CALIFA Demonstrator @ Krako · 2018-02-16 · CALIFA Requirements CALorimeter for the In Flight...
Transcript of CALIFA Demonstrator @ Krako · 2018-02-16 · CALIFA Requirements CALorimeter for the In Flight...
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CALIFA Demonstrator @ KrakowBenjamin Heiss
PSI Seminar
January 10th 2018
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R3B Reactions with radioactive beams
Benjamin Heiss CALIFA 2
knockout reactions
heavy residue + g T b
pfrag
pn β0.8
projectile pcore
Nucleus of interest Excited Fragment
A
A-1
Free Target Proton
Recoil q
Photon(s)
Bound Proton
q
p,n,d,t,...
Evaporation
0
1
2
Scattered Protons:
• opposite angles• opening angle 90°
quasi-free scattering
light + heavy ejectiles + g
Coulomb excitation
light + heavy ejectiles + g
Emax=25MeV for 1 GeV/u
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R3B @ FAIR
Benjamin Heiss CALIFA 3
Reactions with Radioactive Relativistic Beams
• One of the pillars of NUSTAR
• Investigation of exotic nuclei in inverse kinematics
• Kinematically complete measurements
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QFS challenges: γ rays
Benjamin Heiss CALIFA 4
p p
p
p
Heavy nucleus Z-1 nucleus
γ
θ1
θ2
high Doppler ( β = 0.82) shift of γ rays in inverse kinematics
measure emission angle for Doppler reconstruction
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CALIFA Requirements
CALorimeter for the In Flight detection of γ-rays and light charged pArticles
Benjamin Heiss CALIFA 5
Barrel:
• 1952 CsI(Tl) scintillation crystals (0,7 μs + 3,3 μs)
+ LAAPD readout
• Direct energy measurement of stopped protons
up to 280 MeV
iPhos Endcap:
• 512 CsI(Tl) scintillation crystals
• Protons no longer stoppable -> Energy reconstruction
CEPA:
• 96 LaBr3 (16 ns) + LaCl3 (28 ns) Phoswich detectors + PMT readout
• Highest Rates, largest Doppler shift, smallest Doppler broadening
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QFS challenges: LCP
Benjamin Heiss CALIFA 6
p p
p
p
Heavy nucleus Z-1 nucleus
γ
θ1
θ2
measurements of light charged particles(LCP)
• emission angle (excitation energy, momentum)
• total energy
Punch throughs possible, need energy reconstruction!
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CALIFA Requirements
CALorimeter for the In Flight detection of γ-rays and light charged pArticles
7CALIFABenjamin Heiss
One CALIFA Demonstrator Petal:
4 Rows of 16 crystals
8 petals for FAIR Phase 0
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QFS inverse kinematics
Benjamin Heiss CALIFA 8
• PSI Presentation by Sebastian Reichert this year
• 16O(p,2p)15N
• Data taken at RIKEN with 290 AMeV 16O beam on
PP target (inverse kinematics)
• 1 MeV resolution σ
• Complicated analysis with 1mrad tracking
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QFS inverse kinematics
Benjamin Heiss CALIFA 9
z axis: excitation energy resolution (MeV)
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QFS normal kinematics
Benjamin Heiss CALIFA 10
(p,2p) in normal kinematics
• Small Doppler shift of γ-rays
• Both protons define full kinematics
• Only stable isotopes for targets
p p
p
p
Heavy nucleus Z-1 nucleus
γ
θ1
θ2
Test experiment in Krakow
• Well known system
• Well separated γ ray
• Test demonstrator detection capabilities
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Target choice
Benjamin Heiss CALIFA 11
Goal: Measuring p,2p reaction in coincidence with excitation γ rays from residual nucleus
Chosen reaction :
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Target
Benjamin Heiss CALIFA 12
Targetframe
Measures for positioningTarget holding structure
Water target
500 µm cannula
Medical tubing from
pump
Tubing to pump
Collection vessel
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Target
Benjamin Heiss CALIFA 13
Targetframe
Measures for positioningTarget holding structure
Water target
500 µm cannula
Medical tubing from
pump
Tubing to pump
Collection vessel
0.46 mm Diameter
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Bronowice Cyclotron Center Krakow
Benjamin Heiss CALIFA 14
• Proteus C-235 Cyclotron
• E = 70 – 230 MeV monoenergetic proton beam, I= 1 – 500 nA , 200 MeV used in experiment
• Medical and scientific facility (2 medical and 1 scientific beamline)
• Cancer therapy with special rotating gantry
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Setup
Benjamin Heiss CALIFA 15
Petal 0Petal 1
Peta
l 2
Silicon detectorsTargetTop View
Petal 0 Petal 1
Petal 2
Silicon detectorsTarget
p Beam
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CALIFA Demonstrator Petal
• Detectors constructed at different locations:
• Darmstadt
• Santiago de Compostela, Spain
