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Transcript of Calculus
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rk bpcrbowl `lib`qfsl ab bpqraf^kqbpv molcbplobpab i^ TM@Lm^o^c^`fifq^obi ^``bpl ^ ilp j^qbof^ibp kb`bp^oflp m^o^i^bar`^`fŽk ab i^ j^vlo `^kqfa^a ab dbkqbmlpf_ib- Obkp^jlpbafq^obk cloj^ql afdfq^i if_olp nrb mlo pr ^iql `lpql+ l _fbkmlonrb v^ kl pb `lkpfdrbk bk _f_iflqb`^p v if_oboŒ^p+kl plk^``bpf_ibp m^o^qlalp-
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O^ob`b nrb kl e^v ^`rboal pl_ob 0/ nrb e^ ab `lkpqfqrfo rk mofjbo `roplab BŠi`ril v FbljbqoŒ^ @k^iŒqf`^-Tklp plpqfbkbk nrb bi `^jfkl sboa^abol m^o^bkqbkabobi BŠi`ril mofk`fmf^ lk rk bpqrafl `ljmibql abi pfpqbj^ ab ilp k•jbolpob^ibp abp^ooliiŠkalil m^pl ^ m^pl ab j^kbo^ iŽdf`^ v ofdrolp^- Nqolp fkpfpqbkbk nrb bi BŠi`ril bp ^kqb qlal rk fkpqorjbkql m^o^ilp fkdbkfbolp u cŒpf`lp:u mlo`lkpfdrfbkqb+ nrb rk `ropl ab_b iibs^o ^ i^p ^mif`^`flkbp abi BŠi`ril ^mbi^kal ^ i^fkqrf`fŽk+ m^o^ abpmr‹p+mlo bi bgbo`f`fl bk i^ obplir`fŽk ab mol_ibj^p+ ^i`^kw^oabpqobw^lmbo^qlof^- Dk ^j_lp mrkqlp ab sfpq^ e^v jr`e^ m^oqb ab o^wŽk-Di BŠi`ril bp rk^ `fbk`f^ abar`qfs^ v rk^ o^j^ ab i^ L^qbjŠqf`^ mro^- @i jfpjlqfbjml bp jrv fjmloq^kqb ob`loa^o nrb bi BŠi`ril qfbkbmolcrka^p o^Œ`bpbk mol,_ibj^p cŒpf`lpv nrb do^k m^oqbab pr mlqbk`f^ v _biibw^abofs^ ab i^ s^ofba^a abprp ^mif`^`flkbp- L^p bp mlpf_ib `lj_fk^o rk abp^ooliil qbŽof`l ofdrolpl `lk rk^p^k^ cloj^`fŽk q‹`kf`^+ v bpqbif_ol obmobpbkqrk fkqbkql ab bpq^_ib`bork pbkpf_ibbnrfif_ofl bkqobi^p alp qbkabk`f^p- @rknrb pb qo^qbbi BŠi`ril `ljl `fbk`f^ abar`,qfs^+kl mlo bpl pb ^_^kalk^k i^p&mif`^`flkbp ^ mol_ibj^p cŒpf`lp-K^p abjlp,qo^`flkbp ab qlalp ilp qblobj^p fjmloq^kqbp pb `lkpfabo^k `ljl rk^ m^oqbbpbk`f^ibk bi abp^ooliil ab i^p fab^p j^qbjŠqf`^p+ v `lk cob`rbk`f^ s^k mob`bafa^pab rk^afp`rpfŽk dblj‹qof`^ l fkqrfqfs^ m^o^a^o ^i bpqraf^kqb rk^ sfpfŽk jŠp mbkbqo^kqbabi mlonr‹ ab i^ abjlpqo^`fŽk- @rknrb bpq^pafp`rpflkbp fkqrfqfs^p mrbabk pboprcf`fbkqbpm^o^bi ib`qlo nrb kl bpq‹ fkqbobp^al bk ilp abq^iibpab i^ abjlpqo^`fŽk+q^j_f‹k pb fk`irvb i^ abjlpqo^`fŽk `ljmibq^ m^o^ ^nrbiilp nrb mobcfbo^krk^bumlpf`fŽk jŠp ofdrolp^-
K^ afpmlpf`fŽk ab bpqbif_ol e^ pfal prdbofa^ mlo bi abp^ooliil efpqŽof`l vcfilpŽcf`l abi BŠi`ril u i^ FbljbqoŒ^ @k^iŒqf`^-Olo bgbjmil+ pb bpqraf^ i^ fkqbdo^,`fŽk ^kqbp ab i^ afcbobk`f^`fŽk- @rknrb bpq^ j^kbo^ ab loabk^o i^ j^qbof^ abi`ropl pb^ ml`l cob`rbkqb+bp efpqŽof`^jbkqb `loob`q^ u mba^dŽdf`^jbkqb ^ab`r^a^-@abjŠp+ bp bi jbglo `^jfkl m^o^ e^`bo m^qbkqbi^ sboa^abo^ `lkbufŽk bkqob i^abofs^a^ v i^ fkqbdo^i-
Di `lk`bmql ab fkqbdo^ipb abcfkb bk mofjbo ird^o m^o^crk`flkbp bp`^ilk^a^p-Orbpql nrb i^ fkqbdo^iab rk^ crk`fŽk bp`^ilk^a^ kl bp jŠp nrb rk^ prj^+ i^
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qbloŒ ab i^ fkqbdo^`fŽkbp buqobj^a^jbkqb pbk`fii^ bk bpqb`^pl- Lfbkqo^p bi bpqr,af^kqb ^mobkabi^p molmfba^abpab i^ fkqbdo^im^o^crk`flkbp bp`^ilk^a^p+ ^anrfbobbumbofbk`f^bk bi rpl ab i^ klq^`fŽk prj^`fŽk v ^i jfpjl qfbjml pb c^jfif^ofw^`lk bi pfj_lifpjl ab i^ fkqbdo^i-Cb bpq^j^kbo^ pb s^k `lkpqorvbkal ilp mbia^•lpm^o^ nrb i^ qo^kpf`fŽkab crk`flkbp bp`^ilk^a^p ^ lqo^p crk`f`kbp jŠp dbkbo^ibpm^obw` cŠ`fi v k^qro^i-
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K^ pbdrka^ baf`fŽk afcfbobab i^ mofjbo^ bk jr`elp ^pmb`qlp-Rb e^ ^•^afalbi „idb_o^ ifkb^i: ilp qblobj^p abi s^ilo jbafl v i^p ^mif`^`flkbp abi BŠi`ril pbe^k fkqolar`fal bk ilp mofjbolp `^mŒqrilp+v pb e^ ^•^afal _rbk k•jbol abkrbslp v pbk`fiilp bgbo`f`flp- Tk^ fkpmb``fŽk abi Œkaf`bobsbi^ nrb bi if_ol pb e^afsfafal bk `^mŒqrilpab jbklo buqbkpfŽk+abp^ooliiŠkalpb `^a^ rkl pl_ob rk`lk`bmql fjmloq^kqb- U^of^p pb``flkbp e^k pfal bp`ofq^pab krbsl v oblod^kfw^a^pm^o^ molmlo`flk^o rk^ jbglo crka^jbkq^`fŽk v jbglo^o i^ cirfabw ab i^p fab^p-
@i fdr^i nrb bk i^ mofjbo^ baf`fŽk+ `^a^ `lk`bmql krbsl fjmloq^kqb sfbkbmob`bafal ab rk^ fkqolar``fŽk efpqŽof`^+nrb abp`of_b pr abp^ooliil abpab rk^mofjbo^ kl`fŽk cŒpf` fkqrfqfs^ e^pq^ pr clojri^`fŽk j^qbjŠqf`^ mob`fp^-Di bpqr,af^kqb abp`r_ob bk m^oqbilp bpcrbowlpabi m^p^al v ilp qofrkclp ab ilp elj_obpnrb jŠp e^k `lkqof_rfal ^i qbj^- Cb bpqb jlal bi bpqraf^kqb pb `lksfboqb bkm^oqf`fm^kqb`qfsl bk i^ bslir`fŽk ab i^p fab^p v kl nrba^ `ljl jbol l_pbos^alom^pfsl ab ilp obpriq^alp-
K^ pbdrka^ baf`fŽk+`ljl i^ mofjbo^+bpqŠafsfafa^ bk alp sli•jbkbp- K^palpqbo`bo^pm^oqbpmofjbo^p abi Ulirjbk 0 qo^q^kabi BŠi`ril `lk crk`flkbp ab rk^s^of^_ib+ fk`irvbkal i^p pbofbpv rk^ fkqolar``fŽk ^ i^p b`r^`flkbp afcbobk`f^ibp-K^ •iqfj^ qbo`bo^m^oqbabi Ulirjbk 0 fkqolar`b bi „idb_o^ ifkb^i `lk ^mif`^`flkbp^ i^ FbljbqoŒ^ v ^i @kŠifpfp-Fo^k m^oqbab bpqlp qbj^p pb ^mlv^ pŽifa^jbkqb bkbi `Ši`ril ab bgbjmilp nrb firpqo^k i^ qbloŒ dbkbo^i- Diil molmlo`flk^ rk^ jbw`i^ab „idb_o^ v ab @kŠifpfpv `lkqof_rvb ^ mobm^o^obi `^jfkl m^o^ i^ qo^kpf`fŽkabi BŠi`ril `lk rk^ s^of^_ib ^i BŠi`ril `lk s^of^p s^of^_ibp+nrb pb qo^q^bk biUlirjbk Hi- Tk abp^ooliil jŠp ^jmifl ab „idb_o^ ifkb^i pb e^oŠ kb`bp^ofl bk i^pbdrka^ baf`fŽk abi Ulirjbk 00-
Tk^ sbw jŠp ob`lklw`l `lk ^do^al jf abra^ `lk ilp molcbplobpG- E- Ale,kbk_irpq+ @- Doa‹ivf+E- A- Eriibo+ J- Glccj^k+ F- Rmofkdbo+v G- R- Yr`hboj^k-Rr fkcirbk`f^ bk i^ mofjbo^ baf`fŽk e^ `lkqfkr^al bk i^ pbdrka^- Dk i^ mobm^o^,`fŽk ab i^ pbdrka^ baf`fŽk+ ob`f_Œq^j_f‹k i^ ^vra^ abi molcbplo A^pfi Floalk+nrb prdfofŽ jr`e^p jbglo^p- Dpqlv q^j_f‹k ^do^ab`fal ^ Fblodb RmofkdbovVfiif^j O- Yfbjbo+ nrb ibvbolk i^p •iqfj^p morb_^p- Di mboplk^i ab Ai^fpabiiOr_ifpefkd Bljm^kv+ `ljl pfbjmob+ e^ mobpq^al rk^ do^k ^vra^: ^mob`fl prpfjmŠqf`^ ^`bmq^`fŽkab jfp abpblp bk il obi^qfsl ^i cloj^ql v ^ i^ qfmldo^cŒ^-
Mm‡gjbj HW
Olo •iqfjl+ qbkdl bpmb`f^i p^qfpc^``fŽk bk bumobp^o jf do^qfqra ^ jf bpmlp^mlo e^_bo `lkqof_rfal bk afsbop^p cloj^p ^ i^ mobm^o^`fŽk ab i^p alp baf`flkbp-Dk qbpqfjlkfl ab jf ^do^ab`fjfbkql ib abaf`l bpqb if_ol-
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00-000-100-200-300-400-500-600-7
00-800-0/
0/- RTBDRHNMDR+RDQHDR+HMooDFQ@KDRHLOQNOH@R
K^ m^o^alg^ ab YbkŽkRr`bpflkbpRr`bpflkbp jlkŽqlk^p ab k•jbolp ob^ibpDgbo`f`flpRbofbpfkcfkfq^pOolmfba^a ab ifkb^ifa^a ab i^p pbofbp`lksbodbkqbpRbofbpqbibp`Žmf`^pRbofbdblj‹qof`^Dgbo`f`flpDgbo`f`flp `lk bumobpflkbpab`fj^ibpBofqboflp ab `lksbodbk`f^Bofqboflp ab `ljm^o^`fŽk m^o^ pbofbpab q‹ojfklp kl kbd^qfslpDi `ofqbofl fkqbdo^iDgbo`f`flpBofqboflp ab i^ o^Œwu abi `l`fbkqb m^o^ pbofbp ab q‹ojfklp klkbd^qfslpDgbo`f`flpRbofbp^iqbok^a^pBlksbodbk`f^ `lkaf`flk^i v ^_plirq^Bofqboflpab `lksbodbk`f^ ab Cfof`eibq u @_biDgbo`f`flpQbloabk^`fŽk ab pbofbpDgbo`f`flp s^oflp ab obm^plHkqbdo^ibpfjmolmf^pDgbo`f`flp
00- RTBDRHNMDRX RDQHDRCD ETMBHNMDR
Blksbodbk`f^ mrkqr^i ab pr`bpflkbp ab crk`flkbpBlksbodbk`f^ rkfclojb ab pr`bpflkbp ab crk`flkbpBlksbodbk`f^ rkfclojb v `lkqfkrfa^aBlksbodbk`f^ rkfclojb b fkqbdo^`fŽkTk^ `lkaf`fŽk prcf`fbkqbm^o^i^ `lksbodbk`f^ rkfclojbRbofbpab mlqbk`f^p- BŒo`ril ab `lksbodbk`f^Dgbo`f`flpOolmfba^abp ab i^p crk`flkbp obmobpbkq^a^pmlo pbofbpob^ibp abmlqbk`f^pRbofb ab S^vilo dbkbo^a^ mlo rk^ crk`fŽkBlkaf`fŽk prcf`fbkqbm^o^i^ `lksbodbk`f^ ab rk^ pbofbab S^vilo
346351354356-/236036136336636837/371-1--1/
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40640841/410411413415
417
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00-00
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01-001-101-201-301-4
01-501-601-701-8
01-0/01-0001-0101-0201-0301-0401-0501-06
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01- „KFDAQ@ UDBSNQH@K
Hkqolar``fŽk efpqŽof`^Di bpm^`fl sb`qlof^i ab i^p k,mi^p ab k•jbolp ob^ibpHkqbomobq^`fŽkdblj‹qof`^ m^o^i 8892Dgbo`f`flpOolar`ql bp`^i^oKlkdfqra l kloj^ ab rk sb`qloNoqldlk^ifa^a ab sb`qlobpDgbo`f`flpOolvb``flkbp- „kdril ab alp sb`qlobp bk bi bpm^`fl abi afjbkpflkbpKlp sb`qlobp `lloabk^alp rkfq^oflpDgbo`f`flpDkslisbkqb ifkb^i ab rk `lkgrkql cfkfql ab sb`lqobpHkabmbkabk`f^ ifkb^iA^pbpDgbo`f`flpDi bpm^`fl sb`qlof^i Rh%?& ab k,mi^p ab k•jbolp `ljmibglpDgbo`f`flp
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02-0/02-0002-0102-02
02-0302-0402-0502-06
02-0702-0802-1/02-1002-1102-1202-1302-14
03-003-1
03-203-303-4
03-5
03-603-7
03-803-0/03-0003-0103-0203-0303-0403-0503-0603-0703-08
gi_d^` \i\g…od^j
Di molar`ql sb`qlof^i bumobp^al bk cloj^ ab abqbojfk^kqbDgbo`f`flpOolar`ql jfuqlQbdi^ ab Bo^jbo m^o^ obplisbo rk pfpqbj^ ab qobp b`r^`flkbpifkb^ibpDgbo`f`flpUb`qlobp kloj^ibp ^ mi^klpD`r^`flkbp ifkb^ibp `^oqbpf^k^pm^o^ mi^klpDgbo`f`flpK^p pb``flkbp `Žkf`^pDu`bkqof`fa^a ab i^p pb``flkbp `Žkf`^pD`r^`flkbp mli^obp ab i^p `Žkf`^pDgbo`f`flpBŽkf`^p pfj‹qof`^p obpmb`ql^i lofdbkD`r^`flkbp `^oqbpf^k^pab i^p `Žkf`^pDgbo`f`flpDgbo`f`flp s^oflp pl_ob `Žkf`^p
03- B„KBTKN BNM ETMBHNMDRUDBSNQH@KDR
Erk`flkbp sb`qlof^ibp ab rk^ s^of^_ib ob^iNmbo^`flkbp ^idb_o^f`^p- BljmlkbkqbpKŒjfqbp+abofs^a^p b fkqbdo^ibpDgbo`f`flp@mif`^`flkbp ^ i^p `ros^p- S^kdbk`f^@mif`^`flkbp^i jlsfjfbkql `rosfiŒkbl-Ub`qlo sbil`fa^a+ sbil`fa^av ^`bibo^`fŽkDgbo`f`flpUb`qlo q^kdbkqbrkfq^ofl+ kloj^i mofk`fm^iv mi^kl lp`ri^alo ^rk^ `ros^Dgbo`f`flpCbcfkf`fŽk ab ilkdfqra ab rk ^o`l@afqfsfa^a ab i^ ilkdfqra ab ^o`lErk`fŽk ilkdfqra ab ^o`lDgbo`f`flpBros^qro^ ab rk^ `ros^Dgbo`f`flpKlp sb`qlobp sbil`fa^a v ^`bibo^`fŽk bk `lloabk^a^p mli^obpLlsfjfbkql mi^kl `lk ^`bibo^`fŽk o^af^iBlloabk^a^p `fiŒkaof`^pDfbo`f`flp
484486.21
5/05/15/3/)/5/65/8501503504505507510512
516516517521522
526530
53253553754054154454654855/552553554
03-1/
03-10
04-004-104-204-304-4
04-504-604-704-804-0/04-0004-0104-0204-0304-04
04-05
05-005-105-205-305-4
05-505-605-705-805-0/05-0005-0105-0205-0305-0405-05
Fi _d^` \i\g…od^j
@mif`^`flkbp ^i jlsfjfbkql mi^kbq^oflDgbo`f`flp ab obm^pl
04- DRO@BHNRKHMD@KDR
Hkqolar``fŽkCbcfkf`fŽk ab bpm^`fl ifkb^iDgbjmilp ab bpm^`flp ifkb^ibpBlkpb`rbk`f^p bibjbkq^ibp ab ilp ^uflj^pDgbo`f`flpRr_bpm^`flp ab rk bpm^`fl ifkb^iBlkgrkqlp abmbkafbkqbp b fkabmbkafbkqbp+ bk rk bpm^`fl ifkb^iA^pbp v afjbkpfŽkDgbo`f`flpOolar`qlp fkqboflobp+ bpm^`flp br`iŒablp- Mloj^pNoqldlk^ifa^a bk rk bpm^`fl br`iŒablDgbo`f`flpBlkpqor``fŽk ab `lkgrkqlp loqldlk^ibp- L‹qlal ab Fo^j,R`ejfaqBljmibjbkqlp loqldlk^ibp- Oolvb``flkbp@molufj^`fŽk Žmqfj^ ab bibjbkqlp ab rk bpm^`fl br`iŒabl mlobibjbkqlp ab rk pr_bpm^`fl ab afjbkpfŽk cfkfq^Dgbo`f`flp
05- SQ@MRENQL@BHNMDRKHMD@KDRX L@SQHBDR
So^kpcloj^`flkbp ifkb^ibpM•`ibl v ob`loofalCfjbkpfŽk abi k•`ibl v o^kdl ab i^ qo^kpcloj^`fŽkDgbo`f`flpNmbo^`flkbp ^idb_o^f`^p `lk qo^kpcloj^`flkbp ifkb^ibpHksbop^pSo^kpcloj^`flkbp ifkb^ibp rkl ^ rklDgbo`f`flpSo^kpcloj^`flkbp ifkb^ibp `lk s^ilobp ^pfdk^alpQbmobpbkq^`fŽk j^qof`f^i ab i^p qo^kpcloj^`flkbp ifkb^ibpBlkpqor``fŽk ab rk^ obmobpbkq^`fŽk j^qof`f^i bk cloj^ af^dlk^iDgbo`f`flpDpm^`flp ifkb^ibp ab j^qof`bpHpljlocfpjl bkqob qo^kpcloj^`flkbp ifkb^ibp v j^qof`bpLriqfmif`^`fŽk ab j^qof`bpDgbo`f`flp
WWH
556560
56456456656857/570572574575/10580583/2/6/0
6/30)/
6/86006016036056076100+,61461562/62162262462563/
WWHH gi_d^` \i\g…od^j
05-06 Rfpqbj^p ab b`r^`flkbp ifkb^ibp05 -07 S‹`kf`^p ab `Ši`ril05-08 Hksbop^p ab j^qof`bp `r^ao^a^p05-1/ Dgbo`f`flp05-10 Dgbo`f`flp s^oflp pl_ob j^qof`bpRlir`flkbp ^ ilp bgbo`f`flp†kaf`b ^ic^_‹qf`l
6310-.64/6410.-0.07/4
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Dk bpqb`^mŒqrilpb bpqraf^k rklp mol_ibj^p bk m^oqbmi^kqb^alp e^`b rklp13// ^•lp+ `r^kal bi cfiŽplcl dofbdl YbkŽk ab Dib^ '384,324 ^- ab B-( mob`fmfqŽrk^ `ofpfp bk i^ L^qbjŠqf`^ ^kqfdr^ bpq^_ib`fbkal ^idrk^p m^o^alg^p fkdbkflp^p-Tk^ ab bii^p+ii^j^a^ cob`rbkqbjbkqb i^ k\m\_jd\ _`g ^jmm`_jm pb mrbab bumlkboab i^ j^kbo^ pfdrfbkqb9
Tk `loobalo kl mrbab ^i`^kw^o krk`^ i^ jbq^ mlonrb pfbjmob e^ ab ob`l,ooboi^ jfq^a ab rk^ afpq^k`f^ ^kqbp ab ob`loobo i^ afpq^k`f^ qlq^i- Dp ab`fo+`r^kal e^v^ ob`loofal i^ mofjbo^ jfq^a+ qbkaoŠ nrb `loobo i^ lqo^ jfq^a-Br^kal e^v^ ob`loofal i^ jfq^a ab ‹pq^+ ib nrba^oŠ qla^sŒ^ i^ `r^oq^m^oqb+r^kal e^v^ `loofal i^ jfq^a ab bpq^ `r^oq^ m^oqb+ib nrba^oŠ i^l`q^s^ m^oqbv ^pŒpr`bpfs^ b di_`adid_\h`io`,YbkŽk mbkpŽ+bsfabkqbjbkqb+ bk rk^ pfqr^`fŽk fab^i bk i^ nrb bi `loobalo
bp rk^ m^oqŒ`ri l mrkql nrb pb jrbsb ab rk buqobjl ^ lqol ab rk pbdjbkqlab ob`q^- O^o^ ^k^ifw^o bi o^wlk^jfbkql ab YbkŽk `lk jŠp abq^iib pb prmlkbnrb bi `loobalo m^oqbabi mrkql j^o`^al `lk 0 bk i^ cfdro^ 0/-0 v `loob e^`f^i^ jbq^ j^o`^a^ `lk N- K^p mlpf`flkbp fkaf`^a^p mlo -z+ +e+---+bq`-+pb•^i^ki^ co^``fŽk ab `^oobo^ nrb pb e^ ab `loobo qla^sŒ^ `r^kal pb ^i`^kw^ bi mrkqlj^o`^al- Dpq^pco^``flkbp '`^a^ rk^ ab i^p `r^ibp bp i^ jfq^a ab i^ ^kqboflo(pr_afsfabk qlal bi qo^vb`ql bk rk k•jbol fkabcfkfal ab m^oqbp ^a^ sbw jŠpmbnrb•^p- Orbpql nrb m^o^ ob`loobo mlo pbm^o^al `^a^ rk^ ab bpq^pm^oqbppbkb`bpfq^ rk^ `^kqfa^a mlpfqfs^ ab qfbjml+ m^ob`b k^qro^i ^cfoj^o nrb bi qfbjmlkb`bp^ofl m^o^ bi qo^vb`ql qlq^i e^ ab pbo i^ prj^ qlq^i ab qla^p bpq^p`^kqf,a^abp ab qfbjml- Cb`fo nrb bi `loobalo krk`^ mrbab ^i`^kw^o i^ jbq^ bnrfs^ib ^ab`fo nrb krk`^ iibd^ ^ bii^ bk rk qfbjml cfkfql: l+ af`el ab lqol jlal+ nrb i^prj^ ab rk k•jbol fkcfkfql ab fkqbos^ilp mlpfqfslp ab qfbjml kl mrbab pbocfkfq^-
K^ ^cfoj^`fŽk ab YbkŽk ab nrb rk k•jbol fifjfq^al ab `^kqfa^abp mlpf,qfs^p kl mrbab qbkbo rk^ prj^ cfkfq^+crb `lkqo^af`e^ 1/// ^•lp jŠp q^oab
346
347 Pp^`ndji`n* n`md`n*dio`bm\g`n dhkmjkd\n
`lk i^ `ob^`fŽk ab i^ qbloŒ ab i^p pbofbpfkcfkfq^p-Dk ilp pfdilp WUHH v WUHHH
^idrklp j^qbjŠqf`lp bjmbw^olk ^ mbkp^onrb bo^ mlpf_ib buqbkabo i^ fab^ abprj^ loafk^of^ ab `lkgrkqlp adidojn ab k•jbolp ^ `lkgrkqlp diadidojn* ab j^,kbo^ nrb bk ^idrklp `^plp i^ ~prj^‚ ab rk `lkgrkql ab fkcfkfqlp k•jbolp pb^cfkfq^- O^o^ sbo `Žjl pb mrbab e^`bo bpq^ buqbkpfŽk u qbkbo rk^ fab^ ab i^pafcf`riq^abp nrb mrbabk mobpbkq^opbm^o^ biil+ `lksfbkb ^k^ifw^o i^ m^o^alg^ abYbkŽk `lk jŠp abq^iib-
RrmŽkd^pb nrb bi `loobalo ^kqbp jbk`flk^al+ `loob ^ q`gj^d_\_ `lkpq^kqbt nrb kb`bpfq^ Q jfkrqlp m^o^ i^ mofjbo^ jfq^a abi ob`loofal- O^o^ bi pfdrfbkqb`r^oql ab ob`loofal kb`bpfq^oŠQ.1 jfkrqlp+ m^o^ bi l`q^sl pfdrfbkqb Q- 3 jfkr,qlp u bk dbkbo^i m^o^i^ m^oqb ljmobkafa^ bkqob /-0i u /-0i
)/ kb`bpfq^oŠQ-0i
jfkrqlp- K^ ~prj^‚ ab qlalp bpqlp fkqbos^ilp pb mrbab fkaf`^o pfj_Žif`^jbkqbbp`of_fbkal i^ pfdrfbkqb bumobpfŽk9
' KN-i(@ @ @Q) + * , * --- * , * ----1 3 0T
Dpqbbp rk bgbjmil ab i^p ii^j^a^p n`md`ndiadido\n u bi mol_ibj^ ^nrŒ bpqŠbkab`fafo pf bp mlpf_ib bk`lkqo^o rk^ cloj^ k^qro^i ab ^pfdk^oib rk k•jbol nrbpb mrba^ ii^j^o nph\ ab i^ pbofb-
K^ bumbofbk`f^cŒpf` af`b nrb bi `loobalo nrb `loob ^ sbil`fa^a `lkpq^kqb^i`^kw^oŠ pr jbq^ bk rk qfbjml al_ib abi nrb kb`bpfq^_^ m^o^^i`^kw^o pr mrkql
l d
EHFTQ@ 0/-0 I\ k\m\_je\ _` W`i4i,
jbafl- Orbpql nrb kb`bpfq^ Q jfkrqlp m^o^ i^ jfq^a abi ob`loofal+ e^_Œ^ abbjmib^o 0Q jfkrqlp m^o^ bi ob`loofal `ljmibql- Dpqbo^wlk^jfbkql prdfbob nrbpb ab_b ^pfdk^o i^ ~prj^‚ 0Q ^ i^ pbofbbk '0/-0( bpmbo^kal nrb i^ fdr^ia^a
'0/-1(P P P
Q * , * , * --- * , * --- < 0Q1 3 0i
mrba^ pbo ~sŠifa^‚ bk ^id•k pbkqfal-
I\ k\m\_je\ _` W`i‡i 348
K^ qbloŒ^ab i^p pbofbp fkcfkfq^p mob`fp^ `Žjl pb e^ ab fkqbomobq^obpq^ fdr^i,a^a- K^ fab^ bp i^ pfdrfbkqb9 Oofjbol pb prj^k rk iˆh`mj adidoj ab q‹ojfklp+ilp i mofjbolp+ fkaf`^kal bpq^ prj^ mlo n!, @pŒpb qfbkb9
'0/-2( Q Q Qp ;Q)+)+)}jj)+,! 1 3 +!'*
v bpq^ prj^ pb abkljfk^ nph\ k\m^d\g k,pfj^- Rb bpqraf^ abpmr‹p bi `ljmlo,q^jfbkql ab n9 `r^kal i qlj^ s^ilobp `^a^ sbw jŠp do^kabp- Dk m^oqf`ri^o pbqo^q^ ab abqbojfk^o pf i^p prj^p m^o`f^ibp n9 qfbkabk ^ rk iŒjfqb cfkfql `r^kali `ob`b fkabcfkfa^jbkqb-
Dk bpqb `^pl bp cŠ`fi sbo nrb bi s^ilo iŒjfqb ab i^p prj^p m^o`f^ibp bp 0Q,
Dk bcb`ql+ `^i`ri^kal ^idrk^p ab bpq^p prj^p m^o`f^ibp pb qfbkb9
RH< P)Q 1
R1 < Q)!0 <!1 Q*Q Q 5
R2 < P * !1 * z< 3 P)
Q Q Q /3R3 < P * !1 * z* 7! < 7 P+
Rb l_pbos^ nrb bpqlp obpriq^alp pb mrbabk bumobp^o`ljl pfdrb9
RH< '1 , f&P) P0 < '1 , &P) P1 < '1 , &P) P2 < '1 , f&P+
il `r^i `lkar`b ^ mbkp^o bk rk^ cŽojri^ dbkbo^i ab i^ cloj^9
'0/-3( n9 < '1 , 0Hf&Q m^o^ qlal bkqbol mlpfqfsl i,
K^ cŽojri^ 'i/-3( pb `ljmorb_^ cŠ`fijbkqb mlo fkar``fŽk- Orbpql nrb 0.1!,0 ,* N`r^kal i `ob`b fkabcfkfa^jbkqb+ obpriq^ p! ,* 0Q, Olo q^kql+ i^ fdr^ia^a '0/-1(bp ~`fboq^‚ pf pb fkqbomobq^nrb 0Q bp bi g…hdo`ab i^p prj^p m^o`f^ibp n,9 Dpqbmol`bpl ab iŒjfqb m^ob`b fks^ifa^o i^ l_gb`fŽk ab YbkŽk nrb i^ prj^ ab rkk•jbol fkcfkfql ab fkqbos^ilp ab qfbjml kl mrbab pbo krk`^ cfkfq^-
@elo^ a^objlp rk ^odrjbkql nrb molmlo`flk^ rk ^mlvl `lkpfabo^_ib ^imrkql ab sfpq^ ab YbkŽk- Rrmlkd^jlp nrb bk bi ^kqboflo ^kŠifpfp ab i^ m^o^alg^abi `loobalo pb e^`b rk mbnrb•l mbol fjmloq^kqb `^j_fl- Dk sbw ab `lkpf,abo^o i^ sbil`fa^a `lkpq^kqb+ prmŽkd^pb nrb ab`ob`b do^ar^ijbkqb ab j^kbo^nrb kb`bpfq^ Q jfkrqlp m^o^ fo ab 0 ^ 0.1+ Q-0 m^o^ fo ab 0.1 ^ 0.3+ Q-1 jfkr,qlp m^o^ fo ab 0.3 ^ 0.7+ u bk dbkbo^i Q-i jfkrqlp m^o^ fo ab 0.1!,0 ^ 0.1!-
-/) Pp^`ndji`n* n`md`n*dio`bm\g`n dhkmjkd\n
Di ~qfbjml qlq^i‚ nrb kb`bpfq^oŠ m^o^ i^ `^oobo^+ sbkaoŠ ^elo^ obmobpbkq^al mloi^ pfdrfbkqb pbofb fkcfkfq^9
'i/-4(
Dk bpqb `^pl+ i^ bumbofbk`f^ cŒpf`^ kl prdfbob kfkdrk^ ~prj^‚ l_sf^ l k^qro^im^o^ ^pfdk^o ^ af`e^ pbofb v mlo q^kql bpqb bgbjmil e^v nrb bpqraf^oil abpabrk mrkql ab sfpq^ `ljmibq^jbkqb j^qbjŠqf`l-
Hdr^i nrb ^kqbp+ pb fkqolar`bk i^p prj^p m^o`f^ibp Pi9 bp ab`fo9
'0/-5( Q Q Qp+< Q * !1 * 2! * --- * ::,-
v pb qo^q^ ab sbo nr‹ l`roob ^ n9 `r^kal i `ob`b fkabcfkfa^jbkqb- Dpq^ prj^m^o`f^i kl bp q^k cŠ`fi ab bpqraf^o `ljl i^ ab '0/-2(+ mrbp kl bufpqb rk^ cŽojri^^kŠild^ ^ i^ '0/-3( nrb pfjmifcfnrb i^ bumobpfŽk abi pbdrkal jfbj_ol ab '0/-5(-Rfk bj_^odl+ mlo `ljm^o^`fŽk ab bpq^p prj^p m^o`f^ibp `lk rk^ fkqbdo^i ^mol,mf^a^ pb mrbab sbo nrb qlj^k s^ilobp q^k do^kabp `ljl pb nrfbo^-
Dk i^ cfdro^ 0/-1 pb sb m^oqb ab i^ efm‹o_li^ n%r&< f,r m^o^ r = N- 'Dk bibgb u pb e^ jlafcf`^al i^ bp`^i^-( Klp ob`qŠkdrilp af_rg^alp+ qfbkbk rk Šob^ qlq^ifdr^i ^ i^ prj^
'0/-6(
Di Šob^ ab i^ obdflk abqbojfk^a^ mlo i^ efm‹o_li^ v bi fkqbos^il Z0+ i * 0\ bpax)gU+g ^r < ild %h* 0(+ v mrbpql nrb bpq^ Šob^ kl mrbab bu`babo i^ prj^ ab
i^p Šob^p ab ilp ob`qŠkdrilp+ pb qfbkb i^ abpfdr^ia^a
'0/-7( 0 0 00 * , * , * --- * , = ild %h* 0(1 2 i m8 * Š
Lriqfmif`^kal ^j_lp jfbj_olp mlo Q pb l_qfbkb m8ƒ Q ild %h* 0(- Dp ab`fo+pf i^ sbil`fa^a abi `loobalo ab`ob`b q^i `ljl pb e^ fkaf`^al ^kqboflojbkqb+ biqfbjml kb`bp^ofl m^o^ ^i`^kw^o bi mrkql /-0i bp mlo il jbklp Q ild %h* 0( jf,krqlp- Orbpql nrb ild %h * 0( ^i `ob`bo h qlj^ s^ilobp q^k do^kabp `ljl pbnrfbo^+ pb `rjmib bk bpqb `^pl i^ m^o^alg^ ab YbkŽk+ bp ab`fo nrb bi `loobalokl ^i`^kw^oŠ i^ jbq^ bk rk qfbjml cfkfql-
K^ qbloŒ^ dbkbo^i ab pbofbp fkcfkfq^p e^`b rk^ afpqfk`fŽk bkqob pbofbp `ljl'0/-0( `rv^p prj^p m^o`f^ibp qfbkabk ^ rk iŒjfqb cfkfql+ v pbofbp `ljl '0/-4( `rv^poqi]o m^o`f^ibp kl qfbkbk iŒjfqb cfkfql- K^p mofjbo^p pb abkljfk^k ^jiq`mb`io`n
I\ k\m\_je\ _` W`i‡i 350
t
K^ prj^ ab i^p 0Šob^p ab ilp ob`qŠkdrilp bp 0 * , * - - * --- * - -
1 2 i
Di Šob^ ab i) Y
i^ obdfŽk plj_ob^a^ bp / r *X^r <Hld %h* 0(
sl 1 2 i k*0
EHFTQ@ 0/-1 Pdbidad^\_j b`jh„omd^j _` g\ _`ndbp\g_\_ H * /-0 * --- * Efh ƒ i^d &i * 0(-
v i^p pbdrka^p _dq`mb`io`n, Klp mofjbolp fksbpqfd^alobp bk bpqb aljfkfl mlkŒ^kml`^ l kfkdrk^ ^qbk`fŽk bk i^p `rbpqflkbp ab `lksbodbk`f^ v afsbodbk`f^- So^,q^_^k i^p pbofbpfkcfkfq^p`ljl pf crbo^k prj^p loafk^of^p cfkfq^p+prgbq^p ^ i^pibvbp rpr^ibp abi „idb_o^ pfk qbkbo bk `rbkq^ nrb bpq^pibvbp kl mrbabk buqbk,abopb rkfsbop^ijbkqb ^ i^p pbofbpfkcfkfq^p-Olo bpl kl bp plomobkabkqb nrb pbe^v^ sfpql- jŠp q^oab nrb ^idrklp ab ilp mofjbolp obpriq^alp l_qbkfalp crbo^kfk`loob`qlp- @cloqrk^a^jbkqb+ jr`elp ab ^nrbiilp mflkbolp qbkŒ^krk^ fkqrf,`fŽk v abpqobw^ml`l cob`rbkqbp+nrb ibp bsfq^_^ iibd^o ^ `lk`irpflkbp c^ip^p+^rknrb biilp kl mrafbo^k grpqfcf`^o prp j‹qlalp- Dkqob ilp mofjbolp j^qbjŠ,qf`lp nrb pb l`rm^olk ab i^p pbofbpl`rm^ rk ird^o mobbjfkbkqb Kblk^oa Dribo-Dribo abp`r_oŒ^cŽojri^ qo^pcŽojri^+ ^ `r^i jŠp fkqbobp^kqb+v ^ i^ sbw rqfifw^_^i^p pbofbpfkcfkfq^p`ljl `lk`bmql rkfcf`^alo ab afsbop^p o^j^p ab i^ L^qbjŠ,qf`^ nrb e^pq^ bkqlk`bp bpq^_^k pfk obi^`flk^o- K^ do^k `^kqfa^a ab qo^_^glpab Dribo nrb e^k pl_obsfsfal ^i m^pl abi qfbjml bp rk qof_rql ^ pr klq^_fiŒpfjlfkpqfkql ab il j^qbjŠqf`^jbkqb `loob`ql-
K^ buqbkpfŽkabi rpl ab i^p pbofbpfkcfkfq^pbjmbwŽ jŠp q^oab bk bi pfdil WUHH-
`bo`^ ab `fk`rbkq^ ^•lp abpmr‹p abi k^`fjfbkql ab Dribo+ `lfk`fafbkal `lk bimofk`fmfl abi abp^ooliil abi BŠi`ril fkqbdo^i Mf`eli^p Lbo`^qlo '051/,0576( vVfiif^j Aolrk`hbo '051/,0573( abp`r_ofbolk bk 0557 rk^ pbofb fkcfkfq^ m^o^
351 Pp^`ndji`n* n`md`n*dio`bm\g`n dhkmjkd\n
bi ild^ofqjl ^i fkqbkq^o `^i`ri^o bi Šob^ ab rk pbdjbkql efmbo_Žif`l- Ol`l abp,mr‹p+ Mbtqlk abp`r_ofŽ i^ n`md` ]di‡hd^\, Dpqlp abp`r_ofjfbkqlp `lkpqfqrvbkrk mrkql crka^jbkq^i ab i^ efpqlof^ ab i^ L^qbjŠqf`^- Tk `^pl m^oqf`ri^oab i^ pbofb _fkŽjf`^ bp bi `lkl`fal o`jm`h\ _`g ]dijhdj nrb ^cfoj^ nrb9
'0 * so < &W'se)
Q5>
alkab r bp rk k•jbol ob^i ^o_fqo^ofl+ h rk bkqbol kl kbd^qfsl+ v F( bp bi`lbcf`fbkqb _fkljf^i- Mbtqlk bk`lkqoŽ nrb bpq^ cŽojri^+ sŠifa^ m^o^ s^ilobp _h*o`mjn ab i pb mlaŒ^ buqbkabo ^ bumlkbkqbp m`\g`n `r^ibpnrfbo^+ prpqfqrvbkal i^prj^ cfkfq^ abi pbdrkal jfbj_ol+ mlo rk^ pbofb cfkfq^ `lksbkfbkqb+ pf _fbk klil abjlpqoŽ- Dcb`qfs^jbkqb+ bk rk bpqrafl `rfa^alpl ab i^ pbofb _fkljf^i prodbk^idrk^p `rbpqflkbp _^pq^kqb abif`^a^p ab `lksbodbk`f^ ^ i^p nrb kl pb mlaŒ^obpmlkabo bk i^ ‹ml`^ ab Mbtqlk-
Ol`l abpmr‹p ab i^ jrboqb ab Dribo bk 0672+ bi `^ra^i ab krbslp abp`r,_ofjfbkqlp bjmbwŽ ^ afpjfkrfo v bi mboŒlal cloj^i bk i^ efpqlof^ ab i^p pbofbpiibdŽ ^ pr q‹ojfkl- Tk krbsl mboŒlal+ v jŠp `oŒqf`l+ bjmbwŽ bk 0701 `r^kalF^rpp mr_if`Ž i^ `‹ib_ob jbjlof^ nrb `lkqbkŒ^+ mlo mofjbo^ sbw bk i^ efpqlof^+rk bpqrafl ofdrolpl ab i^ `lksbodbk`f^ ab ^idrk^p pbofbp fkcfkfq^p- Ol`lp ^•lpjŠp q^oab+ B^r`ev fkqolargl rk^ abcfkf`fŽk ^k^iŒqf`^ abi `lk`bmql ab iŒjfqb bkpr qo^q^al @pmnj_` >iƒgdndn\gb`]m\d^j 'mr_if`^al bk 0710(+ v bumrpl ilp crka^,jbkqlp ab i^ qbloŒ^jlabok^ ab `lksbodbk`f^ v afsbodbk`f^- Dk i^ Rb``fŽk nrbpfdrb pb bumlkaoŠk ilp orafjbkqlp ab bpq^ qbloŒ^-
)(&* EbPR`V\[R`
Dk bi ibkdr^gb `loofbkqb i^p m^i^_o^p ~pbofb‚ v ~pr`bpflk‚ plk pjljj^p vpb rqfifw^k m^o^ abpfdk^o rk `lkgrkql ab `lp^p l pr`bplp afpmrbpqlp bk rk loabk-Dk L^qbjŠqf`^+ bpq^p m^i^_o^p qfbkbk rk pfdkfcf`^al q‹`kf`l bpmb`f^i- K^ m^i^,_o^ ~pr`bpfŽk‚ qfbkb rk pbkqfal ^kŠildl ^i abi ibkdr^gb `loofbkqb+ mrbp `lk bii^pb nrfbob fkaf`^o rk `lkgrkql ab l_gbqlp mrbpqlp bk loabk+ mbol i^ m^i^_o^~pbofb‚ pb rp^ bk rk pbkqfal `ljmibq^jbkqb afpqfkql- @nrŒ pb bpqraf^oŠ bi `lk,`bmql ab pr`bpfŽk abg^kal bi ab pbofb m^o^ abcfkfoil jŠp q^oab bk bi ^m^oq^al 0/-4-
Rf ^ `^a^ bkqbol mlpfqfsl i bpqŠ ^pl`f^al rk k•jbol ob^i \i* bkqlk`bp pbaf`b nrb bi `lkgrkql loabk^al
abcfkb rk^ pr`bpfŽk fkcfkfq^- B^a^ q‹ojfkl ab i^ pr`bpflk qfbkb ^pfdk^al rkbkqbol mlpfqfsl+ ab j^kbo^ nrb pb mrbab e^_i^o abi kmdh`m o„mhdij ^i&abi n`+bpi_j o„mhdij \0 X bk dbkbo^i abi o„mhdij i+ndhj \ij B^a^ q‹ojfkl \z qfbkb rkpfdrfbkqb \iE X mlo q^kql kl e^v rk ~•iqfjl‚ q‹ojfkl-
Pp^`ndji`n 352
Klp bgbjmilp jŠp `loofbkqbp ab pr`bpflkbp pb mrbabk `lkpqorfo a^kal ^idrk^obdi^ l cŽojri^ nrb abcfk^ bi q‹ojfkl k,pfjl- @pŒ+mlo bgbjmil+ i^ cŽojri^\9 < //i abcfkb i^ pr`bpfŽk `rvlp `fk`l mofjbolp q‹ojfklp plk9
@idrk^p sb`bp pb kb`bpfq^k alp l jŠp cŽojri^p+ mlo bgbjmil9
[0i+/ < 0+
pfbkal bk bpqb`^pl ilp mofjbolp q‹ojfklp9
0+1+0+7+0+07+0+21+0
Nqo^ cloj^ `loofbkqb ab abcfkfo rk^ pr`bpfŽk bp jbaf^kqb rk `lkgrkql ab fkp,qor``flkbp nrb fkaf`^k `Žjl pb l_qfbkb rk q‹ojfkl ^ m^oqfoab ilp ^kqboflobp-@pŒ+pb qfbkbmlo bgbjmil9
Dpqbj‹qlal m^oqf`ri^o pb `lkl`b mlo cŽojri^ ab m`^pmm`i^d\ v abcfkb rk^ pr`b,pfŽk c^jlp^ ii^j^a^ ab Cd]ji\^^d, ) Klp mofjbolp q‹ojfklp plk9
0+ 0+1+ 2+ 4+ 7+ 02+10+ 23-
Dk qla^ pr`bpfŽk il bpbk`f^i bp nrb bufpqbrk^ crk`fŽk ` abcfkfa^ bk ilpbkqbolp mlpfqfslp+ q^i nrb `%h& bp bi q‹ojfkl k,pfjl ab i^ pr`bpfŽk m^o^ `^a^i < 0+1+ 2+ --- Dcb`qfs^jbkqb+ ‹pqb bp bi `^jfkl jŠp `lksbkfbkqb m^o^ bpq^_ib,`bo rk^ abcfkf`fŽk q‹`kf`^ ab pr`bpfŽk-
CDEHMHBHˆM- Ri\ api^d‡i a ^ptj _jhdidj `n `g ^jiepioj _` oj_jn gjn `io`+mjn kjndodqjn 0+1+ 2+ ! - n` _`ijhdi\ np^`nd‡i diadido\, Bg q\gjm a&i' _` g\ api+^d‡i n` _`ijhdi\ `g o„mhdij i+ndhj _` g\ np^`nd‡i,
Di m`^jmmd_j ab i^ crk`fŽk 'bp ab`fo+ bi `lkgrkql ab s^ilobp ab i^ crk`fŽk(pb mlkb jr`e^p sb`bp ab j^kfcfbpql+ bp`of_fbkal ilp q‹ojfklp bk loabk- @pŒ9
H'h'*a&0'*a&1'% ,,, *a&i'* ,, * ,
) Ef_lk^``f+ `lkl`fal q^j_f‹k mlo Kblk^oal ab Ofp^ '0064,014/(+ bk`lkqoŽ bpq^ pr`bpfŽk ^iqo^q^ork mol_ibj^ obi^qfsl ^ ilp mol`bplp ebobafq^oflp bk ilp `lkbglp-
353 Pp^`ndji`n* n`md`n*dio`bm\g`n dhkmjkd\n
Olo o^wlkbp ab _obsba^a pb rqfifw^ i^ klq^`fŽk v-&i'w m^o^ fkaf`^o i^ pr`bpflk`rvl q‹ojfkl k,pfjl bk E%h&+Blk jr`e^ cob`rbk`f^ i^ abmbkabk`f^ ab h pb fkaf`^rqfifw^kal pr_Œkaf`bp+ v pb bp`of_b \,* Pi* sz* Ri* N klq^`fŽk ^kŠild^ bk sbw abn_h&+
K^ `rbpqfŽk nrb pb nrfbob `lkpfabo^o+ bp ab`fafo pf ilp q‹ojfklp E%h&qfbkabkl kl ^ rk iŒjfqb cfkfql `r^kal i `ob`b fkabcfkfa^jbkqb- O^o^ biil+ pb mob`fp^buqbkabo bi `lk`bmql ab iŒjfqb ^ i^p pr`bpflkbp+ il nrb pb ildo^ `lk i^ abcfkf`fŽkpfdrfbkqb-
CDEHMHBHˆM- Ri\ np^`nd‡i vo&i'w od`i` g…hdo I nd*k\m\ ^\_\ iˆh`mj kjndod+qj ’+ `sdno` jomj iˆh`mj kjndodqj M &lp` `i b`i`m\g _`k`i_` _` `Z o\g lp`
E,%h&* HE; ’ k\m\ oj_j h ƒ K,
Bi `no` ^\nj* _`^dhjn lp` g\ np^`nd‡i vo`i'w ^jiq`mb` c\^d\ I t `n^md]dhjn
Fdha&i' < I* l a&i' ,* H l i+)jj,
Ri\ np^`nd‡i lp` ij ^jiq`mb` n` gg\h\ _dq`mb`io`,
Dk bpq^ abcfkf`fŽk ilp s^ilobp ab i^ crk`fŽk E%h&v bi iŒjfqb H mrbabk pbok•jbolp ob^ibp l `ljmibglp- Rf Ev H plk `ljmibglp+ mrbabk abp`ljmlkbopb bkpr m^oqb ob^i b fj^dfk^of^+ pb^k ‹pq^p F < p * dq v I < \ * d], Dkqlk`bp qbkb,jlp F&i' + I < p&i' + \ * dXq&i' + ]Z, K^p abpfdr^ia^abp
fo%h&* ]h Q E,%h&* HE v Ep%h&* \f Q E,%h&* JG
morb_^k nrb i^ obi^`fŽk F&i' x I fjmif`^ nrb p&i' x \ v q`i' x ] `r^kali x ll + Qb`Œmol`^jbkqb+ i^ abpfdr^ia^a
E,%h&* HE Q fo%h&* ]h * Ep%h&* ^h
abjrbpqo^ nrb i^p alp obi^`flkbp p&i' x \ v qvi' x ] fjmif`^k F&i' x I `r^kali x ^j * Cf`el ab lqol jlal+ rk^ pr`bpfŽk `ljmibg^ E`lksbodb pf v pŽil pf i^m^oqbob^i p v i^ m^oqbfj^dfk^of^ q `lksbodbk pbm^o^a^jbkqb+ bk `rvl `^pl qbkbjlp
gdha&i' < ifj p&i' * fifj q&i',
Dp `i^ol+ nrb qla^ crk`fŽk abcfkfa^ m^o^ qlalp ilp k•jbolp s ob^ibp v mlpf,qfslp mrbab pbosfo m^o^ `lkpqorfo rk^ pr`bpfŽk obpqofkdfbkal r ^ qlj^o pŽil s^il,obp `io`mjn, Dpql bumif`^ i^ do^k ^k^ildŒ^ bkqob i^ abcfkf`fŽk nrb pb ^`^_^ ab a^o
Oo]_mcih_m gihƒnih[m ^_ h„g_lim l_[f_m 354
v i^ Rb``fŽk 6-03 m^o^ crk`flkbp jŠp dbkbo^ibp- K^ ^k^ildŒ^ pb mobpbkq^ q^j_f‹kbk ilp f•gcn_m ch`chcnim u pb abg^ ^i ib`qlo bi abcfkfo ilp pŒj_lilp
gdha&i' < * // v ifjc'k( < , //
`ljl pb efwl bk i^ Rb``fŽk 6-04 `r^kal ` bp ab s^ilobp ob^ibp- Rf ` bp `ljmibg^+bp`of_fjlp `%h&w // `r^kal h w // pf E`%h&.w * ^j ,
K^ co^pb ~pr`bpfŽk `lksbodbkqb‚ pb bjmib^ pŽil m^o^ pr`bpflkbp `rvl iŒjfqbbp `chcni+ Rr`bpflkbp `lk iŒjfqb * // l , // pb af`b nrb plk afsbodbkqbp- K^pcŽojri^p nrb pfdrbk abcfkbk ^idrk^p pr`bpflkbp-
a&i' < %ZE&h )h.f$
a&i' < pbk 1& a&i' < '\G(j'0 *y(+ a&i' < `!di-0 ,
K^p obdi^p _Špf`^p m^o^ iŒjfqbp ab prj^p+ molar`qlp+ bq`-+ plk sŠifa^p q^j_f‹km^o^ iŒjfqbp ab pr`bpflkbp `lksbodbkqbp- Di ib`q`o kl bk`lkqo^oŠ afcf`riq^a bk i^clojri^`fŽk ab af`elp qblobj^p+ v prp abjlpqo^`flkbp pb e^`bk bk cloj^ ^kŠild^^ i^p ab i^ Rb``fŽk 2-4-
K^ `lksbodbk`f^ l afsbodbk`f^ ab jr`e^p pr`bpflkbp pb mrbabk abqbojfk^orqfifw^kal molmfba^abp ab crk`flkbp `lkl`fa^p nrb bpqŠk abcfkfa^p m^o^ qlal smlpfqfsl- Rb a^k ^ `lkqfkr^`fŽk ^idrklp bgbjmilp fjmloq^kqbp `rvlp iŒjfqbp pbmrbabk bk`lkqo^o afob`q^jbk-b l rqfifw^kal ^idrklp ab ilp obpriq^alp abar`falpbk bi `^mŒqril 6-
'0/-8( Hfj 0-, < N pf l`= N-i+ NB( i\,
ifj u! < N RH Zu\ ; i-ixjj
'0/-0/(
'0/-00('ild i'!
