California Energy Commission and U.S. Department of...
67
California Energy Commission and U.S. Department of Energy Webinar: Combined Heat and Power for Wastewater Treatment Plants July 31, 2014
Transcript of California Energy Commission and U.S. Department of...
California Energy Commission and U.S. Department of Energy
Webinar: Combined Heat and Power for Wastewater Treatment Plants
July 31, 2014
Outline of Presentation CEC CHP Goals and Programs and
Incentives
Introduction to DOE CHP Technical
Assistance Partnerships services
CHP for WWTP
WWTP Anaerobic Digesters & CHP
Design Considerations
Biogas Revenue Streams
SCAQMD Rule 1110.2 Review and
Solutions: OCSD, EMWD, 1000 Oaks
Codigestion
Demand Response
Conclusion and next steps
Questions
2
Grant Mack
Gene Kogan Keith Davidson
Chuck Rogers Erik Jorgensen
Presenters
3
Combined Heat & Power in California’s Wastewater Treatment Plants
Grant MackCalifornia Energy Commission
[email protected](916) 654‐5166
July 31, 20144
California Energy CommissionEstablished in 1974 as the state’s energy policy and planning agency. Seven core responsibilities guide the Energy Commission as it sets California energy policy:
o Forecasting future energy needs;
o Promoting energy efficiency and conservation by setting the state's appliance and
building energy efficiency standards;
o Supporting energy research that advances energy science and technology through
research, development and demonstration projects;
o Developing renewable energy resources;
o Advancing alternative and renewable transportation fuels and technologies;
o Certifying thermal power plants 50 megawatts and larger;
o Planning for and directing state response to energy emergencies.5
Combined Heat & Power (CHP) California’s Policy Drivers
• The State Recognizes the Many Benefits of CHP– Fuel Efficiency– Reduced Greenhouse Gas Emissions– Avoided Losses from Transmission and Distribution – Increased Reliability for Critical Facilities– Grid support– Economic Benefits for Energy Intensive Industries
• State Policy Goals– Governor Edmund G. Brown’s Clean Energy Jobs Plan
• Additional 6,500 MW of new CHP capacity by 2030
– The California Air Resources Board’s Climate Change Scoping Plan • Sets a target of 4,000 MW of additional CHP capacity, and a reduction of 6.7 million metric tons of CO2
equivalent by 2020
– The California Public Utilities Commission’s Qualifying Facilities and CHP Program Settlement Agreement
• Mandates that California’s three largest electric investor‐owned utilities procure 3,000 MW of exported CHP capacity and achieve GHG reductions of 4.8 million metric tons of CO2 by 2020.
6
Programs & Opportunities for CHP in California’s Wastewater Treatment Plants
• Closure of San Onofre Nuclear Generation Station (SONGS)– Need for generation within Orange and San Diego County due to loss of roughly 2,150 MW of capacity from SONGS– Procurement opportunities available through Southern California Edison and San Diego Gas & Electric for
excess/exported generation from CHP (Standard Request for Offers, bilateral contracts etc.)
• Energy Research, Development & Demonstration– Energy Commission program that funds innovative CHP projects focused on reducing barriers and increasing market
penetration of these technologies (i.e. hybrid/fuel‐flexible systems, highly efficient, low emission, use renewable fuel etc.)
