CALIBRATION AND PERFORMANCE OF THE HAMSR INSTRUMENT DURING THE NASA GRIP CAMPAIGN Boon Lim*, Shannon...
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Transcript of CALIBRATION AND PERFORMANCE OF THE HAMSR INSTRUMENT DURING THE NASA GRIP CAMPAIGN Boon Lim*, Shannon...
![Page 1: CALIBRATION AND PERFORMANCE OF THE HAMSR INSTRUMENT DURING THE NASA GRIP CAMPAIGN Boon Lim*, Shannon Brown, Richard Denning, Pekka Kangaslahti, Bjorn Lambrigtsen,](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051415/56649d195503460f949eee64/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
CALIBRATION AND PERFORMANCE OF THE HAMSR INSTRUMENT DURING
THE NASA GRIP CAMPAIGN
Boon Lim*, Shannon Brown, Richard Denning, Pekka Kangaslahti, Bjorn Lambrigtsen,
Jordan Tanabe, and Alan Tanner
Jet Propulsion Laboratory*Contact : [email protected]
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Outline• HAMSR Overview• Genesis and Rapid Intensification Processes (GRIP) Campaign• Data System• Thermal Environment• External target – Stability, Gradients, Reflection• Nominal Calibration (V0)• Receiver Temperature Calibration (V1)• Calibration Comparison (V0 vs V1)• HAMSR Performance• Summary
7/29/2011 IGARSS 2011 2
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HAMSR Overview• High Altitude MMIC Sounding Radiometer (HAMSR)• 3 Sounding Bands (55, 118 and 183 GHz)• 25 total channels• Oxygen and Water Vapor Bands for Profiling• Cross-Track Scanner with Ambient/Hot External
Calibration Targets• Product of ESTO (IIP, ACT and AITT)
– Entering 15th Year – Participated in 5 Campaigns– Integrated on 3 Aircraft
7/29/2011 IGARSS 2011 3
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GRIP Campaign• Genesis and Rapid Intensification Processes Campaign
– 5th Coordinated Hurricane Field Campaign Since 1998– NOAA, NSF and the AF
• From August to September 2010• DC-8 (9), Global Hawk (4) and WB-57 (2)
– Approximately 300 flight hours
• Hurricane Frank (Pacific), Tropical Storm Matthew (Atlantic), Hurricanes Earl and AL-92/Karl (Atlantic)– Global Hawk Stationed at Dryden– Over 120 Flight Hours for the Global Hawk– 20 Eye Overpasses Hurricane Karl (~13 Hours)– Typical flight duration 24 Hours
7/29/2011 IGARSS 2011 4
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GRIP Flights
7/29/2011 IGARSS 2011 5
Frank08/28/2010
Earl09/02/2010
Matthew09/23/2010
AL9209/12/2010
Karl09/16/2010
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HAMSR Imagery During GRIPHAMSR Imagery During GRIP
Hurricane Earl 2010
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Hurricane Matthew Platform Report – Scott Braun
7/29/2011 IGARSS 2011 7
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HAMSR GRIP Ground Data SystemHAMSR GRIP Ground Data System
GHOC
HAMSR ground data processor
netC
DF
L1B
file
sJP
L Hur
rican
e Por
tal
HAMSR website
quick look images
RTMM
Commanding
Data downlink
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HAMSR software upgraded after GRIP to provide real-time imagery over Iridium
Successfully tested during 2011 WISPAR campaign
Past 30 minutes
Past 60 minutes
Full Dataset
Select HAMSR channel – TB imagery-Full data set, past 30 minutes or past 60 minutes
HAMSR RTMM Display for GRIP
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Thermal Environment• HAMSR Sits in an Unpressurized Pod• RF Section is Thermally Insulated with Styrofoam• Temperature Controlled Heaters on the RF Plates
– Thermistors Available Across the Instrument– RF Components (RF/IF LNAs, Mixers), RF Plate Temperatures, Motor,
Power Supply, Digital System, Computer, Etc
• Fans for Circulation of Air– On Runway if Temperatures Exceed a Threshold
• At Flight Altitude (~17 km)– Temperature Typically -150C
7/29/2011 IGARSS 2011 10
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WISPAR 2011- Thermal Environment
7/29/2011 IGARSS 2011 11
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External Target - Stability• Thermistors Embedded in Targets• Ambient Target Drifts Freely