ifj ,,, < N m^o^ qlal \ = N+\ = N -i+ // i]
'0/-01( ifj i% ! < 0 -
'0/-02( ifj '0 * x'i < _[k,l` i
m^o^ qlal ob^i [ +
0/-2 Rr`bpflkbp jlkŽqlk^p ab k•jbolp ob^ibp
Tk^ pr`bpfŽk un%h&vpb af`b nrb bp ]l_]c_hn_ pf
a&i' xa&i * 0( m^o^ qlal i ƒ H-
-// Pp^`ndji`n* n`md`n*dio`bm\g`ndhkmjkd\n
Dpql pb fkaf`^ _obsbjbkqb bp`of_fbkal `%h&8!+ Olo lqo^ m^oqb+pf pb qfbkb9
a&i' xa&i * 0( m^o^qlal i x 0+
pb af`b nrb i^ pr`bpfŽk bp _`^m`^d`io` v pb bp`of_ba&i'%<G,,Tk^ pr`bpfŽk pb ii^j^jlkŽqlk^ `r^kal bp `ob`fbkqb l ab`ob`fbkqb-
Dp `Žjlal qo^_^g^o`lk pr`bpflkbp jlkŽqlk^p mrbp pr `lksbodbk`f^ l af,sbodbk`f^ pb mrbab abqbojfk^o cŠ`fijbkqb- Dk bcb`ql+ pb qfbkb bi pbk`fiil `ofqboflpfdrfbkqb-
RCMPCK? 0/-0- Ri\ np^`nd‡i hji‡oji\ ^jiq`mb` ndt n‡gj nd `n \^jo\_\,
Kjo\8 Tk^ pr`bpfŽk va&i'wpb af`b nrb bpqŠ\^jo\_\ pf bufpqbrk k•jbol mlRfqfslLq^i nrb E`%h&Gy L m^o^ qlal h+ Tk^ pr`bpfŽk nrb kl bpqŠ ^`lq^a^ pb abkljfk^ hi\^jo\_\
A`hjnom\^d‡i, Dp `i^ol nrb rk^ pr`bpfŽk kl ^`lq^a^ kl mrbab `lksbodbo+mlo q^kql pb e^ ab abjlpqo^o pli^jbkqb nrb rk^ pr`bpfŽk jlkŽqlk^ u ^`lq^a^`lksbodb-
Rrmrbpql a&i'-! pb^ K bi buqobjl prmboflo abi `lkgrkql ab s^ilobp ab i^crk`fŽk- 'Orbpql nrb i^ pr`bpfŽk bpqŠ ^`lq^a^+ bk sfoqra abi ^uflj^ 0/ abi`lkgrkql ab ilp k•jbolp ob^ibp+qfbkb rk buqobjl prmboflo-( Dkqlk`bp E%h&77787H
H * b H
` r ` r h- - ----- H.%.& .%/& .%0& .%1& F&K' F&i'
EHFTQ@ 0/-2 Ri\ np^`nd‡i ^m`^d`io` \^jo\_\ ^jiq`mb` c\^d\ np `som`hj npk`mdjm,
m^o^ qlal i* v pb qo^q^ab mol_^o nrb i^ pr`bpfŽk `lksbodb e^`f^ I,Rb^ ’ rk k•jbol mlpfqfsl ^o_fqo^ofl-Bljl H * ’ kl mrbab pbo rk^ `lq^
prmboflo ab oj_jn ilp k•jbolp F&i' e^ ab pbo I + b ; F&K'm^o^ ^id•k K 'bpqbK abmbkab ab D(- Orbpql nrb a&i'-! *pf i x K bp F&K'x F&i'*mlo q^kql+I + ’ ;9 `%h&w H m^o^qlal h w J) `ljl pb sb bk i^ cfdro^ 0/-2- Cb bpq^pabpfdr^ia^,abp pb abar`b9
L88898I + a&i' ; ’ m^o^ qlal i x K
il nrb pfdkfcf`^ nrb i^ pr`bpfŽk `lksbodb e^`f^ H) `ljl pb nrboŒ^abjlpqo^o-Rfa&i'%<G,i^ abjlpqo^`fŽk bp ^kŠild^+ pfbkal bk bpqb`^pl bi iŒjfqbbi buqobjl
fkcboflo ab ilp s^ilobp ab i^ crk`fŽk-
Bd`m^d^djn 356
)(&, :WR_PVPV\`
Dk ilp Dgbo`f`flp 0 ^i 11+ pb abcfkb rk^ pr`bpflk un%h&vmlo i^ cŽojri^ a^a^- Dk `^a^`^pl+ '^( abqbojfk^o pf i^ pr`bpfŽk `lksbodb l afsbodb+ u '_( e^ii^o bi iŒjfqb ab `^a^ pr`b,pfŽk `lksbodbkqb- Dk ^idrklp `^plp mrbab pbo •qfi prpqfqrfo bi bkqbol i mlo rk k•jbolob^i mlpfqfsl ^o_fqo^ofl s v bpqraf^o i^ crk`fŽk ab s obpriq^kqb mlo ilp j‹qlalp abi `^mŒ,qril 6- Rb mrbabk ^mif`^o i^p cŽojri^p '0/-8( ^ '0/-02( a^a^p ^i cfk^i abi ^m^oq^al 0/-1-
i i * G0- g`i' < i * H , +i+ ,
i/ i/ * 00, g`i' < ::,9z99,z, +i+ ,
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pf h878;7K pfbkal I < ifjkzNI \ij Cbqbojfk^o bk `^a^ `^pl bi s^ilo ab K nrb `loobpmlkab^ ilp pfdrfbkqbp s^ilobp ab D9 D < 0: /+0: /+/0: /+//0: /+///0-
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18- Cbjlpqo^o nrb rk^ pr`bpfŽk kl mrbab `lksbodbo e^`f^ alp iŒjfqbp afpqfkqlp-2/- Rrmrbpql nrb ifok-+z // [} < N-@mif`^kal i^ abcfkf`fŽk ab iŒjfqb abjlpqo^o nrb
ifj ++zll \9 < N-20- Rf ifj++zll [i < > X ifj++zll ]i ;? ^mif`^kal i^ abcfkf`fŽk ab iŒjfqb abjlpqo^o nrb
ifj++zll &\i * ]i' < > * ? u ifj **xjj&`\i' < `> alkab ` bp rk^ `lkpq^kqb-21- O^oqfbkal ab ilp obpriq^alp l_qbkfalp bk 2/ v 20 abjlpqo^o nrb pf ifjkzll \h; = bp
ifj++]-ll \x < >0, Cbpmr‹p+ e^`fbkal rpl ab i^ fabkqfa^a 0\i]i < &\i * ]i'0 + \/ * ]0
abjlpqo^o nrb gdhixjj&\i]i' < >? pf ifjkzll \i ;> v Hfjkzll ]i < ?, i i
22- Rf \ bp rk k•jbol ob^i v i rk bkqbol kl kbd^qfsl+ bi `lbcf`fbkqb _fkljf^i 'z( bpqŠ abcf,kfal mlo9
&\' < \&\ + /'&\ + 1( --- '] , i * 0(i * ,T(
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4
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FE FE c'0( , a`L'^( Cbjlpqo^o nrb p! z l X&s' _s x `! X nrb N z jX&s' _s + Oh w + i , ,
_( Cbjlpqo^o nrb i^p pr`bpflkbp um))vv Q))v`lksbodbk ^j_^p e^`f^ bi iŒjfqb &gX&U' r +-il
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371 Pp^`ndji`n* n`md`n*dio`bm\g`ndhkmjkd\n
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SDNQDL@ 0-/6- Pd\9 99888N k\m\ ^\_\ i 998880+g\ n`md`G\9 ^jiq`mb` ndt n‡gjnd g\ np^`nd‡i _` npn nph\n k\m^d\g`n `noƒ \^jo\_\ npk`mdjmh`io`,
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Kjo\, K^ `lk`irpfŽk pb mrbab clojri^o q^j_f‹k `ljl pfdrb9 ~K^ afsbodbk`f^ ab,0 [! fjmif`^ i^ afsbodbk`f^ ab -1 ]9~* Dpq^ molmlpf`fŽk bp iŽdf`^jbkqb bnrfs^ibkqb ^iqblobj^ 0/-7- Br^kal pb p^qfpc^`b i^ abpfdr^ia^a '0/-27( pb af`b nrb i^ pbofb I]! ^i*hdi\ ^ i^ pbofb I\!,
A`hjnom\^d‡i, Rb^ Pi < \g * --- * \,* o9< ]* * --- )]i, Dkqlk`bp '0/-27(fjmif`^ n9 8899o9 Rf -1 ]9 `lksbodb+ prp prj^p m^o`f^ibp bpqŠk ^`lq^a^p: pf L bprk^ `lq^+ pb qfbkb n9 8899J v+ mlo q^kql+ -1 \9 bp q^j_f‹k `lksbodbkqb mrbpql nrbprp prj^p m^o`f^ibp bpqŠk ^`lq^a^p mlo ]I) `lk 0/ `r^i nrba^ abjlpqo^al biqblobj^-
Rf pb prmofjb rk k•jbol cfkfql ab q‹ojfklp abi mofk`fmfl ab rk^ pbofb+i^`lksbodbk`f^ l afsbodbk`f^ kl pb ^cb`q^- Olo q^kql+ bi qblobj^ 0/-7 bp q^j_f‹ksŠifal pf pb sbofcf`^ i^ fdr^ia^a '0/-27( m^o^ qlal h}J) alkab M bp rk k•jbolcfgl-
SDNQDL@ 0/-8- BQHSDQHN CD BNLO@Q@BHˆM ONQ O@RN @K K†LHSD- Ppkp`nojlp` \9 = N v ]9 = N k\m\ oj_j i ƒ0+ X lp`
'0/-28( ifj \i < 0-i ,,,Šjj \i
Bioji^`n -1 \9 ^jiq`mb` pf v n‡gj pf -1 ] 9 ^jiq`mb`,
A`hjnom\^d‡i, Dufpqb rk bkqbol M q^i nrb i ƒ M fjmif`^ p; [+d\8 ; p-Olo q^kql ]9 ; 0\i u \z ; o]i m^o^ qlal i x M: ^mif`^kal alp sb`bp bi qblobj^0/-7 pb qfbkb abjlpqo^al bi qblobj^-
N_p‹osbpb nrb bi qblobj^ 0/-8 pb sbofcf`^ q^j_f‹k pf ifj i+p+^j \,G]9 < ` pfbj,mob nrb ` = N+ mrbpql nrb bkqlk`bp pb qfbkb ifj ixjj \i-&^]i' < 0 v pb mrbab`ljm^o^o -1 \,9 `lk -1&^]i', Rfk bj_^odl+ pf ifok ixjj ^-+.]9 < N+ pŽil pb mrbab`lk`irfo nrb i^ `lksbodbk`f^ ab -1 \ 8 fjmif`^ i^ `lksbodbk`f^ ab -1 [h †
CDEHMHBHˆM- P` _d^` lp` _jn np^`ndji`n v\iw u v]iw _` iˆh`mjn ^jhkg`ejnnji \ndio‡od^\h`io` dbp\g`n pf
ifj Mh < 0-k,b `` \ 8
-1- Pp^`ndji`n* n`md`n*dio`bm\g`ndhkmjkd\n
Dpq^obi^`fŽk pb fkaf`^ pfj_Žif`^jbkqb bp`of_fbkal
%.--1-&
K^ klq^`fŽk Š-- , ]z pb ibb z\9 bp ^pfkqŽqf`^jbkqb fdr^i ^ ]9~ v `lk biil pb nrfbobfkaf`^o nrb [i v j9 pb `ljmloq^k ab j^kbo^ ^kŠild^ `r^kal h `ob`b fkabcfkfa^,jbkqb- @mif`^kal bpq^ qbojfklildŒ^ pb mrbab bumobp^obi `ofqbofl ab `ljm^o^`fŽkmlo m^pl ^ iŒjfqb ab i^ j^kbo^ pfdrfbkqb-
SDNQDL@ 0/-0/- Ajn n`md`nG\,9 u G]i _` o„mhdijn kjndodqjn u \ndio‡od^\+h`io` dbp\g`n j \h]\n ^jiq`mb`i j \h]\n _dq`mb`i,
DIDLOKN 1- K@ ETMBHˆM YDS@ CD QHDL@MM- Dk bi bgbjmil 0 abi ^m^oq^al0/-6 pb mol_Ž nrb G.,%h0 * h& bp rk^ pbofbqbibp`Žmf`^`lksbodbkqb- Tqfifw^kal‹pq^ `ljl pbofbab `ljm^o^`fŽk pb pfdrb nrb FF-i0 bp `lksbodbkqb+ mrbpql nrb., h0
+ .,%h0 * h& `r^kal h w ]i ) Obol+ f,h0 aljfk^ E,h$ m^o^ p ƒ 1 v+mlo q^kql+ E,h$`lksbodb m^o^ qlal k•jbol ob^i p ƒ 1- Dk bi ^m^oq^al pfdrfbk,qb pb abjlpqo^oŠ nrb bpq^ pbofb `lksbodb q^j_f‹k m^o^ qlal p = 0- Rr prj^ pbfkaf`^ mlo %&n'&%bp i^ ibqo^ dofbd^ wbq^(v abcfkb rk^ crk`fŽk fjmloq^kqb bk@kŠifpfp+lkl`fa^ mlo i^ api^d‡i u`o\ _` Od`h\ii8
)) 0%&n'< !! ,
•i%i;/
pf p = 0-
Dribo abp`r_ofŽ cŽojri^p jrv _lkfq^p nrb `lkqfbkbk w%m&7Dk m^oqf`ri^o bk`lkqoŽnrb &'1( < mm0-4*obpriq^al nrb kl bp cŠ`fi ab abar`fo-
DIDLOKN 2- Orbpql nrb E,h afsbodb+ `^a^ pbofb ab q‹ojfklp mlpfqfslp^pfkqŽqf`^jbkqb fdr^i ^ g-i q^j_f‹k e^ ab afsbodbo: mlo bgbjmil+ i^p alp pbofbp9
)) 0
ƒSi&i * 0/(i;/
v
K^ obi^`fŽk pbk g-i + g-i bp `lkpb`rbk`f^ ab nrb 'pbk sdZ~ z-0 `r^kal s x N-
0/-02 Di `ofqbofl fkqbdo^i
O^o^ ^mif`^o bcb`qfs^jbkqb ilp `ofqboflp ab `ljm^o^`flk bp mob`fpl afpmlkboab ^idrklp bgbjmilp ab pbofbpab `ljmloq^jfbkql `lkl`fal- Rlk •qfibp i^ pbofbdblok‹qof`^ v i^ crk`fŽk wbq^-Rb mrbabk l_qbkbo lqolp bgbjmilp ^mif`^kal biii^j^al ^mdo`mdjdio`bm\g*abjlpqo^al mlo B^r`ev bk 0726-
Bg ^mdo`mdjdio`bm\g 374
t t
i + G
dx%T&_s # ƒ a&f'
f ! G
a&i + 0(
l 1 i
EHFTQ@ 0/-3 A`hjnom\^d‡i _`g ^mdo`mdjdio`bm\g,
SDNQDL@ 0/-00- BQHSDQHN HMSDFQ@K- P`\ a pi\ api^d‡i kjndodq\ _`^m`+^d`io`* _`adid_\ k\m\ oj_j m`\g s x 0- M\m\ ^\_\ i x 0+ n`\
v
`ioji^`n j \h]\n np^`ndji`n vPiw v voiw ^jiq`mb`i j \h]\n _dq`mb`i,
A`hjnom\^d‡i, Bljm^o^kal a `lk crk`flkbp bp`^ilk^a^p ^ab`r^a^p `ljlpb prdfbob bk i^ cfdro^ gL>* pb l_qfbkbk i^p abpfdr^ia^abp9
j* Pi + .'0( z Fi x Pi+F Š Orbpql nrb i^p alp pr`bpflkbp xp+yv voiw plk jlkŽ,qlk^p `ob`fbkqbp+ bpq^p abpfdr^ia^abp morb_^k nrb l ^j_^p bpqŠk ^`lq^a^p pr,mboflojbkqb l ^j_^p kl bpqŠk ^`lq^a^p- Olo q^kql+ l i^p alp pr`bpflkbp `lksbodbkl i^p alp afsbodbk q^i `ljl pb e^_Œ^ ^cfoj^al-
DIDLOKN 0- Di `ofqbofl fkqbdo^i mbojfqb abjlpqo^o nrb9
`lksbodb pf v pŽil pf p = 0 -
Slj^kal `%r& < r ! pb qfbkb9
u
hEZO * 0
oi < &ih_s < 0 , R
98 B?
ild i
RH R z 0 +
pf p < 0-
-1/ Pp^`ndji`n* n`md`n*dio`bm\g`ndhkmjkd\n
Rf m 9= 0+ bi q‹ojfkl hE*O w N `r^kal h w // v mlo q^kql voiw `lksbodb- Dk sfoqraabi `ofqbofl fkqbdo^i+bpql fjmif`^ i^ `lksbodbk`f^ ab i^ pbofbm^o^ p = 0-
Rf n ; 0+bkqlk`bp oŠŠx // v i^ pbofbafsbodb- Di `^pl m^oqf`ri^o n < 0 '0^n`md`\mh‡id^\' pb bpqrafŽ v^ bk i^ pb``fŽk 0/-4- Rr afsbodbk`f^ bo^ v^ `lkl`fa^ab Kbf_kfw-
DIDLOKN 1- Di jfpjl j‹qlal pb mrbab ^mif`^o m^o^ abjlpqo^o nrb9
)) 0
Hh%fia h&!i;0
`lksbodb pf v pŽil pf p = 0 -
'Rb bjmfbw^ i^ prj^ mlo i < 1 m^o^bsfq^o i^ i bk i^ nrb ild i bp `bol-(K^ fkqbdo^i`loobpmlkafbkqb bk bpqb`^pl bp9
di 0 x'iNd i'/+% + 'ild 1(0,-
o < +++_s< 0 , ph 1 r%fia U'!
ild 'ild h&* ild 'Hld 1(
pf p9{‹0+
pf R < 0-
voŠŠw `lksbodb pf v pŽil pf n = 0 v mlo q^kql+ bk sfoqra abi `ofqbofl fkqbdo^i+iljfpjl l`roob `lk i^ pbofbbk `rbpqfŽk-
)(&), :WR_PVPV\`
Cb`fo pf `^a^ rk^ ab i^p pbofbppfdrfbkqbpbp `lksbodbkqb l afsbodbkqb+o^wlk^kal i^obpmrbpq^-
//
0- I &2i + 1x2i + 0( -T5+
y rv+:,<z ild %1h* 0(1- J h%h* 0( -
T5+
wh * 01%Ix%
!5*)) +
1+ Ixi%T5+
//
4-19zbz9ui-T5+
//
!! 1 * ' Z.&h5- J 0i
!5*
x i 6- ƒ %h* 1( &
T5+
7 z ildk-5js::*9q•
//
6+Iq 0 -T5+ h%h* 0(
0/- z 0 * u::ƒ %h* 0(2 , 0 -hw.
@mdo`mdjn_` g\ m\…ut _`g ^j^d`io` k\m\ n`md`n_` o„mhdijn ij i`b\odqjn 265
NB 0
00- 19'fldk(R&i;0
wE[h./+ HEKh$ h]jh ; 0/-
IRG
NB 0
02- 19HNNNk * 0 -k<i
04- ekildk'fzdHNdk(7&T_-
NB
05- 19i`+h/†
i;g
x i `lp1 &i5Q-1'/2, I 0i ,
i;g
xGg-i x/5%H N g)s0_s,
i;g
NB
07- 19F7(. `+q9%_s*IRG
08- Rb^ ` rk^ crk`fŽk kl kbd^qfs^+ `ob`fbkqb abcfkfa^ m^o^ qlal s 88880- @mif`^o bi j‹qlal pb,drfal m^o^ i^ abjlpqo^`fŽk abi `ofqbofl fkqbdo^i m^o^ mol_^o nrb9
Slj^o `%r&< ild r v abar`fo i^p abpfdr^ia^abp9
'i/-30(
Dpql a^ rk^ bpqfj^`fŽk dolpbo^ abi loabk ab j^dkfqra ab i , Sbkfbkal bk `rbkq^ '0/-30(+mlabjlp bp`of_fo
_.,i %h (i.k „-i hf,h,;,,;,,,-
` i `
G^`fbkal nrb i x NB + bk`lkqo^jlp nrb
%h (i.k,,,,* ,
i `l
i%h (i.k , , `r^kal h ,,* NB ‘
`
0/-04 Bofqboflpab i^ o^Œwv abi `l`fbkqb m^o^pbofbpab q‹ojfklp kl kbd^qfslp
Tp^kal i^ pbofb dblj‹qof`^ `lk J u! `ljl pbofb ab `ljm^o^`fŽk+ B^r`evafl alp `ofqboflp •qfibp `lkl`falp mlo ^mdo`mdj_` g\ m\…ut ^mdo`mdj_`g ^j^d`io`,
Rf J \9 bp rk^ pbofb`rvlp q‹ojfklp '^ m^oqfoab rkl ab biilp( p^qfpc^`bkrk^abpfdr^ia^a ab i^ cloj^9
'0/-31( alkab l ` b ` e+
-11 Pp^`ndji`n* n`md`n*dio`bm\g`ndhkmjkd\n
i^ ^mif`^`fŽk afob`q^ abi `ofqbofl ab `ljm^o^`fŽk 'qblobj^ 0/-7( bumobp^nrb \,9 `lksbodb- K^p abpfdr^ia^abp bk '0/-31( plk bnrfs^ibkqbp ^
'0/-32(
v ab ^nrŒbi klj_ob ab ^mdo`mdj_` g\ m\…u,Rf i^ pr`bpfŽk v\! i.ky bp `lksbodbkqb+ bi `ofqbofl pb mrbab bumobp^obk rk^
cloj^ moŠ`qf`^pfk e^`bo obcbobk`f^^i k•jbol s,
SDNQDL@ 0/-01- BQHSDQHN CD K@ Q@†Y- P`\ \! pi\ n`md`_` o„mhdijn iji`b\odqjn o\g`n lp`
\x! ,=, O ^p\i_j i ,=, // -
']( Pd O ; 0+ g\ n`md`^jiq`mb`,'_( Pd O = 0+ g\ n`md`_dq`mb`,' b( PdO < 0+ `g ^mdo`mdjij _`^d_`,
A`hjnom\^d‡i, Rf O ; 0+ biŒg^pbs ab j^kbo^ nrb O ; s ; 0- Dkqlk`bp'0/-32( pb e^ ab p^qfpc^`bom^o^ qlal i x J ^ m^oqfoab rk M- Olo q^kql \9`lksbodb bk sfoqra abi `ofqbofl ab `ljm^o^`fŽk- Dpql abjrbpqo^ '^(-
O^o^ abjlpqo^o '_( pb l_pbos^ nrb N = 0 fjmif`^ \! = 0 m^o^rk^ fkcfkfa^aab s^ilobp ab i v mlo q^kql ^-- kl mrbab qbkabo ^ N- Olo il `r^i+ bk sfoqra abiqblobj^ 0/-5+ \,9 afsbodb- Dpql abjrbpqo^ '_(-
O^o^ abjlpqo^o 'b(+ pb `lkpfabo^k ilp alp bgbjmilp bk ilp nrb ^-- < g-i* vj! < /-i0
Š Dk ^j_lp `^plp+ O < 0+mrbpql nrb i% ! x 0 `r^kal i x // Zsbob`r^,`fŽk '0/-01( abi ^m^oq^al 0/-1\+ mbol g-i afsbodb jfbkqo^p nrb g-i0 `lk,sbodb-
DIDLOKN 0- Blk bi `ofqbofl ab i^ o^Œwbp cŠ`fi abqbojfk^o i^ `lksbodbk`f^ abi^ pbofb z2 '0ld j(,j mrbpql nrb9
0\.,h < ,, ,=, N `r^kal i ,=, // -h ild i
DIDLOKN 1- @mif`^kal bi `ofqbofl ab i^ o^Œw hWh,%h* 0(\!&+pb bk`rbkqo^
\o ! [ &%[i['i [ 0 ,=, `r^kal i ,=, //+
! + i * 0 , '0 * g-io `
bk sfoqra ab i^ b`r^`fŽk '0/-02( abi ^m^oq^al 0/-1- Orbpql nrb g-` ; 0+ i^ pbofb`lksbodb-
@mdo`mdjn_` g\ m\…uv _`g ^j^d`io` k\m\ n`md`n_` o„mhdijn ij i`b\odqjn 267
Tk^ ^mif`^`fŽk ifdbo^jbkqb afpqfkq^ abi `ofqbofl ab `ljm^o^`fŽk `lkar`b ^i`ofqbofl abi `l`fbkqb-
SDNQDL@ 0/-02- BQHSDQHN CDK BNBHDMSD- P`\ H\,9 pi\ n`md`_` o„mhdijnkjndodqjn o\g`n lp`
\i(/+ x I ^p\i_j i x // -[T
']( Rf I ; 0+g\ n`md` ^jiq`mb`,'_( Rf I = 0+g\ n`md` _dq`mb`,'b( Rf I < 0+ `g ^mdo`mdjij _`^d_`,
A`hjnom\^d‡i, Rf I ; 0+biŒg^pbs ab j^kbo^ nrb I ; s ; 0- Dkqlk`bp e^ab bufpqfork K q^i nrb \i)g-\! ; s m^o^ qlal i x K, Dpql fjmif`^
[h(f ; [h m^o^qlal i x J +si(/ si
Dp ab`fo+ i^ pr`bpflk v\h, s%%wbp ab`ob`fbkqb m^o^ i x J+ Dk m^oqf`ri^o+`r^kalh w J e^ ab pbo [+Fr! 777788[J,rJ) l ab lqol jlal+
alkab
Cb alkab obpriq^ nrb H\! bpqŠaljfk^a^ mlo i^ pbofb`lksbodbkqb Hu! nrba^kal^pŒmol_^al '^(-
O^o^ abjlpqo^o '_(+ _^pq^ l_pbos^o nrb I = 0 fjmif`^ \!)g = \9 m^o^ qlali x J) ^ m^oqfoab rk J) v mlo q^kql \9 kl mrbab qbkabo ^ N-
Efk^ijbkqb+ '`( pb morb_^ rqfifw^kal ilp jfpjlp bgbjmilp Prb bk bi qbl,obj^ 0/ 01-
L]n`mq\^d‡i, Di nrb i^ o^wŽk\**)G\i pb^ pfbjmob jbklo nrb 0 kl fjmif`^nrb `/g…hdo`I pb^ jbklo nrb 0- Olo bgbjmil+ i^ pbofb^ojŽkf`^+ nrb afsbodb+qfbkbi^ o^wŽkh`nh * 0(+nrb bp pfbjmob jbklo nrb 0+mbol bi iŒjfqb H bp fdr^i ^ 0-Olo lqo^ m^oqb+m^o^i^ afsbodbk`f^ bp prcf`fbkqbnrb i^ o^wŽkpb^ j^vlo nrb 0 m^o^i prcf`fbkqbjbkqb do^kab+ mrbpql nrb bkqlk`bp bp ^---*i = \! v \! kl mrbab qbkabo ^ N-
DIDLOKN 2- Rb mrbab bpq^_ib`boi^ `lksbodbk`f^ ab i^ pbofb Hidgi! mlo bi`ofqbofl abi `l`fbkqb- K^ o^wŽkab alp q‹ojfklp `lkpb`rqfslp bp9
\ ++*0 &i * i( ii &i'i 0 09:9 < &i * i(k*i - i < i * 0 < '0 * /-io x b `r^kal i x // +
-2) Pp^`ndji`n* n`md`n*dio`bm\g`ndhkmjkd\n
bk sfoqra ab i^ cŽojri^ '0/-02( abi ^m^oq^al 0/-1- Orbpql nrb g-` ; 0 i^ pbofb lk,sbodb- Dk m^oqf`ri^o+bpql fjmif`^ nrb bi q‹ojfkl dbkbo^i ab i^ pbofb qfbka^ ^`bol: bp ab`fo9
'0/-33( `r^kal i + // -
il nrb pb ^`lpqrj_o^ bumobp^oaf`fbkal nrb i! ~`ob`b jŠp oŠmfa^jbkqb‚ nrb i *m^o^i prcf`fbkqbjbkqb do^kab- X q^j_f‹k `lk rk^ buqbkpfŽkk^qro^i ab i^ klq^`fŽkj pb mrbab bp`of_fo '0/-33( `ljl pfdrb9 i < j&i!' `r^kal i x `l +
Kjo\, K^ obi^`fŽk '0/-33( pb mrbab mol_^o q^j_f‹k afob`q^jbkqb bp`of_fbkal9
i 0 1 e e * 0 i
i i i
alkab f < i-0 pf i bp m^o+v f < &i + 0(.1 pf i bp fjm^o- Rf i 9881 bi molar`ql ab ilpf mofjbolp c^`qlobp abi pbdrkal jfbj_ol kl bu`bab ^ 'p(g+v `^a^ rkl ab ilp c^`qlobpobpq^kqbpkl bu`bab ^ 0- Orbpql nrb %n&ew N `r^kal i x //+ nrba^ abjlpqo^al '0/-33(-S^j_f‹k pb abar`b i^ obi^`fŽk '0/-33( ^ m^oqfoab '0/-30(-
Di ib`qlo mrbab l_pbos^o nrb q^kql bi `ofqbofl ab i^ o^Œwljl bi abi `l,`fbkqb+bk ob^ifa^a kl plk jŠp nrb `^plp m^oqf`ri^obpab `ofqboflp ab `ljm^o^,`fŽk- Dk ^j_lp+ `r^kal pb mobpbkq bi `^pl '^( i^ `lksbodbk`f^ pb abar`b abieb`el nrb i^ pbofb bk `rbpqfŽk mrbab pbo aljfk^a^ mlo rk^ pbofb dblj‹qof`^^ab`r^a^ s!, K^ rqfifa^a moŠ`qf`^ab bpqlp `ofqboflpbpqŠbk nrb kl pb obnrfbobbi `lkl`fjfbkql bumiŒ`fqlab rk^ pbofb K u! ab `ljm^o^`fŽk ab lqo^ cloj^-Dk ilp Dgbo`f`flp 05 u 06 ab i^ Rb``fŽk 0/-05 pb a^oŠk lqolp alp bgbjmilpfjmloq^kqbp `lkl`falp mlo ^mdo`mdj_` O\\]` t ^mdo`mdj_` D\pnn, Rlk •qfibp bkjr`elp `^plp bk ilp nrb c^ii^ bi `ofqbofl abi `l`fbkqb-
0/-05 Dgbo`f`flp
Cb`fo ab `^a^ rk^ ab i^p pbofbp pfdrfbkqbp+ pf bp `lksbodbkqb l afsbodbkqb grpqfcf`^kali^ obpmrbpq^-
w %h &/0- z %/h& +
h:f
xi 3, x1i%
T_R
ol*i
5- z 0/h$
hwf
Be`m^d^djn 380
`b
`b 0
6- 19'ild h&f,h †i;0
7- 19&i/-i + k,-IRG
`b
8- 19 +h$+
IRG
0/- fF , `+i%',
k<i
04- Rb^k v\iw u v]iw alp pr`bpflkbp `lk \9 = N u ]9 = N m^o^ qlal i 19K* X pb^?i < ]i + ]i)g\i)g-\i , Ool_^o nrb9
'^( Rf bufpqb rk^ `lkpq^kqb mlpfqfs^ m*q^i nrb `* 19 m= N+ m^o^ qlal i 19 J) bkqlk`bpx \i `lksbodb-
XFi_d^\^d‡i, Ool_^o nrb If;K \f x \***]K-m,Z
'_( Rf b+ z N m^o^ h 19 J X pf J f,\i afsbodb+ q^j_f‹k 0 [i afsbodb-
XFi_d^\^d‡i, Ool_^o nrb K Ni aljfk^ //-]i ,Z
05- Rb^ 0\i rk^ pbofb ab q‹ojfklp mlpfqfslp- Ool_^o bi ^mdo`mdj_` O\\]`8 Rf bufpqbk rkm= N v rk K 19 0 q^ibp nrb
mm^o^ qlal i x J )
i i
bkqlk`bp 0\,• `lksbodb- K^ pbofb 0\i afsbodb RH9
\i)g 0,=0,,
\i + im^o^ qlal i x K ,
XFi_d^\^d‡i, @mif`^o bi Dgbo`f`fl 04 `lk ]i)g < i,Z
06- Rb^0\i rk^ pbofb ab q‹ojfklp mlpfqfslp- Cbjlpqo^o bi ^mdo`mdj_` D\pnn8 Rf bufpqb rki 19 0 X rk p l, 0 v rk I = N q^ibp nrb9
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270 Pp^`ndji`n* n`md`n*dio`bm\g`n dhkmjkd\n
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nrb af`b nrb i^ prj^ ab i^ pbofb^ojŽkf`^ ^iqbok^a^ bp i^d 1- Dpqbobpriq^al bp abbpmb`f^i fkqbo‹p qbkfbkal bk `rbkq^ nrb i^ pbofb ^ojŽkf`^ 1 ggi afsbodb-
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P`md`n\go`mi\_\n 382
abp`r_fboq^ mlo I^jbp Fobdlov bk 0560- Kbf_kfwbk`lkqoŽ ab krbsl bpq^cŽojri^bk 0562 `^i`ri^kal bi Šob^ abi `Œo`ril rkfa^a-
@j_^p pbofbp'0/-35( v '0/-36( plk pbofbp iqbok^a^pab i^ cloj^ '0/-34( bk i^pnrb u[iw ab`ob`b jlkŽqlk^jbkqb e^`f^ `bol- Kbf_kfwl_pbosŽ+ bk 06/4+ nrb bpq^pfjmib molmfba^a ab \9 fjmif`^ i^ `lksbodbk`f^ ab oj_\ pbofb^iqbok^a^-
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Orbpql nrb m/h*. ,* b `r^kal i ,* // pb l_qfbkb i^ pfdrfbkqb cŽojri^9
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SDNQDL@ 0/-07- BQHSDQHN CD @ADK- P`\i \9 pi\ n`md` ^jiq`mb`io` _`o„mhdijn ^jhkg`ejn v v]iw pi\ np^`nd‡i hji‡oji\ ^jiq`mb`io` _` o„mhdijn m`\+g`n, Bioji^`n g\ n`md` \,]• ^jiq`mb`,
A`hjnom\^d‡i, Tqfifw^jlp lqo^ sbw i^ klq^`fŽk abi qblobj^ 0/-05- K^ `lk,sbodbk`f^ ab \9 fjmif`^ i^ ab i^ pr`bpfŽk u= ††v X mlo q^kql i^ ab i^ pr`bpfŽkv>i]i(o w, @pfjfpjl+ v>iw bp rk^ pr`bpfŽk ^`lq^a^- Di obpql ab i^ abjlpqo^`fŽkbp pbjbg^kqb ^ i^ abi `ofqbofl ab Cfof`eibq-
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06- Rf [ bp rk k•jbol ob^i ^o_fqo^ofl+ pb^ mh%[& < 0\ * u\ * ---* i\, Cbqbojfk^o bi pf,drfbkqb iŒjfqb9
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_( K^ pbofb nrb pfdrb bp rk^ obloabk^a^ ab i^ pbofb ^ojŽkf`^ ^iqbok^a^ bk i^ nrb ^m^ob,`bk ^iqbok^qfs^jbkqb qobp q‹ojfklp mlpfqfslp pbdrfalp ab alp q‹ojfklp kbd^qfslp9
0 *h*p,p, ,*p*, *he,e,p* * * , \ ----
Cbjlpqo^o nrb i^ pbofb `lksbodb u nrb pr prj^ bp ild 1 * pild h
XFi_d^\^d‡i8 Blkpfabo^o i^ prj^ m^o`f^i R4+ v rqfifw^o i^ m^oqb ^(-\
b( Qbloabk^o i^ pbofb ^ojŽkf`^ ^iqbok^a^+ bp`of_fbkal ^iqbok^qfs^jbkqb k q‹ojfklp mlpfqf,slp pbdrfalp ab l q‹ojfklp kbd^qfslp- @mif`^o bkqlk`bp i^ m^oqb ^( m^o^ abjlpqo^o nrbbpq^ pbofb obloabk^a^ `lksbodb v qfbkb `ljl prj^ ild 1 * pfia%j,k&+
3.6 Pp^`ndji`n* n`md`n*dio`bm\g`n dhkmjkd\n
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Di `lk`bmql ab fkqbdo^iPxa&s' _s pb fkqolargl bk bi `^mŒqril0 `lk i^p obpqof`,`flkbp ab nrb i^ crk`fŽk a bpqrsfbo^ _`adid_\ v \^jo\_\ bk rk dio`mq\gj adidojW[)\Y+ Di l_gbql ab i^ qbloŒ ab i^ fkqbdo^`fŽk pb mrbab buqbkabo pf pb ^cilg^kbpq^pobpqof``flkbp-
O^o^ bjmbw^o+ pb mrbab bpqraf^o bi `ljmloq^jfbkql ab Pxa&s' _s `r^kal] x * _k+ Dpql `lkar`b ^ i^ kl`fŽk ab dio`bm\g diadido\ l q^j_f‹k ii^j^a^ dio`+bm\g dhkmjkd\ _` kmdh`m\%nk`^d` u nrb pb fkaf`^ mlo bi pŒj_lil P8 a&s' _s, Nqo^buqbkpfŽk pb l_qfbkb `r^kal pb qlj^ bi fkqbos^il W[) \Y cfkfql+mbol ` kl bpqŠ^`lq^a^ bk bi fkqbos^il- K^ krbs^ fkqbdo^i ^pŒl_qbkfa^ '`lk rk m^pl ^ iŒjfqb^ab`r^al( pb abkljfk^ dio`bm\g dhkmjkd\ _` n`bpi_\ `nk`^d`, O^o^ afpqfkdrfoi^p fkqbdo^ibpabi `^mŒqril0 ab i^p fkqbdo^ibpfjmolmf^p+^ i^p mofjbo^p pb ibp prbibii^j^o fkqbdo^ibp~molmf^p‚-
Lr`e^p crk`flkbp fjmloq^kqbp bk bi @kŠifpfppb mobpbkq^k`ljl fkqbdo^ibpfjmolmf^p ab rk^ r lqo^ `i^pb+v pb e^`b rk bpqrafl abq^ii^al ab bpq^pcrk`flkbpbk `roplp prmboflobpab BŠi`ril- @nrŒpb `lkpfabo^oŠk pŽil ilp ^pmb`qlpjŠp bib,jbkq^ibp ab i^ qbloŒ^+v pŽil pb a^oŠk ^idrk^p abcfkf`flkbp+qblobj^p v bgbjmilp-
Dp bsfabkqb nrb i^p abcfkf`flkbp `loobpmlkafbkqbp ^ i^p fkqbdo^ibpfjmolmf^pqfbkbkrk do^k m^ob`fal `lk i^p ab i^p pbofbpfkcfkfq^p-Olo q^kql+kl bp plomobkabkqbnrb jr`elp ab ilp qblobj^p bibjbkq^ibp pl_ob pbofbpqbkd^k pr o‹mif`^ bk i^ qbloŒ^ab i^p fkqbdo^ibpfjmolmf^p-
Rf i^ fkqbdo^imolmf^ Pxa&s' _s bufpqbm^o^ `^a^ ] 9888\* pb mrbab abcfkfo rk^krbs^ crk`fŽk E`ljl pfdrb9
X&]' < n^
a&s' _s m^o^ `^a^ ] 9888\ *&^
K^ crk`fŽk g ^pŒabcfkfa^ pb abkljfk^ dio`bm\g diadido\ l dio`bm\g dhkmjkd\ abmofjbo^ bpmb`fbu pb fkaf`^ mlo jbafl abi pŒj_lil P8 a&s' _s, K^ fkqbdo^ipb af`bnrb bp ^jiq`mb`io` pf bi iŒjfqb
'0/-50( ifj F&]' < ifj n_a&s' _s
]+))j88 _,*ll ‘--\