– More information about current and upcoming solicitations ‐ http://www.energy.ca.gov/research/
• AB 1613 – Waste Heat & Carbon Emissions Feed‐in Tariff– Standard contract and fixed price for excess/exported generation from CHP 20 MW and below
• SB 1122 – Bioenergy Feed‐in Tariff– Standard contract and fixed price for excess/exported generation from bionergy projects (includes CHP fueled by biogas)
3 MW and below– IOU’s must procure at least 250 MW of cumulative rated generating capacity from developers of bioenergy projects that
commence operation on or after June 1, 2013.– Of this 250 MW, 110 MW has been set aside for wastewater treatment plant bioenergy projects– CPUC decision is likely to be release sometime this Fall and then the IOU’s move forward with developing and
administering the program in their territories
• Self Generation Incentive Program– Up‐front and performance based Incentives for on‐site CHP generation up to 3 MW
7
WWTP CHP an Efficient, Economic and Energy Security Solution
U.S.DOE Pacific Combined Heat and Power Technical Assistance Partnership
(Pacific CHP TAP)
Gene Kogan (858) 633‐[email protected]
9
President’s Executive Order 13624:40GW of new CHP by 2020
CHP TAPs are critical components of achieving the goal:◦ Regional CHP experts◦ Provide fact‐based, un‐biased
information on CHP– Technologies
– Project Development
– Project Financing
– Local electric and natural gas interfaces
– State best practice policies
◦ Vendor, fuel, and technology neutral
http://eere.energy.gov/manufacturing/distributedenergy/chptaps.html
10
Who We Are: U.S. DOE Pacific CHP TAP
Previous DOE Pacific Clean Energy Applications Center (CEAC)
Regional Coverage for CA, NV, & HI
Pacific CHP TAP Team consists of:◦ Center for Sustainable Energy Team Lead (CSE)
◦ DE Solutions
◦ Energy and Environmental Economics (E3)
11
CHP Technical Assistance PartnershipsKey Activities
Market Opportunity Analysis.Supporting analyses of CHP market opportunities in diverse markets including industrial, federal, institutional, and commercial sectors
Education and Outreach. Providing information on the energy and non‐energy benefits and applications of CHP to state and local policy makers, regulators, end users, trade associations, and others.
Technical Assistance.Providing technical assistance to end‐users and stakeholders to help them consider CHP, waste heat to power, and/or district energy with CHP in their facility and to help them through the development process from initial CHP screening to installation.
http://eere.energy.gov/manufacturing/distributedenergy/chptaps.html
12
What Is Combined Heat and Power? Form of Distributed Generation
(DG)
An integrated system
Located at or near a building / facility
Provides at least a portion of the electrical load and
Uses thermal energy for:o Space Heating / Cooling
o Process Heating / Cooling
o Dehumidification
CHP provides efficient, clean, reliable, affordable
energy – today and for the future.
Source: http://www1.eere.energy.gov/manufacturing/distributedenergy/pdfs/chp_clean_energy_solution.pdf
14
What Are the Benefits of CHP? CHP is more efficient than separate generation of
electricity and heat
Higher efficiency translates to lower operating cost, (but requires capital investment)
Higher efficiency reduces emissions of all pollutants
CHP can also increase energy reliability and enhance power quality
On‐site electric generation reduces grid congestion and avoids distribution costs
15
Drivers for WWTF relating to CHP
Desire to reduce energy costs
Resiliency of Critical Infrastructure
Sustainability planning/emissions reduction
Enhanced Reliability
Facility Upgrades
Increase biogas production
Utility load shedding
Availability of incentives
Enhanced biosolidmanagement
“Green” publicity
Source: Oct 2011 EPA/CHP Partnership Report: Opp. For CHP at WWTF: Market Analysis and Lessons
16
U.S. – 167 facilities generating 565 MW CA – 62 facilities generating 233 MW
WWTP Existing CHP Installations (U.S. and CA)
Source: ICF CHP Installation Database, May 2013
28,000
102,100
6,4002,210
94,636
Gen Capacity – CA (kW)Combined Cycle
Turbine
Fuel Cell
Microturbine
ReciprocatingEngine
1
6
9
15
31
Prime Mover Type-CACombined Cycle
Turbine
Fuel Cell
Microturbine
ReciprocatingEngine
17
Overview of Energy Use in WWTF
Source: Opps for and Benefits of CHP at WWTF,April 2007 (EPA/CHP Partnership)
18
What Makes a Great WWTF Anaerobic Digestion CHP Project?