– Rate of Change 6-7oC/Hour
• Hot Target Held at ~68oC– Oscillation at 120 Second Period, 0.01K<
7/29/2011 IGARSS 2011 12
18:00 00:00 06:00 12:00-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
Time
Te
mp
. 0C
Ambient Target Temperatures
55 Amb
183 Amb
18:00 00:00 06:00 12:0067.6
67.8
68
68.2
68.4
68.6
Time
Te
mp
. 0C
Heated Target Temperatures
55 Hot
183 Hot
06:05 06:10 06:15
67.604
67.605
67.606
67.607
67.608
67.609
67.61
67.611
67.612
Time
Te
mp
. 0C
Heated Target Temperatures
183 Hot
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External Target - Gradients• Gradients Across the Target Pixels
– Typically Monotonic– Magnitude Under 0.3K– Easily Mitigated with Averaging
7/29/2011 IGARSS 2011 13
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
339.5
340
340.5
341
341.5
342
Pixel Number
Tem
per
atu
re [
K]
Temperature Variation Across Calibration Target, Channel 20
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
339.5
340
340.5
341
341.5
342
Pixel Number
Tem
per
atu
re [
K]
Temperature Variation Across Calibration Target, Channel 13
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External Target - Reflections• Standing Waves Setup in the Middle of the Target
– Despite Low Return Loss Material (~35 dB)– Only in Several Frequencies– Remove Central Pixels
7/29/2011 IGARSS 2011 14
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
340
340.5
341
341.5
342
342.5
Pixel Number
Tem
per
atu
re [
K]
Temperature Variation Across Calibration Target, Channel 2
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
340
340.5
341
341.5
342
342.5
Pixel Number
Tem
per
atu
re [
K]
Temperature Variation Across Calibration Target, Channel 7
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Initial Processing• Moving Average of the Hot and Ambient Counts
– Period of the Heating Oscillation (~110 Seconds)
• Time ‘Shift’ in Ambient Counts– Account for linear time drifts
• Calculate Per-Scan Gain– Gain = (CHot – CAmb)/(THot – TAmb) [C/K]
• Flag Unusable Pixels (-2)– Insufficient Separation of the Hot and Ambient Targets– Differential Temperatures on Targets, 5xNEDT– Differential Gain, Threshold (empirical)
7/29/2011 IGARSS 2011 15
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Nominal Processing• Moving Average of Gain• Calculate Antenna
Temperature– TA = (Ct – CAmb)/Gain + TAmb
• Standard Calibration Stratagy
• Gain Drifts/Jumps Distributed in the Averaging
• Incorrectly Processes ‘Good’ Data
7/29/2011 IGARSS 2011 16
500 1000 1500 2000
21.5
22
22.5
23
23.5
Scan Number (#)
Gai
n [
C/K
]
Smoothed Gain Per Scan, Channel 25, htbV0
500 1000 1500 2000
310
320
330
340
Scan Number (#)
Tem
per
atu
re [
K]
Tb, Unusable Points Removed, Channel 25, htbV0
500 1000 1500 2000
310
320
330
340
Scan Number (#)
Tem
per
atu
re [
K]
Tb, NEDT Points Removed, Channel 25, htbV0
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Receiver Temperature Calibration• Calculate Receiver Temperature
– TRx = CAmb/Gain - TAmb
• Smooth Receiver Temperature• Calculate Gain (from Hot Target)
– GHot = CHot/(TRx+CHot)
• Calculate Gain (from Ambient Target)– GAmb = CAmb/(TRx+CAmb)
• Average Gain– Gain = (GHot+GAmb)/2
• Calculate Ta– TA = (Ct – CAmb)/Gain + TAmb
7/29/2011 IGARSS 2011 17
500 1000 1500 2000
21.5
22
22.5
23
23.5
Scan Number (#)
Gai
n [
C/K
]
Smoothed Gain Per Scan, Channel 25, htbV1
500 1000 1500 2000
310
320
330
340
Scan Number (#)
Tem
per
atu
re [
K]
Tb, Unusable Points Removed, Channel 25, htbV1
500 1000 1500 2000
310
320
330
340
Scan Number (#)
Tem
per
atu
re [
K]
Tb, NEDT Points Removed, Channel 25, htbV1
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Comparison – Gain Smoothing
7/29/2011 IGARSS 2011 18
500 1000 1500 2000
21.5
22
22.5
23
23.5
Scan Number (#)
Gai
n [
C/K
]
Smoothed Gain Per Scan, Channel 25, htbV0
500 1000 1500 2000
310
320
330
340
Scan Number (#)
Tem
per
atu
re [
K]
Tb, Unusable Points Removed, Channel 25, htbV0