bufpqbv bp cfkfql- Dk `^pl `lkqo^ofl pb af`b nrb i^ fkqbdo^iP8a&s' _s bp _dq`m+b`io`, Rf bi iŒjfqbbk '0/-50( bufpqbu bp fdr^i ^ >* pb af`b nrb bi k•jbol > bp biq\gjm ab i^ fkqbdo^iv pb bp`of_b9
b!a&s' _s < > ,
Dpq^ abcfkf`fŽk bp ^kŠild^ ^ i^ a^a^ m^o^ i^p pbofbpfkcfkfq^p-Klp s^ilobpab i^ crk`fŽk F&]' grbd^k bi jfpjl m^mbinrb i^p ~prj^p m^o`f^ibp‚+mlo il nrb
Fio`bm\g`ndhkmjkd\n 4/8
pb i^p ii^j^oŠ ~fkqbdo^ibpm^o`f^ibp‚- N_p‹osbpb nrb bi pŒj_lil I9a&s' pb rp^q^kql m^o^ i^ fkqbdo^i `ljl m^o^ bi s^ilo ab i^ fkqbdo^i `r^kal ‹pq^ `lksbodb-'BljmŠobpb `lk i^ l_pbos^`fŽk eb`e^ e^`f^ bi cfk^i ab i^ Rb``fŽk 0/-4-(
DIDLOKN 0- K^ fkqbdo^ifjmolmf^ `wr*m ^r afsbodb pf n 490 X `lksbodb pfn = 0- O^o^ abjlpqo^oil+ l_p‹osbpb nrb9
%
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ild ]
pf n8yg8,0+
pf p < 0 -
Olo q^kql+Fd]' qfbkab ^ rk iŒjfqbcfkfql pf v pŽil pf p = )$ bk `rvl `^pl bi iŒjfqbbp9
hll 0s+n_s < ,, -
0 R , 0
Di `ljmloq^jfbkql ab bpq^fkqbdo^ibp ^kŠildl ^i ab i^ pbofb`loobpmlkafbkqb ^ i^
crk`fŽk wbq^+m_m&< G&9hi8z,
DIDLOKN 1- K^ fkqbdo^i`7pbk r ^r afsbodb mrbpql nrb9
F&]' < F7pbks _s < 0 , `lp ]*
u kl qfbkab ^ kfkd•k iŒjfqb`r^kal ] ,,* * ^j*
K^p fkqbdo^ibpfkcfkfq^pab i^ cloj^ czll `%r&^r pb abcfkbk ab j^kbo^ ^kŠil,d^- @abjŠp+ pf I+9-ll `%r& r v P8`%r& r plk \h]\n ^jiq`mb`io`n m^o^ rk `* pbaf`b nrb i^ fkqbdo^i Rzll `%r& r bp `lksbodbkqb v pr s^ilo pb abcfkb `ljl i^ prj^9
'0/-51( H7a&s' _s < ojja&s' _s * 0// a&s' _s ,
'Dp cŠ`fi abjlpqo^o nrb bp fkabmbkafbkqb ab i^ bib``fŽk ab ]+& K^ fkqbdo^iRzll `%r&^r pb af`b nrb afsbodb pf rk^ mlo il jbklp ab i^p fkqbdo^ibpabi pbdrkaljfbj_ol ab '0/-51( afsbodb-
3/. Pp^`ndji`n* n`md`n*dio`bm\g`n dhkmjkd\n
DIDLOKN 2- K^ fkqbdo^i axjj ` ,^iwi _s `lksbodb pf \ = N- Dk bcb`ql+ pf] = N+ pb qfbkb9
&] `+\/ug _s < &] `+\u _s < `+\]
+ 0z - Il Il +\ \
Olo q^kql+ `7n]0vh `lksbodb v pr s^ilo bp nYy+Olo lqo^ m^oqb+pf ] =/+ pbqfbkb9
`r^kal ] x // ‘
Olo q^kql+axjj `+\/ug _s q^j_f‹k `lksbodb v pr s^ilo bp g-\, Dp ab`fo+ pb qfbkbbll o]0vh _s < 0-\, N_p‹osbpb+ pfk bj_^odl+ nrb i^ fkqbdo^i axjj `+[t _s _d+q`mb` mrbpql nrb axjj `+\u _s afsbodb-
Bljl bk bi `^pl ab i^p pbofbp+pb qfbkbk q^j_f‹k bk bi `^pl ab i^p fkqbdo^ibpfjmolmf^p afsboplp `ofqboflpab `lksbodbk`f^- Di jŠp pbk`fiil ab biilp pb obcfbobfkqbdo^kalp mlpfqfslp-
SDNQDL@ 0/-12- Pd g\ dio`bm\g kmjkd\ a8a&s' _s `sdno` k\m\ ^\_\ ] x \ t nda&s' x N k\m\ oj_j s x N+ `ioji^`n a8 a&s' _s ^jiq`mb` pf- t n‡gj pf `sdno` pi\^jino\io` L = N o\g lp`8
ba&s' _s x J k\m\ ^\_\ ] x \ ,
Dpqbqblobj^ bp i^ _^pb abi pfdrfbkqb `ofqbofl ab `ljm^o^`fŽk-
SDNQDL@ 0/-13- Pd g\ dio`bm\g kmjkd\ ax a&s' _s `sdno` k\m\ ^\_\ ] x \ t ndN xa&s' x b&s' k\m\ oj_j s x \* _ji_` a8 b&s' _s ^jiq`mb`* `ioji^`n a8 a&s' _so\h]d„i ^jiq`mb` t
KNN a&s' _s x Kll b&s' _s ,
Jin[+ Rb af`b nrb i^ fkqbdo^i n8a%r&r ^igch[ i^ fkqbdo^iP8 %r& r+
SDNQDL@ 0/-14- BQHSDQHN CD BNLO@Q@BHˆM CDK KŒLHSD- Pd g\n _jn dio`+bm\g`n kmjkd\n axa&s' _s t ax b&s' _s `sdno`i k\m\ ^\_\ ] x \* nd`i_j a&s' x N Vb&s' = M k\m\ oj_j s ƒ \* t pf
Hfj a&s' < `*b,b,q,ll a%r&
`ioji^`n g\n dio`bm\g`n o8a&s'_s*t*a8 b&s' _sj ^jiq`mb`i \h]\n j _dq`mb`i \h]\n,
'0/-52( _ji_` ^8y„ M +
Fio`bm\g`n dhkmjkd\n 400
Kjo\, Rf bi iŒjfqb bk '0/-52( bp /+ pŽil pb mrbab `lk`irfo nrb i^ `lksbodbk`f^ ab`7a%r& r fjmif`^ i^ `lksbodbk`f^ ab P8x%r& r+
K^p abjlpqo^`flkbp ab ilp qblobj^p abi 0/-12 ^i 0/-14 plk ^kŠild^p ^ ilp abilp `loobpmlkafbkqbp ab pbofbp v pb abg^k `ljl bgbo`f`flp-
DIDLOKN 3- O^o^ `^a^ ob^i n*i^ fkqbdo^i b:+z:s% _s `lksbodb+ `ljl obpriq^ab i^ `ljm^o^`fŽk `lk `8)s+/ _s mrbpql nrb `+!%s%-s+/,* N `r^kal s ,* * \n*
K^p fkqbdo^ibp fjmolmf^p ab pbdrka^ bpmb`fb pb mrbabk fkqolar`fo `ljlpfdrb9 Rb prmlkb nrb ` bpqŠ abcfkfa^ bk bi fkqbos^il pbjf ^_fboql %[)\Y+ v nrb i^fkqbdo^i by%n&n bufpqb m^o^ `^a^ s nrb p^qfpc^`b \ ; s 4: \+ Rb abcfkb bkqlk`bprk^ krbs^ crk`fŽk Eab i^ j^kbo^ pfdrfbkqb9
F&s' < E7a&o' _o pf z: s m8|)
K^ crk`fŽk F ^pŒabcfkfa^ pb abkljfk^ dio`bm\g dhkmjkd\ _` n`bpi_\ `nk`^d` vpb fkaf`^ mlo bi pŒj_lil ax)a&o' _o, Rb af`b nrb i^ fkqbdo^i ^jiq`mb` pf bi iŒjfqb
'0/-53( ifj•I'u( < ifj G] a&o' _os+)\) s+)\) s
bufpqb u bp cfkfql- Rf bpql kl l`roob pb af`b nrb i^ fkqbdo^i ax)a&o' _o _dq`mb`,Rf bi iŒjfqb bk '0/-53( bufpqb v bp fdr^i^ >* bi k•jbol > pb af`b nrb bp bi q\gjmab i^ fkqbdo^i u pb bp`of_b9
G] a&o' _o << > ,\)
DIDLOKN 4- Rb^ a&o' < o! pf o = N-Rf ] = N v s = N pb qfbkb9
v
]g+% [ sg+P
F%r&<E7o+P_o < 0 , p
ild \ * i^d u
pf R9E, 0 +
pf p < 0 -
Br^kal s x N *+ F&s' qfbkab ^ rk iŒjfqb cfkfql pf u pŽil pf p ; 0- Olo q^kql+ i^fkqbdo^i ab) o+P _o `lksbodb pf n ; 0 u afsbodb pf p 1 0-
Dpqbbgbjmil pb mlaoŒ^qo^q^oab lqo^ cloj^- Rf pb e^`b i^ prpqfqr`fŽk o < g-p*_o < +p+/o) pb l_qfbkb9
`] cigWo! _o < pn
+/ _p ,
$! † fd\
401 Oo]_mcih_m)m_lc_m)chn_al[f_mcgjlijc[m
Br^kal s ,* /*+ g-s ,* *// v mlo q^kql ab) o+P_o < a%&a]QP+/ _p* pfbjmob nrb i^•iqfj^ fkqbdo^i `lksbog^- Dk sfoqra abi bgbjmil 0+ ‹pq^ `lksbodb pf v pŽil pfn + 1 ; , 0+bp ab`fo+ p ; 0-
Di bgbjmil ^kqboflo firpqo^ rk eb`el dblj‹qof`l klq^_ib- Blkpfa‹obpb i^crk`fŽk ` abcfkfa^ mlo `%r&<U+1-2 m^o^ N ; r w 0- K^ fkqbdo^i F* `%r& r `lk,sbodb+mbol i^ fkqbdo^i F* /Qa0&s' _s afsbodb- Fblj‹qof`^jbkqb+ bpql pfdkfcf`^ nrbbi `lkgrkql abi mi^kl ifjfq^al mlo bi bgb r) t < `%r&)r < N X r < 0 qfbkb Šob^cfkfq^+mbol nrb bi pŽifal l_qbkfal mlo pr olq^`fŽk ^iobabalo abi bgb s qfbkbslirjbk fkcfkfql-
K^p fkqbdo^ibpfjmolmf^p ab i^ cloj^ `w*a&o' _o pb abcfkbk ab j^kbo^ ^kŠ,ild^- Rf i^p alp fkqbdo^ibp ax)a&o' _o X `7*a&g' _o plk [g\[m ]ihp_la_hn_m) pbbp`of_b
G9a&o' _o < o)a&o' _o * oa&o'_o,
Kjo\, @idrklp ^rqlobp bp`of_bk P8 bk sbw ab Px)}
K^ abcfkf`fŽk pb mrbab buqbkabo 'ab j^kbo^ l_sf^( ^ rk k•jbol cfkfql `r^i,nrfbo^ ab prj^kalp- Olo bgbjmil+ pf ` kl bpqŠ abcfkfa^ bk alp mrkqlp ` ; ^fkqboflobp^ rk fkqbos^il W[)\Y pb af`b nrb i^ fkqbdo^i fjmolmf^ axa&o' _o `lk,sbodb u qfbkb bi s^ilo Px+a&o'_o * axxa&g' _o * i)a&g' _d* pfbjmob nrb `^a^rk^ ab bpq^pfkqbdo^ibp`lksbog^- @•k jŠp+ pb mrbabk `lkpfabo^o `lj_fk^`flkbp~jfuq^p‚ q^ibp `ljl ax)a&o' _o * a8 a&o' _o nrb pb bp`of_b nu,i~ _o l `lj_fk^,`flkbp ~jfuq^p‚ ab i^ cloj^ Pxxa&o' _o * ‚)a&g' _o * ax a&g' _o nrb pb bp`of_bpfjmibjbkqb `7a&o' _o,
DIDLOKN 5- H[ `oh]cƒh a[gg[+ Rf p = N+i^ fkqbdo^i`}))( `m%o%8!^n `nksbo,db- Dpq^fkqbdo^ipb e^ ab fkqbomobq^oljl rk^ prj^+ ab i^ cloj^9
'0/-54(
K^ pbdrka^ fkqbdo^i `lksbodb m^o^ qlal ob^i 4+ bk sfoqra abi bgbjmil 3- O^o^bpqraf^o i^ mofjbo^ fkqbdo^ipb mlkb o < g-p v pb l_pbos^ nrb9
Obol Iz mg-pp+P+g _p `lksbodb m^o^n =N mlo `ljm^o^`fŽk `lk `wp+n+/_pj Oloq^kql+ i^ fkqbdo^i j* `+ooP
+/ _o `lksbodb m^o^ 4 = N- Br^kal n = N i^ prkf^bk '0/-54( pb fkaf`^ mlo obp(-K^ crk`fŽk i&pŒabcfkfa^ pb ii^j^ `oh]cƒh a[gg[)
Be`m^d^djn 402
fkqolar`fa^ mlo mofjbo^ sbw mlo Dribo bk 0618- Sfbkb i^ molmfba^a fj,mloq^kqb nrb n'j * 0( < h `r^kal h bp rk bkqbol `r^inrfbo^ ƒN- 'O^o^ i^abjlpqo^`fŽk+ s‹^pb Dgbo`f`fl 08 ab i^ Rb``fŽk 0/-13-(
Klp `ofqboflp ab `lksbodbk`f^ a^alp bk ilp qblobj^p 0/-12 ^i 0/-14 qfbkbk^kŠildlp m^o^ i^p fkqbdo^ibpfjmolmf^p ab pbdrka^ bpmb`fb-Di ib`qlo kl qbkaoŠafcf`riq^a bk clojri^o ‹i jfpjl q^ibp `ofqboflp-
)(&*, :WR_PVPV\`
Dk `^a^ rkl ab ilp Dgbo`f`flp abi 0 ^i 0/ bpqraf^o i^ `lksbodbk`f^ ab i^ fkqbdo^i fj,molmf^ `loobpmlkafbkqb+
c7: s0- - . _s*
l su3*0 `./-ar
5- - m _s,.) SU
5, a/+ ild s _s,/* f*r
7- c`l ZTZ_s,]`l `lpe s
6+ a/+ Z^r +
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0/- 0// &g_U['n,1 r iar
b`l 1
1- ,// _*T ^r+
b`l 0
2- - . _s,l&su2*0
b`l 0
3- - ., ^r+l q`T
bll `+S,*
4- - m _s,.) SU
00- O^o^ rk `fboql s^ilo ob^i a+ i^ fkqbdo^i
hNN' ?r 0(1 s0 * 0 , 0s * 0 _s
`lksbodb- Cbqbojfk^o a u `^i`ri^o i^ fkqbdo^i-01- O^o^ rk `fboql s^ilo ob^i a+i^ fkqbdo^i
`lksbodb- Cbqbojfk^o a u `^i`ri^o i^ fkqbdo^i-
02- O^o^ rk `fboql s^ilo ob^i b i^ fkqbdo^i
h`l'0 B (+++++++ _sl UH * 0s/ s * 0
`lksbodb- Cbqbojfk^o a u `^i`ri^o i^ fkqbdo^i-
403 Pp^`ndji`n* n`md`n*dio`bm\g`ndhkmjkd\n
03- G^ii^o 0/p s^ilobp ab \ v \ q^ibp nrb
0..&0U0 * ]s * \ [' [/ s&0s * [& 0 _s + 0 -
04- ƒO^o^ nr‹ s^ilobp ab i^p `lkpq^kqbp \ u^ bufpqb u bp fdr^i ^ 0 bi iŒjfqb pfdrfbkqb>
, FGgWi * \s/ * ]sej 1 ^r )
Ii,*ll ,Ii U * s * 0
05- ^( Cbjlpqo^o nrb
&d+c_s '0 _U'ifj , * ,
c+L) ,0 U Š c U5) v nrb ifj gcpbk s _s < N -
e,*ll +c
_( Cb`fo pf `lksbodbk l afsbodbk i^p pfdrfbkqbp fkqbdo^ibp fjmolmf^p-
06- ^( Cbjlpqo^o nrb i^ fkqbdo^i G* 'pbk rfEr ^r `lksbodb-
_( Ool_^o nrb ifj!+]l* ud {'`lp o'-o0 _o < 0-
b( Cb`fafo pf i^ fkqbdo^i F* '`lp o'-o0 _o `lksbodb l afsbodb-
07- ^( Rf ` bp jlkŽqlk^ ab`ob`fbkqb m^o^ qlal r87770 X pf `%r&w N `r^kal r w * //+
abjlpqo^o nrb i^ fkqbdo^i ay%! `%r&^r v i^ pbofb `%h&plk ^j_^p `lksbodbkqbp l ^j_^pafsbodbkqbp-
WEh^c][]cƒh7 Qb`r‹oabpb i^ abjlpqo^`fŽk abi `ofqbofl ab i^ Œkqbdo^i-i
_( C^o rk bgbjmil ab rk^ crk`fŽk ` kl jlkŽqlk^ m^o^ i^ `r^i i^ pbofb `%h&`lksbog^v i^ fkqbdo^i Ic&%r&^r afsbog^-
08- Rb^ obp(< Px oP+/`+o _o m^o^ p = N 'crk`fŽk d^jj^(- @mif`^o i^ fkqbdo^`fŽk mlo m^oqbpm^o^ mol_^o nqb obp* 0( < pc&'p(+Cbpmr‹p abjlpqo^o mlo fkar``fŽk nrb H&'k* 0( < h m^o^ i bkqbol mlpfqfsl-
B^a^ rkl ab ilp Dgbo`f`flp 1/ ^i 14 `lkqfbkb rk^ molmlpf`fŽk+ kl kb`bp^of^jbkqb `fboq^+pl_ob rk^ crk`fŽk ` abcfkfa^ &O^o qlal s 98880- Dk `^a^ rkl ab biilp+ i obmobpbkq^rk bkqbolmlpfqfsl+ v Fi i^ fkqbdo^i Io x%r&^r nrb pb prmlkb nrb bufpqb pfbjmob- Cb `^a^ rk^ a^o i^abjlpqo^`fŽk l rk `lkqo^bgbjmil-
1/- Rf ` bp jlkŽqlk^ ab`ob`fbkqb v pf ifj i+`+j8 Fi bufpqb+ bkqlk`bp i^ fkqbdo^i Ic y&s' _s`lksbodb-
10- Rf fcg!)Zii`%r& < N X ifjk]olik < =) bkqlk`bp Pa `%r&^r `lksbodb v pr s^ilo bp =+11- Rf i^ pr`bpfŽk xHky`lksbodb+ i^ fkqbdo^i Ou! `%r&^r `lksbodb-12- Rf ` bp mlpfqfs^ v pf fcgh*(i]fh < =) bkqlk`bp Pm`%r&^r `lksbodb v s^ib =+
Be`m^d^djn -)-
13- Rrmrbpql nrb d$%r&bufpqb m^o^ `^a^ r 19 0 X nrb bufpqb rk^ `lkpq^kqb L = N q^i nrb0q.'u(0 99: L m^o^ qlal r 19 0: pf gdhi[<!g* < = i^ fkqbdo^i Pm`%r&^r `lksbodb v pr s^ilobp >,
14- Rf O`$`%r&^r `lksbodb+ bkqlk`bp gdh!*[!a&U' < N-
))
EG8:E=BA:E K E:D=:E 9: ;GA8=BA:E
00-0 Blksbodbk`f^ mrkqr^i ab pr`bpflkbp ab crk`flkbp
Dk bi `^mŒqril 0/ ebjlp `lkpfabo^al pr`bpflkbp `rvlp q‹ojfklp bo^k k•jbolpob^ibp l `ljmibglp- @elo^ nrbobjlp `lkpfabo^o pr`bpflkbp vaiw `rvlp q‹ojfklppb^k api^dji`n ob^ibp l `ljmibg^p nrb qbkd^k rk aljfkfl `lj•k bk i^ ob`q^ ob^il bk bi mi^kl `ljmibgl- O^o^ `^a^ s abi aljfkfl+ mlabjlp `lkpqorfo lqo^ pr`b,pfŽk u`h%r&v ab k•jbolp `rvlp q‹ojfklp plk ilp `loobpmlkafbkqbp s^ilobp ab i^pcrk`flkbp- Cbpfdkbjlp `lk R bi `lkgrkql ab mrkqlp s m^o^ ilp nrb bpq^ pr`bpfŽk`lksbodb- K^ crk`fŽk ` abcfkfa^ bk R mlo i^ fdr^ia^a
a&s' < ifj ai&s' pf s A R+
pb ii^j^ i^ api^d‡i g…hdo`ab i^ pr`bpfŽk vaiw* v ab`fjlp nrb i^ pr`bpfŽk vaiw^jiq`mb` kpiop\gh`io` e^`f^ a bk bi `lkgrkql R-
Di bpqrafl ab q^ibp pr`bpflkbp bpqŠ bk mofk`fmfl obi^`flk^al `lk bi qfml abmobdrkq^ pfdrfbkqb9 Rf `^a^ q‹ojfkl ab rk^ pr`bpfŽk vaiw qfbkb rk^ `fboq^ molmfb,a^a+ `ljl+ mlo bgbjmil+ i^ `lkqfkrfa^a+ i^ abofs^_fifa^a l i^ fkqbdo^_fifa^a+ ƒbknr‹ `lkaf`flkbp pb `lkpbos^ bp^ molmfba^a bk i^ crk`fŽk iŒjfqb> Olo bgbjmil+ pf`^a^ crk`fŽk `h bp `lkqfkr^ bk rk mrkql s* ƒil bp q^j_f‹k i^ crk`fŽk iŒjfqb `<Di bgbjmil nrb pfdrb abjrbpqo^ nrb+ bk dbkbo^i+ kl il bp-
DIDLOKN 0- Pp^`nd‡i _` api^dji`n ^jiodip\n ^ji api^d‡i g…hdo _dn^jiodip\,Rb^ `h%r&< u! pf N z r w 0- Dk i^ cfdro^ 00-0 pb e^k obmobpbkq^al ^idrklp q‹o,jfklp- K^ pr`bpfŽk vaiw `lksbodb mrkqr^ijbkqb bk bi fkqbos^il `boo^al ZN+0\+ vpr crk`fŽk iŒjfqb ` sfbkb a^a^ mlo i^ cŽojri^
a&s' < ifj u! < xN!zNN 0
pf N z s ; 0+
pf s < 0 -
&406
407 Oo]_mcih_m t m_lc_m^_ `oh]cih_m
N_p‹osbpb nrb i^ crk`fŽk iŒjfqb` bp afp`lkqfkr^ bk 0+pf _fbk `^a^ q‹ojfkl ab i^pr`bpfŽk bp `lkqfkr^ bk qlal bi fkqbos^il ZN+0\-
DIDLOKN 1- Oo]_mcƒh j[l[ f[ ko_ ifj `7 Eh%r&r :.: `\ ifj Eh%r& r+ Rb^h*(?`F [$h ++++†ii
`h%r&< hr%f * r0&h m^o^N z r w 0- Dk bpqbbgbjmil+ i^ pr`bpfŽk u`hv `lksbodbmrkqr^ijbkqb e^`f^ rk^ crk`fŽk iŒjfqbonrb bp `bol bk qlal mrkql abi fkqbos^il`boo^al ZN+0\- Dk i^ cfdro^ 00-1 pb e^k obmobpbkq^alilp mofjbolp q‹ojfklp abi^ pr`bpfŽk- K^ fkqbdo^iab Fi bk bi fkqbos^il ZN+0\ sfbkb a^a^ mlo
d/ dg i '0 , s0'i)gY/ i` &s'_s < i s&g+ s0o_s < , ,,,,, < ,,,-l i l 1 h * 0 l /%h * 0(
Olo `lkpfdrfbkqb qbkbjlp ifj D`h%r& ^r < 0+ mbol d ifj `h%r&^r < N- Cf`elj\kk j\nk
ab lqol jlal+ bi iŒjfqbab i^p fkqbdo^ibpkl bp fdr^i ^ i^ fkqbdo^iabi iŒjfqb-Dpqb
'0+ 0(
ss
EHFTQ@ 00-0 Pp^`nd‡i _` api^dji`n ^jiodip\n^ji Xpi^dƒi g…hdo_dn^jiodip\,
EHFTQ@ 00-1 Pp^`nd‡i _` api^dji`n k\m\g\ lp` d*x N `i il+ 0\ k`mjEdi ,* 0 ^p\i_j i x ll-
bgbjmil morb_^ nrb i^p alp lmbo^`flkbp ab ~m^pl ^i iŒjfqb‚ b ~fkqbdo^`fŽk‚ klpfbjmob plk fkqbo`^j_f^_ibp- 'Ubo q^j_f‹k ilp bgbo`f`flp 06 u 07 ab i^ pb``fŽk00-6(
Fblodb F- Rqlhbp '0708,08/2(+ Oefiifm K- s- Rbfabi '0710,0785(+ v J^oiVbfbopqo^ppcrbolk ilp mofjbolp bk `ljmol_^o nrb pb kb`bpfq^_^ ^idrk^ `lkaf`fŽk
?ihp_la_h]c[ ohc`ilg_ ^_ mo]_mcih_m_ `oh]cih_m 408
^af`flk^i m^o^ grpqfcf`^o bi fkqbo`^j_fl ab bp^p lmbo^`flkbp- Dk 0737+ Rqlhbp uRbfabi 'fkabmbkafbkqbjbkqb v `^pf ^i jfpjl qfbjml( fkqolargbolk rk `lk`bmql^elo^ ii^j^al ]ihp_la_h]c[ ohc`ilg_ v abjlpqo^olk nrb m^o^ rk^ pr`bpfŽk rkfclo,jbjbkqb `lksbodbkqb i^p lmbo^`flkbp ab m^pl ^i iŒjfqb b fkqbdo^`fŽk mrbabk fkqbo,`^j_f^opb- LŠp q^oab Vbfbopqo^pp abjlpqoŽ nrb bi `lk`bmql bp ab do^k fjmloq^k,`f^ bk @kŠifpfp prmboflo- Dk i^ Rb``fŽk moŽufj^ fkqolar`fjlp bi `lk`bmql v abjlp,qo^jlp pr obi^`fŽk `lk i^ `lkqfkrfa^a u i^ fkqbdo^`fŽk-
))&* Blksbodbk`f^ rkfclojb QR`bPR`V\[R`QRSb[PV\[R`
Rb^ vaiw rk^ pr`bpfŽk nrb `lksbodb mrkqr^ijbkqb bk rk `lkgrkql R e^`f^ rk^crk`fŽk iŒjfqb `+ Rbd•k i^ abcfkf`fŽk ab iŒjfqb+bpl pfdkfcf`^ nrb m^o^ `^a^ s ab Rv m^o^ `^a^ ’ = N bufpqb rk bkqbol J) nrb abmbkab ab s v ab b+ q^i nrbE`h%r&* x%r&.; ’ `lk q^i nrb h w J+ Rf bi jfpjl J pfosb m^o^ ni^im ilp mrkqlp rab R+ bkqlk`bp i^ `lksbodbk`f^ pb ii^j^ ohc`ilg_ bk R- Dpql bp+ qbkbjlp i^ pf,drfbkqb
CDEHMHBHˆM- Qh[ mo]_mcƒh _ `oh]cih_m vaiw m_ff[g[ ohc`ilg_g_hn_ ]ih*p_la_hn_ b[]c[ ` _h oh ]ihdohni Q pf j[l[ ni^i C = M _rcmn_oh J %^_j_h^c_hn_n[hmƒfi ^_ D( n[f ko_ h ƒ J cgjfc][
E`h%r&* `%r&.; C j[l[ ni^i r ^_ R-
Arjl_m[gim mcg\ƒfc][g_hn_ _mi _m]lc\c_h^i
d9x ` ohc`ilg_g_hn_ _h R-
EHFTQ@ 00-2 Pdbidad^\_j b`jh„omd^j _` g\ ^jiq`mb`i^d\ pidajmh`, Rf i 19 K* oj_\ g\ bmƒad^\_` ^\_\ ~| `noƒ ndop\_\ \ _dno\i^d\ h`ijm lp` C _` g\ bmƒad^\ _` g\ api^d‡i gdhdo` `+
Br^kal i^p crk`flkbp ai plk ab s^ilobp ob^ibp+ bufpqb rk^ fkqbomobq^`fŽk dbl,j‹qof`^ pbk`fii^ ab i^ `lksbodbk`f^ rkfclojb- K^ abpfdr^ia^a `h%r&* `%r& ; C bpbnrfs^ibkqb ^i m^o ab abpfdr^ia^abp
a&s' + ’ :ai&s' :a&s' * ’-
41/ Pp^`ndji`n v n`md`n_` api^dji`n
Rf ‹pq^pplk `fboq^pm^o^qlal i $8<Ju qlal s ab R+bkqlk`bp qla^ i^ doŠcf`^ab dz`loobpmlkafbkqb ^ R bpqŠbk rk^ _^ka^ ab ^iqro^ 1iN pfj‹qof`^jbkqb pfqr^a^ obp,mb`ql ab i^ doŠcf`^ab d,`ljl pb fkaf`^ bk i^ cfdro^ 00-2-
))&+ 8\[cR_TR[PVNb[VS\_ZRe P\[aV[bVQNQ
Cbjlpqo^jlp ^ `lkqfkr^`fŽk nrb i^ `lksbodbk`f^ rkfclojb qo^kpjfqb i^ `lk,qfkrfa^a ab ilp q‹ojfklp ab i^ pr`bpfŽk vaiw ^ i^ crk`fŽk iŒjfqb`+
RCMPCK? 00-0- Pd cy w a pidajmh`h`io` `i pi dio`mq\gj R u ^\_\ api^d‡iai `n ^jiodip\ `i ^\_\ kpioj k _` R+g\ api^d‡i g…hdoa o\h]d„i `n ^jiodip\ `i k,
@_gimcl[]c•h+ Ool_^objlp nrb m^o^ qlal C = N bufpqb rk bkqlokl J%j&q^i nrb Fa&s' + a&k' G; C pfbjmob nrb s C K&k' h R- Rf C = N bpqŠa^al+ bufpqbrk bkqbol J q^i nrb i x K fjmif`^
Fai&s' + a&s'/ ; y m^o^qlal s ab R-2
Orbpql nrb aK bp `lkqfkr^ bk j) bufpqbrk bkqlokl J%j& q^i nrb
Gyr't( , aK&M' G; z m^o^qlal r ab K&k' i R -
Olo il q^kql+m^o^qlal s ab J%j& h R+ qbkbjlp
Fa&s' + a&k' G< Fa&s' + a**&s' * a**&s' + a**&k' * aq&k' + a&k' G99::
8899Fa&s' + aq&s' G* Gbr't( , aK&M'G* Faq&k' + a&k' G-
Orbpql nrb `^a^ q‹ojfkl abi pbdrkal jfbj_ol bp ; iN.2+ bk`lkqo^jlpFa&s' + a&k' G; D+ il `r^i `ljmibq^ i^ abjlpqo^`fŽk-
Di qblobj^ ^kqboflo qfbkbrk^ ^mif`^`fŽk fjmloq^kqb ^ i^p pbofbpab crk`flkbp-Rf ilp s^ilobp ab i^p crk`flkbp ai&s' plk prj^p m^o`f^ibpab lqo^p crk`flkbp+ mlobgbjmil+
i
ai&s' < I pf&s' *Q_R
v pf gz x ` mrkqr^ijbkqb bk R+qbkbjlp bkqlk`bp
;HM
a&s' < ifj ai&s' <Hpgs'h*K?& ,f;g
@jiq`mb`i^d\ pidajmh` ` dio`bm\^d‡i 410
m^o^ `^a^ s ab R- Dk bpqb `^pl+ pb af`b nrb i^ pbofb EfEf lksbodb mrkqr^ijbkqbe^`f^ i^ crk`fŽk prj^ `+ Rf d8x ` rkfclojbjbkqb bk R+ab`fjlp nrb i^ pbofb Gg-f
`lksbodb rkfclojbjbkqb e^`f^ `+ Rf `^a^ q‹ojfkl p*bp rk^ crk`fŽk `lkqfkr^ bk rkmrkql k ab R+`^a^ prj^ m^o`f^i ai q^j_f‹k bp `lkqfkr^ bk k `lk il nrb+ bk sfoqraabi qblobj^ 00-0+ l_qbkbjlp bi pfdrfbkqb `loli^ofl-
RCMPCK? 00-1- Rf pi\ n`md` _` api^dji`n GEEe ^jiq`mb` piddjmh„h`io`c\^d\ g\ api^d‡i nph\ a `i pi ^jiepioj R+u pf ^\_\ o„mhdij p* `n ^jiodipj `i pikpioj k _` R+ g\ nph\Z o\h]d„i `n ^jiodip\ `i k,
Kjo\8 S^j_f‹k mlabjlp bumobp^o pfj_Žif`^jbkqb bpqb obpriq^al bp`of_fbkal
JA AC
ifj GEEe%T&<Gifj .Ex)+%r&+T**$;*dF 9.: f;g T*!$F&
Dumobp^jlp bpql af`fbkal nrb m^o^ rk^ pbofb rkfclojbjbkqb `lksbodbkqb mlabjlp fkqbo,`^j_f^o bi pŒj_lil ab m^pl ^i iŒjfqb `lk bi ab prj^`fŽk+ l nrb mlabjlp m^p^o ^iiŒjfqb q‹ojfkl ^ q‹ojfkl-
))&, 8\[cR_TR[PVNb[VS\_ZRR V[aRT_NPVp[
Di pfdrfbkqb qblobj^ abjrbpqo^ nrb i^ `lksbodbk`f^ rkfclojb klp mbojfqbfkqbo`^j_f^o bi pŒj_lil ab fkqbdo^`fŽk `lk bi ab m^pl ^i iŒjfqb-
RCMPCK? 00-2- Ppkjib\hjn lp` Xz x a pidajmh`h`io` `i pi dio`mq\gjX\* ]Z* v lp` ^\_\ api^d‡i ai `n ^jiodip\ `i X\* ]Z, A`adi\hjn pi\ ip`q\ np^`nd‡ivbiw h`_d\io`
pf r D W[) \Y )
u kjib\hjn
b&s' < oa&o'_o ,
Bioji^`n bi x d pidajmh`h`io` `i X\* ]Z, Pdh]‡gd^\h`io`* o`i`hjn
ifj nai&o'_o < I!&ifj ai&o' _o ,k,b `l \ \ ^ ,p `l
A`hjnom\^d‡i, K^ abjlpqo^`fŽk bp jrv pbk`fii^- C^al C = N+bufpqb rk bk,qbol J q^i nrb i x J fjmif`^
ai&o' + a&o' ; \C\
I'Hm^o^ qlal o ab W[) \Y +
.++ Pp^`ndji`n v n`md`n _` api^dji`n
Krbdl+ pf r D W[)\Y u pfk z J) qbkbjlp
Ea††%r&* a%r&G< G&URŠŠ&o'+ a&o~_o G888899G]/aŠŠ&o'+ a&o'/_o ; &][‹[ _o < b +, G\ \ G\ ] + [
`lk 0/ nrb d-- z d rkfclojbjbkqb bk W•)\Y+
Nqo^ sbw+ ljl `loli^ofl+ qbkbjlp rk obpriq^al ^kŠildl m^o^i^p pbofbp:
RCMPCK? 00-3- Ppkjib\hjn lp` pi\ n`md` _` api^dji`n HQf ^jiq`mb` pid+ajmh`h`io` c\^d\ g\ api^d‡i nph\ a `i pi dio`mq\gj X\* \Y) nd`i_j ^\_\ Rf ^ji+odip\ `i X\* \Y+ Pd s C X\* \Y) _`adidhjn
v b&s' <FUa&o'_o ,
Bioji^`n d-- z d pidajmh`h`io` `i X\* \Y+ Ad^cj _` jomj hj_j* o`i`hjn
zzfGFUpf&o'_o <FU xx HGpdo' _o
j
A`hjnom\^d‡i, @mifnrbjlp bi qblobj^ 00-2 ^ i^ pr`bpfŽk ab prj^p m^o`f^ibpvFiw a^a^ mlo
,+ j
.††&o'< I pf&o'*f;/
v l_pbosbjlp nrb Pxa,,&o'_o < If;/ Px pf&o'_o,
Blk cob`rbk`f^ bi qblobj^ 00-3 pb bumobp af`fbkal nrb rk^ pbofbrkfclojb,jbkqb `lksbodbkqb mrbab fkqbdo^opbq‹ojfkl ^ q‹ojfkl-
00+-4 G[N `lkaf`fŽk prcf`fbkqb ]N_N i^ `lksbodbk`f^ rkfclojb
Vbfbopqo^ppfkaf`Ž rk `ofqbofl m^o^ mol_^o nrb `fboq^p pbofbpplk rkfclojb,jbkqb `lksbodbkqbp- Di `ofqbofl bp ^mif`^_ib pfbjmob nrb i^ pbofba^a^ mrba^ pboaljfk^a^ mlo rk^ pbofbkrj‹of`^ ab q‹ojfklp mlpfqfslp-
Ri\ ^ji_d^d‡i npad^d`io` k\m\ g\ ^jiq`mb`i^d\ pidajmh` 301
SDNQDL@ 00-4- BQHSDQHN L CD VDHDQRSQ@RR- A\_\ pi\ n`md` _` api^dji`nJ Qh lp` ^jiq`mb` kpiop\gh`io` c\^d\ pi\ api^d‡i a `i pi ^jiepioj R- Pd `sdno`pi\ n`md` iph„md^\ ^jiq`mb`io` _` o„mhdijn kjndodqjn J J i o\g lp`
l 49 gpi&s'd 49J9 k\m\ oj_j i ƒ 0 V oj_j s _` R+
`ioji^`n g\ n`md` K Qh ^jiq`mb` pidajmh`h`io` `i R-
A`hjnom\^d‡i, Di `ofqbofl ab `ljm^o^`fŽk morb_^ nrb i^ pbofb I pi&s' `lk,sbodb ^_plirq^jbkqb m^o^ `^a^ s ab R- O^o^ `^a^ s ab R+qbkbjlp
Orbpql nrb i^ pbofb HJ-^ `lksbodb+ m^o^ `^a^ ’ = N bufpqbrk bkqbol K q^i nrbi ƒ K fjmif`^
NB
J J-^ ; p -fxi)g
Dpql morb_^ nrb
m^o^qlal i ƒ J Xqlal s ab R- Olo il q^kql+i^ pbofbK Qh `lksbodb rkfclojbjbkqbe^`f^ ` bk R-
K^ abofs^`fŽk q‹ojfkl ^ q‹ojfkl ab rk^ pbofbcrk`flk^i `r^inrfbo^ bp ^prkqljŠp abif`^al+ bk `r^kql ^ i^ `lkpbos^`fŽk ab molmfba^abp+nrb i^ fkqbdo^`fŽkq‹o,jfkl ^ q‹ojfkl- Olo bgbjmil+ i^ pbofb Hwf'pbk is'-i0 `lksbodb m^o^qlal s^iloab s v^ nrb bp aljfk^a^ mlo K /-i0
Š @abjŠp+ i^ `lksbodbk`f^ bp rkfclojb bkqlal bi bgb ob^i- Ml l_pq^kqb+i^ pbofbl_qbkfa^ abofs^kal q‹ojfkl ^ q‹ojfkl bpH '`lp isoa i* v ‹pq^ _dq`mb` `r^kal s < N- Dpqbbgbjmil abjrbpqo^ nrb i^ abof,s^`fŽk q‹ojfkl ^ q‹ojfkl mrbab abpqorfo i^ `lksbodbk`f^+ ^rk `r^kal i^ pbofblofdfk^i pb^ rkfclojbjbkqb `lksbodbkqb- Olo `lkpfdrfbkqb+bi mol_ibj^ ab grpqf,cf`^o bi fkqbo`^j_fl ab i^p lmbo^`flkbp ab abofs^`fŽk v prj^`fŽk bp+bk dbkbo^i+jŠp pbofl nrb bk bi `^pl ab i^ fkqbdo^`fŽk-Blk bpqbbgbjmil bi ib`qlo mrbab `lj,mol_^o nrb i^p j^kfmri^`flkbp `loofbkqbp `lk prj^p cfkfq^pkl pfbjmob mrbabkbcb`qr^opb `lk pbofbp+fk`irpl bk bi `^pl bk nrb i^p pbofbpab nrb pb qo^qbpb^krkfclojbjbkqb `lksbodbkqbp- @ `lkqfkr^`fŽk kl obcbofjlp ^ rk^p pbofbpab crk,`flkbp ab qfml bpmb`f^i+ii^j^a^p pbofbpab mlqbk`f^p+nrb mrbabk j^kbg^opb bkjr`e^p l`^pflkbp `ljl pf crbo^k prj^p cfkfq^p-
413 Pp^`ndji`n t n`md`n_` api^dji`n
00-5 Rbofbpab mlqbk`f^p- BŒo`ril ab `lksbodbk`f^
Tk^ pbofbab i^ cloj^
\i&u + \o < ^l * \y&u+ \' * --- * \i&u + ^(! * ---q0-<l
pb ii^j^ pbofbab mlqbk`f^p ab u + \, Klp k•jbolp u* \* v ilp `lbcf`fbkqbp \9 plk`ljmibglp- Blk `^a^ pbofbab mlqbk`f^p bpqŠ^pl`f^al rk `Œo`ril+ ii^j^al ^…m^pgj_` ^jiq`mb`i^d\* q^i nrb i^ pbofb`lksbodb ^_plirq^jbkqb m^o^ qlal u fkqboflo ^ijfpjl+ v afsbodb m^o^ qlal u buqboflo-Di `bkqol abi `Œo`ril bp \ v pr o^afl m pb
