PMO/PIU/TA (Environment Specialist)

Fish migration May be not significant

D1 N/A N/ N/A

- PMU/PPCU - Monitor by:


42 Annex 2

Potential impacts Nature of impacts Significance** Duration Mitigation Measures Cost Responsibilities Encroachment of precious ecological areas.

Not significant D1

Short Term

The proposed sites will be out of protected and conservation areas and thus activities will not have any significant impact, but should issues arise during construction or operation planning will ensure environmental considerations will be taken into account.

Included in Project cost

- PMU/PPCU - Monitor by:


Historical/cultural monuments and values

No historical or cultural monuments are located in the subproject area

D1 N/A N/A N/A - PMU/PPCU - Monitor by:


Funeral areas Based on the visit in March 2016, there are no funeral areas within the proposed project. Villagers also do not raise this issue.

D1 N/A N/A N/A - PMU/PPCU - TA: Engineer - FWUC - Monitor by:


Resettlement / Land Acquisition

There is no significant impact on land resettlement; however private assets including land and economic trees must be considered with compliance to ADB and Cambodian policy.

D2 Long Term

Included in Resettlement Plan. Issue dealt with

through RAP

- PMU/PPCU - TA: Resettlement - Monitor by:

PMU/PPCU/TA (Resettlement)

2. Impacts during Construction Dust from construction works

An adverse environmental impact could occur during the construction phase in case of improper construction management but is not likely significant.

D2 Short Term

Water shall be sprayed during construction if the construction zone will be located close 50 m to settlement areas such as village, hospital, school and so on to ensure that dust is minimized throughout the construction zone.

In contract of a

contractor bidding

package

- Contractor - Monitor:


Existing on site vegetation

Damage to existing on site vegetation can occur by vehicles, machinery, ignorance of workers, pollution of soils etc.

D2 Can cause death of trees

All vegetation planned for inclusion in site requires identification and protection during construction period.

In contract of a

contractor

- Contractor - Monitoring by

Nominated provincial officer.

Annex 2 43

Potential impacts Nature of impacts Significance** Duration Mitigation Measures Cost Responsibilities Appropriate fencing and where necessary pruning to shape should occur.

bidding package

Dust and material Transportation

An adverse environmental impact could occur during the construction phase in case of improper construction management but is not likely significant.

D2 Short Term

Dry material handling and transport generate large amounts of dust thus: ▪ The Contractor shall

prepare a dust control program.

▪ Water shall be sprayed where dry materials are handled, crushed and transported.

Vehicles transporting materials are to be covered to reduce spills and dust.

In contract of a

contractor bidding

package



Air pollution and noise An adverse environmental impact could occur during the construction phase in case of improper construction management but is not likely significant.

D2 Short Term

Vehicle and equipment emissions cause air pollution and noise. Hence, vehicles and equipment are to be maintained to meet Cambodian emission and noise standards. Construction within 100m of a village or town is to be limited to lunch hours and night time.

In contract of a

contractor bidding

package

- Contractor - Monitor by:


Human waste from construction

An adverse environmental impact could occur during the construction phase from workers feces. This will generate flies and transmitted diseases which will possibly result unsanitation in the areas.

D2 Short Term

Provision of sanitary facilities (toilets, burying, etc.) with proper waste disposal will be provided by contractors.

In contract of a

contractor bidding

package



Solid waste generation from construction camp, work sites and workers

Solid waste can create nuisance and bad odor, encourage disease vectors (such as flies and rats), block drainage system and hazard to environment. Hence, sufficient garbage containers are to be provided in construction camps and

D3 Short Term

Every camp and work site should be clean during stay and before moving to a new sites.

In contract of a

contractor bidding

package



44 Annex 2

Potential impacts Nature of impacts Significance** Duration Mitigation Measures Cost Responsibilities at work site, and be emptied daily, the waste being disposed of in an approved dump site.

Traffic accident and traffic jam of equipment transportation

Some heavy equipment (heavy trucks, bulldozers, backhoes, etc.) will be brought to the construction areas for excavation and construction works. They will only be transported in and out during the construction period and in relatively small numbers. Even though the project area is not heavily populated, no serious disturbance is envisaged; however it could possibly cause accidents in local communities, traffic jam and dust.

D3 Short Term

Construction vehicles will comply with national speed limitation.

Construction vehicles will drive at low speeds, especially at market, school, hospital, urban areas.

Keep road space or bypass for travellers to avoid traffic jams.

Vehicle for construction should park at designated safe places.

In contract of a

contractor bidding

package



Soil erosion Soil erosion will occur during earthwork but the footprint (size) of the building is very small thus impact is not significant.

D3 Medium Good construction practices shall help to mitigate soil erosion and siltation.