500 1000 1500 2000
310
320
330
340
Scan Number (#)
Tem
per
atu
re [
K]
Tb, NEDT Points Removed, Channel 25, htbV0
500 1000 1500 2000
21.5
22
22.5
23
23.5
Scan Number (#)
Gai
n [
C/K
]
Smoothed Gain Per Scan, Channel 25, htbV1
500 1000 1500 2000
310
320
330
340
Scan Number (#)
Tem
per
atu
re [
K]
Tb, Unusable Points Removed, Channel 25, htbV1
500 1000 1500 2000
310
320
330
340
Scan Number (#)
Tem
per
atu
re [
K]
Tb, NEDT Points Removed, Channel 25, htbV1
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Comparison – Spikes
7/29/2011 IGARSS 2011 19
2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000
50
52
54
56
58
Scan Number (#)
Gai
n [
C/K
]
Smoothed Gain Per Scan, Channel 4, htbV0
2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000
310
320
330
340
350
360
370
Scan Number (#)
Tem
per
atu
re [
K]
Tb, Unusable Points Removed, Channel 4, htbV0
2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000
310
320
330
340
Scan Number (#)
Tem
per
atu
re [
K]
Tb, NEDT Points Removed, Channel 4, htbV0
2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000
50
52
54
56
58
Scan Number (#)
Gai
n [
C/K
]
Smoothed Gain Per Scan, Channel 4, htbV1
2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000
310
320
330
340
Scan Number (#)
Tem
per
atu
re [
K]
Tb, Unusable Points Removed, Channel 4, htbV1
2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000
310
320
330
340
Scan Number (#)
Tem
per
atu
re [
K]
Tb, NEDT Points Removed, Channel 4, htbV1
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Comparison – Robustness
7/29/2011 IGARSS 2011 20
2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
50
52
54
56
58
60
62
Scan Number (#)
Gai
n [
C/K
]
Smoothed Gain Per Scan, Channel 18, htbV0
2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000300
320
340
360
380
Scan Number (#)
Tem
per
atu
re [
K]
Tb, Unusable Points Removed, Channel 18, htbV0
2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
330
335
340
345
350
Scan Number (#)
Tem
per
atu
re [
K]
Tb, NEDT Points Removed, Channel 18, htbV0
2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
50
52
54
56
58
60
62
Scan Number (#)
Gai
n [
C/K
]
Smoothed Gain Per Scan, Channel 18, htbV1
2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
338
340
342
344
Scan Number (#)
Tem
per
atu
re [
K]
Tb, Unusable Points Removed, Channel 18, htbV1
2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
Scan Number (#)
Tem
per
atu
re [
K]
Tb, NEDT Points Removed, Channel 18, htbV1
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Flag Marginal Pixels• Pixels that Exhibit Larger than Expected Noise
– Temperature is Over 3.5x NEDT– Empirical Value for Each Channel– For End-Product Users
7/29/2011 IGARSS 2011 21
0 5 10 15 20 250
2
4
6
8
10
12
Channel Number [#]
Pix
els
Fla
gg
ed [
%]
Flagging Algorithms Check, htbV0
NEDT Flag
Unusable Flag
0 5 10 15 20 250
2
4
6
8
10
12
Channel Number [#]
Pix
els
Fla
gg
ed [
%]
Flagging Algorithms Check, htbV1
NEDT Flag
Unusable Flag
500 1000 1500 2000
21.5
22
22.5
23
23.5
Scan Number (#)
Gai
n [
C/K
]
Smoothed Gain Per Scan, Channel 25, htbV1
500 1000 1500 2000
310
320
330
340
Scan Number (#)
Tem
per
atu
re [
K]
Tb, Unusable Points Removed, Channel 25, htbV1
500 1000 1500 2000
310
320
330
340
Scan Number (#)
Tem
per
atu
re [
K]
Tb, NEDT Points Removed, Channel 25, htbV1
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Marginal Pixels
7/29/2011 IGARSS 2011 22
2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
50
52
54
56
58
60
62
Scan Number (#)
Gai
n [
C/K
]
Smoothed Gain Per Scan, Channel 18, htbV1
2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
338
340
342
344
Scan Number (#)
Tem
per
atu
re [
K]
Tb, Unusable Points Removed, Channel 18, htbV1
2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
Scan Number (#)
Tem
per
atu
re [
K]
Tb, NEDT Points Removed, Channel 18, htbV1
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Flag Marginal Pixels Second Check• Receiver Temperature Calibration• Close to the Theoretical Values for Noise