QbdfŽk abafsbodbk`f^
EHFTQ@ 00-3 @…m^pgj_` ^jiq`mb`i^d\ _` pi\ n`md`_` kjo`i^d\n,
ii^j^ m\_dj _` ^jiq`mb`i^d\, 'Ubo cfdro^ 00-3-( Dk `^plp buqobjlp+ bi `Œo`rilmrbab obar`fopb ^ Gz plil mrkql \* bk `rvl `^pl m< N+N mrbab `lkpfpqfo bk qlalbi mi^kl `ljmibgl+ bk `rvl `^pl ab`fjlp nrb l < * ]_) K^ bufpqbk`f^abi `Œo`rilab `lksbodbk`f^ pb abjrbpqo^ bk bi qblobj^ 00-6-
Di `ljmloq^jfbkql ab i^ pbofbbk ilp mrkqlp colkqbo^ abi `Œo`ril kl mrbabmobab`fopb-Blk bgbjmilp pb sb nrb mrbab e^_bo `lksbodbk`f^ bk kfkdrkl+ bk^idrkl+ l bk qlalp ilp mrkqlp colkqbo^-
O^o^ do^k m^oqbab i^p pbofbpab mlqbk`f^p nrb bk i^ moŠ`qf`^pb mobpbkq^k+bio^afl ab `lksbodbk`f^ mrbab abqbojfk^opb jbaf^kqb bi `ofqbofl abi `l`fbkqb l biab i^ o^Œw+ljl bk ilp bgbjmilp nrb pfdrbk-
DIDLOKN 0- O^o^ e^ii^o bi o^afl ab `lksbodbk`f^ ab i^ pbofb ab mlqbk`f^pGui-i * ^mif`^jlp bi `ofqbofl abi `l`fbkqb- Rf u ;/; N+i^ o^wŽkab q‹ojfklp `lkpb,
`rqfslp qfbkb `ljl s^ilo ^_plirql
Gui)g h G Yv[
%h* 0( ui < h * 0 -
P`md`n _` kjo`i^d\n, @…m^pgj_` ^jiq`mb`i^d\ 414
Orbpql nrb bpqb `l`fbkqb qfbkab e^`f^ N `r^kal i x //+ iibd^jlp ^ i^ `lk`irpfŽkab nrb i^ pbofb `lksbodb ^_plirq^jbkqb m^o^ qlal `ljmibgl w ;/; N- S^j_f‹k `lk,sbodb m^o^ w < N+`lk il nrb bi o^afl ab `lksbodbk`f^ bp * ^`*
Orbpql nrb bi q‹ojfkl dbkbo^i ab rk^ pbofb `lksbodbkqb ab_b qbkabo ^ N+bi ob,priq^al abi bgbjmil ^kqboflo morb_^ nrb
]Thei,</[%\\ ;
m^o^ qlal w `ljmibgl- Dpql bp+h ~`ob`b jŠp oŠmfa^jbkqb‚ nrb i^ mlqbk`f^ k,pfj^ab `r^inrfbo k•jbol `ljmibgl w cfgl `r^kal i x ^j*
DIDLOKN 1- O^o^ ^sbofdr^o i^ `lksbodbk`f^ ab i^ pbofb i/1iui* rqfifw^jlpbi `ofqbofl ab i^ o^Œw-Sbkbjlp
&i/1i .wik(i.k < 2 Zw\i/-i ,,* 2 Zw\ r^kal i ,,* // +
v^ nrb i0-i < &i!-i'0 v i% ! x 0 `r^kal i x ll- Olo `lkpfdrfbkqb+ i^ pbofb `lk,sbodb ^_plirq^jbkqb pf Zw\; eu afsbod` pf Zw\= - Di o^afl ab `lksbodbk`f^ bp p-Dpq^ pbofb ab mlqbk`f^p afsbod` bk qlal mrkql colkqbo^ ab_fal ^ nrb+ pf Zw\< e+bi q‹ojfkl dbkbo^i qfbkb s^ilo ^_plirql i!,
DIDLOKN 2- O^o^ `^a^ rk^ ab i^p pbofbp uiai v uiai/) bi `ofqbofl abi`l`fbkqb klp af`b nrb bi o^afl ab `lksbodbk`f^ bp 0- K^ mofjbo^ afs`odb bk bimrkql colkqbo^ u < 0 mbol `lksbodb bk qlalp ilp abjŠp mrkqlp colkqbo^ 'sboRb``fŽk 0/-08(- K^ pbdrka^ pbofb `lksbodb bk qlal mrkql colkqbo^ mrbpql nrb bpaljfk^a^ mlo I 0. i!,
Sbojfk^jlp bpq^Rb``fŽk abjlpqo^kal nrb qla^ pbofb ab mlqbk`f^p mlp`b `Œo`r,il ab `lksbodbk`f^- K^ abjlpqo^`fŽk pb ^mlv^ `k bi qblobj^ pfdrfbkqb-
SDNQDL@ 00-5- Pd g\ n`md` _` kjo`i^d\n H\iui ^jiq`mb` `i pi kpioj w ;/; L*kjm `e`hkgj k\m\ w < YH&n` od`i`8
]( I\ n`md` ^jiq`mb` \]njgpo\h`io` k\m\ oj_j X nd`i_j Gvh; GXGG-_( I\ n`md` ^jiq`mb` pidajmh`h`io` `i oj_j _dn^j ^dm^pg\m_` ^`iomj `i N
u m\_dj O ; GX00-
A`hjnom\^d‡i, Orbpql nrb \iux `lksbodb+ pr q‹ojfkl dbkbo^i qfbkab e^`f^N `r^kal i x ^j* Dk m^oqf`ri^o+ g\iux/ ; i^ m^oqfoab rk `fboql i 1 K, Rb^ R rk`Œo`ril ab o^afl O* pfbkal N ; O ; HYHH-Pd Y D R X i 1 K* qbkbjlp Zw\9999::O v
alkab n < Gy h•
415 Pp^`ndji`n t n`md`n_` api^dji`n
Orbpql nrb N ; o ; 0+i^ pbofbG\iui bp aljfk^a^ mlo i^ pbofbdblj‹qof`^ `lk,sbodbkqbGo!, Dk sfoqra abi `ofqbofl L ab Vbfbopqo^pp+i^ pbofbG\iui `lksbodbrkfclojbjbkqb bk R- Dpql morb_^ ^(+ Di o^wlk^jfbkql morb_^ q^j_f‹k nrb i^pbofb G\iui `lksbodb ^_plirq^jbkqb m^o^ `^a^ w ab R- Obol v^ nrb `^a^ u q^inrb EtW ; HYii bpqŠbk rk `fboql `Œo`ril R ab o^afl O ; HYii+bpql morb_^ q^j_f‹ki^ m^oqb (-
SDNQDL@ 00-6- DWHRSDMBH@CD TM B†QBTKN CD BNMUDQFDMBH@- Pd g\ n`md`_` kjo`i^d\n G\iui ^jiq`mb` kjm gj h`ijn k\m\ pi w ;/; N+ kjm `e`hkgj k\m\Y < Yi+ X _dq`mb`kjm gj h`ijn k\m\ pi u*kjm `e`hkgj k\m\ Y < W0* `sdno` pi iˆ+h`mj m`\gkjndodqj mo\g lp` g\ n`md` jiq`mb` \]njgpo\h`io` nd Gvh; mt _dq`mb`ndGvh= m,
A`hjnom\^d‡i, Cbpfdkbjlp `lk > bi `lkgrkql ab qlalp ilp k•jbolp mlpfqfslpGv.m^o^ilp nrb i^ pbofbab mlqbk`f^p G\iui `lksbodb- Di `lkgrkql > kl bp s^`Œlv^ nrb+ mlo efmŽqbpfp+lkqfbkb GXhe-@pfjfpjl+ kfkd•k k•jbol ab = mrbab pboj^,vlo nrb 0zH'ab_fal ^i qblobj^ 00-5(- Krbdl+ GX1ebp rk^ `lq^ prmbofloab =+ Orbpqlnrb > bp rk `lkgrkql kl s^`Œl ab k•jbolp mlpfqfslp ^`lq^al prmboflojbkqb+ qfbkbbuqobjl prmboflo nrb abpfdk^jlp `lk m, Dp bsfabkqb nrb m< N v^ nrb m< GXhh-Dk sfoqra abi qblobj^ 00-5 kfkd•k k•jbol ab > mrbab prmbo^o^ m, Olo `lkpf,drfbkqb+i^ pbofbafsbodb pf Zw\= l+ Obol bp cŠ`fi abjlpqo^o nrb i^ pbofb`lksbodb\]njgpo\h`io` pf Gvh; m, Rf Gvh; m*bufpqbrk k•jbol mlpfqfsl ubk > q^i nrbGvh; s ; m,Rbd•k bi qblobj^ 00-5+i^ pbofbG\iui `lksbodb ^_plirq^jbkqb- Dpql`ljmibq^ i^ abjlpqo^`fŽk-
Bljl bp k^qro^i+bufpqbrk qblobj^ ^kŠildl m^o^pbofbpab mlqbk`f^p ab w , \nrb mrbab abar`fopb abi `^pl nrb ^`^_^jlp ab qo^q^o+fkqolar`fbkal bi `^j_fl abs^of^_ib Y < w , \, Di `Œo`ril ab `lksbodbk`f^ qfbkb pr `bkqol bk \* `ljl pb sbbk i^ cfdro^ 00-3-
00-6 Dgbo`f`flp
Dk ilp Dgbo`f`flp abi 0 ^i 05+abqbojfk^o bi o^afl ab `lksbodbk`f^ l ab i^p pbofbpab ml,qbk`f^p nrb pb a^k- Dk ilp Dgbo`f`flp abi 0 ^i 0/+ ^sbofdr^o i^ `lksbodbk`f^ bk ilp mrkqlpcolkqbo^ pf m bp cfkfql-
0-c87+T'U
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04- \i * n88 \< N+ ] = N-.f:.
\< N+] = N-
06- Rf Fi %r&< hr_*is0 m^o^ h < 0+ 1+ --- + v r ob^i+ abjlpqo^o nrb
ifj &Fai&s'_s :‹ 'Gifj ai&s' _s,k]NN >\ >\ hZK?8
Dpqb bgbjmil abjrbpqo^ nrb i^p lmbo^`flkbp ab fkqbdo^`fŽk v ab m^pl ^i iŒjfqb kl pfbj,mob mrbabk fkqbo`^j_f^opb-
07- Rb^ Eh%r&<'pbk isqoi* v m^o^ `^a^ r ob^i cfgl pb^ E%r&< ifjkzll Eh%r&+Cbjlpqo^o nrb
ifj ax&L' :‹ Z&'N(-hwKK
Dpqb bgbjmil morb_^ nrb i^p lmbo^`flkbp ab abofs^`fŽk v ab m^pl ^i iŒjfqb kl pfbjmobmrbabk fkqbo`^j_f^opb-
08- Cbjlpqo^o nrb i^ pbofb H9&<i'pbk is'-i0 `lksbodb m^o^ qlal ob^i s* v abpfdkbjlp prprj^ `lk E%r&+Cbjlpqo^o nrb E bp `lkqfkr^ bk ZN+&60!\+ X rqfifw^o bi qblobj^ 00-3 m^o^abjlpqo^o nrb
oa&s' _s < 1c&0i x 0(2 -J I5G
1/- Rb p^_b nrb
pf N99::s 8899/.P †
417 Pp^`ndji`n u n`md`n _` api^dji`n
Tqfifw^o bpq^ cŽojri^ v bi qblobj^ 00-3 m^o^ abar`fo i^p pfdrfbkqbp cŽojri^p
// &[/'i)/ /Q1
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))&0 C_\]VRQNQRQRYN Sb[PV\[R` _R]_R`R[aNQN`]\_ `R_VR_RNYRQR]\aR[PVN`
Dk bpq Rb``fŽk klp ifjfq^jlp ^ pbofbpm`\g`n _` kjo`i^d\n* bpql bp ^ pbofbpab i^cloj^ \i&u + \'i bk i^p nrb w+\ v ilp `lbcf`fbkqbp \9 plk qlalp k•jbolp ob^ibp-Dp`of_fobjlp s bk ird^o ab u* Di `Œo`ril ab `lksbodbk`f^ ifjfq^ bk bi bgbob^i rkfkqbos^il &\ + o+\ * o( pfj‹qof`l obpmb`ql^i mrkql \9 ^ q^i fkqbos^il 0/ ii^j^jlpdio`mq\gj _` ^jiq`mb`i^d\ ab i^ pbofbob^i ab mlqbk`f^p \i&s + \'i, Di k•jbol opb ii^j^ o^afl ab `lksbodbk`f^- 'U‹^pb cfdro^ 00-4(-
Cfsbodbk`f^Blksbodbk`f^ ^_plirq^
Cfsbodbk`f^
H'W \
EHFTQ@ 00-4 Fio`mq\gj _` ^jiq`mb`i^d\ _` pi\ n`md`m`\g _` kjo`i^d\n,
B^a^ pbofbob^i ab mlqbk`f^p abcfkb rk^ crk`fŽk prj^ `rvl s^ilo bk `^a^ sabi fkqbos^il ab `lksbodbk`f^ sfbkb a^al mlo
//
y&s' < H\i@s + \'! ,hwK
Rb af`b nrb i^ pbofbm`km`n`io\ g\ api^d‡i a bk bi fkqbos^il ab `lksbodbk`f^+v pb i^ abkljfk^ bi _`n\mmjggj `i n`md` ab a pbd•k i^p mlqbk`f^p ab \,
Dufpqbkalp mol_ibj^p _Špf`lp ^`bo`^ ab ilp abp^ooliilp bk pbofbab mlqbk`f^pnrb ^nrŒklp fkqbobp^k9
0( C^a^ i^ pbofb+e^ii^o molmfba^abpab i^ crk`fŽk prj^ `+1( C^a^ rk^ crk`fŽk o,sbo pf mrbab pbol kl obmobpbkq^amlo rk^ pbofbab
mlqbk`f^p- Qbpriq^ nrb pŽil ^idrk^p crk`flkbp bpmb`f^ibpmlpbbk abp^ooliil bk pbofbab mlqbk`f^p- Rfk bj_^odl Ni^ i^pb ab q^ibpcrk`flkbp `lkqfbkb i^ j^vlo m^oqbabilp bgbjmilp nrb pb mobpbkq^kbk i^ moŠ`qf`^+v mlo q^kql pr bpqrafl bp ab do^kfjmloq^k`f^- Ulis^jlp ^elo^ ^ i^ afp`rpfŽk ab i^ `rbpqfŽk 0(-
Di qblobj^ 00-5 klp af`b nrb i^ pbofbab mlqbk`f^p `lksbodb ^_plirq^jbkqbm^o^ `^a^ r abi fkqbos^il ^_fboql %[ * o+[ * l&) v nrb `lksbodb rkfclojbjbkqb
Mmjkd`_\_`n _` g\n api^dji`n m`km`n`io\_\n kjm n`md`n m`\g`n _` kjo`i^d\n 307
bk qlal pr_fkqbos^il `boo^al W[ * N) [ * NY) alkab N ; N ; l+ Orbpql nrb `^a^q‹ojfkl ab i^ pbofb ab mlqbk`f^p bp rk^ crk`fŽk `lkqfkr^ bk qlal bi bgb ob^i+obpriq^abi qblobj^ 00-1 nrb i^ crk`fŽk prj^ ` bp `lkqfkr^ bk qlal pr_fkqbos^il `boo^alX\ + O* \ * OZ* u mlo q^kql bk bi fkqbos^il ^_fboql &\ + m*\ * O', @pfjfpjl+bi qblobj^ 00-3 klp af`b nrb mlabjlp fkqbdo^o i^ pbofb ab mlqbk`f^p q‹ojfkl ^ q‹o,jfkl bk qlal pr_fkqbos^il `boo^al W[ * N) [ * NY+ Dpq^p molmfba^abp ab i^p crk,`flkbp obmobpbkq^a^p mlo pbofbp ab mlqbk`f^p nrba^k `lk`obq^a^p bk bi qblobj^
pfdrfbkqb-
RCMPCK? 00-7- Rf pi\ api^d‡i a `noƒ m`km`n`io\_\ kjm g\ n`md` _` kjo`i^d\n
'00-0(NB
a&s' < G\**&s+ \'ih:K
`i pi dio`mq\gj \]d`moj &\ + m*\ * m'* `n ^jiodip\ `i `n` dio`mq\gj* t np dio`bm\g`i ^p\glpd`m np] dio`mq\gj ^`mm\_j kp`_` ^\g^pg\mn` dio`bm\i_j g\ n`md` o„mhdij \o„mhdij, Bi k\mod^pg\m*k\m\ oj_j s _` &\ + m*\ * m'* o`i`hjn
Esa&o'_o < y \ia%U&o+ \'i _o < y y 'u , \'i)g\ I* \ I*i)/
I5: IR:
Di qblobj^ 00-7 q^j_f‹k abjrbpqo^ nrb bi o^afl ab `lksbodbk`f^ ab i^ pbofbfkqbdo^a^ bp mlo il jbklp fdr^i ^i ab i^ pbofb lofdfk^i- Cbjlpqo^objlp ^elo^ nrb^j_^p pbofbp qfbkbk bu^`q^jbkqb bi jfpjl o^afl ab `lksbodbk`f^- Cbjlpqobjlpmofjbol nrb rk^ pbofb ab mlqbk`f^p mrbab abofs^opb q‹ojfkl ^ q‹ojfkl bk bi fkqbofloab pr fkqbos^il ab `lksbodbk`f^-
RCMPCK? 00-8- P`\ a g\ api^d‡i m`km`n`io\_\ kjm g\ n`md` '00-0( `i `g dio`m+q\gj _` ^jiq`mb`i^d\ &\ + m*\ * m', Bioji^`n o`i`hjn8
^( I\ n`md` _`mdq\_\ HHz<0i\i&s + \'i+g od`i` o\h]d„i m\_dj _` ^jiq`m+b`i^d\ m,
_( I\ _`mdq\_\ o%&s'sdno` k\m\ ^\_\ s _`g dio`mq\gj _` ^jiq`mb`i^d\ t qd`i``skm`n\_\ kjm
a%&s'<Gi\i&s + ^o,hŠ
h:f
A`hjnom\^d‡i, O^o^ pfjmifcf`^o+ prmlkd^jlp bk i^ abjlpqo^`fŽk \ < N-Cbjlpqobjlp mofjbol nrb i^ pbofb abofs^a^ `lksbodb ^_plirq^jbkqb bk bi fkqbos^il
42/ Pp^`ndji`n t n`md`n_` api^dji`n
%*l) l&+Difg^jlp `r^inrfbo r mlpfqfsl q^i nrb N ; r ; l) v pb^ c rk k•jbol ml,pfqfsl q^i nrb N ; s ; s * b ; m, Dkqlk`bp i^p pbofbp_` a&s' v ab a&s* b& plk^_plirq^jbkqb `lksbodbkqbp- Krbdl+ mlabjlp bp`of_fo
'00-1( y&s * c' + y&s' [ x &s * c'i [ sic + J-+[i c
h:K
K^ pbofbabi pbdrkal jfbj_ol bp ^_plirq^jbkqb `lksbodbkqb v^ nrb bp rk^ `lj,_fk^`fŽk ifkb^i ab pbofbp`lksbodbkqbp- @ `lkqfkr^`fŽk ^mifnrbjlp bi qblobj^ abis^ilo jbafl m^o^bp`of_fo
&s * c'i + u! < ci^x+/ *
alkab s ; `8 ; s * c, Krbdl+ i^ pbofb '00-1( bp fa‹kqf`^ ^ &i pbofb
'00-2(//
w$h[ ]i+.x i ii;/
nrb ab_b pbo ^_plirq^jbkqb `lksbodbkqb+ mrbpql nrb i^ ab i^ fdr^ia^a 00-1 il bp-K^ pbofb'00-2( kl bp-v^ rk^ pbofbab mlqbk`f^p+mbol aljfk^ i^ pbofbab mlqbk`f^p1 i\,s!8%* `lk il nrb bpq^•iqfj^ pbofbab_b pbo^_plirq^jbkqb `lksbodbkqb m^o^bpb s^ilo ab s, Dpql abjrbpqo^ nrb bi o^afl ab `lksbodbk`f^ ab i^ pbofbabofs^a^1 i\*,s!+g bp mlo il jbklp fdr^i ^ m,Olo lqo^ m^oqb+bi o^afl ab `lksbodbk`f^ abi^ pbofbabofs^a^ kl mrbab bu`babo ^ m mlonrb bpq^pbofbabofs^a^ aljfk^ i^ lof,dfk^i 1 \is!, Dpql morb_^ i^ m^oqb (-
O^o^ abjlpqo^o i^ m^oqb_(+ pb^ d i^ crk`fŽk prj^ ab i^ pbofbabofs^a^:
//
b&s' < 1 i\hs!+/i;/
@mif`^kal bi qblobj^ 00-7 ^ d+mlabjlp fkqbdo^oq‹ojfkl ^ q‹ojfkl bk bi fkqbos^ilab `lksbodbk`f^ l_qbkfbkal
Il9 //
b&o'_o <1 \*9si <y&s' + \j ,l i;/
Orbpql nrb d bp `lkqfkr^+ bi mofjbo qblobj^ crka^jbkq^i abi BŠi`ril klp af`b nrb`$%r&bufpqbv bp fdr^i ^ a%r& m^o^`^a^ r abi fkqbos^il ab `lksbodbk`f^- Dpql ab,jrbpqo^ _(-
Kjo\o Orbpql nrb qla^ pbofb ab mlqbk`f^p 1 [))%r * [&{ mrbab l_qbkbopb abofs^kal prpbofb fkqbdo^a^+1 [+%r * [&{(E,%h* 0(+ bi qblobj^ 00-8 klp af`b nrb i^p alp pbofbpqfbkbk bi jfpjl o^afl ab `lksbodbk`f^-
Mmjkd`_\_`n _` g\n api^dji`n m`km`n`io\_\n kjm n`md`n m`\g`n _` kjo`i^d\n 31/
Klp qblobj^p 00-7 v 00-8 grpqfcf`^k i^p j^kfmri^`flkbp cloj^ibp ab i^Rb``fŽk 0/-7 bk alkab l_qrsfjlp s^oflp abp^ooliilp bk pbofbab mlqbk`f^prqfifw^kali^ abofs^`fŽk v i^ fkqbdo^`fŽkq‹ojfkl ^ q‹ojfkl ab i^ pbofbdblj‹qof`^- Dk m^o,qf`ri^o+bpqlp qblobj^p bpq^_ib`bk i^ s^ifabw ab ilp abp^ooliilp
r & 0'isi)gild 'i * r& < !&!,,,!,,
H i)/h:K
u Jll&[g'is0i)/
^o`q^k s < +/h * .
hwK
pfbjmob nrb s bpq‹ bk bi fkqbos^il ^_fboql 0 ; s ; 0-Bljl rk^ `lkpb`rbk`f^ jŠp abi qblobj^ 00-8+ l_qbkbjlp nrb i^ crk`fŽk
prj^ ab rk^ pbofbab mlqbk`f^p qfbkb abofs^a^p ab oj_j loabk v nrb mrbabk pbo`^i`ri^a^p mlo abofs^`fŽk obfqbo^a^q‹ojfkl ^ q‹ojfkl ab i^ pbofb ab mlqbk`f^p-Rf F&s' < H\i&s + \'i v abofs^jlp bpq^cŽojri^ f sb`bp v mlkbjlp irbdl s < \bk bi obpriq^al+ bk`lkqo^jlp nrb x9e&%[&< fd\• `lk il `r^i bi `lbcf`fbkqb h,‹pfjl[e sfbkb a^al mlo i^ cŽojri^
afg&\'[ * ** m^o^ f < 0+1+2+----
! f + e
Dpq^cŽojri^ q^j_f‹k bp sŠifa^ m^o^ f < N pf fkqbomobq^jlpF&L'&\'ljl a`\', @pŒmrbp+bi abp^ooliil ab . bk pbofbab mlqbk`f^p qfbkb i^ cloj^,--%..+1& a&s' < xaf'&\' &s [ \'f,
H e Q5>
Dpq^molmfba^a mrbab clojri^opb `ljl rk o`jm`h\ _` pid^d_\_ m^o^ilp abp^ool,iilp bk pbofbab mlqbk`f^p-
RCMPCK? 00-0/- Pd _jn n`md`n _` kjo`i^d\n I \i&s + \'! v I ]**&s+ \'!od`i`i g\ hdnh\ api^d‡i nph\ . `i pi ^d`moj `iojmij _`g kpioj \* `ioji^`n g\n_jn n`md`nnji dbp\g`n o„mhdij \ o„mhdij9 `i m`\gd_\_* o`i`hjn \9 < ]9 < F&i'&\'-i k\m\ ^\_\ i 1 N-
K^ fdr^ia^a '00-3( abjrbpqo^ q^j_f‹k nrb i^p prj^p m^o`f^ibpab rk^ pbofbab mlqbk`f^p plk pbk`fii^jbkqb ilp mlifkljflp ab S^vilo ab i^ crk`fŽk prj^ bk bimrkql \, Dk lqo^p m^i^_o^p+pf rk^ crk`fŽk ` bp obmobpbkq^_ibmlo rk^ pbofbabmlqbk`f^p bk rk fkqbos^il %[ * l) [ * l&) bkqlk`bp i^ pr`bpfŽk ab mlifkljflp abS^vilo vQia&s9 \'w bkdbkao^a^ bk \ mlo a `lksbodb mrkqr^ijbkqb bk bpb fkqbos^ile^`f^ i^ crk`fŽk prj^ g,@abjŠp+ i^ `lksbodbk`f^ bp rkfclojb bk qlal pr_ fkqbos^il`boo^al abi fkqbos^il ab `lksbodbk`f^-
421 Pp^`ndji`n t n`md`n _` api^dji`n
00-8 Rbofbab S^vilo dbkbo^a^ mlo rk^ crk`fŽk
Ulis^jlp ^elo^ ^i pbdrkal mol_ibj^ nrb prodfŽ ^i `ljbkw^o i^ Rb``fŽk mob,`babkqb- Dpql bp+a^a^ rk^ crk`fŽk o,^sbofdr^o pf bp l kl abp^oolii^_ib bk pbofbab mlqbk`f^p bk rk `fboql fkqbos^il ^_fboql bk qlokl ^i mrkql \,
R^_bjlp mlo il nrb pb ^`^_^ ab abjlpqo^o nrb q^i crk`fŽk ab_b qbkbokb`b,p^of^jbkqb abofs^a^p ab qlal loabk bk rk `fboql fkqbos^il ^_fboql bk qlokl ^imrkql \ v nrb ilp `lbcf`fbkqbp ab pr abp^ooliil bk pbofbab mlqbk`f^p plk ilp a^alpmlo i^ fdr^ia^a '00-3(- Rrmlkd^jlp+ bkqlk`bp+ nrb m^oqfjlp ab rk^ crk`fŽk `nrb qbkd^ abofs^a^p ab `r^inrfbo loabk bk rk fkqbos^il ^_fboql bk qlokl ^i mrk,ql \, Cfobjlp nrb rk^ q^i crk`fŽk bp diadido\h`io` abofs^_ib bk bpb fkqbos^il+ Ol,abjlp bkqlk`bp ajmh\m i^ pbofbab mlqbk`f^p
// d%ef%[&'00-4( z ,, &s+ \g}
H e Q_>
Dpq^ pb ii^j^ n`md` _` Q\tgjm b`i`m\_\ kjm a `i \, Elojribjlp ^elo^ alp mob,drkq^p9 ƒBlksbodb bp^ pbofbm^o^ `r^inrfbo lqol r afpqfkql abi r < [< Rf bp ^pŒ+ƒpr prj^ bp fdr^i ^ `%r&< @rknrb plomobka^+i^ `lkqbpq^`fŽk ^ bp^p mobdrkq^pbp+bk dbkbo^i+~kl‚- K^ pbofbmrbab pbo l kl `lksbodbkqb m^o^s ;/; \ v+ pf il bp+prprj^ mrbab l kl `lfk`fafo `lk `%r&+Dk bi Dgbo`f`fl 13 ab i^ Rb``fŽk 00-02 pb a^rk bgbjmil ab rk^ pbofbnrb `lksbodb e^`f^ rk^ prj^ afpqfkq^ab `%r&+
Tk^ `lkaf`fŽk kb`bp^of^ v prcf`fbkqb m^o^ mlabo `lkqbpq^o ^cfoj^qfs^jbkqbi^p alp mobdrkq^p+mrbab `lkpbdrfopb rp^kal i^ cŽojri^ ab S^vilo `lk obpql+nrba^ rk abp^ooliil adidoj ab i^ cloj^
wx9e&%[& e B &,'%..+3& e&s' < H++y9y+&s+ \' * i u -
f;L
K^ prj^ cfkfq^ bp bi mlifkljfl ab S^vilo ab do^al i dbkbo^al mlo ` bk \* vAh%r& bp bi boolo `ljbqfal ^i ^molufj^o ` `lk pr mlifkljfl ab S^vilo- Rf e^`bjlp00 ,* // bk '00-5(+ sbjlp nrb i^ pbofbab mlqbk`f^p '00-4( `lksbodboŠ e^`f^ `%r& pfv pŽil pf bi q‹ojfkl ab boolo qfbkab ^ N- Dk i^ Rb``fŽk nrb pfdrb e^`bjlp i^ afp`r,pfŽk ab rk^ `lkaf`fŽk prcf`fbkqbm^o^nrb bi q‹ojfkl ab boolo qfbka^ ^ N-
00-0/ Blkaf`fŽk prcf`fbkqb m^o^ i^ `lksbodbk`f^ ab rk^ pbofbab S^vilo
Dk bi qblobj^ 6-5 pb abjlpqoŽ nrb bi q‹ojfkl ab boolo bk i^ cŽojri^ ab S^vilomrbab bumobp^opbljl rk^ fkqbdo^i
%..+4& Bi&s' < 0, &!&s+ o'iy:i)gg&o' _oh G\ ,
A`n\mmjggjn `i n`md` _` kjo`i^d\n _` api^dji`n `skji`i^d\g t omdbjijh„omd^\n 311
bk `r^inrfbo fkqbos^il bk qlokl ^i mrkql \ bk bi nrb l7| pb^ `lkqfkr^- Olo `lk,pfdrfbkqb+pf ` bp fkabcfkfa^jbkqb abofs^_ib+qbkbjlp pfbjmob bp^ obmobpbkq^`fŽkabiboolo+`lk il nrb i^ pbofbab S^vilo `lksbodb e^`f^ `%r& pf v pŽil pf i^ fkqbdo^iqfbkab e^`f^ N `r^kal i x ^`*
K^ fkqbdo^ipb mrbab mlkbo bk rk^ cloj^ ^idl jŠp •qfi mlo jbafl ab rk `^j,_fl ab s^of^_ib- Dp`of_^jlp
o < s * &\ + s'p * _o < +&s + \' _p *
v l_pbosbjlp nrb p s^oŒ ab 0 ^ N `r^kal o s^oŒ ab \ ^ s, Olo q^kql+i^ fkqbdo^i'00-6( pb `lksfboqb bk
'00-7(%T \'i)g//Bi&s' < , p%/&i)g'Xs * &\ + s'pZ _p ,
h l
Dpq^cloj^ abi boolo klp mbojfqb a^o i^ pfdrfbkqb `lkaf`fŽk prcf`fbkqbm^o^i^ `lk,sbodbk`f^ ab rk^ pbofbab S^vilo-
RCMPCK? 00-00- Rf a `n diadido\h`io` _`mdq\]g` `i pi dio`mq\gj \]d`mojF < &\ + m*\ * m'* t nd `sdno` pi\ ^jino\io` kjndodq\ > o\g lp`
'00-8( Glj('t(0 y >i k\m\ i < 0+1+2+--- +
v oj_j s _` I* `ioji^`n g\ n`md` _` Q\tgjm b`i`m\_\ kjm a `i \ ^jiq`mb` c\^d\ a&s'k\m\ ^\_\ s _` g,
A`hjnom\^d‡i, Tqfifw^kal i^ abpfdr^ia^a '00-8( ab i^ cŽojri^ fkqbdo^i'00-7(+l_qbkbjlp i^ bpqfj^`fŽk
Zu \gi)/ // Zu \gi)/ >i)/ ?h)/M ; hC 't(0 ; , >i)/ pi _p < , < ,,,
+ i + i N &i)/' &i)g' %
bk alkab ? < >gs + ]h- Obol m^o^qlal ?* ?! Fi qfbkab ^ N `r^kal i x //+ ^pŒnrb Ah%r&w N m^o^`^a^ r ab f+
00-00 Cbp^ooliilp bk pbofbab mlqbk`f^pab i^p crk`flkbp bumlkbk`f^i v qofdlkl,j‹qof`^p
K^p crk`flkbp pbkl v `lpbkl v qla^p prp abofs^a^p bpqŠk^`lq^a^p mlo bi k•,jbol 0 bk qlal bi bgb ob^i- Olo `lkpfdrfbkqb+ i^ abpfdr^ia^a '00-8( bp sŠifa^ `lk
423 Oo]_mcih_mv m_lc_m_ `oh]cih_m
= < 0 pf `ur& < pbk r l pf `ur& < `lp r) v qbkbjlp ilp abp^ooliilp bk pbofb
s1 s3 s% U0i+/
pbk s < s + + * , , , * --- * ']0(k,i ,,, * --- +2 4 6 &0i + 0(
s/ s1 s3 s/h
`lp T < 0 , , * , , , * --- * %Z.&h * * ---+1 3 5 %/h&
sŠifalp m^o^qlal r ob^i- O^o^i^ crk`fŽk bumlkbk`f^i+ `ur& < _!) qbkbjlp l&ur& :z m^o^qlal r) ^pŒnrb bk `r^inrfbo fkqbos^il cfkfql %*l) o( qbkbjlp ``EF 949 mj Olo`lkpfdrfbkqb+ '00-8( pb p^qfpc^`bm^o^= < `!* Orbpql nrb o bp `r^inrfbo^+ bpql ab,jrbpqo^ nrb bi pfdrfbkqbabp^ooliil bk pbofbab mlqbk`f^pbp sŠifal m^o^qlal s ob^i9
s0 si
``EF;g)s)+)}}})+)}}},1 h
Klp ^kqboflobp abp^ooliilp bk pbofbpab mlqbk`f^p abi pbkl v abi `lpbkl pbmrbabk qlj^o `ljl mrkql ab m^oqfa^ ab rk bpqrafl `ljmibq^jbkqb ^k^iŒqf`lab i^p crk`flkbp qofdlklj‹qof`^p- Slj^kal bpq^ppbofbp ljl ^_`chc]cih_m abi pbklv abi `lpbkl+ bp mlpf_ib abar`fo pŽil ab bii^p qla^p i^p molmfba^abp^k^iŒqf`^pv^idb_o^f`^p ab i^p crk`flkbp qofdlklj‹qof`^p- Olo bgbjmil+ ab i^p pbofbppb ab,ar`bk fkjbaf^q^jbkqb i^p cŽojri^p9
pbk N < N+ `lp N < 0+ pbk %*r& < , pbk r) `lp ', r&: `lp r)
@ pbk r < `lp r) @ `lp r < , pbk r+
K^p cŽojri^p ab ^af`fŽk pb mrbabk l_qbkbo mlo jbafl abi pfdrfbkqb ^oqfcf`fl9pb^k p v q krbs^p crk`flkbp abcfkfa^p mlo i^p b`r^`flkbp9
our& < pbk %r* [& * pbk r `lp [ * `lp r pbk [)
pur& < `lp %r* [& * `lp r `lp [ * pbk r pbk [)
alkab [ bp rk k•jbol ob^i cfgl+v pb^ `ur& < XRvU'Z0 * Wpur|&/+Dkqlk`bp bp cŠ`fi`ljmol_^o nrb o$ur&< pur& u p$ur&< , our& u mlo q^kql `$ur&< N m^o^qlal r+Cb ^nrŒ obpriq^ nrb `ur& bp rk^ `lkpq^kqb+ v mrbpql nrb `uK&< N+e^ ab pbo`ur& < N m^o^qlal r+ Dpql fjmif`^ our& :pur& < N m^o^qlal u+l ab lqo^ cloj^9
pbk %r* [& < pbk r `lp [ * `lp r pbk [)
`lp %r * [& < `lp u`lp [ * pbk r pbk [+
Q`jm`h\ _` ?`mino`di 424
Di k•jbol 6S+ pb mrbab fkqolar`fo `ljl bi jbklo k•jbol mlpfqfsl q^i nrbpbk r < N 'pb mrbab mol_^o nrb bufpqb rk^ q^i r& v abpmr‹p pb mrbab mol_^onrb bi pbkl v bi `lpbkl plk mbofŽaf`^p`lk mboŒlal16S+ nrb pbk 'q6S( < 0+W nrb`lp ' 6S( < N- Klp abq^iibp+nrb kl pb bumlkaoŠk ^nrŒ+pb mrbabk bk`lkqo^o bkbi if_ol Qc`jmt \i_ >kkgd^\odji ./ Fiedido` P`md`n*mlo J- Jklmm 'Mrbs^ Xloh9G^ckbo+ 0840(-
r ))&)* FR\_RZN QR 7RZ`aRV[
Di qblobj^ ))&)) abjrbpqo^ nrb i^ pbofb ab S^vilo ab rk^ crk`fŽk ` `lk,sbodb pf i^ abofs^a^ k,pfj^ a&i' kl `ob`b jŠp oŠmfa^jbkqb ab i^ mlqbk`f^ k,pfj^ab rk `fboql k•jbol mlpfqfsl- Nqo^ `lkaf`fŽk prcf`fbkqbm^o^ i^ `lksbodbk`f^ crbclojri^a^ mlo bi j^qbjŠqf`l orpl RbodbfM- Abokpqbfk'077/,(-
SDNQDL@ 01-01- SDNQDL@ CD ADQMRSDHM- Pd` u oj_\n npn _`mdq\_\n nji iji`b\odq\n `i pi dio`mq\gj ^`mm\_j ZN+mG*noj `n* nd
a&s' ƒ M v
k\m\ ^\_\ s `i ZN+mGv ^\_\ i < 0+ 1+ 2+ --- + `ioji^`n* nd N z s ; m*g\ n`md`_` Q\tgjm
^jiq`mb` c\^d\ a&s',
A`hjnom\^d‡i, Di obpriq^al bp qofsf^i m^o^ s < N+ ^pŒnrb prmlkd^jlp nrbM ; s ; m,Tqfif`bjlp i^ cŽojri^ ab S^vilo `lk obpql m^o^bp`of_fo
'00-0/(h a&f'-L'
a&s' < !! ][, sf * Bi&s' ,J-- e Q5>
Cbjlpqo^objlp nrb bi q‹ojfkl ab boolo p^qfpc^`bi^p abpfdr^ia^abp
'00-00(
Dpql+ ^ pr sbw+morb_^ nrb Ah%r&w N `r^kal i x // mrbpql nrb bi `l`fbkqb%r,l&h(f w N `r^kal N ; r ; l+
425 Oo]_mcih_m v m_lc_m^_ `oh]cih_m
O^o^ abjlpqo^o '00-00(+ rqfifw^jlp i^ cloj^ fkqbdo^iabi boolo nrb, pb a^ bk'00-7( `lk [ < N9
si)/ d/
Aw%r&< ,, ohd%h(ff%r * ro& ^o +i% l
Dpq cŽojri^ bp sŠifa^ m^o^`^a^ r abi fkqbos^il `boo^al ZN+lY+ Rf r :B N+mlkbjlp
B %r& 0 c/
Bh%r&< ZhZ < , ohd%h(ff%r * ro& ^o +rh(. h l
K^ crk`fŽk l| bp jlkŽqlk^ `ob`fbkqbbk bi fkqbos^il ZN+o\ v^ nrb pr abofs^a^ bpkl kbd^qfs^- Olo `lkpfdrfbkqb+ qbkbjlp
d%h(f&%r * ro& < jhD&Wr%. * o&Yw jh(ffWl%. * o&Y
pf N z o w 0+ il `r^i &fjmif`^ nrb Bh%r&w Bh%l& pf N ; u z o- Cf`el ab lqoljlal+ qbkbjlp Ai%r&,r!(. w A))%l&,li(. l
'00-01( %r&h(.
