CALIFORNIA: A HISTORY- PART 3By: Twyla Gollery

LOS ANGELES AQUEDUCT: MUHALLAND

William Mulholland was the head of the L.A. department of water and power.

He built aqueducts and dams that allowed L.A. to continue to grow.

Mulholland built the Los Angeles Aqueduct, it took water from the Owens Valley and ran it 233 miles to L.A.

Mulhallands career was over when a dam he designed, the St. Francis Dam, collapsed and killed an estimated 450 were killed

Mulholland was able to give input on the Hoover Dam and the Colorado River Aqueducts

LOS ANGELES AQUEDUCT: OWENS VALLEY

The Owens Valley lies in between the Sierra Nevada, the White Mountains and the Inyo Mountains

Before the Los Angeles Aqueduct, farmers used the water from the Owens Lake to  grow crops and raise livestock

 Owens Valley locals fought the Los Angeles Aqueduct plans, but officials still proceeded to make plans and built it

Once the Los Angeles Aqueduct was being used, much of Owens Valley became dry, farmers were unable to provide enough water to their plants and livestock and lost their lively hoods

LOS ANGELES AQUEDUCT: THE AQUEDUCT

This project began in 1908 and had the budget of $24.5 million, 5,000 workers were involved in construction of the aqueduct

The Los Angeles Aqueduct was finished in 1913 and is still in use today

The aqueduct uses only gravity to let the water travel from point A to point B

 Because of the hostility between Owen Valley residents and the aqueduct, the residents sabotaged parts of the aqueduct in the early days of it's use

LOS ANGELES AQUEDUCT: ‘A DESERT TURNED INTO AN EDEN (L.A.)’

Originally Los Angeles is of a desert climate and not much can grow or thrive without assistance

After the Los Angeles Aqueduct was built, people in Los Angeles were able to grow and create large gardens

People did not conserve water and there was still a surplus of water

Investors who knew of the aqueduct before it was built bought property in the San Fernando Valley, they were able to use the surplus of water to water crops and livestock, making a good prophet

THE PIONEERS: THE FRENCH

The French began the idea of making a canal in Panama

‘The Great Frenchmen’ Ferdinand de Lesseps, who had designed the Suez Canal was put in charge

Ferdinand wanted to use the same method he had in Suez, building an all sea level canal

Panama’s heavy flow of rain, lack of technology, and mosquito related diseases caused the French to fail

As many as 22,000 workers were estimated to have died

THE BUILDERS: THE UNITED STATES

John Franks Stevens developed plans for a lock and dam system to move ships above sea level and through the canal

Stevens realized that before he could get construction under, this lead to the most costly sanitation clean up on record for his time

After John Stevens resigned George Goethals was put in charge of this project

Under his supervision the canal was completed in 1914 ahead of schedule

The AA Ancon was the ship to pass through the canal

THE DANGERS OF PANAMA

Panama has two season's, wet and dry each has it's dangers

For workers of the panama canal death was usually caused by malaria, yellow fever(both caused by mosquito bites), and the chance of getting caught in a land slide while working in the canal

Foot rot was also a danger from being constantly wet and heat exhaustion while working, for the bottom of the canal would reach 120 degrees in the midafternoons

THE AMAZING FEAT’S OF THE PANAMA CANAL

The Panama Canal is an engineering marvel

It is still in use today and can save a ship 8,000 miles of travel

A ship is raised through a level of locks that lift the ship up an amazing 80ft, the canal consists of three sets of locks

The canal also consists of artificial lakes and canals

Another channel is being built to allow even bigger cargo ships to pass though the canal

WORK CITED:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama_Canal http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Mulholland http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owens_Valley http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Aqueduct Cadillac Desert: 1. Mulholland's Dream A Man, A Plan, A Canal - Panama!