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Calor
Francisco Gurrola Ramos
CBTis 206
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Calor • Temperatura
• Dilatación
• Cantidad de Calor
• Calorímetro
• Leyes de los gases
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Calor
• Forma de energía asociada al movimiento de los átomos y moléculas
• Puede ser generado por reacciones químicas, nucleares, disipación electromagnética o por disipación mecánica.
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Ley Cero
• Transferencia de energía interna de un sistema a otro, con la condición de que estén a diferente temperatura.
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Efecto Joule
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http://www.yv5fih.org.ve/wx40.html
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Dilatación térmica
• Cambio de longitud, superficie o volumen de un cuerpo físico debido al cambio de temperatura que se provoca en él.
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COEFICIENTE DE DILATACIÓN LINEAL
Donde:α=coeficiente de dilatación lineal [1/C°] L0= Longitud inicial del cuerpo. Lf= Longitud final del cuerpo. T0= Temperatura inicial del cuerpo. Tf= Temperatura final del cuerpo.
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COEFICIENTE DE DILATACIÓN LINEAL
Material α ( ° C-1 )
Hormigón ~ 1,0 x 10-5
Hierro, acero 12 x 10-6
Plata 2,0 x 10-5
Oro 1,5 x 10-5
Invar 0,04 x 10-5
Plomo 3,0 x 10-5
Zinc 2,6 x 10-5
Aluminio 2,4 x 10-5
Latón 1.8 x 10-5
Cobre 1,7 x 10-5
Vidrio ~ 0,7 x 10-5
Cuarzo 0,04 x 10-5
Hielo 5,1 x 10-5
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Conducción
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CONDUCTIVIDAD TÉRMICA Material λ Material λ Material λ
Acero 47-58 Corcho 0,04-0,30 Mercurio 83,7
Agua 0,58 Estaño 64,0 Mica 0,35
Aire 0,02 Fibra de vidrio 0,03-0,07 Níquel 52,3
Alcohol 0,16 Glicerina 0,29 Oro 308,2
Alpaca 29,1 Hierro 1,7 Parafina 0,21
Aluminio 209,3 Ladrillo 0,80 Plata 406,1-418,7
Amianto 0,04 Ladrillo refractario 0,47-1,05 Plomo 35,0
Bronce 116-186 Latón 81-116 Vidrio 0,6-1,0
Cinc 106-140 Litio 301,2
Cobre 372,1-385,2 Madera 0,13 Mercurio
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Convención
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Radiación
• Propagación de energía en forma de ondas electromagnéticas o partículas subatómicas a través del vacío o de un medio material.
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Cantidad de Calor• Q = m c T
• M masa del cuerpo.• T cambio de
temperatura. • Donde c es el calor
especifico en cal/g ºC
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Calor Latente
sustancia Tf [°C] Lf [cal/g] Te [°C] Le [cal/g]
H20 0,00 79,71 100,00 539,60
O2 -219,00 3,30 -182,90 50,90
Hg -39,00 2,82 357,00 65,00
Cu 1083,00 42,00 2566,90
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Ley de Charles V/T = k
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LEY DE GAY LUSSAC P/T = K
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LEY DE GASES IDEALES
P V = n RT donde:• P = Presión• V = Volumen• n = cantidad de sustancia (número de moles)• R = Constante universal de los gases• T = Temperatura
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Refrigeración
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Calderas
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Links
• http://www.cneq.unam.mx/cursos_diplomados/diplomados/medio_superior/ens_3/portafolios/quimica/equipo3/leydeboyle.htm
• http://161.116.85.21/crista/castella/PDF-crista/dilatacio-termica_es.pdf
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Applet
• http://web.educastur.princast.es/ies/rosarioa/web/departamentos/fisica/teorias_fisicas/calor_y_temperatura.htm
• http://newton.cnice.mec.es/4eso/calor/calor-calentamiento22.htm
• http://www.sc.ehu.es/sbweb/fisica/Introduccion/indiceApplets/indice/indice_estadistica.htm
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