A7h%r&w l Ah%l&+
Olkfbkal r < o bk i^ fdr^ia^a '00-0/(+ sbjlp nrb Ah%l&w `%l& mlonrb `^a^ q‹o,jfkl ab i^ prj^ bp kl kbd^qfsl- @mif`^kal bpql bk '00-01(+ l_qbkbjlp '00-00( il`r^i `ljmibq^ i^ abjlpqo^`fŽk-
))&)+ :WR_PVPV\`
O^o^ `^a^ rk^ ab i^p pbofbpab mlqbk`f^p ab ilp bgbo`f`flp 0 ^i 0/ abqbojfk^o bi `lkgrkqlab qlalp ilp s^ilobp ob^ibp s m^o^ ilp nrb `lksbodb v `^i`ri^o pr prj^- Klp abp^ooliilp bkpbofb ab mlqbk`f^p v^ sfpqlp mrbabk rqfifw^opb`r^kal `lksbkd^-
NB
0- ƒ']i(kt1k-
h:K
ƒll0is!5- ,-
ih:.
//
3- ‚ &+g'iisi,
h:K
z i9- 09-'9zk6- K-- /h * 0 /F +
h:K
‚ll &+g'is1i7- +
T(h:K
Be`m^d^djn .,0
x si
8- J---- %h* 2( -h:K
w%r * 0(!0/- J---- %h* 1( -
T_>
B^a^ rk^ ab i^p crk`flkbp ab ilp bgbo`f`flp abi 00 ^i 10 qfbkb rk^ obmobpbkq^`fŽk bkpbofb ab mlqbk`f^p ab s, Rrmrbpq^ i^ bufpqbk`f^ abi abp^ooliil+ `ljmol_^o nrb ilp `lbcf`fbkqbpqfbkbk i^ cloj^ a^a^+ v abjlpqo^o nrb i^ pbofb `lksbodb m^o^ ilp s^ilobp ab s fkaf`^alp-Br^kal `lksbkd^ mrbabk rqfifw^opb ilp abp^ooliilp v^ sfpqlp-
‚NN'ild \'i00- \T < ,,+ , u!+
T(h:K
H6> 'qlal s', XFi_d^\^d‡i8 \! < _!EKa[+Y
// U0i(/
/0, pbke u <•&0i * 0( 'qlal s',T_>
// 00i+/
02 pbk&&r < !! %Z.&h(. ** r/h 'qlal r&+ XFi_d^\^d‡i8 `lp /r < 0 , 1 pbk! r+Y- J---- %/h& h:.
0 y sh
03- 1 ] s < J---- /i)/T_>
] 1 ƒ6/ %ZE&hr/h.2+ ` s < +
T(T_>
'Gth ; 1(-
'qlal r&+
2 Kll 1/h * 005- pbk! r < , %*.&h(. T/h(.
1 %/h * 0( h:.
&g)U x s0i)/
06- ild z z <J---- 0i * 0T_>
'qlal r&+
'Gth ; 0(-
.5+ ZZ r ZZ < y y Y0\ %*/&hYrh0 * r * /r/ 2 J----
..+:.
'Gth ; f(•
XFi_d^\^d‡i8 0r,- * r * /r/& < 0.'0 , r& * i.N * /r&+Y
01 , 3s Kll ' %ZE&h&08- ,,,,, < 0 * ,, sh
5 , 3s + s/ 4hT_>
'ft[ ; 0(-
`b0 ] z !! /.P%h * 0( i
1/- 1 0 , ‘ {, ‚ pbk 2 ss * s *s 2 hwK
XFi_d^\^d‡i8 s1 + 0 < &s + /'&s0 * s * 0(-[
'Gth ; 0(-
427 Pp^`ndji`n t n`md`n _` api^dji`n
s 0 1//
' 0 , &[/'i'&(0 ,,,,, < , i * ,,,, si
z - '0 , r&%. * r/& 1 00<0 1
11- Cbqbojfk^ob0 `lb•`Œbkqb`pabi-abp^ooliil bk pbofb ab mlqbk`f^p pbk &0s * f6S( <H9&<l\isi,
12- Rb^ E%r&< '1 * ('1(4.-1 Cbqbojfk^o ilp `lbcf`fbkqbp \j* \g ,,, * \2 ab i^ pbofb ab S^vilo db•kbo^a^ mlo . bk N-
13- Rb^ E%r&:_*.,!! pf r !+ N+X 0'/( < l-^( Cbjlpqo^o nrb . qfbkb abofs^a^p ab qlal loabk bk qlal bi bgb ob^i-_( Cbjlpqo^o nrb y:i' < N m^o^ qlal i x 0- Dpqbbgbjmil morb_^ nrb i^ pbofb ab S^vilodbkbo^a^ mlo . bk qlokl ^i mrkql N `lksbodb bk qlal bi bgb ob^i+ mbol nrb obmobpbkqznjg\h`io` bk bi lofdbk-
'Gth; 0(-
))&), ER_VRQR]\aR[PVN e RPbNPV\[RQVSR_R[PVNYR`
@ sb`bp i^p pbofbpab mlqbk`f^pklp mbojfqbk l_qbkbo plir`flkbp ab b`r^`flkbpafcbobk`f^ibp`r^kal c^ii^k ilp lqolp j‹qlalp- Dk bi Ulirjbk 00 pb a^ rk^ afp`r,pfŽk pfpqbjŠqf`^abi bjmibl ab i^p pbofbpab mlqbk`f^pbk i^ qbloŒab i^p b`r^`flkbpafcbobk`f^ibpifkb^ibp ab pbdrkal loabk- @nrŒfirpqo^jlp `lk rk bgbjmil ^idrk^ abi^p fab^p v q‹`kf`^p obi^qfs^p^ bpqb^prkql-
Blkpfa‹obpb i^ b`r^`fŽk afcbobk`f^i ab pbdrkal loabk9
'00-02( '0 , s0&s! < */s+
Rrmlkd^jlp nrb bufpqbrk^ plir`fŽk+ pb^ v < `%r&)nrb pb mrbab bumobp^omlojbafl ab rk^ pbofbab mlqbk`f^pbk rk bkqlokl abi lofdbk+bp ab`fo9
'00-03(
Dk mofjbo ird^o pb e^k ab abqbojfk^o ilp `lbcf`fbkqbp \j* ]h= \0* ŠŠŠ
Tk^ j^kbo^ ab mol`babo bp i^ pfdrfbkqb9 Cbofs^kal '00-03( alp sb`bp+ pbl_qfbkb9
//
t! <Gh%h* f&[hrh*0 ,
i;0
Lriqfmif`^kal mlo 0 , s08 pb bk`rbkqo^9
'00-04()) ))
'0 , s0't! < Gh%h* .&[isi+0 + Gh%h* f&[isi
i;0 i;0
)) ))
< G%h* /&%h* f&[i)0si + Gh%h* f&[isii;L i;L
//
<GW_h* /&%h * f&[i)0 + h%h* f&[iYri ,T5>
P`md`n_` kjo`i^d\n v `^p\^dji`n _da`m`i^d\g`n 428
Rrpqfqrvbkal `^a^ rk^ ab i^p pbofbp '00-03( X '00-04( bk i^ b`r^`fŽk afcbobk`f^i pbl_qfbkb rk^ b`r^`fŽk nrb `lkqfbkb alp pbofbp ab mlqbk`f^p+ sŠifa^ bk rk bkqloklabi lofdbk- Dk sfoqra abi qblobj^ ab i^ rkf`fa^a+ bpq^p pbofbp ab mlqbk`f^p e^kab pbo fdr^ibp q‹ojfkl ^ q‹ojfkl+ v pbmrbabk fdr^i^o ilp `lbcf`fbkqbp ab si l_qb,kf‹kalpb i^p obi^`flkbp9
%h* /&%h* f&[i)0 + h%h* f&[i < */[i
l il nrb bp il jfpjl9
i/* i + 1 i + 1
\i)0 < &i * 0'&i * 0( \,9 < i * 1 \i ,
Dpq^p obi^`flkbp mbojfqbk abqbojfk^o \0* \,* \4* ŠŠŠ pr`bpfs^jbkqb+ ^ m^oqfoab \,99@kŠild^jbkqb+ pb mrbabk `^i`ri^o \n*\3* \m* ŠŠŠ ^ m^oqfoab \g%O^o^ ilp `lbcf`fbk,qbp ab Œkaf`b m^o pb qfbkb9
Klp `lbcf`fbkqbp fjm^obp plk9
0, 1 ,0^^ < ,, [f < , [f )
0 % 1 2
2,1 0 ',0(\ +++\ [[ l ++\4,2*11,4 2 i&
4,1 2 0 ',0( ,0\ +++\ ++%+%++\ +++\
6,4*14,64 2 0,6&40
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K^ fab^ ab bjmib^o rk k•jbol m^o^pfqr^ork mrkql bk rk^ ob`q^ crb `lkl`fa^mlo ilp ^kqfdrlp dofbdlp- Dk 0526 Cbp`^oqbpbuqbkafŽ bpq^fab^+rqfifw^kal rk j[lab k•jbolp &\g%\0' m^o^ pfqr^o rk mrkql bk bi mi^kl+ u rk^ o`mi\ ab k•jbolp&\g%\0 * \n' m^o^ pfqr^o rk mrkql bk bi bpm^`fl- Dk bi pfdil WHWilp j^qbj-Šqf`lp@- B^vibv '0710,0784( v G- F- Fo^ppj^kk '07/8,0766( mol_^olk nrb kl bo^ kb,`bp^ofl abqbkbopbbk i^p qbok^p ab k•jbolp- Rb mrbab q^j_f‹k `lkpfabo^o rk^^p\o`mi\ ab k•jbolp &\g%\0 * \n *\2' l+ jŠp dbkbo^i+rk^ h*jf[ ab k•jbolp ob^ibp
&\g%\0 * Š Š Š * \h&
Bg `nk\^dj q`^ojmd\g_` g\n i+kg\n _` iˆh`mjn m`\g`n 436
m^o^ qlal bkqbol i ƒ 0- Tk^ q^i i+kg\ pb ii^j^ kpioj i+_dh`indji\g l q`^ojm i+_dh`indji\g* pfbkal ilp k•jbolp \g *\9 *,,, ,\9 i^p ^jjm_`i\_\n l ^jhkji`io`nabi sb`qlo- Di `lkgrkql ab qlalp ilp sb`qlobp i+_dh`indji\g`n pb ii^j^ `nk\^djq`^ojmd\g_` i+kg\n*l pfjmibjbkqb i+`nk\^dj, Kl abpfdk^jlp `lk SiŠ
Orbab mobdrkq^obi ib`qlo bi jlqfsl mlo bi `r^i bpq^jlp fkqbobp^,alpbk bpm^,`flp ab afjbkpfŽk j^vlo nrb qobp-Tk^ `lkqbpq^`fŽk bp nrb jr`elp mol_ibj^pnrb prmlkbk bi bpqrafl ab pfpqbj^p ab rk k•jbol do^kab ab b`r^`flkbp pb ^k^if,w^k `lk j^vlo c^`fifa^a fkqolar`fbkal sb`qlobp bk rk k,bpm^`fl `lksbkfbkqb vobbjmi^w^kal qla^p ^nrbii^p b`r^`flkbp mlo rk^ pli^ b`r^`fŽk sb`qlof^i- Nqo^sbkq^g^ bp i^ ab nrb mlabjlp qo^q^oab rk^ sbw+jr`e^p molmfba^abp`ljrkbp ^ilp bpm^`flp ab rk^+ alp+ qobpl jŠp afjbkpflkbp+ bpql bp+molmfba^abpfkabmbk,afbkqbpab i^ afjbkpflk^ifa^a abi bpm^`fl- Dpql bpqŠab ^`rboal `lk bi bpmŒofqrabi^ jlabok^ j^qbjŠqf`^ nrb c^`fifq^ bi abp^ooliil ab j‹qlalp ab ^jmif^p pŒkqbpfpm^o^^q^`^o afpqfkqlpmol_ibj^p ab j^kbo^ pfjriqŠkb^-
Cbpdo^`f^a^jbkqb+ i^p obmobpbkq^`flkbpdblj‹qof`^p nrb plk rk^ do^k ^vra^bk i^ firpqo^`fŽkv grpqfcf`^`fŽkab `lk`bmqlp pl_ob sb`qlobp+`r^kal i < 0+1+X 2+kl mrbabk rqfifw^opb r^kal i = 2: mlo biil+ bi bpqrafl abi @idb_o^sb`qlof^i bkbpm^`flpab jŠp ab qobpafjbkpflkbp ab_b e^`bopb mlo bkqbol `lk jbaflp ^k^iŒqf`lp-
Dk bpqb`^mŒqrilabpfdk^jlp loafk^of^jbkqb ilp sb`qlobp `lk ibqo^pj^v•p`r,i^p >* ?* a+ --- +u ilp `ljmlkbkqbp `lk i^p `loobpmlkafbkqbpjfk•p`ri^p \* ]* `* ,,,@pŒ+bp`of_fjlp
O^o^`lksboqfo Sh bk rk^ bpqor`qro^ ^idb_o^f`^+fkqolar`fjlp i^ dbp\g_\_ ab sb`ql,obp v alp lmbo^`flkbp i^ \_d^d‡i ab sb`qlobp v i^ hpgodkgd^\^d‡i kjm `n^\g\m`n,K^ m^i^_o^ ~bp`^i^o‚ pb rqfifw^ ^nrŒ`ljl pfkŽkfjl ab ~k•jbol ob^i‚-
CDEHMHBHˆM- Ajn q`^ojm`n > v ? _` Si nji dbp\g`n nd`hkm` lp` ^jdi^d_`inpn ^jhkji`io`n, Bnoj `n*pf > < &\g%\0 * ŠŠŠ * \i' v ? < '_h Š]0 * ŠŠŠ * ]i'* g\ `^p\+^d‡i q`^ojmd\g> < ? od`i` `s\^o\h`io` `g hdnhj ndbidad^\_j lp` g\n i `^p\^dji`n`n^\g\m`n
I\ nph\ > * ? n` _`adi` ^jhj `g q`^ojm j]o`id_j nph\i_j gjn ^jhkji`io`n ^j+mm`nkji_d`io`n8
Rf ` `n pi `n^\g\m*_`adidhjn ^> j >^ ^jhj `g q`^ojm j]o`id_j hpgodkgd^\i_j ^\_\^jhkji`io` _` > kjm `8
.-1 €gb`]m\ q`^ojmd\g
O^oqfbkal ab bpq^abcfkf`fŽk bp cŠ`fi `ljmol_^o i^p pfdrfbkqbpmolmfba^abpabbp^p lmbo^`flkbp9
RCMPCK? 01-0- I\ \_d^d‡i _` q`^ojm`n `n ^jihpo\odq\,
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t \nj^d\odq\*
= * %>* B( < %=* >& * B-
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v n\odna\^` g\n _jn g`t`n _dnomd]podq\n
^&>* ?' < ^> * ^?* u &^* _'> < ^> * _> ,
K^p abjlpqo^`flkbp ab bp^p molmfba^abp plk `lkpb`rbk`f^ fkjbaf^q^ ab i^abcfkf`fŽk u pb abg^k `ljl bgbo`f`fl m^o^ bi ib`qlo-
Di sb`qlo `lk qlalp ilp `ljmlkbkqbp N pb ii^j^ q`^ojm ^`mj v pb obmobpbkq^`lk N- Sfbkb i^ molmfba^a ab nrb > * N < > m^o^ qlal sb`qlo >9 af`el ablqol jlal+ N bp rk bibjbkql kbrqol l fa‹kqf`l m^o^ i^ ^af`fŽk ab sb`qlobp- Disb`qlo ', g'> nrb q^j_f‹k pb obmobpbkq^lk , > pb ii^j^ bi jkp`noj ab >, S^j,_f‹k bp`of_fjlp > + ? bk ird^o ab > * ', ?' Xil ii^j^jlp _da`m`i^d\ ab > u ?,K^ b`r^`fŽk %=* >& * > < = abjrbpqo^ nrb i^ prpqo^``fŽk bp i^ lmbo^`fŽk fk,sbop^ ab i^ ^af`fŽk- N_p‹osbpb nrb L> < N X nrb g> < >,
Di ib`qlo e^_oŠ l_pbos^al i^ pbjbg^kw^ bkqob ilp sb`qlobp bk bi bpm^`fl ab1 afjbkpflkbp u ilp k•jbolp `ljmibglp- @j_lp pb abcfkbk `ljl m^obploabk^alpab k•jbolp ob^ibp u ^j_lp pb prj^k ab i^ jfpj^ j^kbo^- @pŒmrbp+bk il nrbe^`b obcbobk`f^^ i^ ^af`fŽk+ ilp k•jbolp `ljmibglp u ilp sb`qlobp _fafjbkpflk^ibp^idb_o^f`^jbkqb plk fkafpqfkdrf_ibp- RŽil pb afcbobk`f^k ^i fkqolar`fo i^ jriqf,mf`^`fŽk-
K^ jriqfmif`^`fŽk a^ ^i pfpqbj^ ab k•jbolp `ljmibglp bi `lkgrkql ab molmfb,a^abp nrb q^j_f‹k mlpbbk ilp k•jbolp ob^ibp-Orbab abjlpqo^opb '^rknrb obpriq^afcŒ`fi(nrb bu`bmql m^o^ i < 0 X i < 1+ kl bp mlpf_ib fkqolar`fo i^ jriqfmif`^,`fŽk bk Ri ab jlal nrb pb p^qfc^d^kqla^p i^p molmfba^abp-Rfk bj_^odl mrbabkfkqolar`fopb bk Si `fboqlp molar`qlp nrb kl p^qfpc^`bk oj_\n i^p molmfba^abp-Olo bgbjmil+ bk i^ pb``fŽk 01-4 e^_i^objlp abi kmj_p^oj dio`mdjmab alp sb`qlobpbk SiŠ Di obpriq^al ab bpq jriqfmif`^`fŽk bp rk bp`^i^o+kl bp rk sb`qlo- Dk i^ pb`,`fŽk 02-8 pb qo^q^oŠabi kmj_p^oj q`^ojmd\g, Dpq^jriqfmif`^`fŽk pŽil bp ^mif`^_ib
Fio`mkm`o\^d‡ib`jh„omd^\ k\m\ i 4 2 438
bk bi bpm^`fl S\, Di obpriq^al pfbjmob bp rk sb`qlo+ mbol bpqb molar`ql kl bp`lkjrq^qfsl-
)*&+ =[aR_]_RaNPVp[TR\Zna_VPN]N_N ?+++,+1
Rf _fbk i^p abcfkf`flkbp ^kqboflobpplk `ljmibq^jbkqb fkabmbkafbkqbpab i^FbljbqoŒ^+ilp sb`qlobp u i^p lmbo^`flkbp `lk biilp qfbkbk rk^ fkqbobp^kqbfkqbo,mobq^`fŽkdblj‹qof`^ m^o^bpm^`flp ab afjbkpfŽk qobpl jbklo nrb qobp-G^objlpobmobpbkq^`flkbpm^o^alp afjbkpflkbp u ob`ljbka^jlp ^i ib`qlo nrb pb i^p e^d^m^o^bpm^`flp ab qobpu ab rk^ afjbkpflkbp-
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k
EHFTQ@ 01-0 Bg q`^ojm b`jh„omd^j,>E _`g kpioj > \g ?,
, ,EHFTQ@ 01-1 >? X @A nji `lpdq\g`io`nkjmlp` ? + > < C , B-
Tk m^o ab mrkqlp > u ? pb gg\h\ q`^ojm b`jh„omd^j pf rkl ab ilp mrkqlp+mlo bgbjmil >* bp bi kpioj did^d\gu bi lqol+ ?* bp kpioj `som`hj, Qbmobpbkq^jlprk sb`qlo dblj‹qof`l `lk rk^ cib`e^ ab = ^ >) `ljl sbjlp bk i^ cfdro^ 01-0+vbjmib^jlp i^ klq^`fŽk =>+
Klp sb`qlobp dblj‹qof`lp plk bpmb`f^ijbkqb •qfibp m^o^ obmobpbkq^ofboq^pj^dkfqrabp cŒpf`^pq^ibp`ljl crbow^p+abpmi^w^jfbkqlp+sbil`fa^abp+ u ^`bibo^`fl,kbp+nrb mlpbbk j^dkfqra u afob``fŽk- K^ ilkdfqra ab i^ cib`e^ bp rk^ jbafa^ab i^ j^dkfqra v i^ mrkq^ ab i^ cib`e^ fkaf`^ i^ afob``fŽk nrb pb mob`fp^-
44/ >gb`]m\ q`^ojmd\g
Rrmlkd^jlp nrb fkqolar`fjlp rk pfpqbj^ `lloabk^al `lk lofdbk N- K^ cfdr,
o^ 01-1 jrbpqo^ alp sb`qlobp di v ?@ q^ibpnrb > * = < C , B- Dk crk`fŽk abilp `ljmlkbkqbp+ bpql pfdkfcf`^ nrb
v
Bljm^o^kal ilp qofŠkdrilp fdr^ibp ab i^ cfdro^ 01-1+sbjlp nrb i^p alp cib`e^p
nrb obmobpbkq^k=> v ?@ qfbkbk i^ jfpj^ ilkdfqra+ plk m^o^ibilp+b fkaf`^k i^jfpj^ afob``fŽk- Ki^j^jlp ^ q^ibp sb`qlobp dblj‹qof`lp `lpdq\g`io`n, Dpql bp+, ,ab`fjlp => bp bnrfs^ibkqb ^ ?@ pfbjmob nrb
'01-0( >*=:@*?+
N_p‹osbpb nrb ilp `r^qol mrkqlp =) >) B+ @ plk s‹oqf`bp ab rk m^o^ibildo^jl-'Ubo cfdro^ 01-2-( K^ b`r^`fŽk '01-0( q^j_f‹k pb mrbab bp`of_fo bk i^ cloj^> * A < ? * B il nrb klp af`b nrb ilp q„mod^`njkp`nojn _`g k\m\g`gjbm\hj od`+i`i g\ hdnh\ nph\, Dk m^oqf`ri^o+pf rkl ab ilp s‹oqf`bp+mlo bgbjmil >* bp bilofdbk N+ `ljl bk i^ cfdro^ 01-3+ bi sb`qlo dblj‹qof`l nrb rkb N ^i s‹oqf`blmrbpql A `loobpmlkab ^i sb`qlo prj^ A < ? * B- Dpql pb bumobp af`fbkal nrbi^ ^af`fŽk ab sb`qlobp `loobpmlkab dblj‹qof`^jbkqb ^ i^ ^af`fŽk ab sb`qlobpdblj‹qof`lp mlo jbafl ab i^ ibv abi m^o^ibildo^jl- K^ fjmloq^k`f^ ab ilp sb`qlobpbk i^ cŒpf` molsfbkb abi eb`el klq^_ib ab nrb jr`e^p j^dkfqrabp cŒpf`^p'q^ibp`ljl crbow^p+sbil`fa^abp v ^`bibo^`flkbp( pb `lj_fk^k mlo jbafl ab i^ ibv abim^o^ibildo^jl-
@
>
EHFTQ@ 01-2 Ijn q„mod^`n,jkp`nojn_` pi k\m\g`gjbm\hj od`i`i g\ hdnh\
nph\8 > * A < ? * B-
EHFTQ@ 01-3 I\ \_d^d4i _` q`^ojm`n dio`mkm`o\_\b`jh„omd^\h`io` ^ji g\ g`t _`g k\m\g`gjbm\hj,
Bd`m^d^djn 440
@ cfk ab pfjmifcf`^o i^ klq^`fŽk+ rqfifw^objlp bi jfpjl pŒj_lil m^o^ abpfdk^ork mrkql ab Ri '`r^kal i x 2( X bi sb`qlo dblj‹qof`l nrb rkb bi lofdbk ^ bpb
,* ,*mrkql- @pŒmrbp+ bp`of_fjlp = bk ird^o ab @=) > bk ird^o ab @>) bq`- S^j_f‹kbp`of_fjlp ^idrk^p sb`bp > bk ird^o ab `r^inrfbo sb`qlo dblj‹qof`l bnrfs^ibkqb ^
@=+Olo bgbjmil+ i^ cfdro^ 01-4 obmobpbkq^dblj‹qof`^jbkqb i^ prpqo^``fŽk ab sb`,qlobp- Clp sb`qlobp dblj‹qof`lp bpqŠk abpfdk^alp `lk > * =) X plk bnrfs^ibkqbp-Sfbkbk i^ jfpj^ ilkdfqra u i^ jfpj^ afob``fŽk-
K^ cfdro^ 01-5 obmobpbkq^ dblj‹qof`^jbkqb i^ jriqfmif`^`fŽk mlo bp`^i^obp-Rf > < ]=) bi sb`qlo dblj‹qof`l > qfbkb `ljl ilkdfqra bi molar`ql ab hahmlo i^ilkdfqra ab >9 qfbkb i^ jfpj^ afob``fŽk nrb > pf _ bp mlpfqfsl+ u i^ afob``fŽklmrbpq^ pf ` bp kbd^qfsl-
> +?
EHFTQ@ 01-4 Pdbidad^\_j b`jh„omd^j_` g\ npnom\^^d‡i _` q`^ojm`n,
-7
EHFTQ@ 01-5 Jpgodkgd^\^d‡i _` q`^ojm`n,kjm `n^\g\m`n,
K^ fkqbomobq^`fŽk dblj‹qof`^ ab ilp sb`qlobp bk S i m^o^ i x 2 prdfbob rk^j^kbo^ ab abcfkfo bi m^o^ibifpjl bk rk bpm^`fl ab afjbkpfŽk i `r^inrfbo^-
CDEHMHBHˆM- Ajn q`^ojm`n > u ? _` S i od`i`i g\ hdnh\ _dm`^^d‡i nd ? < ^>k\m\ pi ^d`moj `n^\g\m kjndodqj `* u g\ _dm`^^d‡i jkp`no\ nd ? < ^> k\m\ pi ^d`moj` i`b\odqj, P` gg\h\i k\m\g`gjn nd ? < ^> k\m\ pi ^d`moj ` ij ipgj,
N_p‹osbpb nrb bpq^ abcfkf`fŽk mbojfqb `lkpfabo^o nrb qlal sb`qlo qfbkb i^jfpj^ afob``fŽk nrb ‹i jfpjl ,molmfba^a nrb pbdro^jbkqb kb`bpfq^objlp- S^j,_f‹k pb l_pbos^ nrb bpq^ abcfkf`fŽk ^pfdk^ ^i sb`qlo `bol i^p pfdrfbkqbp molmfba^,abp9 Di sb`qlo `bol bp bi •kf`l nrb qfbkb i^ afob``fŽk ab pr lmrbpql u mlo q^kqlbi •kf`l sb`qlo nrb qfbkb i^ afob``fŽk lmrbpq^ ^ pŒjfpjl- Di sb`qlo `bol bp bi•kf`l sb`qlo m^o^ibil ^i sb`qlo `bol-
)*&, :WR_PVPV\`
0- Rb^k > < '0+ 2+ 5(+ ? < '3+ ,2+2(+ X B < '1+ 0+4( qobp sb`qlobp ab S\% Cbqbojfk^o ilp`ljmlkbkqbp ab `^a^ rkl ab ilp sb`qlobp9 ^( > * ?9 _( > + ?9 b( > * ? + B:a( 5> + 0? + 1@9 a( 0> * ? + 1@,
..+ >gb`]m\ q`^ojmd\g
1- Cf_rg^o ilp sb`qlobp dblj‹qof`lp nrb rkbk bi lofdbk ^ ilp mrkqlp = < '1+0( X A < '0+ 2(-Dk i^ jfpj^ cfdro^+qo^w^obi sb`qlo dblj‹qof`l nrb rkb bi lofdbk ^i mrkql B < > * o?m^o^ `^a^ rkl ab ilp pfdrfbkqbp s^ilobp ab o8o < p: o < : o < : o < 0: o < 1:o < ,0: o < - ,1-
2- Qbplisbo bi bgbo`f`fl 1 pf B < o> * ?, ,3- Rb^k > < '1+ 0(+? < '0+ 2(+ X B < s> * t?* bk alkab s b u plk bp`^i^obp-
^( So^w^o bi sb`qlo nrb rkb bi lofdbk ^ B m^o^ `^a^ rkl ab ilp pfdrfbkqbp m^obpab s^,ilobp ab s b v9 T < V < f: s < z+t < : s < +t < f: s < 1+V < ,0: s < 2+
V < +09s < ,p+s ; 9s < *E)s ;0,_( ƒPr‹ `lkgrkql bp bi ab ilp mrkqlp B l_qbkfalp `r^kal s b u qlj^k qlalp ilp s^il,obp ob^ibp q^ibp nrb s * v < 0> 'G^`bo rk^ `lkgbqro^ v jlpqo^o bi ird^o dblj‹qof`l bki^ cfdro^- Ml e^`bo i^ abjlpqo^`fŽk-(b( C^o rk^ fab^ abi `lkgrkql ab qlalp ilp mrkqlp B l_qbkfalp ^i s^of^o fkabmbkafbkqb,jbkqb s b v bk ilp fkqbos^ilp Nz s x 0+Nz V x 0+X e^`bo rk^ obmobpbkq^`fŽkab bpb`lkgrkql-a( ƒPr‹ `lkgrkql bp bi ab qlalp ilp mrkqlp B l_qbkfalp pf s s^oŒ^ bk bi fkqbos^ilNz s x 0 b v ob`loob qlalp ilp k•jbolp ob^ibp>b( ƒPr‹ `lkgrkql obpriq^ pf s b v ob`loobk ^j_lp qlalp ilp k•jbolp ob^ibp>
4- Rb^k = < '1+ 0( X > < '0+ 2(- Cbjlpqo^o nrb qlal sb`qlo B < %]g
%]0
' ab R0
mrbabbumobp^opbbk i^ cloj^ B < s> * t?, Dumobp^os b v bk crk`fŽk ab `
hv ^
0Š
5- Rb^k > < '0+ 0+0(+? < 'N+ 0+0(+X B < '0+ 0+N( qobpsb`qlobp ab U^ v A;s>)t?)u@*alkab s u w plk bp`^i^obp-^( Cbqbojfk^o &ilp `ljmlkbkqbp ab C-_( Rf C < N abjlpqo^o nrb s < v < w< N-`( G^ii^o s* v+ w q^ibp nrb C < '0+ 1+ 2(-
6- Rb^k > < '0+ 0+ 0(+ ? < 'N+ 0+ 0( X B < '1+ 0+ 0( qobp sb`qlobp ab S\% v C < s> )t? * t?) bk alkab r) v+ w plk bp`^i^obp-^( Cbqbojfk^o ilp `ljmlkbkqbp ab C-_( G^ii^o s* v+ v u* kl qlalp krilp+ q^ibp nrb C < N-b( Cbjlpqo^o nrb kfkdrk^ bib``fŽk ab s* v+ w e^`b C < '0+ 1+ 2(-
7- Rb^k = < '0+ 0+ 0+ N(+ > < 'N+ 0+ 0+ 0(+ B < '0+ 0+ N+ N( qobp sb`qlobp ab R2
% vC < s> * t? * wB pfbkal s* v+ w bp`^i^obp-^( Cbqbojfk^o ilp `ljmlkbkqbp ab C-_( Rf C :-) abjlpqo^o nrb s < v < w< N-b( G^ii^o s* v+ w q^ibp nrb C < '0+ 4+ 2+ 3(-a( Cbjlpqo^o nrb kfkdrk^ bib``fŽk ab s* v+ w e^`b C < '0+ 1+ 2+ 3(-
8- Dk S, abjlpqo^o nrb alp sb`qlobp m^o^ibilp ^ rk jfpjl sb`qlo plk m^o^ibilp bkqob pŒ-0/- C^alp `r^qol sb`qlobp kl krilp >* ?* B+ C ab S, q^ibp nrb B < > * ? v > bp m^o^ibil
^ C- Cbjlpqo^o nrb B bp m^o^ibil ^ C pf v pŽil pf ? bp m^o^ibil ^ C-00- ^( Cbjlpqo^o+ m^o^ ilp sb`qlobp ab R+)i^p molmfba^abp ab i^ ^af`fŽk v ab i^ jriqfmif,
`^`fŽk mlo bp`^i^obp a^a^p bk bi qblobj^ 01-0-_( Lbaf^kqb sb`qlobp dblj‹qof`lp bk bi mi^kl+ obmobpbkq^obi pfdkfcf`^al dblj‹qof`l abi^p alp ibvbp afpqof_rqfs^p &` * _'> < ^> * _> v `&> * ?' < ^> * `?,
01- Rf rk `r^aofiŠqbol L>?@ ab S0 bp rk m^o^ibiŽdo^jl nrb qfbkb > v B `ljl s‹oqf`bplmrbpqlp+ abjlpqo^o nrb > )d&@ + >' ; ?, ƒPr‹ qblobj^ obi^qfsl ^ ilp m^o^ibildo^,jlp mrbab abar`fopb ab bpq^ fdr^ia^a>
)*&- C_\QbPa\ R`PNYN_
Hkqolarw`^jlp ^elo^ rk krbsl qfml ab jriqfmif`^`f5k ii^j^a^ molar`ql bp,`^i^o l fkqboflo ab alp sb`qlobp bk S D+
Mmj_p^oj `n^\g\m "..,
CDEHMHBHˆM- Pd > < &\**,,, *\i' u ? < o]* *,,, *]i' nji _jn q`^ojm`n _`Sh† np kmj_p^oj `n^\g\m n` m`km`n`io\ ^ji > , ? W n` _`adi` ^ji g\ dbp\g_\_
!=$ > < I [e\e{
fxg
@pŒmrbp+m^o^ `^i`ri^o = +> jriqfmif`^jlp ilp `ljmlkbkqbp `loobpmlkafbk,qbpab = v > X prj^jlp irbdl qlalp ilp molar`qlp- Dpq^jriqfmif`^`fŽk qfbkb i^pmolmfba^abp^idb_o^f`^p pfdrfbkqbp-
SDNQDL@ 01-1- M\m\ oj_jn gjn q`^ojm`n >* ?* B _` s+ t oj_jn gjn `n^\g\m`n`* n` od`i`i g\n kmjkd`_\_`n ndbpd`io`n8
'^( =$ > < >$ ='_( > , &? * B( < > 8? * > , B'b( ]%=$ >& < %]=&+> < = +%]>&'a( = += = N nd =8xc7N
'b( =$ = < M nd = < N-A`hjnom\^d‡i, K^p qobpmofjbo^p molmfba^abpplk cŠ`fibp `lkpb`rbk`f^p ab
i^ abcfkf`fŽk v pb abg^k `ljl bgbo`f`flp- O^o^ abjlpqo^o i^p alp •iqfj^p+ rp^jlpi^ obi^`fŽk > , > < -K \x, Orbpql nrb `^a^ q‹ojfkl bp kl kbd^qfsl+ i^ prj^ bpkl kbd^qfs^- @abjŠp+ i^ prj^ bp `bol pf v pŽil&pf `^a^ q‹ojfkl ab i^ prj^ bp`bol v bpql q^k pŽil mrbab l`roofo pf > < N-
Di molar`ql bp`^i^o qfbkb rk^ fkqbomobq^`fŽkdblj‹qof`^ fkqbobp^kqbnrb pbsboŠ bk i^ pb``fŽk 01-8- @kqbpab afp`rqfoi^+kl l_pq^kqb+jbk`flk^jlp rk^ abp,fdr^ia^a fjmloq^kqb obi^qfs^ ^ molar`qlp bp`^i^obpnrb bp crka^jbkq^i bk „idb_o^sb`qlof^i-
&g`t^jihpo\odq\'*&g`t_dnomd]podq\'*&cjhjb`i`d_\_'*&kjndodqd_\_'*
SDNQDL@ 01-2- CDRHFT@KC@C CD B@TBGX,RBGV@QY- Pd> V ? nji q`^ojm`n_` S i* o`i`hjn
'01-1( %=+>&/ w %=+=&%>+>&+
>_`hƒn* `g ndbij _` _`ndbp\g_\_ `n `g qƒgd_j ndt n‡gj ndpij _` gjn q`^ojm`n`n `g kmj_p^oj _`g jomj kjm pi `n^\g\m,
A`hjnom\^d‡i, Dumobp^kal `^a^ &rkl ab ilp alp jfbj_olp ab '01-1( bkcrk`fŽk ab ilp `ljmlkbkqbp+ l_qbkbjlp
nrb bp i^ abpfdr^ia^a v^ abjlpqo^a^ bk bi qblobj^ H-30-
443 €gb`]m\ q`^ojmd\g
Oobpbkq^objlp lqo^ abjlpqo^`fŽk ab '01-1( nrb kl rqfifw^ ilp `ljmlkbkqbp-S^i abjlpqo^`fŽk bp fkqbobp^kqbmlonrb e^`b sbo nrb i^ abpfdr^ia^a ab B^r`ev,R`et^qw bp rk^ `lkpb`rbk`f^ ab i^p `fk`l molmfba^abpabi molar`ql bp`^i^o nrbpb `fq^k bk bi qblobj^ 01-1 v kl abmbkab ab i^ abcfkf`fŽk nrb pb rqfifwŽm^o^ab,ar`fo bp^p molmfba^abp-
O^o^ iibs^o ^ `^_l bpq^-abjlpqo^`fŽk+ l_pbosbjlp mofjbol nrb '01-1( bpqofsf^i pf = l > bp bi sb`qlo `bol- Olo q^kql+mlabjlp prmlkbo nrb = u > plk^j_lp kl krilp- Rb^ b bi sb`qlo
b < r= * s>) alkab s < >$ > u s:={>+
K^p molmfba^abp a( v b( fjmif`^k nrb @8b z N- Br^kal bumobp^jlp bpql bkcrk`fŽk ab s b u+obpriq^ '01-1(- O^o^ bumobp^o@8 a bk crk`fŽk ab s b u+rqfifw^,jlp i^p molmfba^abp^(+_( u b( l_qbkfbkal
_• a < %r= * s>& +%r= * s>& < r/%= +=& * /rs%=$ >& * s/%> +>& +
Tqfifw^kal i^p abcfkf`flkbp ab s b u v i^ abpfdr^ia^a @8 a y /+ pb iibd^ ^
%>$>&/%=+=& * /%= +>&/%>+>& * %=+>&/%>+>& w N-
K^ molmfba^a a( fjmif`^ nrb >$ > = } mrbpql nrb > :.:-) `lk il nrb mlabjlpafsfafo mlo %>$>& l_qbkfbkal
%>$>&%=+=& * %=+>&/ w N+
nrb `lfk`fab `lk '01-1(- Dpql q^j_f‹k abjrbpqo^ nrb bi pfdkl fdr^i bp sŠifal bk'01-1( pf u pŽil pf a < M+ Obol a < k pf v pŽil pf s> < t?, @ pr sbw+bpq^fdr^i,a^a pb sbofcf`^ pf u pŽil pf rkl ab ilp sb`qlobp bp bi molar`ql abi lqol mlo rkbp`^i^o-
K^ abpfdr^ia^a ab B^r`ev,R`et^ow qfbkb fjmloq^kqbp ^mif`^`flkbp ^ i^p mol,mfba^abp ab i^ gjibdop_ l ijmh\ ab rk sb`qlo+ `lk`bmql nrb bumlkbjlp pbdrfa^,jbkqb-
01-5 Klkdfqra l kloj^ ab rk sb`qlo
K^ cfdro^ 01-6 jrbpqo^ bi sb`qlo dblj‹qof`l nrb rkb bi lofdbk ^i mrkql> < %[f$^+{(bk bi mi^kl- @ m^oqfoabi qblobj^ ab OfqŠdlo^pbk`lkqo^jlp nrb i^ilkdfqra ab > sfbkb a^a^ mlo i^ cŽojri^
ilkdfqra ab = < S\x * \x,
Ijibdop_ j ijmh\ _` pi q`^ojm 444
>
=
EHFTQ@ 01-6 Bi S0 g\ gjibdop_
_` > `n T \d * \x ,EHFTQ@ 01-7 Bi S!, g\ gjibdop_ _` > `n
U^f * [w * [w+
Dk i^ cfdro^ 01-7 pb jrbpqo^ bi af_rgl `loobpmlkafbkqb bk S\, @mif`^kal biqblobj^ ab OfqŠdlo^p alp sb`bp+ bk`lkqo^jlp nrb i^ ilkdfqra ab rk sb`qlo dbl,j‹qof`l > bk S! sfbkb a^a^ mlo
ilkdfqra ab > < T \d * \x * \x ,
N_p‹osbpb nrb bk rkl r lqol `^pl i^ ilkdfqra ab = sfbkb a^a^ mlo %=+= (0.1+ i^o^Œwr^ao^a^ abi molar`ql bp`^i^o ab > mlo pŒjfpjl- Dpq^ cŽojri^ prdfbob rkj‹qlal m^o^ fkqolar`fo bi `lk`bmql ab ilkdfqra bk SiŠ
CDEHMHBHˆM- Pd > `n pi q`^ojm `i Si* np gjibdop_ j ijmh\ n` _`ndbi\ ^jiGG?GGu n` _`adi` h`_d\io` g\ dbp\g_\_
GG?00 < &> , >'/-0 ,
K^p molmfba^abp crka^jbkq^ibp abi molar`ql bp`^i^o `lkar`bk ^ i^p `loobp,mlkafbkqbp molmfba^abp ab i^ kloj^-
RCMPCK? 01-3- Pd > `n pi q`^ojm _` Si u ` pi `n^\g\m* o`i`hjn g\n nd+bpd`io`n kmjkd`_\_`n8
^( GG?zG= N nd > ;/; N &kjndodqd_\_'*^( h?GG < M nd = < M+a( Gh_?00< G_hhh?h0 &cjhjb`i`d_\_',
445 €gb`]m\q`^ojmd\g
A`hjnom\^d‡i, K^p molmfba^abp^( v _( plk `lkpb`rbk`f^ fkjbaf^q^ ab i^pmolmfba^abpa( v b( abi qblobj^ 01-1- O^o^ abjlpqo^o b( rqfifw^jlp i^ molmfba^aab eljldbkbfa^a abi molar`ql bp`^i^o l_qbkfbkal
Ef]= 00< %_=$ _=&f,/ < %_/= +=&.,/ < %_/&f /%= +=&.,/ < Ya[ GG?GG-
K^ abpfdr^ia^a ab B^r`ev,R`et^ow q^j_f‹k pb mrbab bumobp^obk crk`f5kab i^ kloj^- Dii^ bpq^_ib`b nrb
'01-2(
Slj^kal i^ o^Œwr^ao^a^ mlpfqfs^ ab `^a^ jfbj_ol+ mlabjlp q^j_f‹k bp`of_foi^ abpfdr^ia^a ab B^r`ev,R`et^ow bk i^ cloj^ bnrfs^ibkqb
'01-3( f=$ @Gy GG?GGph@GG•
Tqfifw^objlp ^elo^ i^ abpfdr^ia^a ab B^r`ev,R`et^ow m^o^abar`fo i^ abpfdr^ia^aqof^kdri^o-
SDNQDL@ 01-4- CDRHFT@KC@C SQH@MFTK@Q- Pd > X ? nji q`^ojm`n _` Si*
o`i`hjn
GG?* @GGy GG?00* GG@GG-
>_`hƒn* `g ndbij dbp\g `n qƒgd_j ndu n‡gj ndpij _` gjn q`^ojm`n `n `g kmj_p^oj _`gjomj kjm pi `n^\g\m,
A`hjnom\^d‡i, O^o^ bsfq^o i^p o^Œ`bp r^ao^a^p+ bp`of_fjlp i^ abpfdr^ia^aqof^kdri^o bk i^ cloj^ bnrfs^ibkqb
'01-4(
Di mofjbo jfbj_ol ab '01-4( bp
jfbkqo^p nrb bi pbdrkal jfbj_ol bp
'GG? G0* GG@GG(1< GG?001* 100? 00YG@GG* GG@G01-
Bljm^o^kal bp^p alp c5ojri^p+ sbjlp nrb '01-4( bp sŠifa^ pf v p5il pf pbqfbkb
'01-5( = +> w GG?0GGG@GG-
Lmojbji\gd_\_ _` q`^ojm`n 446
Obol =$ > w =$ > `lk il nrb '01-5( obpriq^ ab i^ abpfdr^ia^a ab B^r`ev,R`et^ow+ bk i^ cloj^ '01-3(- Dpql morb_^ nrb i^ abpfdr^ia^a qof^kdri^o bp `lkpb,`rbk`f^ ab i^ abpfdr^ia^a ab B^r`ev,R`et^ow-
K^ molmlpf`fŽk ob`Œmol` q^j_‹k bp `fboq^- Dpql bp+pf i^ abpfdr^ia^a qof^k,dri^o bp `fboq^ q^j_f‹k il bp '01-5( m^o^ > v m^o^ +>* ab il nrb l_qbkbjlp'01-2(- @pŒmrbp+i^ abpfdr^ia^a qof^kdri^o v i^ ab B^r`ev,R`et^ow plk iŽdf`^,jbkqb bnrfs^ibkqbp- @abjŠp+ bi pfdkl ab fdr^ia^a s^ib bk rk^ pf v pŽil pf s^ibbk i^ lqo^+`lk il nrb pb `ljmibq^ i^ abjlpqo^`fŽk abi qblobj^ 01-4-
Dk i^ cfdro^ 01-8 pb obmobpbkq dblj‹qof`^jbkqb i^ abpfdr^ia^a qof^kdri^o-Blk biil pb mrbab ^cfoj^o nrb i^ ilkdfqra ab rk i^al ab rk qofŠkdril kl prmbo^i^ prj^ ab i^p ilkdfqrabp ab ilp lqolp alp i^alp-
01-6 Noqldlk^ifa^a ab sb`qlobp
@ il i^odl ab i^ abjlpqo^`fŽk ab i^ abpfdr^ia^a qof^kdri^o 'qblobj^ 01-4(+pbl_qrsl i^ cŽojri^
'01-6( GG?* @G01< GG?001* GG@GG1* 0> , ?