Maximizes revenue streams
Uses co‐digestion: It can flip the economics positive o Some co‐digestion feedstocks are amazing producers of biogaso Track the pH balance & dose in the feedstock
Has a proper design for the climate zone and technology choice matches solids content of the feedstock
Scrubs the biogas – major importance
Maximizes heat recovery
Strong O&M support
19
WWTF CHP Design Lessons Ensure all parts of the system are properly sized
o Don’t oversize the genset compared to the biogas supply – Biogas not thermal load or electric load governs sizing
Natural gas can supplement biogas
o Stabilizes gas flow to genset (eliminates flaring or storing biogas)
o Helps match genset size to critical load requirements
o Can support digester temperature requirements
Aggressively recover the waste heat
Consider pasteurization of biosolids
Biogas scrubbing is a high priority – Don’t scrimp
Consider the system design implications for co‐digestion
20
Biogas Treatment and Conditioning
This is a key biogas design feature for WWTF CHP systems for long‐term system life
Separate steps are needed to remove different pollutants with a proper order for removal◦ Hydrogen sulfide first – Oxidizes to
Sulfur Dioxide and can form into sulfuric acid with moisture & can disrupt siloxane removal
◦ Moisture removal by chilling – Recover the heat for system efficiency
◦ Siloxanes – Forms a glass‐like deposit with high heat combustion that can build up in CHP system
21
Environmental Considerations
Think through environmental aspects early and deeply
o Air Quality
o Water quality
o Biosolids management
o Co‐digestion impacts
Beyond waste – Recycling organic materials and avoiding landfilling
22
CHP Economics for WWTFs Anaerobic Digestion Economics – Maximize co‐products – 7 potential
revenue streamso Powero Green/renewable power adder (RECs)o Carbon credit due to “add‐on” subsystems that reduce GHGso Pasteurize biosolids for sales/field application – Moisture adds valueo Tipping fee for fat, oil and grease (FOG) & food processor wasteo Co‐digestion increases biogas productiono Waste heat for digester, buildings & small district energy systems
Add‐on systems add cost but also add revenue/reduce other costs Two opportunities to improve CHP economics:
o 10 % Federal Investment Tax Credit (ITC)o Self Generation Incentive Program (SGIP)
23
What is the Self-Generation Incentive Program (SGIP)?
SGIP provides cash incentives for the installation of clean and efficient distributed generation technologies that are installed on the customer's side of the utility meter.
o Ratepayer funded and overseen by the CPUC
SGIP is one of the longest running incentive programs in the country. SGIP has incentivized distributed generation technologies since 2001, and will continue through 2020.
o The primary goal of SGIP is to reduce statewide greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions
24
Who Can Participate in SGIP?
SGIP is available to retail electric and gas customers of the major investor‐owned utilities in California:o Pacific Gas and Electric (PG&E)
o Southern California Edison (SCE)
o Southern California Gas Company (SoCalGas)
o San Diego Gas & Electric (SDG&E)CSE administers the program within the SDG&E service territory
25
Eligible Technologies and Incentive Levels (2014)
Technology Type Incentive ($/W)
Renewable and Waste Energy Recovery
Wind Turbine $1.13
Waste Heat to Power $1.13
Pressure Reduction Turbine $1.13
Non‐Renewable Conventional CHP
Internal Combustion Engine ‐ CHP $0.46
Microturbine – CHP $0.46
Gas Turbine – CHP $0.46
Emerging Technologies
Advanced Energy Storage $1.62
Biogas $1.62
Fuel Cell ‐ CHP or Electric‐Only $1.83
The biogas incentive is an adder that maybe used in
conjunction with CHP and fuel cell technologies.