Project Package

- Contractor in corporation with local authority

- Monitor by: PMU/PPCU/TA (Environment Specialist)

Worker safety and health

Some workers will be recruited for construction activities and workers' camp will be constructed. These will include non skilled workers, operators and drivers as well as surveyors and construction supervisors. Since the works will be relatively small scale and expected to be completed within one year, large numbers of workers are not expected. However, safety and health impacts will be also expected.

D3 Short Term

Workers should wear protection equipment during works to ensure that they are safe and good health.

A contractor should develop a guideline on working mechanism, health and safety during construction. Manager should educate his workers on health and safety projection.

In contract of a contractor bidding package



Conflict Some workers will be recruited for construction activities & workers'

D2 Short Term

A contractor should develop a guideline on staff management

In contract of a

- Contractor - Local authority

Annex 2 45

Potential impacts Nature of impacts Significance** Duration Mitigation Measures Cost Responsibilities camp may be constructed for non skilled workers, operators and drivers as well as surveyors and construction supervisors. Since the works will be relatively small scale and expected to be completed within one year, large numbers of workers are not expected. However, conflict could be expected.

and policy. Manager should educate his workers to avoid any conflict which may happen in advance.

contractor bidding

package


Transmitted diseases Some workers will be recruited for construction activities and workers' camp will be constructed. These will include non skilled workers, operators and drivers as well as surveyors and construction supervisors with different gender. Hence, transmitted diseases, especially HIV, will be also expected.

D3 Short Term

A contractor should develop a guideline on health and safety management during construction.

Manager should educate his workers on health and HIV program.

In contract of a

contractor bidding

package



Pollution from fuels and black oil

The impact is temporary, as the risk will be confined to the construction period.

D2 Medium Term

Secure and controlled storage of all toxic and hazardous materials including fuels and black oil. Provide sanitation arrangements at work sites, to avoid no raw sewage released into drains or streams. Maintenance of vehicles and plant in sound operable condition, preventing oil leakages and excessive exhaust emissions.

Black oil should be stored for sale.

In contract of a

contractor bidding

package



3. Environmental Impacts during Operation Solid waste Solid waste will be generated

during the operation but most of them may be organic waste.

D3 Medium Term

Encourage proper waste segregation, collection and disposal.

Included in Project Cost

- PPCU/FWUG/ - Monitor by:


46 Annex 2

Potential impacts Nature of impacts Significance** Duration Mitigation Measures Cost Responsibilities

Biodigestion into gas and composting program is recommended, and training of community and beneficiaries in use is part of program.

Conflict of water utilization

This will occur between customers and workers or staff if improper management.

D2 Long Term

It should be avoidable with support of FWUC or committee.

Training program for good service providers should be also provided.

- PPCU/FWUG/ Local Authority /Environment/ CD

- Monitor by: PMU/PPCU/TA CD Specialist)

4. Environmental and Social Benefits Increasing agricultural activities and farmer’s knowledge

The improved good service providers and management will enable the communities to manage the cassava storage and looking for good market. Training will improve farmers' knowledge on business accompany, cassava storage, communication skill, and role of the FWUC/Committee and its benefits, which strengthens them for long term.

D4+ Long Term

Strengthen capacity of FWUC and local authority for management, business accompany and communication skill.

Cost in package of FWUC and

capacity building

- PPCU/FWUG/Local authority


Employment Through the enhancement of agricultural activities and local incomes, in migrant employment will benefit local communities who will migrate for job. Additionally some of migrant employment will return home for improving their agriculture and will have a chance to find a job at the locality.

D3+ Long Term

Strengthen capacity of FWUC and local authority for problem solution, management and maintenance of the irrigation.

Cost in package of FWUC and

capacity building

- PPCU/FWUG/Local authority


Note: Significance: There is a range of numbers used ranging from D1 (little significance) to D4 (significant impact).

47 Annex 3

TERMS OF REFERENCE

Environmental Safeguards Officer under Project Management Unit20 The officer will have a detailed understanding of the environmental assessment and review framework (EARF) and relevant laws and regulations and ADB requirements for environmental safeguards. Working closely with the national climate change and environment safeguards specialist, the officer will:

(i) assist the project management unit (PMU) to implement the environmental screening and assessment provisions of the EARF for each subproject;

(ii) liaise with the national climate change and environment safeguards specialist to provide training to provincial departments, farmer water user communities and agricultural cooperative members to facilitate implementation of the EARF;

(iii) assist PMU to ensure that candidate subprojects are correctly screened and comply with the selection criteria for environment;

(iv) working with the PMU to implement the project grievance redress mechanism (GRM), including: (i) instruct the PMU and other project agencies including the provincial environmental safeguards focal points on their responsibilities in the GRM; (ii) establish a simple registry system, to document and track grievances received (including forms to record complaints and how they have been resolved); and (iii) prepare reports on progress of the GRM for inclusion in the semi-annual environmental monitoring and progress reports to ADB; and

(v) Assist the national climate change and environment safeguards specialist with monitoring data for the development of environmental reports during subproject construction as needed, and semi-annual environmental progress reports for the PMU to submit to ADB.