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EHFTQ@ 01-8 Pdbidad^\_j b`jh„omd^j _`g\ _`ndbp\g_\_ omd\ibpg\m8
GG?* @GG999::GG?0G* GG@GG-
EHFTQ@ 01-0T Ajn q`^ojm`n k`mjk`i_d^pg\m`n n\ode\^`i g\ d_`iod_\_kdo\b‡md^\8
GG?* @G01< GG?001* GG@G01‘
nrb bp sŠifa^ m^o^ alp sb`qlobp `r^ibpnrfbo^ = v > ab R+++K^ cfdro^ 01-0/jrbpqo^ alp sb`qlobp dblj‹qof`lp mbombkaf`ri^obpbk bi mi^kl- Eloj^k rk qofŠk,
447 >gb`]m\ q`^ojmd\g
dril ob`qŠkdril `rvlp `^qbqlp qfbkbk ilkdfqrabp GG?GGv GG@GGv `rv^ efmlqbkrp^ qfbkbilkdfqra G?* @GG-Di qblobj^ ab OfqŠdlo^pbpq^_ib`b nrb
GG?* >E./ < GG?001 * GG@G01-
Bljm^o^kal bpqbobpriq^al `lk '01-6(+ sbjlp nrb = +> < N-Cf`el ab lqol jlal+bi molar`ql bp`^i^o ab alp sb`qlobp mbombkaf`ri^obpabi mi^kl bp `bol- Dpq^mol,mfba^a a^ lofdbk ^ i^ abcfkf`fŽk ab sb`qlobp mbombkaf`ri^obpbk Ri,
CDEHMHBHˆM- Ajn q`^ojm`n > v ? _` Si nji k`mk`i_d^pg\m`n p jmojbji\g`n nd=$> < N-
K^ fdr^ia^a '01-6( jrbpqo^ nrb alp sb`qlobp = v > ab Rh plk loqldlk^ibppf u pŽil pf GG?* >S < GG?U* EE>S+ Dpq^bp i^ fabkqfa^a ab OfqŠdlo^pbk Sh†
)*&0 :WR_PVPV\`
0- Rb^k > < '0+ 1+ 2+ 3(+ 7 < ',0+ 1+ ,2+ N( X b < 'N+ 0+N+ 0( qobp sb`qlobp ab S2Š
B^i`ri^o `^a^ rkl ab ilp pfdrfbkqbp molar`qlp9'^( = +>8 '_( >$ B: '`( = +B: 'a( = l %> * ?&8 'b( %= * >& +B-
1- C^alp qobp sb`qlobp > < '1+ 3+ ,6(+ 7 < '1+ 5+ 2(+X b < '2+ 3+ ,4(- Dk `^a^ rk^ abi^p bumobpflkbp pfdrfbkqbp pb mrbabk fkqolar`fo m^o‹kqbpfp ab rk^ pli^ j^kbo^ m^o^ l_qb,kbo rk^ bumobpfŽk nrb qbkd^ pbkqfal- Hkqolar`fo af`elp m^o‹kqbpfp v bcb`qr^o i^p lmb,o^`flkbp-
'^( = +>?8 '_( = +> * B: 'b( = * > l B: 'a( =>{ B: 'b( =F> l B-
2- Cbjlpqo^o pf bp l kl `fboq^ i^ molmlpf`fŽk pfdrfbkqb obcbobkqb ^ sb`qlobp bk Si8 Rf> /7< >} a u > m %.*bp 7 < B-
3- Cbjlpqo^o pf bp l kl `fboq^ i^ molmlpf`fŽk pfdrfbkqb nrb pb obcfbob ^ sb`qlobp bk Si8
Rf > l 7 m^o^ qlal 7+ bp > ;.,4- Rf = < '1+0+,0( X 7 < '0+,0+1(+ e^ii^o rk sb`qlo kl kril B ab R) q^i nrb = l B <
< 7 lB < N-5- Rf > < '0+,1+2( X 7 < '2+0+1(+e^ii^o ilp bp`^i^obp s b v q^ibp nrb b < s> * v7 bp rk
sb`qlo kl kril u nrb B /7 < N-6- Rf > < '1+ ,0+ 1( X 7 < '0+ 1+ ,1(+ e^ii^o alp sb`qlobp b v C ab S nrb p^qfpc^d^k
qla^p i^p `lkaf`flkbp pfdrfbkqbp9 > < b * C+ 7 C < N+B m^o^ibil ^ >+7- Rf = < '0+ 1+ 2+ 3+ 4( X 7 < %.)c*d* *x*'*e^ii^o alp sb`qlobp a u C ab R nrb
p^qfpc^d^k qla^p i^p `lkaf`flkbp pfdrfbkqbp9 7 < b * /@) C• = < N+ b m^o^ibil 4^ =+8- Rb^k > < '1+,0+ 4(+ 7 < ',0+ ,1+ 2(+ X b < '0+,0+ 0( qobp sb`qlobp ab S l B^i`ri^o
i^ kloj^ ab `^a^ rkl ab ilp pfdrfbkqbp sb`qlobp9 ^'^( = * >8 '_( = * >8 'b( = * > * B: 'a( = * > * `-
0/- Dk `^a^ `^pl e^ii^o rk sb`qlo 7 ab S0 q^i nrb, 7 - > < N X 00700< GG?GGpf9
'^( = < '0+0(: '^( = < '0+,0(: '`( = < '1+,2(: '`( = < %[) \&+
00- Rb^k > < '0+ ,1+ 2( X 7 < '2+ 0+1( alp sb`qlobp ab S\% Dk `^a^ `^pl+ e^ii^o rk sb`,qlo B ab ilkdfqra 0 m^o^ibil ^9'^( = * >8 '_( = * >8 'b( = * />8 'a( = * />8 'b( /= * >+
01- C^alp ilp sb`qlobp ab R1% = < '3+ 0+ ,2(+ 7 < '0+ 1+ 1(+ B < N+ 1+ ,1(+ @ < '1+0+1(+X B <'1+ ,1+ ,0(- Cbqbojfk^o qlalp ilp m^obp loqldlk^ibp-
02- G^ii^o qlalp ilp sb`qlobp ab S 1 nrb qfbkbk i^ jfpj^ ilkdfqra nrb > v ib plk loqldlk^ibp pf9
Mmjt`^^dji`n, €ibpgj _` _jn q`^ojm`n `i `g `nk\^dj _` i _dh`indji`n 337
'^( > <'0+1(: '^( > <'0+ ,1(: '`( > <'1+ ,0(: '`( > <',1+0(-
03- Rf > < '1+,0+0( X ? < '2+,3+ ,3(+ e^ii^o rk mrkql b abi bpm^`fl ab 2 afjbkpflkbpq^i nrb =) >) X b plk ilp s‹oqf`bp ab rk qofŠkdril ob`qŠkdril-
04- Rf = < '0+ ,0+1( X > < '1+ 0+,0(+e^ii^o rk- sb`qlo kl kril a ab R) loqldlk^i ^ = u ^ >+05- Rb^k = < '0+ 1( X > < '2+ 3( alp sb`qlobp ab R0Š G^ii^o ilp sb`qlobp L u O ab R
0q^ibp nrb = < L * P+ pfbkal O m^o^ibil ^ >) v P loqldlk^i ^ >+
06- Qbplisbo bi bgbo`f`fl 05 pf ilp sb`qlobp mboqbkb`bk ^ R+$pfbkal = < '0+ 1+ 2+ 3( X? < '0+ 0+ 0+ 0(-
07- C^alp ilp sb`qlobp > < '1+ ,0+ 0(+? < '0+1+,0(+ X b < '0+0+,1( ab S1Š G^ii^o ilp
sb`qlobp C ab i^ cloj^ s? * uA loqldlk^ibp ^ > u ab ilkdfqra 0-08- Cbjlpqo^o nrb m^o^ alp sb`qlobp = v > ab R) pb qfbkb i^ fabkqfa^a
GG?*@001 ,GG? ,@001 ;2> %?*
X mlo q^kql >} ? < N pf v pŽil pf GG?* @GG< GG?, @GG-Hkqbomobq^obpqb obpriq^al dbl,j‹qof`^jbkqb bk S 1: i^p af^dlk^ibp ab rk m^o^ibildo^jl plk fdr^ibp pf v pŽil pf bi m^o^,ibildo^jl bp rk ob`qŠkdril-
1/- Cbjlpqo^o nrb m^o^ alp sb`qlobp `r^ibpnrfbo^ > v ? ab S* pb qfbkb
G?* @G01* GG?, @G01< 1 GG?001* 1 GG@G01‘
ƒPr‹ qblobj^ dblj‹qof`l ^`bo`^ ab ilp i^alp v af^dlk^ibp ab rk m^o^ibildo^jl pbmrbab abar`fo ab bp^ fabkqfa^a>
10- Di qblobj^ dblj‹qof`l nrb pfdrb prdfbob rk^ fabkqfa^a sb`qlof^i obi^qfs^ ^ qobp sb`qlobp=) > X B- Cb`fo `rŠi bp u abjlpqo^o nrb bp sŠifa^ m^o^ ilp sb`qlobp ab S*, S^i fabkqfa^amolmlo`flk^ rk^ abjlpqo^`fŽk abi qblobj^ `lk j‹qlalp sb`qlof^ibp-
~K^ prj^ ab ilp `r^ao^alp ab ilp i^alp ab rk `r^aofiŠqbol `r^inrfbo^ prmbo^ ^ i^prj^ ab ilp `r^ao^alp ab i^p af^dlk^ibp bk `r^qol sb`bp bi `r^ao^al ab i^ ilkdfqraabi pbdjbkql ob`qfiŒkbl nrb rkb ilp mrkqlp jbaflp ab i^p af^dlk^ibp-‚
11- Tk sb`qlo = ab R) qfbkb ilkdfqra 5- Tk sb`qlo > ab Ri qfbkb i^ molmfba^a ab nrb m^o^qlal m^o ab bp`^i^obp s b v ilp sb`qlobp s>9+ t? X 2t> + 7s? plk loqldlk^ibp-B^i`ri^o i^p ilkdfqrabp ab > u ab /= * 0>+
12- C^alp alp sb`qlobp > < '0+1+2+3+ 4( X ? < /+ h+H+h+p( ab Sj% G^ii^o alp sb`qlobpB v C nrb p^qfpc^d^k i^p qobp `lkaf`flkbp pfdrfbkqbp9 B bp m^o^ibil ^ =) C bp loqldlk^i^ =) v > < B * C-
13- C^alp bk R) alp sb`qlobp = v > kl krilp v kl m^o^ibilp+ abjlpqo^o nrb bufpqbk sb`ql,obp B v C bk R) nrb p^qfpc^`bk i^p qobp`lkaf`flkbp abi bgbo`f`fl 12 v bumobp^o B v C bkcrk`fŽk ab = u >+
14- Cbjlpqo^o pf bp l kl `fboq^ `^a^ rk^ ab i^p molmlpf`flkbp pfdrfbkqbp obi^qfs^p ^ sb`,qlobp bk S*8^( Rf > bp loqldlk^i ^ >) GG?* r>.. w GG?GGm^o^ qlal k•jbol ob^i r+_( Rf GG?(r>EE w GG?GGm^o^ qlal k•jbol ob^i r) = bp loqldlk^i ^ >+
)*&1 C_\eRPPV\[R`&h[TbY\ QRQ\` cRPa\_R` R[ RYR`]NPV\ QR i QVZR[`V\[R`
Di molar`ql bp`^i^o ab alp sb`qlobp bk S0 qfbkb rk^ fkqbomobq^`fŽk dblj‹qof`^fkqbobp^kqb- K^ cfdro^ 01-00 ^( jrbpqo^ alp sb`qlobp dblj‹qof`lp kl krilp = v >nrb cloj^k rk Škdril %d+Dk bpqb bgbjmil+ qbkbjlp N ; %d; %5Q, K^ cfdro^01-00 _( jrbpqo^ bi jfpjl sb`qlo = u alp sb`qlobp mbombkaf`ri^obp `rv^ prj^bp >, Tkl ab biilp+ o?* bp bi molar`ql ab ? mlo rk bp`^i^o nrb ii^j^jlp i^ kmj+t`^^d‡i _` > nj]m` ?, Dk bpqb bgbjmil+ o bp mlpfqfsl v^ nrb N ; %d; e6S-
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EHFTQ@ 01-00 Bg q`^ojm o? `n g\ kmjt`^^d‡i _` > nj]m` ?,
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Olabjlp rqfifw^o ilp molar`qlp bp`^i^obp m^o^ bumobp^o o bk crk`fŽk ab = v?, Olkbjlp mofjbol o? 9-z--b < > X qlj^o irbdl bi molar`ql bp`^i^o ab `^a^
jfbj_ol mlo ? l_qbkfbkal
o? , ? * @8? < > , ? ,
Obol @8? < N+ ab_fal ^ nrb b pb af_rgŽ mbombkaf`ri^o ^ ?, Olo `lkpfdrfbkqbn‚ 7> < = +>) `lk il nrb qbkbjlp
'01-7( =$> =$>n:**:**)>$ > EE>EE0
Olo lqo^ m^oqb+bi bp`^i^o o lofdfk^ rk^ pbk`fii^ obi^`fŽk m^o^ bi Škdril K+ Cb i^cfdro^ 01-00 _(+ sbjlp nrb
`lp ` < 00 o?// < qI \GG?GG GG?G &
@mif`^kal '01-7( bk bpq^ cŽojri^+ bk`lkqo^jlp nrb
'01-8(
l
=$>`lp b< ,,,
GG?GGGG@GG
> , ? < GG?00GG@GG`lp `,
Cf`el ab lqol jlal+ bi molar`ql bp`^i^o ;ib alp sb`qlobp kl krilp = v > ab R0
bp fdr^i ^i molar`ql ab qobp k•jbolp9 i^ ilkdfqra ab =) i^ ab >) v bi `lpbkl abiŠkdril nrb cloj^k-
Ijn q`^ojm`n ^jjm_`i\_jn pido\mdjn 450
K^ fdr^ia^a '01-8( prdfbob rk^ j^kbo^ ab abcfkfo bi `lk`bmql ab Škdril bkRiŠ K^ abpfdr^ia^a ab B^r`ev,R`et^ow+ bumobp^a^bk i^ cloj^ '01-3(+ jrbpqo^nrb bi `l`fbkqb abi pbdrkal jfbj_ol ab '01-8( qfbkb s^ilo ^_plirql z 0 m^o^alp sb`qlobp `r^ibpnrfbo^ ab S i, N ab lqol jlal+ qbkbjlp
=$>,0 ; ,, ; 0-,GG?GGGG@GG,
Olo il q^kql+bufpqbrk plil k•jbol ob^i %dbk bi fkqbos^il N z %dw 6R q^i nrb '01-8(bp `fboq^-Cbcfkfjlp bi Škdril bkqob= v > `ljl bpb k•jbol %d+K^ afp`rpfŽk ^kqb,oflo pb obprjb bk i^ abcfkf`fŽk pfdrfbkqb-
CDEHMHBHˆM- P`\i > v ? _jn q`^ojm`n _` Si* ^ji ? ;/; N- Bg q`^ojm o?*nd`i_j
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n` gg\h\ g\ kmjt`^^d‡i _` > nj]m` ?, Pd > X ? nji \h]jn ij ipgjn* `g ƒibpgj %d
lp` ajmh\i n` _`adi` h`_d\io` g\ dbp\g_\_,
=$>%d< ^o``lp ,,,
GG?GGGG@GG
Kjo\8 K^ crk`fŽk ^ob `lpbkl obpqofkdb '( ^i fkqbos^il M 994'x994 /Q, N_p‹osbpb q^j,_f‹k nrb '( < q0S `r^kal ={ > < N-
01-0/ Klp sb`qlobp `lloabk^alp rkfq^oflp
Dk bi `^mŒqril8 ^mobkafjlp nrb qlal k•jbol `ljmibgl %[)\& mrbab bumob,p^opbbk i^ cloj^ [ * ]d*bk alkab d obmobpbkqbi k•jbol `ljmibgl 'N+ 0(- @kŠ,ild^jbkqb+ qlal sb`qlo %[) \& ab R0 mrbab bumobp^opbbk i^ cloj^
%[)\& < [%f) N( * \%K) 0( -
Klp alp sb`qlobp '0+ N( X 'N+ 0( nrb jriqfmif`^k ilp `ljmlkbkqbp \ v ] pb abkljf,k^k q`^ojm`n ^jjm_`i\_jn pido\mdjn,Hkqolar`fjlp ^elo^ bi `lk`bmql ^kŠildl bk SiŠ
CDEHMHBHˆM- Bi Si* gjn i q`^ojm`n Bg< '0+ N +--- +N(+ B0 < 'N+ 0+ N+ --- +N(+,,, *Bi < 'N+ N+ -- N+ 0( n` gg\h\i q`^ojm`n ^jjm_`i\_jn pido\mdjn, Bg f+„ndhj^jhkji`io` _` B9 `n 0 u oj_jn gjn _`hƒn ^jhkji`io`n nji ^`mj,
451 >gb`]m\ q`^ojmd\g
K^ abkljfk^`fŽk ab ~sb`qlo rkfq^ofl‚ mol`bab abi eb`el ab nrb `^a^sb`qlo Bf qfbkb ilkdfqra 0- N_p‹osbpb nrb bplp sb`qlobp plk loqldlk^ibp bkqob pŒ+bpql bp+ bi molar`ql bp`^i^o ab alp `r^ibpnrfbo^ ab biilp bp `bol+
Bf Š B* < M pf f x d+
RCMPCK? 01-5- Qj_j q`^ojm W < 'u-+ --- + si' _` Si kp`_` `skm`n\mn` `ig\ ajmh\
i
W < t0C0 * --- * rhAh <GreAe{FRG
>_`hƒn* `no\ m`km`n`io\^d‡i `n ˆid^\, Bnoj `n* nd
vi
`ioji^`n s* < Ue k\m\ ^\_\ q\gjm f < 0+1+ --- + i,
A`hjnom\^d‡i, K^ mofjbo^ molmlpf`fŽk obpriq^ fkjbaf^q^jbkqb ab i^ abcf,kf`fŽk ab ^af`fŽk v jriqfmif`^`fŽk mlo bp`^i^obp- K^ rkf`fa^a bp `lkpb`rbk`f^ abi^ abcfkf`fŽk ab fdr^ia^a ab sb`qlobp-
Tk^ prj^ abi qfml Gy>y pb ii^j^ ^jh]di\^d‡i gdi`\g ab ilp sb`qlobp=f) +++)=iŠ Di qblobj^ 01-5 klp af`b nrb qlal sb`qlo ab Ri mrbab bumobp^opb`ljl `lj_fk^`fŽk ifkb^i ab ilp sb`qlobp `lloabk^alp rkfq^oflp- Dumobp^jlp bpqlaf`fbkal nrb ilp sb`qlobp `lloabk^alp rkfq^oflp Ch=--- +Bi dbkbo^k bi bpm^`fl Si,S^j_f‹k ab`fjlp nrb dbkbo^k S i `lk pid^d_\_ mlonrb i^ obmobpbkq^`fŽk ab rksb`qlo `ljl `lj_fk^`fŽk ifkb^i ab Af) +++) Bi bp •kf`^- Nqolp `lkgrkqlp ab sb`,qlobp afpqfkqlp ab ilp Bg* ,,, *Bi q^j_f‹k dbkbo^k S i `lk rkf`fa^a+ v bk i^ pb`,`fŽk 01-01 bpqraf^objlp q^ibp `lkgrkqlp-
Dk R0 ilp sb`qlobp `lloabk^alp rkfq^oflp Af v A0 cob`rbkqbjbkqb pb abpfd,k^k+ obpmb`qfs^jbkqb+ `lk ilp pŒj_lilp d u gbk kbdofq^ `ropfs^- Dk U^ pb rqfifw^kilp pŒj_lilp o,dv f bk ird^o ab Af) B0* B\, @idrk^p sb`bp pb `lil`^ rk^ cib`e^ lrk^ _^oo^ bk`fj^ abi pŒj_lil+ mlo bgbjmil . l g, Di pfdkfcf`^al dblj‹qof`labi qblobj^ 01-5 bpqŠ obmobpbkq^al bk i^ cfdro^ 01-01 m^o^ i < 2-
Br^kal ilp sb`qlobp pb bumobp^k `ljl `lj_fk^`flkbp ifkb^ibp ab ilp sb`,qlobp `lloabk^alp rkfq^oflp+ ilp `Ši`rilp ^idb_o^f`lp `lk ^nrbiilp mrbabk bcb`qr^o,pb `lk i^p prj^p GreAe ab ^`rboal `lk i^p obdi^p rpr^ibp abi „idb_o^- Blkpf,abo^kal ilp `lbcf`fbkqbp ab ilp sb`qlobp `lloabk^alp rkfq^oflp+ mrbabk l_qbkbopbilp `ljmlkbkqbp bk `r^inrfbo jljbkql abi `Ši`ril- Olo bgbjmil+ m^o^ prj^oalp sb`qlobp+ > < %[f; +++ ) [i' u ? < &]p% ,, * ]i'* bp`of_fjlp
Be`m^d^djn 452
EHFTQ@ 01-01 Ri q`^ojm @ _` U^ `skm`n\_j ^jhj ^jh]di\^d‡i gdi`\g _` c)d)f,
u ^mif`^jlp i^ molmfba^a ab ifkb^ifa^a ab prj^p cfkfq^p l_qbkfbkal
i i i
> * ? < G\!B! * G]!B! < G&\! * ]!'B** ,!<0 !z0 !z0
Di `lbcf`fbkqb ab B! bk bi pbdrkal jfbj_ol bp bi h,‹pfjl `ljmlkbkqb ab i^ prj^=+ * >+
)*&)) :WR_PVPV\`
0- Cbqbojfk^o i^ molvb``fŽk ab @ pl_ob ? pf @ < 'i+ 1+ 2( X ? < 'i+ 1+ 1(-1- Cbqbojfk^o i^ molvb``fŽk ab @ pl_ob ? pf @ < '3+ 2+ 1+ 0( X ? < '0+0+0+0(-2- ^( Rb^k @ < '5+ 2+ ,1( X \* ]* ^ ilp Škdrilp nrb @ cloj^ `lk ilp sb`qlobp `lloabk^alp
rkfq^oflp c)d)e) obpmb`qfs^jbkqb- B^i`ri^o `lp \* `lp \ v `lp ^, Dpqlp pb ii^j^k ilp`lpbklp afob`qlobp ab @- _( G^ii^o qlalp ilp sb`qlobp ab Rx ab ilkdfqra 0 m^o^ibilp ^ =+
3- Cbjlpqo^o nrb bi Škdril nrb cloj^k @ < '0+ 1+ 0( X N < '1+ 0+ ,0( bp bi al_ib abi nrbcloj^k b < '0+3+ 0( X @ < '1+ 4+ 4(-
4- Cbqbojfk^o sb`qlof^i jbkqb ilp `lpbklp ab ilp Škdrilp abi qofŠkdril bk bi bpm^al ab2 afjbkpflkbp `rvlp s‹oqf`bp plk ilp mrkqlp '1+ ,0+ 0(+'0+ ,2+ ,4(+ X '2+ ,3+ ,3(-
5- Sobp sb`qlobp >* O* b ab U^ p^qfpc^`bk i^p molmfba^abp pfdrfbkqbp9
eh?GG< GGAGG< 4+ he@h0< 0+ GG?, ? * AGG< GG?* ? * AGG-
Rf bi Škdril nrb cloj^k = u > bp +!.7! e^ii^o bi nrb cloj^k > u B-
*+) >gb`]m\ q`^ojmd\g
6- C^alp qobpsb`qlobp kl krilp =) >) b ab R!+ RrmŽkd^pb nrb bi Škdril nrb cloj^k = v bbp fdr^i ^i nrb cloj^k > v B- Cbjlpqo^o nrb b bp loqldlk^i ^i sb`qlo GG@GG?, GG?GG@-
7- Rb^ '( bi Škdril nrb cloj^k ilp alp sb`qlobp pfdrfbkqbp ab S Š,8 > < '0+ 0+ --- + 0( v? < '0+ 1+ --- + h&+G^ii^o bi s^ilo iŒjfqb ab '( `r^kal h$*( ]] +
8- Qbplisbo bi bgbo`f`fl 7 pf = < '1+ 3+ 5+ --- + /h& v > < '0+ 2+ 4+ --- + /h * 0(+0/- C^alp alp sb`qlobp = < '`lp '(+ ,pbk '( v > < 'pbk '(+mlp K& ab R0Š
^( Cbjlpqo^o nrb = v > plk sb`qlobp loqldlk^ibp ab ilkdfqra 0- G^`bo rk af_rgl bkbi nrb = v > clojbk rk Škdril %F < 6S.5-_( G^ii^o qlalp ilp sb`qlobp %r)s& ab R0 q^ibp nrb %r)s& :r= * s>+ @pbdro^opb abnrb pb `lkpfabo^k qlalp ilp mlpf_ibp s^ilobp ab '(-
00- Cbjlpqo^o sb`qlof^ijbkqb nrb i^p af^dlk^ibp ab rk olj_l plk mbombkaf`ri^obp-01- Eloj^kal bi molar`ql bp`^i^o ab ilp alp sb`qlobp '`lp [) pbk [& v '`lp \) pbk \&) abar`fo
i^ fabkqfa^a qofdlklj‹qof`^ `lp %[ * \& < `lp [ `lp \ * pbk [ pbk \+
02- Rf %F bp bi Škdril nrb cloj^k ilp sb`qlobp kl krilp = v > ab R!$ abjlpqo^o nrb
GG?, >EE0 < EE=001* GG@G01, 1 GG?GGGG@GG`lp %F+
Hkqbomobq^aldblj‹qof`^jbkqb bk S0* bpqb bp bi qblobj^ abi `lpbkl ab i^ SofdlkljbqoŒ^-03- Rrmlkd^jlp nrb bk ird^o ab abcfkfo bi molar`ql bp`^i^o ab alp sb`qlobp > < %[! $†† ) [))&
v > < %\! +++ +\ ††& mlo i^ cŽojri^ ={> < 09:<0[e\e) rp^jlp i^ abcfkf`fŽk pfdrfbkqb9
h
> , ? < 09g\f]fY ,F5G
ƒBrŠibp ab i^p molmfba^abp abi qblobj^ 01-1 plk sŠifa^p `lk bpq^ abcfkf`fŽk> ƒDp sŠ,ifa^ i^ abpfdr^ia^a ab B^r`ev,R`et^ow>
04- Rrmlkd^jlp nrb bk S/ abcfkfjlp bi molar`ql bp`^i^o ab alp sb`qlobp > < %[f$ [/& v? < '_
h+]0' `lk i^ cŽojri^
Cbjlpqo^o nrb plk sŠifa^p qla^p i^p molmfba^abp abi qblobj^ 01-1 `lk bpq^ abcfkf`f5k-ƒDp sŠifa^ i^ abpfdr^ia^a ab B^r`ev,R`et^ow>
05- Qbplisbo bi bgbo`f`fl 04 pf bi molar`ql bp`^i^o ab alp sb`qlobp = < %[! [0* [[& v? < '_
!]0* ]\' ab S\ pb abcfkb jbaf^kqb i^ cŽojri^ >} ? < 1^i_i * \0]0 * ^^_^
* ^i_^ * ^^_i -06- Rrmlkd^jlp nrb bk ird^o ab abcfkfo i^ kloj^ ab rk sb`qlo > < %[ ) +++ ) [))& `lk i^
c5ojri^ &>}@(i.z rp^jlp i^ abcfkf`fŽk pfdrfbkqb9
^( Cbjlpqo^o nrb bpq^ abcfkf`fŽk ab kloj^ p^qfpc^`b qla^p i^p molmfba^abp ab ilp qbl,obj^p 01-3 v 01-4-_( Tp^o bpq^ abcfkf`fŽk bk S0 u obmobpbkq^obk rk^ cfdro^ bi `lkgrkql ab qlalp ilpmrkqlp 'u+ u( ab kloj^ 0-
Biqjgq`io` gdi`\g _` pi ^jiepioj adidoj _` q`^ojm`n 454
b( ƒBrŠibp ab i^p molmfba^abp ab ilp qblobj^p 01-3 v 01-4 pboŒ^ksŠifa^p pf rpŠo^jlp i^abcfkf`fŽk
07- Rrmlkd^jlp nrb i^ kloj^ ab rk sb`qlo > < %[f$+++)[i' pb abcfkfbo^ `lk i^ cŽojri^
GG?GG< j^u F[ef)f9e9h
alkab bi pŒj_lil abi pbdrkal jfbj_ol obmobpbkq^ bi jŠufjl ab ilp i k•jbolpH]hh+g\0/* ,,, * g\ig}^( ƒBrŠibp ab i^p molmfba^abp ab ilp qblobj^p 01-3 u 01-4 plk sŠifa^p `lk bp^ abcfkf`fŽk>_( Tp^o bp^ abcfkf`fŽk ab kloj^ bk S 1 X obmobpbkq^obk rk^ cfdro^ bi `lkgrkql abqlalp ilp mrkqlp %r)u( ab kloj^ 0-
08- Rf > < %[f$ +++† [i' bp, rk sb`qlo ab S Š, abcfkfo alp kloj^p abi jlal pfdrfbkqb9
i
GG?000< Y g\fgfx/
v GG?001 < j^u g\fg,f98e98h
Cbjlpqo^o nrb GG?G01z GG?GGy GG?GGH‘Hkqbomobq^odblj‹qof`^jbkqb bpq^ abpfdr^ia^a bkbi mi^kl-
1/- Rf = X > plk alp mrkqlp bk bi bpm^`fl ab i afjbkpflkbp+ i^ afpq^k`f^ ab = ^ > pb abpfd,k^ `lk ^%=) >& X pb abcfkb `lk i^ fdr^ia^a ^%=) >& < GG?, >EE+Cbjlpqo^o nrb i^ afpq^k,`f^ qfbkb i^p molmfba^abp pfdrfbkqbp9
'^( ^%=)>& < ^%>)=&+ '_( ^%=)>& < N pf u p50/ pf = < >+'b( ^%=)@(y ^%=)A( * ^%?)>&+
)*&)* :[c\YcR[aR YV[RNYQRb[ P\[Wb[a\ SV[Va\QRcRPa\_R`
Rb^ R < u=x) +++) @a WQ`lkgrkql kl s^`Œl nrb `lkpq^ ab e sb`qlobp ab Rh)
alkab f* bi k•jbol ab sb`qlobp+mrbab pbojbklo+ fdr^il j^vlo nrb i* i^ afjbkpfŽkabi bpm^`fl- Rf rk sb`qlo Wab Si mrbab obmobpbkq^opb`ljl rk^ `lj_fk^`fŽk ifkb^iab @i+ --- + =e) mlo bgbjmil
f
U < u^d>d*'4)
pb af`b nrb R b`i`m\ ^i sb`qlo W-
CDEHMHBHˆM- Bg ^jiepioj _` aj_jn gjn q`^ojm`n b`i`m\_jn kjm R n` _`ijhdi\`iqjgq`io` gdi`\g _` R v n` _`ndbi\ kjm I&P',
.// >gb`]m\ q`^ojmd\g
Cf`el ab lqol jlal+ i^ bkslisbkqb ifkb^i ab P bp pfjmibjbkqb bi `lkgrkql abqla^p i^p mlpf_ibp`lj_fk^`flkbp ifkb^ibp ab sb`qlobp bk P, N_p‹osbpb nrb i^p `lj,_fk^`flkbp ifkb^ibp ab sb`qlobp ab I&P' mboqbkb`bkq^j_f‹k ^ I&P', Cb`fjlp nrbP b`i`m\ oj_j `g `nk\^dj Si pf I&P' < SiŠ
CHCKNJM 0- Rb^ P < x@iy&Dkqlk`bp I&P' `lkpq^ ab qlalp ilp molar`qlp ab=f mlo bp`^i^obp-
CHCKNJM 1- Slal `lkgrkql P < x@i+--- -@a dbkbo^ bi sb`qlo kril v^ nrbN < L>y * --- )L>e† Dpq^ obmobpbkq^`fŽk+bk i^ nrb qlalp ilp `lbcf`fbkqbpBi&-‘‘ +?e plk `bol+ pb ii^j^ m`km`n`io\^d‡i omdqd\gabi sb`qlo kril- Rfk bj_^odl+mrbabk bufpqfo lj_fk^`flkbp ifkb^ibp kl qofsf^ibpnrb obmobpbkqbkN- Olo bgbjmil+prmlkd^jlp nrb rkl ab ilp sb`qlobp ab P bp bi molar`ql ab lqol mlo rk bp`^i^o+pb^ >0 < 0>y, Sbkbjlp bkqlk`bp jr`e^p obmobpbkq^`flkbpkl qofsf^ibpab N+ mlobgbjmil
l < 0o>. * o>/ * L>0 * --- * L>E_)
pfbkal o `r^inrfbo bp`^i^o kl kril-Mlp fkqbobp^kbk bpmb`f^i ilp `lkgrkqlp P nrb dbkbo^k ilp sb`qlobp ab rk^
pli^ j^kbo^-
CDEHM(BHˆM- Ri ^jiepioj P < u=b$ ++) @a _` q`^ojm`n _` Sh b`i`m\ \ V^ji pid^d_\_ ndP b`i`m\ \ V t nd
'01-0/(ib
W < I^d>dcw.
tib
T < I_d>d8.:
dhkgd^\ `* < _d k\m\ oj_j f -
Dk i^p alp prj^p nrb ^m^ob`bkbk '01-0/(+ pb pl_obbkqfbkab nrb ilp sb`qlobp@e --- +>f bpqŠkbp`ofqlpbk bi jfpjl loabk ^pŒljl q^j_f‹k nrb i^ fjmif`^`fŽk'01-0/( bp sŠifa^ m^o^ rk^ loabk^`fŽk mobcfg^a mbol ^o_fqo^of^ab ilp sb`qlobp>c ,,, *>f,
RCMPCK? 01-6- Ri ^jiepioj P b`i`m\ pi q`^ojm ^p\glpd`m\ _` I&P' ^ji pid+^d_\_ ndv n‡gj ndP b`i`m\ ^ji pid^d_\_ `g q`^ojm ^`mj,
A`hjnom\^d‡i, Rf P dbkbo^ `r^inrfbo sb`qlo ab I&P' `lk rkf`fa^a+ bsfabk,qbjbkqb dbkbo^ N `lk rkf`fa^a- O^o^ abjlpqo^o bi ob`Œmol`l+prmlkd^jlp nrb Rdbkbo^ N `lk rkf`fa^a v bifg^jlp `r^inrfbo sb`qlo W ab H%O&+Rrmlkd^jlp nrbR dbkbo^ W ab alp j^kbo^p+ mlo bgbjmil
ib
U < I^d>dc:.
uib
V < I_d>d,c:.