26
CHP Champion on site Interaction and Relationship with local Utility System design◦ Collaborate with DOE CHP TAPs◦ Experienced project developer preferred◦ Biogas scrubbing a key balance of plant (BOP) component
Operation and Maintenanceo Requires personnel or 3rd party with appropriate CHP O&M training
o Specific experience with biogas scrubbing issues and maintenance important
Parameters for Success
Source: Oct 2011 EPA/CHP Partnership Report: Opp. For CHP at WWTF: Market Analysis and Lessons
27
CA WWTP CHP Project Profiles Project Profiles available online:
◦ Chiquita Water Reclamation Plant
◦ Burlingame Wastewater Treatment Plant
◦ East Bay Municipal Utility District
Project Profiles currently under development◦ Hill Canyon Wastewater Treatment Plant
◦ Orange County Sanitation District
◦ Eastern Municipal Water District
Visit DOE CHP Deployment website for project profiles: http://www1.eere.energy.gov/manufacturing/distributedenergy/chp_projects.html
28
Conclusion & Next Steps Economic advantage – make your own power for on‐site use it
or sell it
A long‐term Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) can help
Quality design is essential
Use the biogas efficiently – Maximize heat recovery
Energy independence – Critical facility load requirements
Support local utility grid with demand response
The CHP TAP s help with next steps
o CHP Qualification Screenings (go/no go scan of potential)
o Technical assistance
29
SCAQMD Rule 1110.2 Compliance Solutions
Keith Davidson (858) 832‐1242kdavidson@de‐solutions.com
30
SCAQMD Rule 1110.2
Extreme non‐attainment for ozone SCAQMD is one of thirty‐five CA air districts –spans LA,
Orange, Riverside & San Bernardino Counties Home to 17 million Californians Must reduce NOx emissions by 65% over next 10 years Rule 1110.2 addresses stationary and portable engines over
50 hp
31
Rule 1110.2 – Digester Gas EnginesCurrent Concentration Limits (ppmvd)1
NOx VOC CO
hp ≥ 500: 36hp < 500: 45
250 2000
Concentration Limits (ppmvd)1 Effective January 1, 2016
NOx VOC CO
11 30 250
1. Parts per million corrected to 15% oxygen
55 biogas engines in the Basin
32
New CHP Compliance Solutions
Reliable and effective biogas conditioning will likely be a necessary element of the new portfolio of prospective solutions:◦ Lean burn engine with Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) and
Oxidation Catalyst
◦ Rich burn engine with 3‐way catalyst and premium Air‐fuel‐ratio controller
◦ Microturbine
◦ Fuel Cell
33
Orange County Sanitation District
OCSD Service Area◦ 207 Million gallons per day
◦ 2.5 million population
◦ 2 treatment plants
Thanks to Lisa Rothbart for OCSD’s biogas utilization story
34
Project Profile: OCSD Demonstration Engine Solution to 1110.2
3 identical IC engines 2500 kW each Lean burn Total nameplate capacity:
7.5 MW
5 identical IC engines 3000 kW each Lean burn 1 MW steam turbine Total nameplate capacity: 16 MW
Plant No. 1 – Fountain Valley Plant No. 2 – Huntington Beach
Both plants combined: 1.4 billion cubic feet of digester gas produced from anaerobic digestion in 2013
In operation since 1994 $25 Million project cost
$3.5 million per year savings 7.2 year payback w/o incentives
*Project Profile will be available next month at www.PacificCHPTAP.org
35
Project Profile: OCSD Demonstration Engine solution to 1110.2
Cooper‐Bessemer V‐12
2500 kW
Lean burn
Heat recovery steam generator
NOX and CO Continuous EmissionMonitoring System (CEMS), required on larger prime movers
36
Fuel Pre-treatment & Exhaust After-treatment Solution
Single carbon bed 9,900 lbs media capacity
Oxidation Catalyst
Urea Injection
SCR Catalyst
37
Emission Levels AchievedPollutant Before
Catalysts (ppmv)
With Catalysts (ppmv)One Year
With Catalysts (ppmv)
Three Years
Rule 1110.2 (ppmv)
NOx 31 7.2 8.3 11
CO 452 7.5 7.5 250
VOC 97 3.6 11.5 30
15‐minute averages. Validated data only. Excludes exceedances during engine start‐up (30 minutes) and due to operational issues/systems adjustments.
38
Full Implementation In Progress
• Construction contract awarded on April 23rd 2014• Notice to Proceed was issued in May 2014
CONTACT:Orange County Sanitation District Lisa Rothbart (714) 593-7405
39
EASTERN MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT
IC Engines under Rule 1110.2 at EMWD Reclamation Facilities
Erik Jorgensen, P.E.Senior EngineerJuly 31, 2014
www.emwd.org 40
EMWD Overview
www.emwd.org 41
• 542 square miles• Population of 768,000 / 45% Ultimate
Build-out• Water, Wastewater and Recycled
Water Services• 7 Cities plus Unincorporated
Riverside County• Operate Four Regional Water
Reclamation Facilities (RWRFs) treating 45-mgd.