• Lund, Sweden
• 64 CsI(Tl) crystals in one petal (3 single and 1
double exist)
• Carbon fiber support structure
Systematic testing required
Benjamin Heiss CALIFA 16
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DSSSD and electronics
Benjamin Heiss CALIFA 17
Double sided silicon strip detector:
• Dimensions: 60 mm x 60 mm x 300 µm
• # Strips: 32 on front and back
• 1.8 mm strip width
Electronics:
Readout with FEBEX3 ,
FAB cards and MBS
First time with two crates
Total channels: 320
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Simulation QFS
Benjamin Heiss CALIFA 18
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Simulation QFS
Benjamin Heiss CALIFA 19
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Simulation elastic (p,p) scattering
Benjamin Heiss CALIFA 20
Opening angle: 87.2°
0.2°
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60Co γ calibration
Benjamin Heiss CALIFA 21
Co calibration source : 1173 keV and 1332 keV
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12C calibration
Benjamin Heiss CALIFA 22
C-12 irradiated with 70 MeV protons: 4439 keV (2+->0+) with SE and DE
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Plastic Target
Benjamin Heiss CALIFA 23
First beam measurements with polypropylene target 600 µm
Elastic (p,p) scattering
Background from air
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Vertex reconstruction
Benjamin Heiss CALIFA 24
Petal 1
Silicon detectorsTarget
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Opening angle cut
Benjamin Heiss CALIFA 25
Silicon detectors
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Proton sum energy resolution
Benjamin Heiss CALIFA 26
Full energy peak elastic scattering
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Calibration comparison
Benjamin Heiss CALIFA 27
Black dots: sim from crystal angles
Colored dots: energy from individual crystals
Still some room for improvement!
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No Target petal correlation
Benjamin Heiss CALIFA 28
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Vertex reconstruction
Benjamin Heiss CALIFA 29
Petal 1
Silicon detectorsTarget
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No Target after vertex rec.
Benjamin Heiss CALIFA 30
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No Target γ rays
Benjamin Heiss CALIFA 31
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No target opening angle
Benjamin Heiss CALIFA 32
SSD strips x 0
SS
D s
trip
s x
1
Silicon detectors
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Water Target petal correlation
Benjamin Heiss CALIFA 33
Elastic (p,p) scattering
16O scattering and air
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Water Target vertex cut
Benjamin Heiss CALIFA 34
Elastic (p,p) scattering
16O cleared up
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PID proton cut
Benjamin Heiss CALIFA 35
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Water target opening angle
Benjamin Heiss CALIFA 36
Ground State
Excited State
INVERTED!
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proton sum energy resolution
Benjamin Heiss CALIFA 37
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Excitation energy
Benjamin Heiss CALIFA 38
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Excitation energy
Benjamin Heiss CALIFA 39
No γ 1 γ
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Coincident γ ray spectrum
Benjamin Heiss CALIFA 40
6.3 MeV (3/2-)
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Coincident γ ray spectrum
Benjamin Heiss CALIFA 41
6.3 MeV (3/2-)
SE
absolute Efficiency ongoing!
gate on excited state
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Coincident γ ray spectrum
Benjamin Heiss CALIFA 42
6.3 MeV (3/2-)
gate on ground state
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Coincident γ ray spectrum
Benjamin Heiss CALIFA 43
6.3 MeV (3/2-)
gate on higher excited state
some feeding visible
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Summary and Outlook• (p,2p) in normal kinematics is ideal calibration experiment!
• Water jet target works fine, data can be clearly separated
from the background
• calibration good starting point for proton calibration
ongoing work!
• First results from the water target look promising,
1/2- and 3/2- states are clearly separated
• γ energy resolution under realistic circumstances (1,6 %)
extract crossection for 16O(p,2p)
• Phase 0:
more auto calibration for 2000 crystals
proton calibration fine tuning
Standard experiment for CALIFA commissioning
3x Krakow already planned!
Benjamin Heiss CALIFA 44
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Thank you!