Fi_`k`i_`i^d\ gdi`\g 456
Qbpq^kal+ bk`lkqo^jlp nrb N < 1zz0 @@d9+ _d'>d , Obol mrbpql nrb R dbkbo^ N `lkrkf`fa^a+ ab_b pbo @d+ _d < M m^o^ qlal c)^pŒnrb R dbkbo^ W `lk rkf`fa^a-
)*&)+ =[QR]R[QR[PVNYV[RNY
Di qblobj^ 01-6 abjrbpqo^ i^ fjmloq^k`f^ ab ilp `lkgrkqlp nrb dbkbo^k `lkrkf`fa^a bi sb`qlo `bol- S^ibp `lkgrkqlp pb afpqfkdrbk `lk rk klj_ob bpmb`f^i-
CDEHMHBHˆM- Ri ^jiepioj R < v> * ,,, * @a lp` `ib`i_m\ ^ji pid^d_\_ `gq`^ojm ^`mj n` _`ijhdi\ ^jiepioj _` q`^ojm`n gdi`\gh`io` di_`k`i_d`io`, A` ij n`m\n…R `n pi ^jiepioj gdi`\gh`io` _`k`i_d`io`,
Cf`el ab lqol jlal+ i^ di_`k`i_`i^d\ pfdkfcf`^ nrb R bkdbkao^ N •kf`^,jbkqb `lk i^ obmobpbkq^`fŽk qofsf^i9
f
1 ^d>d < M fjmif`^ qlal `• < M -f<i
K^ _`k`i_`i^d\ pfdkfcf`^ nrb R bkdbkao^ N bk ^idrk^ cloj^ kl qofsf^i- Dpql bp+
m^o^ rklp `fboqlp bp`^i^obp b! --- + `n* qbkbjlp
f
1 ^d>9< N mbol kl qlal `* bp `bol-c:f
Rf _fbk i^ abmbkabk`f^ b fkabmbkabk`f^ plk molmfba^abp ab ilp ^jiepiojn absb`qlobp+ bp `loofbkqb ^mif`^o q^j_f‹k bp^p abkljfk^`flkbp ^ ilp jfpjlp sb`qlobp-Olo bgbjmil+ ilp sb`qlobp ab rk `lkgrkql ifkb^ijbkqb fkabmbkafbkqb pb ii^j^k ^jbkral sb`qlobp ifkb^ijbkqb fkabmbkafbkqbp- Blksbkfjlp q^j_f‹k bk ii^j^o `lk,grkql ifkb^ijbkqb fkabmbkafbkqb ^i `lkgrkql s^`Œl-
Klp bgbjmilp nrb pfdrbk mrbabk pbosfo m^o^ molcrkafw^o bk ilp `lk`bmqlp ababmbkabk`f^ b fkabmbkabk`f^-
DIDLOKN 0- Rf rk pr_`lkgrkql Q ab rk `lkgrkql R bp abmbkafbkqb+ bi jfpjlR bp abmbkafbkqb+ mlonrb pf Q dbkbo^ N bk cloj^ kl qofsf^i+ 0/ jfpjl e^`b R- Dpqlbp iŽdf`^jbkqb bnrfs^ibkqb ^ i^ molmlpf`fŽk ab nrb qlal pr_`lkgrkql ab rk`lkgrkql fkabmbkafbkqb bp fkabmbkafbkqb-
DIDLOKN 1- Klp i sb`qlobp `lloabk^alp rkfq^oflp B! ,,, * Bi ab Si dbkbo^kN `lk rkf`fa^a ^pŒmrbp plk ifkb^ijbkqb fkabmbkafbkqbp-
DIDLOKN 2- Br^inrfbo `lkgrkql nrb `lkqbkd^ bi sb`qlo `bol bp abmbkafbkqb-Olo bgbjmil+ pf =) < N+ qbkbjlp i^ obmobpbkq^`fŽk kl qofsf^i N < .=) * K=0 (--- * K=e+
457 =fa_\l[ q`^ojmd\g
DIDLOKN 3- Di `lkgrkql R < uc)d)8* gy ab sb`qlobp ab R0 bp ifkb^ijbkqbabmbkafbkqb mlonrb qbkbjlp i^ obmobpbkq^`fŽkkl qofsf^i abi sb`qlo `bol
l < c* f * %*E&%c* d&+
Dk bpqbbgbjmil bi pr_`lkgrkql Q < vd*ew bpifkb^ijbkqb fkabmbkafbkqb-Di qbo`bosb`qlo+ d* g+bp ab i^ bkslisbkqb ifkb^i ab P+Di qblobj^ pfdrfbkqb abjrbpqo^ nrbpf ^agrkq^jlp ^ dv f `r^inrfbo sb`qlo ab i^ bkslisbkqb ifkb^i ab P) l_qbkbjlp rk`lkgrkql abmbkafbkqb-
SDNQDL@ 01-7- P`\ R < x@i&--- +@a pi ^jiepioj gdi`\gh`io` di_`k`i_d`i+o` _` f q`^ojm`n _` Si* v n`\ I&P' g\ `iqjgq`io` gdi`\g _` R- Qj_j ^jiepioj _`f * 0 q`^ojm`n _` I&P' `n gdi`\gh`io` _`k`i_d`io`,
A`hjnom\^d‡i, K^ abjlpqo^`fŽk pb e^`b mlo fkar``fŽk bk e) k•jbol ab sb`,qlobp ab R- Rrmlkd^jlp mofjbol f < 0- Dkqlk`bp+ mlo efmŽqbpfp+R `lkpq^ ab rksb`qlo+ q^i `ljl @i+pfbkal @i z N v^ nrb R bp fkabmbkafbkqb-Sljbjlp ^elo^alp sb`qlobp afpqfkqlp `r^ibpnrfbo^ ?/ v ?0 ab I&P', Dkqlk`bp `^a^ rkl bp bi mol,ar`ql ab @i mlo rk bp`^i^o+mlo bgbjmil >g ;^/=g v >0 < ^0=x) kl pfbkal ?g X@0 ilp alp krilp- Lriqfmif`^kal >) mlo @0 X>0 mlo @g X obpq^kal+bk`lkqo^jlp nrb
Dpq^bp rk^ obmobpbkq^`fŽkkl qofsf^i ab N ^pŒnrb >) v >0 plk abmbkafbkqbp-Dpqlabjrbpqo^ bi qblobj^ `r^kal f < 0-
Rrmlkd^jlp ^elo^ nrb bi qblobj^ bi{sŠifal m^o^f + 0 Xs^jlp ^ abjlpqo^onrb q^j_f‹k il bp m^o^ e+ Sljbjlp `r^inrfbo `lkgrkql ab e * 0 sb`qlobp abH%O&)pb^ P < v?g* ?0* ŠŠŠ * ?E/w% Prbobjlp abjlpqo^o nrb P bp ifkb^ijbkqb ab,mbkafbkqb-Orbpql nrb `^a^ >c bp ab H%O&)mlabjlp bp`of_fo
'01-00(e
n*< ƒ \dd>dc:.
k\m\ `^a^ d < 0+1+ --- +f * 0- Du^jfkbjlp qlalp ilp bp`^i^obp \,* nrb jriqfmif,`^k @i v bp`fka^jlp i^ abjlpqo^`fŽk bk alp `^plp pbd•k pb^k qlalp ilp bp`^i^obpkrilp l kl-
@>PL 0- ^fi < M k\m\* oj_j d < 0+1+ --- +f * 0- Dk bpqb`^pl i^ prj^ ab'01-00( kl fk`irvb @i ^pŒnrb `^a^ >x ab P mboqbkb`b i^ bkslisbkqb ifkb^i abi`lkgrkql P%< v>0* ŠŠŠ * >_, Obol P%bp ifkb^ijbkqb fkabmbkafbkqb v `lkpq^ abf + 0 sb`qlobp- Rbd•k i^ efmŽqbpfpab fkar``fŽk+ bi qblobj^ bp sŠifal m^o^ f + 0`lk il nrb bi `lkgrkql P bp abmbkafbkqb-Dpql abjrbpqo^ bi qblobj^ bk bi B^pl 0-
Fi_`k`i_`i^d\ gdi`\g ./2
@>PL 1- Kj oj_jn gjn `n^\g\m`n \c nji ^`mj, Rrmlkd^jlp nrb ^0i " N- 'Rfbp mob`fpl+mlabjlp slisbo ^ krjbo^o ilp D m^o^nrb pb^ ^pŒ-(Slj^kal e< 0 bki^ fdr^ia^a '01-00( v jriqfmif`^kal ^j_lp jfbj_olp mlo ^,* pfbkal ^o :\yya\i* iibd^jlp ^
f
]x>. < [cf=f * K ]xMxd=d +ex0
Cb bpq^fdr^ia^a obpqbjlp i^ '01-00( v l_qbkbjlp
]x>. * >x < J %]x[.d * [cd&=d )0<1
m^o^ d < 1+ --- + e * 0- Dpq^ b`r^`fŽk bumobp^ `^a^ rkl ab ilp e sb`qlobp`fDh, ?d `ljl `lj_fk^`fŽk ifkb^i ab f + 0 sb`qlobp ifkb^ijbkqb fkabmbkafbkqbp>0* ŠŠŠ * >f, Rbd•k i^ efmŽqbpfpab fkar``fŽk+ ilp f sb`qlobp ^,?* + ?, ab_bk pboabmbkafbkqbp-Olo il q^kql+m^o^-rklp `fboqlp bp`^i^obpo0* ŠŠŠ * nc*y+kl qlalp krilp+qbkbjlp
(%*I nx%]x>.* >x& < M +z<1
ab i^ nrb obpriq^
Obol ‹pq^ bp rk^ `lj_fk^`fŽk ifkb^i kl qofsf^i ab Di +--- +>e(f nrb obmobpbkqbisb`qlo `bol+ `lk il `r^i ilp sb`qlobp Di&--- +DTi ab_bk pbo abmbkafbkqbp-Dpql`ljmibq^ i^ abjlpqo^`fŽk-
@ `lkqfkr^`fŽk abjlpqo^jlp nrb bi `lk`bmql ab loqldlk^ifa^a bpqŠŒkqfj^,jbkqb obi^`flk^al `lk i^ fkabmbkabk`f^ ifkb^i-
CDEHMHBHˆM- Ri ^jiepioj _` q`^ojm`n R < v>g<,,, *@a _` Sdgn` _`ijhdi\jmojbji\g nd>d Š >y < M nd`hkm` lp` e" c+Ad^cj _` jomj hj_j* _jn q`^ojm`n _dn+odiojn ^p\g`nlpd`m\ _` pi ^jiepioj jmojbji\gnji k`mk`i_d^pg\m`n,
RCMPCK? 01-8- @p\glpd`m^jidpioj jmojbji\g R < v>g* ,,, * @a _` q`^oj+m`nij ipgjn _` S i `n gdi`\gh`io` di_`k`i_d`io`, >_`hƒn* ndR b`i`m\ pi q`^ojm W+n`\ `no`
'01-01(g`
T < I`y>y*f<i
46/ €gb`]m\ q`^ojmd\g
`ioji^`n gjn a\^ojm`n `n^\g\m`n `h+ ŠŠŠ,^y qd`i`i _\_jn kjm g\n a‡mhpg\n
T$ =d
&/0,/1' ^d < ,, k\m\ d < 0+1+--- +f,>9%>e
A`hjnom\^d‡i, Cbjlpqobjlp mofjbol nrb R bp ifkb^ijbkqb fkabmbkafbkqb-Rrmlkd^jlp nrb Gyyh`,>* < N- Lriqfmif`^kal bp`^i^ojbkqb `^a^ jfbj_ol mlo @iv qbkfbkal bk `rbkq^ nrb =f +=c:K m^o^ `^a^ d ;/; 0+bk`lkqo^jlp `i'@G Š=f& < N-Obol '@i& =f& ;/; N mrbpql nrb @i ;/; N+ `lk il nrb BG< N- Qbmfqfbkal bpqbo^wl,k^jfbkql `lk =f prpqfqrfal mlo =x) bk`lkqo^jlp nrb `^a^ ?x < ^- Olo `lkpfdrfbkqbR dbkbo^ N `lk rkf`fa^a mlo il nrb R bp ifkb^ijbkqb fkabmbkafbkqb-
Rrmlkd^jlp ^elo^ nrb R dbkbo^ T `ljl bk '01-01(- Eloj^kal bi molar`qlbp`^i^o ab T mlo =x `ljl ^kqbp+bk`lkqo^jlp nrb ]x%=x$=x& < W&=x ab alkabl_qbkbjlp '01-02(-
Rf qlalp ilp sb`qlobp @i+ --- +>e abi qblobj^ 01-8 qfbkbkkloj^ 0+i^ cŽojri^m^o^ilp jriqfmif`^alobp pb pfjmifcf`^ nrba^kal bk i^ cloj^
^e;U}>9,
Tk `lkgrkql ab sb`qlobp loqldlk^ibp u=x) +++) @a `^a^ rkl ab ilp `r^ibp qfbkbkloj^ 0+ pb abkljfk^ `lkgrkql jmojijmh\g, Klp sb`qlobp `lloabk^alp rkfq^oflpDi+--- +Bi plk rk bgbjmil ab `lkgrkql loqlkloj^i-
)*&), 7N`R`
Dp `loofbkqb bpqraf^o `lkgrkqlp ab sb`qlobp nrb dbkbobk `r^inrfbo sb`qlo abT+ `lk rkf`fa^a- S^ibp `lkgrkqlp pb ii^j^k ]\n`n ab Sh†
CDEHMHBHˆM- Ri ^jiepioj R < u=b$ ++) @a _` q`^ojm`n _` Sh `n pi\ ]\n`k\m\ Si ndR b`i`m\ oj_j q`^ojm _` s+ ^ji pid^d_\_, Pd*\_`hƒn* R `n jmojbji\g*`ioji^`n R n` _`ijhdi\ ]\n` jmojbji\g,
@pŒmrbp+rk^ _^pb bp rk `lkgrkql ifkb^ijbkqb fkabmbkafbkqbnrb dbkbo^ qlalbi bpm^`fl Sh† Di `lkgrkql ab sb`qlobp `lloabk^alp rkfq^oflp bp rk bgbjmil ab_^pb- Dpqb`^pl m^oqf`ri^o ab _^pb bp q^j_f‹k rk^ _^pb loqldlk^i- Cbjlpqobjlp^elo^ nrb qla^ _^pb `lkqfbkb bi jfpjl k•jbol ab bibjbkqlp-
RCMPCK? 01-0/- Bi pi `nk\^dj q`^ojmd\g_\_j Si* g\n ]\n`n od`i`i g\n kmj+kd`_\_`n ndbpd`io`n8
^( Qj_\ ]\n` ^jiod`i` `s\^o\h`io` i q`^ojm`n,_( @p\glpd`m^jiepioj _` q`^ojm`n gdi`\gh`io` di_`k`i_d`io`n `n pi np]^ji+
epioj _` pi\ ^d`mo\]\n`,b( @p\glpd`m^jiepioj _` i q`^ojm`n gdi`\gh`io` di_`k`i_d`io`n `n pi\ ]\n`,
Be`m^d^djn 460
A`hjnom\^d‡i, Klp sb`qlobp `lloabk^alp rkfq^oflp Dil ‘‘‘ + Bi `lkpqfqrvbkrk^ _^pb m^o^Si, Rf abjlpqo^jlp nrb alp _^pbp `r^ibpnrfbo^ `lkqfbkbk bi jfpjlk•jbol ab sb`qlobp l_qbkbjlp ^(-
Rb^k R u Q alp _^pbp+qbkfbkal R+f sb`qlobp v Q nrb qbkd^ l sb`qlobp- Rfl 8~ e) bkqlk`bp P `lkqfbkb mlo il jbklp e * 0 sb`qlobp ab H%O&)v^ nrb H%O&:Ri,
Olo `lkpfdrfbkqb+ bk sfoqra abi qblobj^ 01-7+Q ab_b pboifkb^ijbkqb abmbkafbkqb+bk `lkqo^af``fŽk `lk i^ efmŽqbpfpab nrb Q bp rk^ _^pb- Dpql pfdkfcf`^ nrb klmrbab pbo m= f* mlo q^kql pboŠmx f, @mif`^kal bi jfpjl o^wlk^jfbkql fkqbo,`^j_f^kal R v P) bk`lkqo^jlp nrb e w l+ Krbdl+ l < e `lk il nrb i^ m^oqb^(nrba^ abjlpqo^a^-
O^o^mol_^o _(+ pb^ R < x@i+--- +@a `r^inrfbo `lkgrkql ab sb`qlobp ifkb^i,jbkqb fkabmbkafbkqbab RiŠ Oc H%O&< Ri* R bp rk^ _^pb- Rf kl bp ^pŒ+bufpqbrk`fboql sb`qlo W ab Ri nrb kl mboqbkb`b H%O&+@agrkqbjlp bpqbsb`qlo ^ R v `lk,pfabobjlp bi krbsl `lkgrkql R&< x@i+ + >f* Tv+ Rf bpqb`lkgrkql crbo^ ab,mbkafbkqb+bufpqfoŒ^krklp bp`^i^obp`{+ +BGi&kl qlalp krilp+ q^ibpnrb
/:
1 ^d>d* @f)/U < M -d;g
Obol @f)o ;/; N mrbpql nrb ?h= --- + >f plk fkabmbkafbkqbp-Krbdl+ mlaoŒ^jlp ob,plisbo bp^ b`r^`fŽk obpmb`ql^ W v bk`lkqo^o nrb W C H%O&)bk `lkqo^af``fŽk `lkbi eb`el ab nrb W kl mboqbkb`b H%O&+Olo `lkpfdrfbkqb+ bi `lkgrkql R&bp ifkb^i,jbkqb fkabmbkafbkqbmbol `lkqfbkb f) 0 sb`qlobp- Rf I&P%'< Sh) R&bp rk^ _^pbv+mrbpql nrb R bp rk pr_`lkgrkql ab P%*i^ m^oqb_( nrba^ abjlpqo^a^- Rf R&kl bprk^ _^pb+mlabjlp o^wlk^o `lk R& ljl il ef`fjlp `lk R+l_qbkfbkal rk krbsl`lkgrkql R! nrb `lkqfbkb f * 1 sb`qlobp v bp ifkb^ijbkqb fkabmbkafbkqb-Rf R!bp rk^ _^pb+i^ m^oqb_( bpqŠabjlpqo^a^- Rf kl+ obmbqfjlp bi mol`bpl- Cb_bjlpiibd^o ^ rk^ _^pb ^i `^_l ab rk k•jbol cfkfql ab obmbqf`flkbpabi mol`bpl+ ab lqoljlal l_qbkaoŒ^jlp rk `lkgrkql fkabmbkafbkqb`lk i * 0 sb`qlobp+ bk `lkqo^af`,`fŽk `lk bi qblobj^ 01-7- Olo il q^kql i^ m^oqb_( nrba^ abjlpqo^a^-
Efk^ijbkqb+ rqfifw^kal i^p m^oqbp ( v _( abjlpqo^jlp `(- Rb^ R `r^inrfbo`lkgrkql ifkb^ijbkqb fkabmbkafbkqbnrb `lkpqb ab i sb`qlobp- Rbd•k i^ m^oqb_(+R bp rk pr_`lkgrkql ab rk^ `fboq^ _^pb >+ Obol pbd•k ^( i^ _^pb > qfbkb bu^`q^,jbkqb i bibjbkqlp+ `lk il nrb R < >+
01-04 Dgbo`f`flp
0- Rb^k: u d ilp sb`qlobp `lloabk^alp rkfq^oflp ab S0Š G^ii^o bk `^a^ `^pl bp`^i^obp s b u
q^ibp nrb r%c * d&* ': * d& bp fdr^i ^']( c8 '_( e9 'a( 2: , 3e9 'a( 6: * 3e,
1- Rf > < '0+ 1(+ ? < '1+ ,3(+ X b < '1+ ,2( plk qobp sb`qlobp ab S0
* e^ii^o rklp bp`^,i^obp s b u q^ibp nrb a < s> * s>+ ƒBrŠkqlp m^obp ab bplp bufpqbk>
.0+ >ob`]m\ q`^ojmd\g
2- Rf > < '1+ ,0+0(+ ? < '0+1+ ,0(+ X b < '1+ ,00+6( plk qobpsb`qlobp ab S\% e^ii^orklp bp`^i^obp s b u q^ibp nrb a < s> * t?,
3- Cbjlpqo^o nrb bi bgbo`f`fl 2 kl qfbkb plir`fŽk pf b pb obbjmi^w^ mlo bi sb`qlo '1+ 00+6(-4- Rb^k > v A alp sb`qlobp kl krilp ab S,
^( Rf = X > plk m^o^ibilp+abjlpqo^o nrb plk ifkb^ijbkqb abmbkafbkqbp-_( Rf = X > kl plk m^o^ibilp+abjlpqo^o nrb plk ifkb^ijbkqb fkabmbkafbkqbp-
5- Rf %[)\& u %_)& plk alp sb`qlobp ab R0% abjlpqo^o nrb plk ifkb^ijbkqb fkabmbkafbkqbp
pf u pŽil pf \_ + ]` :I5 N-6- G^ii^o qlalp ilp k•jbolp ob^ibp n m^o^ ilp `r^ibp ilp alp sb`qlobp '0 * o*0 , n& v
'0 , o*g* n&ab S0
pb^k ifkb^ijbkqb fkabmbkafbkqbp-7- Rb^k I+E+e ilp sb`qlobp `lloabk^alp rkfq^oflp ab R p&Cbjlpqo^o nrb ilp `r^qol sb`qlobp
c)d*e) 8 * f * e plk ifkb^ijbkqb abmbkafbkqbp+mbol nrb qobp`r^ibpnrfbo^ ab biilp plkifkb^ijbkqb fkabmbkafbkqbp-
8- Rb^k: u f ilp sb`qlobp `lloabk^alp rkfq^oflp ab R/
v R < x:+: * ew,^( Cbjlpqo^o nrb R bp ifkb^ijbkqb fkabmbkafbkqb-_( Cbjlpqo^o nrb f mboqbkb`b^ i^ bkslisbkqb ifkb^i ab R-b( Dumobp^o2: , 3g `ljl `lj_fk^`fŽk ifkb^i ab : b : * g-a( Cbjlpqo^o nrb H%O&< R0Š
0/- Blkpfabo^o ilp qobp sb`qlobp > <:+? < : * f v b < c * f * 1f ab S1Š
^( Cbjlpqo^o nrb bi `lkgrkql u=) 4$ax bp ifkb^ijbkqb fkabmbkafbkqb-_( Dumobp^o ^a^ rkl ab ilp sb`qlobp f v f `ljl `lj_fk^`fŽk ifkb^i ab >* ? X B-b( Dumobp^o1f , 2g* 3f `ljl `lj_fk^`fŽk ifkb^i ab >* A+ X b-a( Cbjlpqo^o nrb u=)>)_v bp rk^ _^pb m^o^ Up&
00- Rb^k = < '0+ 1(+A < '1+ ,3(+ b < '1+ ,2(+ X C < '0+ ,1( `r^qol sb`qlobp ab R0Š
Eloj^o qlalp ilp pr_`lkgrkqlp kl s^`Œlp ab u=) A+a+Cy nrb plk ifkb^ijbkqb fkab,mbkafbkqbp-
01- Rb^k > < '0+ 0+ 0+N(+ A < 'N+ 0+ 0+ 0( X b < '0+ 0+N+ N( qobpsb`qlobp ab S1†
^( Cbqbojfk^o pf =) >) b plk ifkb^ijbkqb abmbkafbkqbp l fkabmbkafbkqbp-_( N_qbkbo rk sb`qlo kl kril C q^i nrb =) >) a+C pb^k abmbkafbkqbp-b( N_qbkbo rk sb`qlo A q^i nrb =) >) a+A pb^k fkabmbkafbkqbp-a( Dibdfal B ab i^ m^oqbbi+ bumobp^obi sb`qlo W < '0+ 1+ 2+ 3( `ljl `lj_fk^`fŽkifkb^i ab =) >) a+A+
02- ^( Cbjlpqo^o nrb ilp qobp sb`qlobp pfdrfbkqbp ab Up plk ifkb^ijbkqb fkabmbkafbkqbp9
'U2+ 0+N(+'0+ U2- 0(+'N+0+U2(-_( Cbjlpqo^o nrb ilp qobppfdrfbkqbpplk abmbkafbkqbp9%p$~)0+N(+ '0+U1+ 0(+ 'N+ -0+U1(-`( G^ii^o qlalp ilp k•jbolp ob^ibp o m^o^ ilp `r^ibp ilp qobpsb`qlobp pfdrfbkqbp ab U^plk abmbkafbkqbp9 %n)0+N(+ '0+ o*0(+ 'N+ 0+n&+
03- Blkpfabo^o ilp pfdrfbkqbp `lkgrkqlp ab sb`qlobp ab R3&Dk `^a^ `^pl+ e^ii^o rk pr_`lk,grkql ifkb^ijbkqb fkabmbkafbkqb nrb `lkqbkd^ bi j^vlo k•jbol mlpf_ib ab sb`qlobp-
'^( x'i+/+0+N(+ 'i+ 0+0+0(+ '/+0+/+0(+ '1+N+,0+ N(y-'_( x'0+0+0+0(+'0+,0+0+0(+ '0+,0+ ,0+0(+ 'i+ ,0+ ,0+ ,0(y-'b( x'0+0+0+0(+ '/+0+0+0(+ 'N+/+0+0(+ 'N+N+N+0(y-
04- C^alp qobpsb`qlobp ifkb^ijbkqb fkabmbkafbkqbp =) >) b ab R†+ Cbjlpqo^o pf plk l kl`fboq^p i^p molmlpf`flkbp pfdrfbkqbp-^( = * >) A * a+= * a plk ifkb^ijbkqb fkabmbkafbkqbp-_( = * >) > * a+= * a plk ifkb^ijbkqb fkabmbkafbkqbp-
05- ^i Cbjlpqo^o nrb rk `lkgrkql R ab qobpsb`qlobp ab U^ bp rk^ _^pb m^o^ S pf v pŽilpf pr bkslisbkqb ifkb^i H_m&lkqfbkb ilp qobpsb`qlobp `lloabk^alp rkfq^oflp 9*dv e+_( Dpq^_ib`bo v abjlpqo^o rk^ dbkbo^ifw^`fŽk ab i^ m^oqb^( m^o^ S Š,
Bg `nk\^dj q`^ojmd\g S i&@' _` i+kg\n _` iˆh`mjn ^jhkg`ejn 351
06- Dk`lkqo^o alp _^pbp m^o^ U^ nrb `lkqbkd^k ilp alp sb`qlobp 'N+ 0+ 0( X '0+ 0+ 0(-07- Dk`lkqo^o alp _^pbp m^o^ S 3 nrb qbkd^k `ljrkbp pŽil ilp alp sb`qlobp 'N+ 0+ 0+ 0( (
'0+ 0+ 0+ 0(-
08- Blkpfabo^o ilp pfdrfbkqbp `lkgrkqlp ab sb`qlobp ab S\8
R < x'i+ 0+0(+'/+0+1(+ '0+ N+,0(y+ P < x'1+ 0+N(+'1+ N+,1(y+ Q < x'i+ 1+2(+'0+ 2+R(y
^( Cbjlpqo^o nrb H%P&R: H%O&+_( Cbqbojfk^o qla^p i^p obi^`flkbp ab fk`irpfŽk nrb bufpqbk bkqob ilp `lkgrkqlp H%O&)H%P&)v H%Q&+
1/- Cbpfdkbjlp `lk = u > alp pr_`lkgrkqlp cfkfqlp ab sb`qlobp bk rk bpm^`fl sb`qlof^i Rij
v `lk H%=&v H%>&prp bkslisbkqbp ifkb^ibp- Ool_^o `^a^ rk^ ab i^p molmlpf`flkbp pf,drfbkqbp-^( Rf = R: >) bkqlk`bp H%=&R: H%>&+_( H%=l) >&R: H%=&h H%>&+b( C^o rk bgbjmil bk bi nrb H%=i A( ,{‹ H%=&i H%>&+
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Dk i^ pb``fŽk 01-1 pb abcfkfŽ bi bpm^`fl sb`qlof^i Rh `ljl bi `lkgrkql abqla^p i^p k,mi^p ab k•jbolp ob^ibp-K^ fdr^ia^a+ i^ ^af`fŽk ab sb`qlobp+v i^ jri,qfmif`^`fŽkmlo bp`^i^obppb abcfkfbolk bk crk`fŽk ab ilp `ljmlkbkqbp abi pfdrfbk,qb jlal9 Rf > < %[! +++ ) ^++(v ? < '_
!--- +]i'* bkqlk`bp
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Rf qlalp ilp bp`^i^obp\,* ]* v ` ab bp^pobi^`flkbp pb obbjmi^w^k mlo k•jbolp ^jh+kg`ejn* bi krbsl pfpqbj^ ^idb_o^f`l ^pŒl_qbkfal pb ii^j^ `nk\^dj q`^ojmd\g ^jhkg`eju pb abpfdk^ `lk Rh%?&+K^ B pb rqfifw^ m^o^ ob`loa^oklp nrb ilp bp`^i^obp plk`ljmibglp-
Orbpql nrb ilp k•jbolp `ljmibglp p^qfpc^`bkbi jfpjl `lkgrkql ab molmfb,a^abp nrb ilp k•jbolp ob^ibp+qlalp ilp qblobj^p obi^qfslp ^i bpm^`fl sb`qlof^i ob^iSi nrb rqfifw^k q^k pŽil molmfba^abpab ilp k•jbolp ob^ibp plk q^j_f‹k sŠifalpm^o^ Rh%?&) lk q^i nrb qlalp ilp bp`^i^obpmrba^k pbo `ljmibglp- Dk m^oqf`ri^o+^nrbiilp qblobj^p ab bpqb`^mŒqrilnrb pŽil qo^q^kab i^ ^af`fŽk ab sb`qlobp v ab i^jriqfmif`^`fŽk mlo bp`^i^obp plk q^j_f‹k sŠifalp m^o^ Rh%?&+
Dpq^buqbkpfŽkkl pb e^`b pli^jbkqb `lk i^ fab^ ab `lkpbdrfo rk^ dbkbo^if,w^`fŽk- Klp bpm^`flp sb`qlof^ibp `ljmibglp prodbk bpmlkqŠkb^jbkqb bk i^ qbloŒ^ab i^p b`r^`flkbp afcbobk`f^ibp ifkb^ibp v bk i^ jlabok^ Lb`Škf`^ `rŠkqf`^+ ^pŒnrb pr bpqrafl bp ab fjmloq^k`f^ `lkpfabo^_ib- @cloqrk^a^jbkqb+ do^k m^oqbab ilpqblobj^p obi^qfslp ^i bpm^`fl sb`qlof^i ob^i Rh pr_pfpqbk pfk `^j_fl m^o^ Rh%?&+Rfk bj_^odl+ pb e^`bk rklp mbnrb•lp `^j_flp bk ^nrbiilp qblobj^p nrb fk`irvbkmolar`qlp bp`^i^obp-@i mol_^o nrb bi molar`ql bp`^i^o = += ab rk sb`qlo kl kril
463 >gb`]m\ q`^ojmd\g
mlo pŒjfpjl bp mlpfqfsl+ef`fjlp rpl abi eb`el ab nrb rk^ prj^ ab `r^ao^alp abk•jbolp ob^ibp bp mlpfqfs^- Orbpql nrb rk^ prj^ ab `r^ao^alp ab k•jbolp `lj,mibglpmrbab pbo&kbd^qfs^+qbkbjlp nrb jlafcf`^o i^ abcfkf`fŽk ab = +> pf nrbob,jlp `lkpbos^o i^ molmfba^a ab nrb pb^ mlpfqfsl- O^o^ Rh%?&)rp^jlp i^ pfdrfbkqbabcfkf`fŽk ab molar`ql bp`^i^o-
CDEHMHBHˆM- Rf = < &\ *,,, *\i' u ? < n\+7+++*]i' nji _jn q`^ojm`n _`Rh%?&)_`adidhjn np kmj_p^oj `n^\g\m >%? ^ji g\ a‡mhpg\
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N_p‹osbpb nrb bpq^ abcfkf`fŽk bpqŠ ab ^`rboal `lk i^ ^kqbp a^a^ m^o^ Ri
mlonrb \e < \e `r^kal \| bp ob^i- K^p molmfba^abpcrka^jbkq^ibp abi molar`qlbp`^i^o+`loobpmlkafbkqbp ^ i^p abi qblobj^ 01-1+qlj^k ^elo^ i^ pfdrfbkqb cloj^-
RCMPCK? 01-00- M\m\ oj_jn gjn q`^ojm`n >* ?* a _` Rh%?&u oj_jn gjn `n^\+g\m`n^jhkg`ejn `* o`i`hjn
'^( = +> < >$ =)'_( > , &?* @'; >%? * > , B+'b( ]%= +>& < %]=&+> < = +%€>&)'a( > , > = N nd > l{‹ N+'b( > , > < M nd > < N-
Sla^p bp^p molmfba^abp plk pbk`fii^p `lkpb`rbk`f^p ab i^ abcfkf`fŽk v prpabjlpqo^`flkbp pb abg^k `ljl bgbo`f`flp- Di ib`qlo ab_boŒ l_pbos^o nrb ^m^ob`bbi`lkgrd^al bk i^ molmfba^a ^( `r^kal pb fksfboqbbi loabk ab ilp c^`qlobp- @pfjfp,jl+ ^m^ob`bbi `lkgrd^al abi c^`qlo bp`^i^o bk i^ molmfba^a b( `r^kal bi bp`^i^o `m^p^ab rk i^al ^i lqol abi mrkql-
K^ abpfdr^ia^a ab B^r`ev,R`et^ow qlj^ ^elo^ i^ cloj^
'01-03( h? - A01 z %=+=&%>+>& +
K^ abjlpqo^`fŽk bp m^ob`fa^ ^ i^ a^a^ m^o^bi qblobj^ 01-2- Blkpfabobjlp bi sb`,qlo a < s> + s>) alkab s < >$ > b u < >%>) X `^i`ri^jlp _• B- K^ abpfdr^i,a^a B• a ::999k klp `lkar`b ^ '01-03(- Klp abq^iibpilp abg^jlp `ljl bgbo`f`fl m^o^bi ib`qlo-
Orbpql nrb bi molar`ql bp`^i^o ab rk sb`qlo mlo pŒjfpjl bp kl kbd^qfsl+ ml,abjlp fkqolar`fo i^ kloj^ ab rk sb`qlo ab Tj'A( jbaf^kqb i^ cŽojri^ rpr^i
GG?GG< %=$>'/-0,
Be`m^d^djn 464
K^p molmfba^abpcrka^jbkq^ibp ab i^p kloj^p+ `ljl pb bpq^_ib`fbolk bk bi qbl,obj^ 01-3+q^j_f‹k plk sŠifa^p pfk jlafcf`^`fŽk m^o^R))%?&+K^ abpfdr^ia^a qof^k,dri^o+ GG?* @GGy GG?GG* GG@GG+q^j_f‹k s^ib bk R))%?&+
K^ loqldlk^ifa^a ab sb`qlobp bk R))%?&pb abcfkb `lk i^ obi^`fŽk = +> < N-Bljl bk bi `^pl ob^i+alp sb`qlobp = v > ab Rh%?&plk loqldlk^ibp pf v pŽil pfp^qfpc^`bki^ fabkqfa^a mfq^dŽof`^+GG?* @ 01< GG?G01* GG@G01-
Klp `lk`bmqlp ab bkslisbkqb ifkb^i+ fkabmbkabk`f^ ifkb^i+ u _^pb+pb abcfkbkm^o^R)8%?&bu^`q^jbkqb `ljl bk bi `^pl ob^i- Klp qblobj^p abi 01-6 ^i 01-0/ vprp abjlpqo^`flkbp plk qla^p sŠifa^p pfk jlafcf`^`fŽk m^o^ Rh%?&+
)*&)/ :WR_PVPV\`
0- Rb^k = < '0+ c&) > < %c)*c&) X b < %/c)0( qobp sb`qlobp ab R0%?&+B^i`ri^o `^a^ rkl
ab ilp pfdrfbkqbp molar`qlo bp`^i^obp9
%[&=$>8 %\&>$=8
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'g( %= * c>& +%= * c>&+
1- Rf = < '1+ 0+ *c& X > < %c),0+ /c&) e^ii^o rk sb`qlo kl kril b ab R1%?& loqldlk^i
pfjriqŠkb^jbkqb ^ = v >+2- Cbjlpqo^o nrb m^o^ alp sb`qlobp `r^ibpnrfbo^ = u > ab R+%?&)qbkbjlp i^ fabkqfa^a
'b( %c=&$>8'e( %> * B( - =8
'a( = +%c>&8'f( %= * A( - >8
'b( %c=&+%c>&8
GG?* @G01< GG?001* GG@G01* = +> * = +>+
3- Cbjlpqo^o nrb m^o^ alp sb`qlobp `r^ibpnrfbo^ = v > ab R+%?&)qbkbjlp i^ fabkqfa^a
GG?* > 001, GG?, > 001< /%= +> * = +>&+
4- Cbjlpqo^o nrb m^o^ alp sb`qlobp `r^ibpnrfbo^ = v > ab R+%?&)qbkbjlp i^ fabkqfa^a
GG?* @G01* &h? , @G01< 1 GG?001* 1 h@G01Š
5- ^( Cbjlpqo^o nrb m^o^ alp sb`qlobp `r^ibpnrfbo^ = v > ab R+%?&)i^ prj^ = +? * = +>bp ob^i-_( Rf = X > plk sb`qlobp kl krilp ab R+%?&)abjlpqo^o nrb
=$>(=$>,1;,,,,, ;1, GG?GGGG@GG, -
6- Cbcfkfjlp bi Škdril '( cloj^al mlo alp sb`qlobp kl krilp = v > ab R+%?&jbaf^kqb i^fabkqfa^a
i Z w%=+> * =7.c&, ^obblp GG?G0GG@GG -
.0/ €gb`]m\ q`^ojmd\g
K^ abpfdr^ia^a abi bgbo`f`fl 5 abjrbpqo^ nrb pfbjmob bufpqb rk •kf`l Škdril '( bk bifkqbos^il `boo^al N z '( z .l nrb p^qfpc^`b bpq^ fdr^ia^a- Cbjlpqo^o nrb
GG?, @G01< GG?001* GG@G01, 1 GG?0GGG@Flp %F+
7- @mif`^o i^ abcfkf`fŽk abi bgbo`f`fl 6 ^i `Ši`ril abi Škdril cloj^al mlo ilp alp sb`qlobppfdrfbkqbp ab RŠ'B(9 = < 'i+ N+c) c)g(+v > < 'g+ g+o,N+c&+
8- ^( Cbjlpqo^o nrb ilp qobpsb`qlobp pfdrfbkqbp cloj^k rk^ _^pb m^o^ Up'B(9 > < 'H+N+N(+? < 'N+ c)-/(+ b < N+ 0+ c&+_( Dumobp^obi sb`qlo '4+ 1 , c)/c& `ljl `lj_fk^`fŽk ifkb^i ab =) >) B-
0/- Cbjlpqo^o nrb i^ _^pb ab ilp sb`qlobp `lloabk^alp rkfq^oflp Ch& Š-- + Cj ab Uj q^j_f‹k`lkpqfqrvbk rk^ _^pb m^o^ Tj'A(-
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Dk bpqb`^mŒqrilpb qo^q^ab i^p ^mif`^`flkbp abi „idb_o^ sb`qlof^i ^i bpqraflab i^p ob`q^p+ilp mi^klp u i^p pb``flkbp `Žkf`^p- Dk bi `^mŒqril03 bi „idb_o^ sb`,qlof^i pb `lj_fk^ `lk ilp j‹qlalp abi `Ši`ril+ v pb a^k lqo^p ^mif`^`flkbp ^i bpqr,afl ab `ros^p v ^ `fboqlp mol_ibj^p ab Lb`Škf`^-
Di bpqrafl ab i^ FbljbqoŒ^ `ljl pfpqbj^ abar`qfsl+ crb `lk`b_fal mloDr`ifabp ^molufj^a^jbkqb 2// ^•lp ^kqbpab Ibpr`ofpql+ bjmbw^kal `lk rk `lk,grkql ab ^uflj^p l mlpqri^alp nrb abp`of_bk molmfba^abp ab ilp mrkqlp u i^pob`q^p-
Klp `lk`bmqlp ~mrkql‚ v ~ob`q^‚ pb qlj^k `ljl kl`flkbp mofj^of^p v klpb abcfkbk- Rb abcfkbk lqolp `lk`bmqlp ^ m^oqfoab ilp mrkqlp v ob`q^p+v ilp qblob,j^p pb abar`bk pfpqbjŠqf`^jbkqb ^ m^oqfoab ilp ^uflj^p- Dr`ifabp bpq^_ib`fŽafbw^uflj^p `lk ilp nrb fkqbkqŽabar`fo qlalp prp qblobj^p- G^ pfal abjlpqo^al nrbbplp ^uflj^p kl plk ^ab`r^alp m^o^i^ qbloŒ^-Olo bgbjmil+ bk i^ abjlpqo^`fŽk abpr mofjbo qblobj^+ Dr`ifabp e^`b rk^ efmŽqbpfpqŠ`fq^ obi^qfs^ ^ i^ fkqbopb``fŽkab alp `fo`rkcbobk`f^p nrb kl bpqŠ`r_fboq^ mlo prp ^uflj^p- Cbpab bkqlk`bp e^kpfal clojri^a^p lqo^p ifpq^pab ^uflj^p ab ilp nrb obpriq^k qlalp ilp qblobj^p abDr`ifabp- K^ jŠp c^jlp^ bp i^ nrb afl bi j^qbjŠqf`l ^ibjŠk C^sfa Gfi_boq '0751,0832( bk pr l_o^ Dmpi_g\b`i _`m D`jh`omd`* mr_if`^al bk 0788- 'Dufpqbrk^ qo^,ar``fŽk fkdibp^9Qc` Cjpi_\odjin ./ D`jh`omt* Nmbk Blroq Or_ifpefkd Bl-+ 0836-(Dpqbqo^_^gl+abi nrb pb ef`fbolk pfbqbbaf`flkbp ^ibj^k^p bk sfa^ ab Gfi_boq+fk^r,droŽ i^ L^qbjŠqf`^ ^_pqo^`q^abi pfdil uu-
Gfi_boq `ljbkwŽ pr bpqrafl ab i^ FbljbqoŒ^ mi^k^ `lk `fk`l `lk`bmqlp nrbkl abcfkfŽ9kpioj* m`^o\*`i 'obi^`fŽk bkqobrk mrkql v rk^ ob`q^(+ iom` 'obi^`fŽkbkqobrk mrkql v rk m^oab mrkqlp(+v ^jibmp`i^d\ 'obi^`fŽk bkqobm^obpab mrk,qlp(- C^ bkqlk`bp nrfk`b ^uflj^p ^ m^oqfoab ilp `r^ibp abp^oolii^ qla^ i^ Fbljb,qoŒmi^k^ br`ifaf^k^- K^ FbljbqoŒ^ abi bpm^`fl pb _^p^ bk sbfkqf•k ^uflj^p nrbfk`irvbk pbfp`lk`bmqlp nrb kl pb abcfkbk-