7/29/2011 IGARSS 2011 23
0 5 10 15 20 250
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Channel Number [#]
Pix
els
Fla
gg
ed [
%]
Flagging Algorithms Check, htbV1
NEDT Flag
Unusable Flag
0 5 10 15 20 250
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Channel Number [#]
Pix
els
Fla
gg
ed [
%]
Flagging Algorithms Check, htbV0
NEDT Flag
Unusable Flag
2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
39
40
41
42
Scan Number (#)
Gai
n [
C/K
]
Smoothed Gain Per Scan, Channel 8, htbV1
2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
339
340
341
342
343
344
Scan Number (#)
Tem
per
atu
re [
K]
Tb, Unusable Points Removed, Channel 8, htbV1
2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
339
340
341
342
343
344
Scan Number (#)
Tem
per
atu
re [
K]
Tb, NEDT Points Removed, Channel 8, htbV1
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Instrument Performance• As Derived from the Data
– Hurricane Karl
• 55 GHz Performs the Poorest– Legacy Hardware– Upgrade in Progress (~4dB)
• 118 GHz and 183 GHz Upgraded During AITT
• Performance is as Expected from the Receiver Temperatures
• 99.9% Up-Time– 1 Channel Dropped Out for 3
Hours
7/29/2011 IGARSS 2011 24
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Summary• External Targets Well Characterized• HAMSR Successfully Participated in GRIP Campaign
– Data System Utilized High Bandwidth Link (‘Real-Time’)– Utility was Immediate in Directing the GH Flight Path
• Calibration Methodology Relies on Stability of Receivers– Front End LNAs vs Entire Gain Chain
• HAMSR Receivers as a System Perform to Measured Receiver Temperatures
• WISPAR Campaign Had Coincident Dropsondes– Absolute Calibration Comparison Pending
• Instrument calibration and characterization (Brown et al., TGRS, in press)
7/29/2011 IGARSS 2011 25
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Backup Slides• HAMSR Timeline• HAMSR Block Diagram• External Target Construction• Pre-Flight Evaluation• Allan Variance LN2 Stare• GRIP – Agency Coordination• Danielle, Earl and Fiona
7/29/2011 IGARSS 2011 26
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HAMSR Timeline
7/29/2011 IGARSS 2010=1 27
HS3
Grip (GH)
NASA AITT
NAMMA (DC-8)
TCSP (ER-2)
CAMEX-4 (ER-2)
NASA IIP
IMAS
1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
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HAMSR Block Diagram
7/29/2011 IGARSS 2011 28
ScanningMotor
Encoder
Cal. Targets
Cal. Targets
DichroicPlate
183 GHzRadiometer7 Channels
118 GHzRadiometer10 Channels
55 GHzRadiometer8 Channels
Digitizers16-Bit
Digitizers16-Bit
FPGAFreeForm Digital IO
Spartan 3E
SPI Bus
CPUAMPRO
Readyboard 620
8-bit ISA
Thermistors40 Channels
16-Bit
RS486-RS232Converter
NAV420CAGPS and Telemetry
HAMSR
Ethernet
Mylar Apertures
Operator ComputerSystem ConfigurationData Processing
Global Hawk HAMSR Data DownlinkAircraft GPS and Telemetry
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External Target - Construction• Pyramidal Blackbody Calibration Targets
– Ambient and ~680C
• Commercial Product with -50dB Return Loss Spec– Heavy Aluminium Coated with a Ferrite Loaded Epoxy Absorbing
Material– 16x12 cm Area, 4 cm Long Pyramids, 1 cm Apart at Tips
• 4 Thermistors Embedded in Targets at the Tips• Insulated in Styrofoam
– ~35dB Return Loss
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Pre-Flight Evaluation – Scan Bias
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• Within the field of view, minimal bias in the various channels
• 50 GHz channels: – Bias < 0.5 K for -45o < θ < 45o
• 118/183 GHz channels: – Bias < 0.25 K for -45o < θ < 45o
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Allan Variance LN2 Stare
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GRIP – Agency Coordination
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Danielle, Earl and Fiona
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