EMWD’s Sustainable Energy Initiatives
www.emwd.org 42
Regional Water Reclamation Facilities (4 RWRFs)• History of internal combustion (IC) engine use (biogas and NG) – power aeration
air and pumping equipment, generate heat for solids digestion• Biogas-fired boilers – generate heat for solids digestions• Fuel cells (2 facilities totaling 1.5 mega-watt electricity + generate heat)• Solar Voltaic Power – generate electricity at each RWRF (5 mW planned)
District-wide• IC engines (NG-fired) – power pumping equipment (56 engines 14 MW)• Micro-turbines – generate electricity/heat for Admin Complex• Adsorption Chiller – provide conditioning for Admin Complex air• Solar Voltaic Power – generate electricity for Admin Complex (0.5 mW installed)
Challenge to EWMD IC Engines at RWRFs
www.emwd.org 43
• Goal - Identify method to achieve Rule 1110.2 compliance using biogas
MVRWRF and PVRWRF Fuel Cells consume biogas (no immediate impact) TVRWRF and SJVRWRF require solution – immediate impact
• District strategy is to evaluate multiple viable options
District trial using NoxTech (in-progress) District trial using Tecogen (planned) District not considering SCRs (cost vs. scale of installation)
Compliance with SCAQMD Rule 1110.2
www.emwd.org 44
CRITERIA FOR SUCCESS
• Digester Gas engine emission compliance by Jan 2016:o NOx ≤ 11ppmo CO ≤ 250ppm
• Emission control system must demonstrate endurance with consistent results.
• Economical to maintain and operate.
EGR HEAT EXCHANGER /BLOWER SYSTEM
SWIRLVANES
REACTORHEAT EXCHANGER REACTOR CORE
BURNEREND PLENUM
INLETPLENUM
STACK ENGINE EXHAUSTIN
START UPBURNER
ADD FUELINJECTORS
UREAINJECTORS
NoxTech Process
45
NG
Urea
Exhaust Gas
~1,000 Deg F
~1,280 Deg F
~1,480 Deg F
NoxTech Exhaust
~1,000 Deg F
Mixing of Engine Exhaust, Add Fuel, andUrea. Formation of Free Radicals
EconomizerPre-Heating of EngineExhaust & Heat RecoveryFrom Reactor Core
46
NoxTech at the Mills Pump Station
47
NoxTech EGR Modifications
Mills Pump Station (NG-focused trial)• Not plug-and-play as expected• Initial testing not successful• Extensive effort by EMWD staff to assist start-up• Ultimately showed compliance on natural gas engines
TVRWRF (biogas- focused trial)• Focus on biogas fired-engine exhaust• Installation recently completed – trial to begin in August
Technical Challenges and Compliance with NoxTech
www.emwd.org 48
NoxTech Schedule
www.emwd.org 49
Task Duration/Date
Complete TVRWRF Installation July 2014
Startup and commissioning August 2014
Complete Field Testing early 2015
District Experience with Tecogen on NG
www.emwd.org 50
CATALYST
HEAT EXCHANGER
CATALYST
INSTALLATION AT HEACOCK PETTIT BOOSTER PUMP STATION
Results: Reduced NOx and CO Emissions
www.emwd.org 51
0.0
50.0
100.0
150.0
200.0
250.0
300.0
350.0
400.0
450.0
500.0
CO @ 15% O2 (ppm)
NOx @ 15% O2 (ppm)
START OF TECOGEN
TRIAL
EMISSIONS AT HEACOCK PETTIT BOOSTER PUMP STATION
Tecogen Demonstration Project - Biogas
www.emwd.org 52
DG ConditioningDG Conditioning
Anaerobic DigestersAnaerobic Digesters
Digester Gas (DG)
Exhaust
EngineEngine
1st Stage Catalyst1st Stage Catalyst
Heat Exchanger
Heat Exchanger
Air
2nd Stage Catalyst
2nd Stage Catalyst
Emission Sampling
Exhaust to ATM
MVRWRF DG ENGINE PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM (TECOGEN/Digester Gas)
Heat Recovery Supply Water
Heat Recovery Return Water
Tecogen Pilot Schedule
www.emwd.org 53
Task Duration/Date
Issue Purchase Order (Tecogen) August 2014
Complete Modification of Digester Gas Pipes
September 2014