CALIFA @ Technical University of Munich (TUM)
Roman Gernhäuser, Benjamin Heiss, Philipp Klenze, Patrick Remmels, Felix Stark, Max Winkel
Benjamin Heiss CALIFA 45
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Calibration Backup
Benjamin Heiss CALIFA 46
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CALIFA Structural Design
Barrel:
• 1952 CsI(Tl) scintillation crystals
(0,7 μs + 3,3 μs) + LAAPD readout
• Direct energy measurement of stopped
protons up to ~300 MeV
iPhos:
• 512 CsI(Tl) crystals + LAAPD readout
• Full energy reconstruction of punched
through protons by PID
CEPA:
• 96 LaBr3 (16 ns) + LaCl3 (28 ns)
Phoswich detectors + PMT readout
Benjamin Heiss CALIFA 47
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Calibration Spectra
Benjamin Heiss CALIFA 48
HPGe Petal 1 Petal 2
1173 keV 0.4 % (FWHM) 7.9 % (FWHM) 6.0 % (FWHM)
1332 keV 0.3 % (FWHM) 6.9 % (FWHM) 5.1 % (FWHM)
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Correlations 60Co
Benjamin Heiss CALIFA 49
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QFS Generator
Benjamin Heiss Quasi free scattering PNPI 50
Pro
ton
En
erg
y (
Me
V)
θ (deg) θ1 (deg)
θ2
(deg)
Angular distribution of protons
QFS Generator
500 MeV
QFS Generator
500 MeV
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High Level TriggerFast, detector-wide multiplicity, sum energy, geometry trigger generation
Benjamin Heiss CALIFA 51
4096 FEBEX channels
Master
XFAB
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γ rays
Benjamin Heiss CALIFA 52
Protons
Petal 1
Petal 2
HPGe
Target
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CALIFA Demonstrator
• Detectors constructed at different locations:
• Darmstadt
• Santiago de Compostela, Spain
• Lund, Sweden
• 64 CsI(Tl) crystals in one petal (3 single and 1
double exist)
• Carbon fiber support structure
Systematic testing required
Benjamin HeissCALIFA
53
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Detection of γ raysCALIFA@Lisbon (Campus Technologico e Nuclear CTN)
• 3 MV Tandem Accelerator
• Ion beams with high stability at low energies
Benjamin Heiss CALIFA 54
Test Site
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Setup
Benjamin Heiss CALIFA 55
Protons
Petal 1
Petal 2
HPGe
Target
γ
γCup
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Clustering
Benjamin Heiss CALIFA 56
• Energy reconstruction
• Point of first interaction
Clustering Algorithms
e-
e-
e-
e-
e+
γ
γ
γ
γ
γ
γ
γ
γ
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γ spectra Ep= 2.2 MeV
Benjamin Heiss CALIFA 57
Preliminary
Energy (keV)
Cou
nts
Preliminary
Energy (keV)
Cou
nts
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Correlations
Benjamin Heiss CALIFA 58
Preliminary
Petal 2 Energy (keV)
HP
Ge
En
erg
y (
keV
)
1779 keV
12011 keV
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Correlations 27Al(p,γ)28Si• 27Al(p,γ)28Si with Eex = (11.59 + 2.2) MeV = 13.79 MeV
Benjamin Heiss CALIFA 59
Preliminary
• Coincidence with 1779
keV in HPGe Detector
• Select 12 MeV γ here
• Look at pattern in petal
• Calibrate detector
• Select 12 MeV without
cuts
Energy (keV)
Co
un
ts
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Detection of charged particles
Benjamin Heiss CALIFA 60
(p,2p) in direct kinematics
• Small Doppler shift of γ-rays
• Only stable isotopes for targets
p p
p
p
Heavy nucleus Z-1 nucleus
γ
θ1
θ2
Test experiment in St. Petersburg
• Well known system like 12C
• Test with heavy nucleus
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Simplified Setup
Benjamin Heiss Quasi free scattering PNPI 61
• Possible with this setup?
• Signature w/o residual nucleus signal?
• Vacuum in target region?
• Optimum detector geometry?
• Which reaction?