20 As per the request from the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, this role will be filled by an officer who will

in addition have other duties.

48 Annex 4

TERMS OF REFERENCE

Nominated Provincial Environmental Safeguards Focal Point At the provincial and subproject levels, environmental safeguards focal points will be nominated by the various provincial departments associated with the implementation of subproject activities. The officer will:

(i) oversee implementation of the environmental management plan and monitoring plan for relevant subprojects;

(ii) screen subprojects for environmental impacts; (iii) categorize subprojects for environment; (iv) implement the grievance redress mechanism; and (v) provide input as required to semi-annual environmental monitoring reports.

Annex 5 49

TERMS OF REFERENCE

International Climate Change & Environment Safeguards Specialist under the Project Implementation Consulting Team (CS1)

(8 person-months)

Background

1. The Climate-Friendly Agribusiness Value Chains Sector Project will invest in pro-poor, inclusive and climate resilient agricultural value chains in Cambodia. The project’s impact will be enhanced productivity, quality, value addition and rural household income in the project areas (Kampong Cham and Tboung Khmum provinces along the Southern and Kampot and Takeo provinces along the south-coastal transport corridor).

2. The outcome will be more efficient resource utilization and climate resilience for competitive and inclusive agribusiness value chains in Cambodia, through the provision of (i) improved critical production and post-harvest infrastructure; (ii) reducing energy costs by promoting renewable energy use; and (iii) offering targeted agribusiness policy and capacity support services.

Qualifications

3. The consultant should have (i) a master's degree or higher in environmental management, agriculture, or natural resource management; (ii) at least 10 years of experience in climate change capacity building, environmental management, monitoring, and/or impact assessment; (iii) familiarity with ADB environmental safeguard requirements and national environmental management procedures; (iv) ability to communicate and work effectively with local communities, contractors, and government agencies;(v) ability to analyse data and prepare technical reports; (vi) willingness and health to regularly visit the subproject sites; and (vii) proficiency in spoken and written English. In addition, the consultant will have experience in assisting government institutions in developing and implementing communications strategies and must have strong skills in communication, networking, and workshop facilitation to work effectively with all players at implementation level (governments, development partners, private sector, communities and other stakeholders).

Tasks

4. Working closely with the project management unit (PMU), the PMU safeguards management officer, the international and national environmental safeguards specialist under CS5: Feasibility and Detailed Engineering Design consultant team, and other relevant personnel and agencies, the international climate change and environment specialist will assist in all aspects of the implementation of the project environmental assessment and resettlement framework (EARF) and subproject initial environment examinations (IEEs).The consultant will:

(i) ensure that the steps of the EARF covering environmental screening and impact assessment are followed by PMU, PPIUs, and the CS5: Feasibility and Detailed Engineering Design consultants;

(ii) deliver training in (a) EARF procedures for screening, and assessing environmental impact (IEEs); and (ii) record-keeping and reporting;

(iii) ensure understanding and compliance with the Climate Risk Assessment and Management for the whole project including construction and operational (Post construction) periods;

50 Annex 5

(iv) assist the PMU to establish and publicize the grievance redress mechanism(GRM) for subprojects, ensuring that the GRM publicity is appropriate to the scale and complexity of the subproject and includes, as a minimum, the disclosure of all contact persons for lodging complaints;

(v) assist the PMU to prepare quarterly project monitoring progress reports for submission to ADB;

(vi) map out capacity needs of policymakers and other stakeholders in terms of (a) climate data needs; (b) vulnerability and impact assessments; (c) coordination; (d) subnational and gender mainstreaming of climate resilience at policy and operational levels; (e)knowledge management; and (f) appropriate monitoring and evaluation (M&E);

(vii) identify priority activities for strengthening the capacity of policy makers and relevant stakeholders;

(viii) advise on knowledge management on climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction, including unearthing existing and indigenous knowledge and putting together in usable form;and

(ix) prepare training materials, guidelines and sector manuals and conduct training programs and workshops for integrating: (a) adaptation into subnational planning and development; (b) gender considerations into adaptation investments; and (c) adaptation indicators into national, sectoral and project M&E systems.