Install Tecogen Equipment and Modification of Exhaust Pipe
November 2014
Modification of Heat Water Secondary Loop
December 2014
Startup and commissioning January 2015
Complete Field Testing September 2015
Contact Information
EASTERN MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT
Erik Jorgensen, P.E.Senior Engineer951-928-3777 ext. [email protected]
www.emwd.org 54
Hill Canyon WWTPChuck Rogers
55
Hill Canyon WWTP Energy Program Focus on conservation, optimization, renewable energy generation,
Two Power Purchase Agreements: Solar & Cogeneration
100% of energy used at facility is provided by onsite generation
56
The Road to 100% Renewable Solar (15%) Cogeneration (50%) Enhanced digestion through acceptance of trucked waste = 35%+ or 100%+
FOG, Beer waste, yogurt waste, Frappacino, etc.
57
The Road to 100%Economics: HCTP receives a tipping fee for all wastes received
These wastes create more gas = more electricity
PPA puts all responsibility on owner to construct and operate facilities
Cost of electricity typically half of utility
58
If it was easy everyone would be doing it…. FOG is nasty stuff and it stinks and has variable BTU value
Labor costs to run the business can’t be ignored It’s a business…..
The Road to 100%
59
• Set 100% as a goal, conserve, optimize, and run your digesters and cogeneration system efficiently.
• Expect 50%+ renewable energy generation if you have anaerobic digesters
• Get to 100% through ongoing technology advancements and then consider… waste acceptance
The Road to 100%An alternative plan:
60
What Challenges Remain? HCTP creates 200,000 ft3 more gas than is necessary to meet 100% of energy load
Barriers to exporting electricity beyond what is needed to run facility
Is a private/public partnership opportunity available that will benefit both parties?
61
HCTP has become a national model for entrepreneurship and public/private partnership
Public loves this stuff, leaders are happy, staff is constantly challenged
HCTP is a strong advocate of PPA’s which allows staff to focus on their core competencies
62
Thank You! Taxpayers California Energy Commission Department of Energy City of Thousand Oaks Leadership team: City Council, City Manager, Public Works Director, & HCTP staff
Good luck with your energy program. We hope you do it better than us!!!
63
Contact InformationChuck Rogers
City of Thousand OaksHill Canyon Wastewater Treatment Plant
9600 Santa Rosa RoadCamarillo, CA 93012
(805) 491‐[email protected]
Good luck with your energy program. We hope you do it better than us!!!
64
Next Steps
Contact Pacific CHP TAP for assistance if:
1. Interested in having a Qualification Screening performed to determine if there is an opportunity for CHP at your site
2. If you already have an existing CHP plant and interested in expanding it
Contact Gene Kogan (858) 633‐8561 [email protected]
65
Screening and Preliminary
AnalysisFeasibility Analysis Investment Grade
Analysis
Procurement, Operations,
Maintenance, Commissioning
Uses available site information.
Estimate: savings,Installation costs, simple paybacks, equipment
sizing and type.
Quick screening questions with spreadsheet
payback calculator.
3rd Party review of Engineering Analysis.Review equipment sizing and choices.
Review specifications and
bids,Limited operational
analysis
CHP TAP Project Development Technical Assistance
66
Gene Kogan (858) 633‐[email protected]
Keith Davidson (858) 832‐1242kdavidson@de‐solutions.com
http://www1.eere.energy.gov/manufacturing/distributedenergy/chptaps.html
Thank You
Questions?
67