CALIFA
θmax
θmin
Target(thin 240 mm)
θmin
θmax
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Possible Target 45Sc
Benjamin Heiss Quasi free scattering PNPI 62
Study reaction 45Sc(p,2p)44Ca
45Sc is one proton away from the proton
magic number 20
Enables to study shell structure of 44Ca for
different excited states (semi magic
configuration)
CALIFA
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Geant4 Simulation 500 MeV
Benjamin Heiss Quasi free scattering PNPI 63
Geant4
500 MeV protons
Charged Particles in 4 πen
erg
y (
Me
V)
θ (deg)
CALIFA
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Geant4 Simulation 500 MeV
Benjamin Heiss Quasi free scattering PNPI 64
Geant4
500 MeV protons
2p in 4 π
pro
ton
en
erg
y (
Me
V)
θ (deg)
CALIFA
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Geant4 Simulation 500 MeV
Benjamin Heiss Quasi free scattering PNPI 65
Geant4
500 MeV protons
2p in 4 π
θ2
(deg
)
θ1 (deg)
Angular distribution of protons
CALIFA
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P-P coincidences in Demonstrator
Benjamin Heiss Quasi free scattering PNPI 66
θmax
θmin
Target
Primary rate Target rate Demo rate Rate per ch. (p,2p) rate
106 Hz 24.7 kHz 5.66 kHz 22.1 Hz ~2.77 Hz
θmin
θmax
Minimal polar angle Demonstrator θmin
p,2
p e
vents
Maximum at 19.1°
CALIFA
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Geant4 Simulation 500 MeV
Benjamin Heiss Quasi free scattering PNPI 67
Geant4
500 MeV
2p + X
Demonstrator
pro
ton
en
erg
y (
Me
V)
θ (deg)
CALIFA
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Geant4 Simulation 500 MeV
Benjamin Heiss Quasi free scattering PNPI 68
Geant4
500 MeV
2p + X
Demonstrator
θ2
(deg
)
θ1 (deg)
Angular distribution of protons
CALIFA
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Summary (p,2p) experiment
Benjamin Heiss Quasi free scattering PNPI 69
θmax
θmin
Target(thin 240 mm)
θmin
θmax
pro
ton
en
erg
y (
Me
V)
θ (deg)
CALIFA
Separation of stopped and non stopped proton
Different detectors
Combination into one system
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Readout Overview
• Readout by Large Area Avalanche Photo
Diodes
• Analog preamplification
• Completely digital, real-time signal processing
• GOSIP/FEBEX system by GSI
• 1.6 Gbps optical fibre readout
Benjamin Heiss CALIFA 70
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Readout Front-End Board with Optical Link Extension
• Universal hardware platform for CALIFA
• 16x 14-bit, 50 MS/s fast sampling ADCs
• Lattice ECP3 150 FPGA
• 1.6 Gbps optical fibre readout
• 8x MLVDS trigger bus
• Extension slot for add-on boards
• PCIe for create assembly
• Continous sampling of input signal
• On-board real-time signal processing
Benjamin Heiss CALIFA 71
FEBEX Add-On Board
• Nyquist filtering
• Baseline offset
Courtesy of M. Winkel
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Readout Front-End Board with Optical Link Extension
• Universal hardware platform for CALIFA
• 16x 14-bit, 50 MS/s fast sampling ADCs
• Lattice ECP3 150 FPGA
• 1.6 Gbps optical fibre readout
• 8x MLVDS trigger bus
• Extension slot for add-on boards
• PCIe for create assembly
• Continous sampling of input signal
• On-board real-time signal processing
Benjamin Heiss CALIFA 72
FEBEX Add-On Board
• Nyquist filtering
• Baseline offsetFast component Nf (γMeV)S
low
com
ponen
t N
s(γ
MeV
)
Courtesy of M. Winkel
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CEPA CALIFA End-Cap Phoswich Array
Most forward region of CALIFA
• Highest rates
• High background
• Highest energies
Fast, high resolution phoswich array
Benjamin Heiss CALIFA 73
7cm LaBr3(Ce)
8cm LaCl3(Ce)
PMT: Hamamatsu R7600U-200
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CEPA Expected Signal
Benjamin Heiss CALIFA 74
LaBr𝟑 signal
LaCl𝟑 signal
effective signal
time in ns
voltage in a.u.
Add-on board:
1 GHz sampling frequency
FEBEX3B:
50 MHz sampling frequency
Courtesy of F. Stark
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Master Thesis Felix Stark
Add-on board:
• eight channels
• eight multiplexers (3 g)
• eight-channel DRS4 GHz chip
• eight integrators
CEPA Addon
Benjamin Heiss CALIFA 75
http://www.fair-center.eu
Courtesy of F. Stark