Annex 6 51

TERMS OF REFERENCE

National Environment and Climate Change Specialist under the Project Implementation Consulting Team (CS1)

(50 person-months)

Background

1. The Climate-Friendly Agribusiness Value Chains Sector Project will invest in pro-poor, inclusive and climate resilient agricultural value chains in Cambodia. The project’s impact will be enhanced productivity, quality, value addition and rural household income in the project areas (Kampong Cham and Tboung Khmum provinces along the Southern and Kampot and Takeo provinces along the South-coastal transport corridor).

2. The outcome will be more efficient resource utilization and climate resilience for competitive and inclusive agribusiness value chains in Cambodia, through the provision of (i) improved critical production and post-harvest infrastructure; (ii) reducing energy costs by promoting renewable energy use; and (iii) offering targeted agribusiness policy and capacity support services.

Qualifications

3. The specialist should have: (i) an undergraduate degree or higher in environment, climate change, agriculture,

rural development or in a related discipline and at least 6 years of experience in implementing climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction (DRR) projects;

(ii) at least 10 years of experience in environmental management, monitoring, and/or impact assessment;

(iii) familiarity with ADB safeguards requirements and national environmental management procedures;

(iv) ability to communicate and work effectively with local communities, contractors, and government agencies;

(v) ability to analyze data and prepare technical reports; (vi) willingness and health to regularly visit the subproject sites; and (vii) proficiency in spoken and written English.

Tasks

4. Working closely with the project management unit (PMU), the PMU environmental management officer, the international and national environmental safeguards specialist under CS6: Feasibility and Detailed Engineering Design consultant team, and other relevant personnel and agencies, the consultant will assist in all aspects of the implementation of the project environmental assessment and resettlement framework (EARF) and subproject initial environment examinations (IEEs). The consultant will:

(i) Ensure that the steps of the EARF covering environmental screening and impact assessment are followed by PMUs and the CS6: Feasibility and Detailed Engineering Design consultants;

(ii) Deliver training in (a) EARF procedures for screening, and assessing environmental impact (IEEs); and (ii) record-keeping and reporting;

(iii) Assist the PMU to establish and publicize the GRM for subprojects investments, ensuring that the GRM publicity is appropriate to the scale and complexity of the

52 Annex 6

subproject and includes, as a minimum, the disclosure of all contact persons for lodging complaints;

(iv) Assist the PMU to prepare quarterly (during construction) and semi-annual project monitoring progress reports (otherwise) for submission to ADB;

(v) Conduct surveys, feasibility studies, and prepare proposals on adaptation; (vi) Document local knowledge and best practices in mainstreaming and

implementing climate change adaptation and DRR at the commune level; (vii) Assist in developing guidelines on integrating climate change adaptation into

commune development plans and investment programs; and (viii) Organize capacity building events for relevant stakeholders at the provincial,

district and commune levels.

Annex 7 53

TERMS OF REFERENCE

Water Quality Monitoring

Background

1. Due to its proximity to activities both within a project site as well as up-stream, the quality of surface and ground water can quite easily be contaminated or polluted such that it can threaten the ecology of associated aquatic life, be a threat to the health of livestock and humans, and be virtually useless for agricultural purposes for which it is equally important. It is therefore important to establish and maintain standards against which water quality can be monitored and maintained. Gathering baseline information regarding water quality is a pre-requisite for such an exercise. Qualification 2. It will be necessary to sub-contract water quality testing to a suitably dedicated company with appropriate laboratory facilities. The company needs to be able to demonstrate competence in assaying water and delivering comprehensive written reporting. It is the responsibility of the company to offer documented evidence of its qualifications. Tasks 3. The objective of the testing is to carry out an evaluation to identify, analyse and mitigate any potential adverse health risks and environmental impacts associated with the water system, and in particular to establish baseline information against which the site management during implementation of sub-projects can be monitored. While agricultural activity constitutes the major water use, it needs to be recognised that availability of clean and safe water is critical for livestock as well as some domestic use. 4. Sampling of water will take place for all subprojects where construction and implementation coincide with surface and groundwater bodies. Water sample testing needs to be completed at the commencement of site works, and tested again at midway point of any construction activity, and then at the completion of works. 5. Provide clear documentation of the protocols followed for water sample collection including position from which test was taken, time of day and date, methodology and protocols for collection. 6. Complete comprehensive assessment of surface water samples, specifically for the following: pH, SS, EC, NH4+, NO3-, PO4 3, DO, BOD5, COD, Oil & Grease, Coliforms (E. Coli).

CAMBODIA: Climate-Friendly Agribusiness Value Chains ... · Climate-Friendly Agribusiness Value...

Documents

Transcript of CAMBODIA: Climate-Friendly Agribusiness Value Chains ... · Climate-Friendly Agribusiness Value...