.00
467 >kgd^\^dji`n _`g ƒgb`]m\ q`^ojmd\g\ g\ b`jh`om…\ \i\g…od^\
K^ fkqolar``fŽk ab i^ FbljbqoŒ^ ^k^iŒqf` bp ^idl afpqfkq^-Cbcfkfjlp `lk,`bmqlp q^ibp `ljl mrkql+ ob`q^+bk+ bkqob+bq`-+mbol 0/ e^`bjlp bk crk`fŽk abk•jbolp ob^ibp+nrb kl pb abcfkbk- K^ bpqor`qro^ j^qbjŠqf`^ nrb obpriq^ pb ii^j^hj_`gj \i\g…od^j ab i^ FbljbqoŒ^ br`ifaf^k^- Dk bpqbjlabil+ pb rqfifw^k i^p mol,mfba^abpab ilp k•jbolp ob^ibpm^o^abar`fo ilp ^uflj^p ab Gfi_boq-Ml fkqbkq^ob,jlp `ljbkq^o qlalp ilp ^uflj^p ab Gfi_boq-Dk ird^o ab bpl+ fkaf`^objlp q^k pŽil`Žjl pb abcfkbk ilp `lk`bmqlp mofjfqfslp mlo jbafl ab k•jbolp ob^ibpu a^objlp^idrk^p abjlpqo^`flkbp m^o^firpqo^oilp j‹qlalp ab i^ FbljbqoŒ^ ^k^iŒqf`^-
02-1 Qb`q^pbk bi bpm^`fl k,afjbkpflk^i
Dk bpq^pb``fŽk bjmib^jlp ilp k•jbolp ob^ibpm^o^abcfkfo ilp `lk`bmqlp abkpioj* m`^o\*t`i, K^p abcfkf`flkbp pb clojri^k ab jlal nrb pb ^`ljlabk ^ krbp,qo^pfab^p fkqrfqfs^p ^`bo`^ ab i^ FbljbqoŒ^ br`ifaf^k^ qof,afjbkpflk^i+ mbol qfbkbkq^j_f‹k pbkqfal bk rk bpm^`fl ab i afjbkpflkbp m^o^`r^inrfbo i x 0-
Tk mrkql bp pfjmibjbkqb rk sb`qlo ab S*i* bpql bp+rk^ k,mi^ loabk^a^ abk•jbolp ob^ibp: rqfifw^objlp i^p m^i^_o^p ~mrkql‚ v ~sb`qlo‚ fkafpqfkq^jbkqb-Di bpm^`fl sb`qlof^i S! bp bi jlabil ^k^iŒqf`labi bpm^`fl `p^gd_d\ij i+_dh`indji\g,O^o^ abcfkfo i^ ~ob`q^‚+ bjmib^jlp i^p lmbo^`flkbp ^idb_o^f`^p ab ^af`fŽk v abjriqfmif`^`fŽk mlo bp`^i^obpbk S!,
CDEHMHBHˆM- P`\ M pi kpioj _\_j t > pi q`^ojm ij ipgj _\_j, Bg ^jiepioj_` oj_jn gjn kpiojn _` g\ ajmh\ M* o>*`i _ji_` o m`^jmm`oj_jn gjn iˆh`mjnm`\g`n*`n pi\ m`^o\ lp` k\n\ kjm M t `n k\m\g`g\ \ >, A`ndbi\hjn `n\ m`^o\ ^jiI&M9>' V `n^md]dhjn
I&M9>' < vM * o> Gom`\gw j* hƒn ]m`q`h`io`* I&M9>' ;vM * o>w,
P` _d^` lp` pi kpioj P `noƒ `i g\ m`^o\ I&M9>' nd P D I&M9>',
Dk bi pŒj_lil H%L8=&) bi mrkql L bp`ofql bk mofjbo ird^o bpqŠbk i^ ob`q^+v^ nrb `loobpmlkab ^ o < N- Di pbdrkal mrkql+ >* pb ii^j^ q`^ojm _` _dm`^^d4iab i^ ob`q^- K^ ob`q^ H%K8=& nrb m^p^ mlo bi lofdbk N bp i^ bkslisbkqb ifkb^iab >9 `lkpq^ ab qlalp ilp molar`qlp ab > mlo bp`^i^obp-K^ ob`q^ mlo M m^o^ibi^^= pb l_qfbkb prj^kal L ^ `^a^ sb`qlo ab i^ bkslisbkqb ifkb^i ab =+
K^ cfdro^ 02-0 jrbpqo^ i^ fkqbomobq^`fŽkdblj‹qof`^ ab bpq^abcfkf`fŽk bk R1Š
B^a^ mrkql M * o> mrbab obmobpbkq^opbmlo bi buqobjl ab rk sb`qlo dblj‹qof`lqo^w^al mlo bi lofdbk- Br^kal o s^oŒ qlj^kal qlalp ilp s^ilobp ob^ibp+bi `loobp,mlkafbkqb mrkql M * o> abp`of_b rk^ ob`q^nrb m^p^mlo M u m^o^ibi^^i sb`qlo >,K^ cfdro^ 02-0 jrbpqo^ ilp mrkqlp `loobpmlkafbkqbp^ ^idrklp s^ilobp ab o bk i^palp ob`q^pH%L8=& u H%K8=&+
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H%L8=&
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)+&+ @idrk^p molmfba^abppbk`fii^p ab i^p ob`q^p
Oofjbol abjlpqo^jlp nrb bi sb`qlo afob``fŽk > nrb ^m^ob`bbk i^ abcfkf`fŽkab H%L8=& mrbab obbjmi^w^opbmlo `r^inrfbo lqol sb`qlo m^o^ibil ^ =+ 'Qb`loab,jlp nrb alp sb`qlobp > u ? pb ii^j^k m^o^ibilp pf > < ^? m^o^rk `fboql bp`^i^o` kl kril-(
RCMPCK? 02-0- Ajn m`^o\n I&M9>' X I&M9?' lp` k\n\i kjm `g hdnhj kpi+oj M nji dbp\g`n nd v n‡gj nd gjn q`^ojm`n _` _dm`^^d‡i > v ? nji k\m\g`gjn,
A`hjnom\^d‡i, Rrmlkd^jlp mofjbol nrb I&M9>' < I&M9?', Sljbjlp rkmrkql bk I&M9>' afpqfkql ab M*mlo bgbjmil M * >, Dpqbmrkql bpqŠq^j_f‹k bkI&M9?' ab j^kbo^ nrb M * > < M * ^? m^o^ rk `fboql bp`^i^o ^, Krbdl+ qbkb,jlp > < ^? u ` <.<, N v^ nrb > ;-;+., Olo `lkpfdrfbkqb+ > v ? plk m^o^ibilp-
Cbjlpqobjlp ^elo^ bi ob`Œmol`l-Rrmlkd^jlp nrb = u > plk m^o^ibilp+pb^>;^? m^o^rk `fboql ^;-;+L,Rf P bpqŠbk I&M9>'* bkqlk`bp qbkbjlp P < M)o>;; M * o&^?' < M * &^o'?* `lk 0/ lp` P bpqŠ bk I&M9?', Olo `lkpfdrfbkqbI&M9>' Q I&M9?', Cbi jfpjl jlal+ I&M9?' Q I&M9>'* mlo q^kql I&M9>' ;: I&M9?',
@ `lkqfkr^`fŽk abjlpqo^jlp nrb bi mrkql M nrb ^m^ob`bbk i^ abcfkf`fŽk abH%L8=& mrbab obbjmi^w^opb mlo `r^inrfbo lqol mrkql O pfqr^al bk i^ jfpj^ob`q^-
36. >kgd^\^dji`n _`g ƒgb`]m\ q`^ojmd\g\ g\ b`jh`om…\ \i\g…od^\
RCMPCK? 02-1- Ajn m`^o\n I&M9>' X I&N9 >' ^ji `g hdnhj q`^ojm _` _d+m`^^d‡i > nji dbp\g`n ndv n‡gj nd P `noƒ `i I&M9>',
A`hjnom\^d‡i, Rrmlkd^jlp nrb I&M9>' < I&N9 >', Orbpql nrb P bpqŠbkI&N9>'* P q^j_f‹k bpqŠbk I&M9>', O^o^ abjlpqo^o bi ob`Œmol`l+prmlkd^jlpnrb P bpqŠ bk I&M9>'* pb^ P < O * ^>, Prbobjlp abjlpqo^o nrb I&M9>' :I&N9 >', Rf W C I&M9>'* bkqlk`bp W < O * o> m^o^ rk `fboql o, ObolO < P , ^>* ^pŒnrb W < P , ^> * o> < P * &o+ ^'>* v mlo q^kql W q^j,_f‹k bpqŠbk I&N9>', Olo il q^kql I&M9>' R I&N9>', @kŠild^jbkqb+ bk`lkqo^,jlp I&N9 >' R I&M9>'* `lk il `r^i i^p alp ob`q^pplk fdr^ibp-
Tkl ab ilp c^jlplp mlpqri^alp ab Dr`ifabp bp bi kjnopg\_j _` g\n k\m\g`g\nnrb bp iŽdf`^jbkqb bnrfs^ibkqb ^ i^ molmlpf`fŽk ab nrb ~mlo rk mrkql a^al bufpqbrk^ v pŽil rk^ ob`q^ m^o^ibi^ ^ rk^ ob`q^ a^a^‚- Cbar`fobjlp bpq^ molmfba^a`ljl rk^ `lkpb`rbk`f^ abi qblobj^ 02-0- Mb`bpfq^jlp mofjbol abcfkfo bi m^o^ib,ifpjl ab ob`q^p-
CDEHMHBHˆM- Ajn m`^o\n I&M9>' W I&N9?' nji k\m\g`g\n nd npn q`^ojm`n _`_dm`^^d‡i> v ? nji k\m\g`gjn,
RCMPCK? 02-2- A\_jn pi\ m`^o\ I v pi kpioj O ij k`mo`i`^d`io` \ I*`sdno` pi\ v n‡gj pi\ m`^o\ I% lp` ^jiod`i` O v `n k\m\g`g\ \ I,
A`hjnom\^d‡i, Rrmlkd^jlp nrb i^ ob`q^ a^a^ qfbkb bi sb`qlo ab afob``fŽk>, Blkpfabobjlp i^ ob`q^ I%< I&N9>', Dpq^ob`q^ `lkqfbkb P v bp m^o^ibi^^ I,Di qblobj^ 02-0 klp af`b nrb ‹pq^ bp i^ •kf`^ ob`q^ `lk bp^palp molmfba^abp-
Kjo\8 K^odl qfbjml ilp j^qbjŠqf`lp plpmb`e^olk nrb bi mlpqri^al ab i^p m^o^ibi^pmlaŒ^abar`fopb ^ m^oqfoab ilp lqolp mlpqri^alp ab Dr`ifabp+ mbol qlalp ilp fkqbkqlp m^o^abjlpqo^oil obpriq^olk fk•qfibp- @ mofk`fmflp abi pfdil WHWilp j^qbjŠqf`lp J^oi E- F^rpp'0666,0744(+ I- Aliv^f '07/1,075/(+ v M- H- Kl_^q`ebsphf '0682,0745( iibd^olk ^ i^ `lk,sf``fŽk ab nrb bi mlpqri^al ab i^p m^o^ibi^pkl mlaŒ^abar`fopb ab ilp lqolp v abp^ool,ii^olk FbljbqoŒ^p kl br`ifaf^k^p+ bpql bp+FbljbqoŒ^p bk i^p nrb kl bp sŠifal bi `fq^almlpqri^al- Di qo^_^gl ab bplp elj_obp fkpmfoŽ^ lqolp j^qbjŠqf`lp v `fbkqŒcf`lpi^ ^j,mif^`fŽk ab prp mrkqlp ab sfpq^ ^`bo`^ ab i^p ~sboa^abp ^`bmq^a^p‚ v ^ ob`e^w^o lqolp^uflj^p Prb aro^kqb pfdilp e^_Œ^k pfal `lkpfabo^alp `ljl p^do^alp-
S^j_f‹k pb abar`b `lk c^`fifa^a i^ pfdrfbkqb molmfba^a ab i^p ob`q^p nrbDr`ifabp bpq^_ib`fŽ `ljl rk ^uflj^-
RCMPCK? 02-3- Ajn kpiojn _dnodiojn _`o`mhdi\i pi\ m`^o\, Bnoj `n* ndO" P+ `sdno` pi\ v n‡gj pi\ m`^o\ lp` ^jiod`i` O v P- Mp`_` _`n^md]dmn`jhj_f ]ihcohni xO * n%M* L&v +
O`^o\n v api^dji`n q`^ojmd\g`n 470
A`hjnom\^d‡i, Rb^ I i^ ob`q^ nrb m^p^mlo M v bp m^o^ibi^^ N+M* bpql bp+
H < H%L8N + L& < uL * o&N+ L&v+
Dpq^ob`q^ `lkqfbkb ^ M v^ P 'qlj^o o < N m^o^M v o < 0 m^o^M&+Rb^ ^elo^ I%`r^inrfbo ob`q^ nrb `lkqbkd^ M v P- Cbjlpqo^objlp nrb I% < I, Orbpql nrbI% `lkqfbkb M*qbkbjlp I% < I&M9>' m^o^^id•k > ;/; N- Obol q^j_f‹k I% `lkqfbkbP `lk il nrb M * ^> < P m^o^rk `fboql `- Krbdl qbkbjlp P , M < ^>* alkab` ;/; N v^ nrb P ;/; M, Olo `lkpfdrfbkqb P , M bp m^o^ibi^^ > `lk il nrb+ pbd•kbi qblobj^ 02-1+qbkbjlp I% < I&M9>' < I&M9N+M' < I,
DIDLOKN- Di qblobj^ 02-3 klp a^ rk pbk`fiil j‹qlal m^o^ ^sbofdr^o pf rkmrkql P bpqŠbk rk^ ob`q^a^a^ I&M9>', Mlp af`b nrb P bpqŠbk I&M9>' pf v pŽilpf P , M bp m^o^ibil ^ >, Olo bgbjmil+ `lkpfabobjlp i^ ob`q^ I&M9>'* alkabL < '0+ 1+ 2( X = < '1+ ,0+ 4(- O^o^ ^sbofdr^o pf bi mrkql P < '0+ 0+3( bpqŠbkbp^ ob`q^+bu^jfkbjlp P , M < 'N+ ,0+ 0(- Orbpql nrbP , M kl bp bi molar`qlab > mlo rk bp`^i^o+bi mrkql '0+ 0+3( kl bpqŠbk bp^ ob`q^- Olo lqo^ m^oqb+pfP < '4+ N+ 02(+ bk`lkqo^jlp nrb P , L < '3+ ,1+-0/( < /=) ^pŒnrb P bpqŠbk i^ ob`q^-
K^ abmbkabk`f^ ifkb^i ab alp sb`qlobp bk S i* mrbab bumobp^opblk ibkdr^gbdblj‹qof`l-
SDNQDL@ 02-4- Ajn q`^ojm`n > u ? _` Si nji gdi`\gh`io` _`k`i_d`io`n pfu n‡gj pf `noƒi `i g\ hdnh\ m`^o\ lp` k\n\ kjm `g jmdb`i,
A`hjnom\^d‡i, Rf bp `bol rkl ab ilp sb`qlobp > l ?* bi obpriq^al bp qofsf^i-Rf ^j_lp plk kl krilp+ bkqlk`bp > v ? plk abmbkafbkqbppf v pŽil pf ? < o> m^o^rk `fboql bp`^i^o o, Obol ? < o> pf v pŽil pf ? bpqŠbk i^ ob`q^ nrb m^p^ mlo bilofdbk v bp m^o^ibi^^ >,
02-3 Qb`q^p v crk`flkbp sb`qlof^ibp
Di `lk`bmql ab ob`q^ pb mrbab obi^`flk^o ^i ab crk`fŽk- K^ `loobpmlkabk`f^nrb ^pl`f^ ^ `^a^ k•jbol ob^i o bi sb`qlo M * o>* bp rk bgbjmil ab crk`fŽk `rvlaljfkfl bp bi `lkgrkql ab ilp k•jbolp ob^ibpv `rvl ob`loofal bp i^ ob`q^ H%L8=&+Rf abpfdk^jlp i^ crk`fŽk `lk bi pŒj_lil W+bi s^ilo ab i^ crk`fŽk T%n&bk o sfbkba^al mlo i^ b`r^`fŽk
'02-0( U&o'< M * o>,
Ki^j^jlp ^ ‹pq^+crk`fŽk sb`qlof^i ab rk^ s^of^_ib ob^i-K^ `lkpfabo^`fŽk ab bp^ crk`fŽk bp fjmloq^kqb ab_fal ^ nrb+ `ljl sbobjlp
bk bi `^mŒqril03+klp a^ rk j‹qlal k^qro^i m^o^bpqraf^o `ros^p bk cloj^ jŠpdbkbo^i-
360 >kgd^\^dji`n _`g ƒgb`]m\ q`^ojmd\g \ g\ b`jh`om…\ \i\g…od^\
Di bp`^i^o o ab i^ b`r^`fŽk '02-0( pb abkljfk^ ^ jbkral k\mƒh`omj* v i^b`r^`fŽk '02-0( pb ii^j^ `^p\^d‡i q`^ojmd\g k\m\h„omd^\ l pfjmibjbkqb `^p\^d‡iq`^ojmd\g ab i^ ob`q^-@ sb`bp `lksfbkb fj^dfk^o i^ ob`q^ `ljl i^ qo^vb`qlof^ abrk^ m^oqŒ`rijŽsfi+ bk `rvl `^pl bi m^oŠjbqol o bp bi od`hkj u bi sb`qlo U&o' biq`^ojm kjnd^d‡i
N_pbosbjlp nrb alp mrkqlp U&\' u U&]' ab rk^ ob`q^ a^a^ I&M9>' plkfdr^ibp pf v pŽil pf qbkbjlp M * \> < M * ]> l &\ + ]'> < N- Orbpql nrb> ;/; N+ bpq^•iqfj^ obi^`fŽk bp sŠifa^ pf v pŽil pf [ < ], @pŒnrb+ s^ilobp afpqfk,qlp abi m^oŠjbqol o `lkar`bk ^ mrkqlp afpqfkqlp ab i^ ob`q^-
Blkpfabobjlp ^elo^ qobpmrkqlp afpqfkqlpab rk^ ob`q^ a^a^+ pb^k U&\'* U&]'*v U&^'* pfbkal \ = ], Cb`fjlp nrb U&^' bpqŠ`iom` U&\' u U&]' pf ` bpqŠbkqob\ v ]* bpql bp+pf \ ; ` ; ],
K^ `lkdorbk`f^ mrbab abcfkfopbbk crk`fŽk ab i^p kloj^p- Tk m^oab mrkqlpM*N pb ii^j^ ]ihalo_hn_ ^ lqol m^o M%*N&pf GGN, /00 < GGN&, N&00-K^ kloj^EEL* /00 pb ii^j^ q^j_f‹k afpq^k`f^ bkqob L v N-
Dpql `ljmibq^ i^p abcfkf`flkbp ab ilp `lk`bmqlp kpioj* m`^o\* `i* `iom`* v^jibmp`i^d\ bk krbpqol jlabil ^k^iŒqf`labi bpm^`fl br`iŒabl ab i afjbkpflkbp-Blk`irfjlp bpq^pb``fŽk `lk ^idrk^ lqo^ l_pbos^`fŽk obi^qfs^ ^ i^p b`r^`flkbp m^,o^j‹qof`^p m^o^i^p ob`q^pbk bi bpm^`fl qofafjbkpflk^i-
Rf rk^ ob`q^ m^p^mlo alp mrkqlp afpqfkqlp M u N+ mlabjlp rqfifw^oM + N`ljl sb`qlo ab afob``fŽk = bk i^ b`r^`fŽk 'j-0(: i^ b`r^`fŽk sb`qlof^i ab i^ob`q^ bp bkqlk`bp
T%n&< L * o&N+ L& l U&o'< oN *'0 , o'M,
K^p b`r^`flkbp sb`qlof^ibp pb mrbabk bumobp^oq^j_f‹k bk crk`fŽk ab ilp`ljmlkbkqbp+ Olo bgbjmil+ pf bp`of_fjlp L < %j)k) l&) = < %[) \) ]&) v T%n&:: %r)v+w(+i^ b`r^`fŽk '02-0( bp bnrfs^ibkqb ^ i^p qobpb`r^`flkbp bp`^i^obp
'02-1( s < j * o\* t < l * o]* X < m* o`,
Dpq^pplk i^p `^p\^dji`n `n^\g\m`n k\m\h„omd^\n l pfjmibjbkqb `^p\^dji`n k\m\h„+omd^\nab i^ ob`q^: plk •qfibp bk ilp `Ši`rilp bk ilp nrb fkqbosfbkbkilp `ljmlkbk,qbp-K^ b`r^`fŽk sb`qlof^i bp jŠp pbk`fii^ u jŠp k^qro^i m^o^bpqraf^o-i^p molmfb,a^abp dbkbo^ibpab i^p ob`q^p-
Rf qlalp ilp sb`qlobp plk abi bpm^`fl ab alp afjbkpflkbp+ pb kb`bpfq^k pŽil i^palp mofjbo^p b`r^`flkbp m^o^j‹qof`^p '02-1(- Dk bpqb `^pl+ mlabjlp bifjfk^o obkqobi^p alp b`r^`flkbp m^o^j‹qof`^p v l_qbkbjlp i^ obi^`fŽk
'02-2( \%r * j& * [%s w k&< /+
O`^o\n v api^dji`n q`^ojmd\g`n 472
nrb pb ii^j^ `^p\^d‡i ^\mo`nd\i\ ab i^ ob`q^- Rf \ ;/; N+^nr‹ii^ mrbab bp`of_fopbbk i^ cloj^
]V + k < , 'u , j& +
\
Di kpioj &k*l' bpqŠbk i^ ob`q^: bi k•jbol ] - \ bp i^ k`i_d`io` ab i^ ob`q^-K^ b`r^`fŽk `^oqbpf^k^ '02-2( mrbab q^j_f‹k bp`of_fopbmlo jbafl ab mol,
ar`qlp bp`^i^obp-Rf mlkbjlp K < &]**[&) U < %r)s&) v j < %j) k&) i^ b`r^`fŽk'02-02( pb `lksfboqb bk
%T* L&{ J: M l T{J:L{J+
Di sb`qlo J bp mbombkaf`ri^o ^i sb`qlo ab afob``fŽk = mrbpql nrb J$ = :: ]\ + \] < N: bi sb`qlo K pb ii^j^ q`^ojm ijmh\g ^ i^ ob`q^- K^ ob`q^ `lkpq^ab qlalp ilp mrkqlp T nrb p^qfpc^`bki^ obi^`fŽk %T * L& +J < N-
Dk i^ cfdro^ 02-1 pb jrbpqo^ bi pfdkfcf`^al dblj‹qof`l ab bp^ obi^`fŽk- Klpmrkqlp L v T bpqŠkbk i^ ob`q^v bi sb`qlo kloj^i J bp loqldlk^i ^i T*L+ K^ cfdr,o^ prdfbob nrb bkqobqlalp ilp mrkqlp U ab i^ ob`q^+bi ab jbklo ilkdfqra zGVGGpbl_qfbkb `r^kal U bk i^ molvb``fŽk ab M pl_ob K, C^jlp ^elo^ rk^ abjlpqo^`fŽk^idb_o^f`^ ab bpqbeb`el-
H&
J Ub`qlo kloj^i
>
k
j s
EHFTQ@ 02-1 O`^o\ `i `g kg\ij st lp` k\n\ kjm M ^ji q`^ojm ijmh\g K, @\_\ kpioj W_` g\ m`^o\ n\odna\^` &U+ M' , K < N-
RCMPCK? 02-5- P`\ I g\ m`^o\ _` S0 ^jindno`io` `i oj_jn gjn kpiojn U lp`n\odna\^`i
T$J:L$J)
362 >kgd^\^dji`n _`g ƒgb`]m\ q`^ojmd\g\ g\ b`jh`om…\ \i\g…od^\
`no\i_j M `i g\ m`^o\ u nd`i_j K pi q`^ojm ij ipgj ijmh\g \ g\ m`^o\, Mjib\hjn
^: EL$JEGGLGG
Qj_j V _` I od`i` gjibdop_ zGVGGƒ _, >_`hƒn* GGVGG< _ ndv n‡gj ndV `n g\ kmj+t`^^d‡i _` M nj]m` K8
U; oK* L$J_ji_` o < ,,l
J$J
A`hjnom\^d‡i, Rf W B I* qbkbjlp W&K < k, K, Rbd•k i^ abpfdr^ia^a abB^r`ev,R`et^ow+ qbkbjlp
GL +JE < ET$ J Gy 0GVGG GGL0G+
0/ nrb fjmif`^ zGVGG19 EL$JE,EEJEE< ^+ Di pfdkl ab fdr^ia^a bp sŠifal pf v pŽilpf T < nJ m^o^rk `fboql bp`^i^o o*bk `rvl `^pl j+ J < W&J < nJ$ J) `lk 0/`r^i n < j+ J,J$ J+ Dpql `ljmibq^ i^ abjlpqo^`fŽk-
Cbi jfpjl jlal mlabjlp abjlpqo^o nrb pf P bp rk mrkql a^al ab S0 klpfqr^al bk i^ ob`q^H) bkqlk`bp m^o^rk `fboql V ab H bi jbklo s^ilo ab GGV, OGGbp E%L* M&$LG.GGLGG+X bpql l`roob `r^kal V , O bp i^ molvb``fŽk ab L * Opl_ob bi sb`qlo kloj^i J+ Di k•jbol
G'N, P(& LG
GGLGG
pb ii^j^ _dno\i^d\ _`n_` `g kpioj O \ g\ m`^o\ I, Di ib`qlo mlaoŒ^obmobpbkq^obpqlp `lk`bmqlp bk rk^ cfdro^ m^ob`fa^ ^ i^ 02-1-
)+&- :WR_PVPV\`
0- Tk^ ob`q^ H ab R 1 `lkqfbkb ilp alp mrkqlp L < ', 2+0( X O < '0+ 0(- Cbqbojfk^o `rŠibpab ilp pfdrfbkqbp mrkqlp bpqŠk bk H+ ^( 'N+N(: _( '/+0(: b( '0+1(: a( '1+0(: b( ',1+0(-
1- Qbplisbo bi bgbo`f`fl 0 pf L < '1+ , 0( X O < ',3+1(-2- Tk^ ob`q^ H ab R0 `lkqfbkb bi mrkql L < ', 2+ 0+0( X bp m^o^ibi^ ^i sb`qlo '0+ , 1+2(-
Cbqbojfk^o `rŠibp ab ilp pfdrfbkqbp mrkqlp bpqŠk bk I, ^( 'N+N+N(: _( '1+ ,0+3(:`( ',1+ ,0+3(: a( ',3+2+ ,1(: b( '1+ ,8+05(-
3- Tk^ ob`q^ I `lkqfbkb ilp alp mrkqlp M < ',2+0+0( X P < '0+1+6(- Cbqbojfk^o `rŠibpab ilp pfdrfbkqbp mrkqlp bpq9k bk H+ ^( ',6+ /+4(: _( ',6+ N+ ,4(: `( ',00+0+00(:a( ',00+ ,0+00(: b( ',0+ !+3(: b( ',e+p+2(+d( ',0+ p,3(-
4- Dk `^a^ `^pl+ abqbojfk^o pf ilp qobpmrkqlp M* O+ O bpqŠk bk rk^ ob`q^-'^( M < '1+0+0(+P < '3+ 0+,0(+ O < '2+ ,0+0(-'e( M < '1+1+2(+P < ',1+2+ 0(+O < ',5+3+ 0(-'b( M < '1+0+0(+P < ',1+2+0(+ O < '4+ ,0+0(-
Mg\ijn `i `g `nk\^dj `p^g…_`j i+_dh`indji\g 474
5- Dkqob ilp l`el mrkqlp pfdrfbkqbp =) >) X b bpqŠk bk rk^ ob`q^- Cbqbojfk^o qlalp ilppr_`lkgrkqlp ab qobpl jŠp mrkqlp nrb bpqŠk bk iŒkb ob`q^9 =:%/) 0+ 0(+>:%3) ,0+ 0(+b < ',5+ R+ 0(+ A <',1+2+ 0(+ B < '0+ 0+ 0(+ C < ',3+ 3+ 0(+ F < ',02+ 8+ 0(+F < '03+ ,5+ 0(-
6- Tk^ ob`q^ m^p^ mlo bi mrkql L < '0+ 0+0( X bp m^o^ibi^ ^i sb`qlo = < '0+ 1+2(- Nqo^ ob`q^mlo N < '1+ 0+N( bp m^o^ibi^ ^i sb`qlo > < /+7+ 02(-•Cbjlpqo^o nrb i^p alp na_p]o pb`loq^k v abqbojfk^o pr mrkql ab fkqbopb``fŽk-
7- ^( Cbjlpqo^o nrb alp ob`q^p H%L8=& X H%M8>& ab R! pb `loq^k pf v pŽil pf L * Mmboqbkb`b^ i^ bkslisbkqb ifkb^i ab = v >+_( Cbqbojfk^o pf pb `loq^k l kl i^p alp ob`q^p pfdrfbkqbp ab S**8
H < x'i+ 0+,0( * o&,1+0+ 2(y+ H$< x'2+,3+0( * o&,0+4+ 1(y-
8- Rb^ T%n&< L * n= rk mrkql ^o_fqo^ofl bk i^ ob`q^ H%L8=&) pfbkal L < '0+ 1+ 2( X> < '0+ ,1+1(+ X pb^ N < M+2+ 0(-^( B^i`ri^o GGO, W'q(001+ `r^ao^al ab i^ afpq^k`f^ bkqob N v T%n&+_( Cbjlpqo^o nrb e^v bu^`q^jbkqb rk mrkql W'ql( m^o^ bi nrb i^ afpq^k`f^GGO, V'p(eebp jŒkfj^ v `^i`ri^oi^-b( Cbjlpqo^o nrb N + W'ql( bp loqldlk^i ^ >,
0/- Rb^ N rk mrkql kl pfqr^al bk i^ ob`q^ H%L8=& ab R!+^( Rb^ `%n&< GGO, W'q(001+ alkab T%n&< L * n=i Cbjlpqo^o nrb `%n&bp rk mlifkljfl`r^aoŠqf`l bk o v nrb q^i mlifkljfl ^i`^kw^ pr s^ilo jŒkfjl bk rk plil s^ilo ab o*q^i `ljl o < ojj_( Cbjlpqo^o nrb N + W'ql( bp loqldlk^i ^ =+ +
00- C^a^p alp ob`q^p m^o^ibi^p H%L8=& v H%M8=& ab R!+ Cbjlpqo^o nrb l _fbk H%L8=& ;H%M8=& l i^ fkqbopb``fŽk H%L8=& Œ[H%M8=& bp s^`Œ^-
01- C^a^p alp ob`q^p H%L8=& X H%M8>& ab R! nrb kl plk m^o^ibi^p- Cbjlpqo^o nrb i^ fk,qbopb``fŽk bp s^`Œ^ l `lkpq^ ab rk plil mrkql-
02-5 Oi^klp bk bi bpm^`fl br`ifabl k,afjbkpflk^i
Rb abcfkfŽ rk^ ob`q^ bk bi bpm^`fl k,afjbkpflk^i `ljl rk `lkgrkql ab i^ clo,j^ vM * o>w l_qbkfa^ prj^kal ^ rk mrkql a^al M qlalp ilp sb`qlobp ab i^ bk,slisbkqb ifkb^i ab rk sb`qlo > kl kril- Cb jlal m^ob`fal pb abcfkb rk mi^kl+`lk i^ afcbobk`f^ ab nrb prj^jlp ^ M qlalp ilp sb`qlobp ab i^ bkslisbkqb ifkb^i abalp sb`qlobp = u > ifkb^ijbkqb fkabmbkafbkqbp- O^o^ ^pbdro^oklp nrb Rh `lkqfbkbalp sb`qlobp ifkb^ijbkqb fkabmbkafbkqbp+ prmlkbjlp abpab bi mofk`fmfl nrb i ƒ 1-Lr`e^p ab krbpqo^p ^mif`^`flkbp pb obcbofoŠk ^i `^pl i < 2-
CDEHMHBHˆM- Ri ^jiepioj K _` kpiojn _` Si `n pi kg\ij nd `sdno`i pikpioj M s _jn q`^ojm`n gdi`\gh`io` di_`k`i_d`io`n > s ? o\g`n lp`
J < vM * n> * o? Gn*om`\gw,
Cbpfdk^objlp bi `lkgrkql jŠp _obsbjbkqb bp`of_fbkal L < vk * n> * o?w,B^a^ mrkql ab L ab`fjlp nrb bpqŠ `i bi mi^kl- Dk m^oqf`ri^o+ qlj^kal p < o < /+
364 >kgd^\^dji`n _`g ƒgb`]m\ q`^ojmd\g \ g\ b`jh`om…\ \i\g…od^\
> * o?
EHFTQ@ 02-2 Mg\ij lp` k\n\ kjm M b`i`m\_j kjm > v ?* W np m`g\^d‡i b`jh„omd^\^ji `g kg\ij lp` k\n\ kjm N v `noƒ b`i`m\_j kjm > v ?,
sbjlp nrb O bpqŠbk bi mi^kl- Di `lkgrkql xO * n> * o?w q^j_f‹k pb ii^j^ mi^klnrb m^p^mlo O dbkbo^al mlo = v >+ Br^kal O bp bi lofdbk+ bi mi^kl bp pfjmib,jbkqb i^ bkslisbkqb ifkb^i ab > u ?, K^ cfdro^ 02-2 jrbpqo^ rk mi^kl ab S0 nrbm^p^ mlo bi lofdbk v dbkbo^al mlo = v >) X rk mi^kl nrb m^p^ mlo rk mrkql Okl kril v dbkbo^al mlo bi jfpjl m^oab sb`qlobp-
@elo^ abar`fobjlp ^idrk^p molmfba^abpab ilp mi^klp ^kŠild^p ^ i^p ab i^pob`q^p a^a^p bk ilp qblobj^p abi 02-0 ^i 02-3- K^ mofjbo^ klp jrbpqo^ nrb ilpsb`qlobp+> u ? ab i^ abcfkf`fŽk abi mi^kl vM * n> * o?w mrbab obbjmi^w^opbmlo`r^inrfbo lqol m^onrb qbkd^ i^ jfpj^ bkslisbkqb ifkb^i-
RCMPCK? 02-6- Ajn kg\ijn L < xO * n> * o?w v L&< xO * pb * HCylp` k\n\i kjm `g hdnhj kpioj O nji dbp\g`n nd t n‡gj nd g\ `iqjgq`io` gdi`\g _`> t ? ^jdi^d_` ^ji g\ _` b t C-
A`hjnom\^d‡i, Rf i^ bkslisbkqb ifkb^i ab > u ? bp fdr^i ^ i^ ab a u C+ bpbsfabkqb nrb L < I$+ Qb`Œmol`^jbkqb+prmlkd^jlp nrb L < I$+ Di mi^kl L`lkqfbkb ^ O * = u ^ O * >+ Orbpql nrb bplp mrkqlp bpqŠk ^j_lp q^j_f‹k bkI$) `^a^ rkl ab ilp&= u > ab_b bpq^obk i^ bkslisbkqb ifkb^i ab a u C- @kŠild^,jbkqb+ a u C bpqŠk^j_lp bk i^ bkslisbkqb ifkb^i ab = u >+ Olo `lkpfdrfbkqb i^bkslisbkqb ifkb^i ab = u > bp fdr^i ^ i^ ab a u C-
Di qblobj^ pfdrfbkqbjrbpqo^ nrb bi mrkql O nrb ^m^ob`bbk i^ abcfkf`fŽk abimi^kl vM)n>)o?w mrbab prpqfqrfopbmlo `r^inrfbo lqol mrkql O abi jfpjl mi^kl-
Mg\ijn `i `g `nk\^dj `p^g…_`j i+_dh`indji\g .10
RCMPCK? 02-7- Ajn kg\ijn L < vM)n> * o?w t L& < wO * n> * o?wb`i`m\_jn kjm gjn hdnhj q`^ojm`n > t ? ^jdi^d_`i pf t n‡gj nd O `noƒ `i L-
A`hjnom\^d‡i, Rf L < J%* bkqlk`bp O bpqŠ `fboq^jbkqb bk L- O^o^ abjlp,qo^o bi ob`Œmol`l+ prmlkd^jlp nrb P bpqŠ bk L+ pb^ P < M * \> * ]?, Slokb,j^p `r^inrfbo mrkql W ab L- Dkqlk`bp W < M * n> * o? m^o^ rklp `fboqlp bp,`^i^obp p u o, Obol M;N+\>+]?* ab jlal nrb U;N)&n+\'>)&o+]'?,Olo `lkpfdrfbkqb W bpqŠ bk I$) `lk il nrb L R: I$+ Cbi jfpjl jlal+ bk`lk,qo^jlp nrb J% R: L+ ^pŒnrb ilp alp mi^klp plk fdr^ibp-
Di mlpqri^al ab i^p m^o^ibi^p ab Dr`ifabp 'qblobj^ 02-2( qfbkb rk^ cloj^^kŠild^ m^o^ ilp mi^klp- @kqbp ab bpq^_ib`bo bpqb qblobj^ kb`bpfq^jlp abcfkfo bim^o^ibifpjl ab alp mi^klp- K^ abcfkf`fŽk bpqŠ prdbofa^ mlo i^ obmobpbkq^`fŽk dbl,j‹qof`^ ab i^ cfdro^ 02-2-
CDEHMHBHˆM- Ajn kg\ijn L < vM * n> * o?w V L& < wO * pB * oAw njik\m\g`gjn nd g\ `iqjgq`io` gdi`\g _` > s ? `n dbp\g \ g\ _` B s C- A`^dhjn o\h]d„ilp` pi q`^ojm W `n k\m\g`gj \g kg\ij L pf W k`mo`i`^` \ g\ `iqjgq`io` gdi`\g _`= t >+
RCMPCK? 02-8- A\_jn pi kg\ij L t pi kpioj P ij k`mo`i`^d`io` \ L+ `sdn+o` pi kg\ij t n‡gj pij K& lp` ^jiod`i` P t `n k\m\g`gj \ K-
A`hjnom\^d‡i, Rb^ L < vM * n> * o?w X `lkpfabobjlp bi mi^klL& < wO * n> * o?w, Dpqb mi^kl `lkqfbkb O u bp dbkbo^al mlo ilp jfpjlp sb`,qlobp = u > nrb bkdbkao^k L- Olo `lkpfdrfbkqb L& bp m^o^ibil ^ L- Rf L! bp lqolmi^kl nrb m^p^ mlo O m^o^ibil ^ L+ bkqlk`bp
IE < vN * n@ * oAw
bk alkab i^ bkslisbkqb ifkb^i ab B v C bp fdr^i ^ i^ ab = v >+ Rbd•k bi qblobj^02-6+ ab_b pbo I! < I$+ Olo il q^kql L& bp bi •kf`l mi^kl mlo P m^o^ibil ^ L-
Di qblobj^ 02-3 klp af`b nrb alp mrkqlp afpqfkqlp abqbojfk^k rk^ ob`q^-Di qblobj^ nrb pfdrb abjrbpqo^ nrb qobp mrkqlp afpqfkqlp abqbojfk^k rk mi^kl+`lk q^i nrb ilp qobp mrkqlp kl bpq‹k ^ifkb^alp-
RCMPCK? 02-0/- Rf M*P V O nji om`nkpiojn ij ndop\_jn `i g\ hdnh\ m`^o\*`sdno` pi kg\ij J t n‡gj pij lp` ^jiod`i` `njn om`nkpiojn, Q\g kg\ij `noƒ _\_jkjm `g ^jiepioj
' 02-3( I < vM * n&N + M' * ooO + M'w,
366 >kgd^\^dji`n _`g ƒgb`]m\ q`^ojmd\g \ g\ b`jh`om…\ \i\g…od^\
A`hjnom\^d‡i, Rrmlkd^jlp mofjbol nrb rkl ab ilp qobpmrkqlp+ mlo bgbj,mil L) pb^ bi lofdbk- Dkqlk`bp O u N kl bpqŠkbk rk^ jfpj^ ob`q^ nrb m^pbmlo bilofdbk ab jlal& nrb plk ifkb^ijbkqb fkabmbkafbkqbp-Olo `lkpfdrfbkqb+ bkdbkao^krk mi^kl nrb m^p^ mlo bi lofdbk+ pb^ ‹pqb
J% < vnN * oOw,
Dpqbmi^kl `lkqfbkb ilp qobpmrkqlp N+ O v O,Cbjlpqobjlp ^elo^ nrb K& bp bi •kf`l mi^kl nrb `lkqfbkb bplp qobpmrkqlp-
Br^inrfbo lqol mi^kl nrb m^pbmlo bi lofdbk qfbkb i^ cloj^
J! < vn> * oBw*
pfbkal = X > ifkb^ijbkqb fkabmbkafbkqbp-Rf L! `lkqfbkb P v N) qbkbjlp
'02-4( M < \> * ]?* O < ^> * _B*
m^o^ `fboqlp bp`^i^obp \* \) `9 ^+ Krbdl+ qla^ `lj_fk^`fŽk ifkb^i ab P u N bpq^j_f‹k rk^ `lj_fk^`fŽk ifkb^i ab = u >) ^pŒnrb I$m I!+
O^o^ abjlpqo^o nrb L! Q I$) _^pq^ abjlpqo^o nrb = u > plk `^a^ rkl abbiilp rk^ `lj_fk^`fŽk ifkb^i ab O u O, Lriqfmif`^kal i^ mofjbo^ b`r^`fŽk '02-4(mlo ^ u i^ pbdrka^ mlo \ u obpq^kal+bifjfk^jlp > u pb l_qfbkb
d\_ + ]^'> < _N + ]O,
K^ afcbobk`f^ \_ + ]` kl mrbab pbo`bol+ ab lqol jlal P v O pboŒ^kabmbkafbk,qbp-Olo il q^kql mlabjlp afsfafo mlo \_ + ]` u bumobp^o> `ljl `lj_fk^`fŽkifkb^i ab P u N+ @kŠild^jbkqb+ mlabjlp bumobp^o> `ljl `lj_fk^`fŽk ifkb^i abO u O* `lk il nrb J! R J%, Dpql abjrbpqo^ bi qblobj^ `r^kal rkl ab ilp qobpmrkqlp L) P+ N bp bi lofdbk-
O^o^ abjlpqo^o bi qblobj^ bk bi `^pl dbkbo^i+pb^ L bi `lkgrkql '02-3(+a < P , M u C < O + M, Cbjlpqo^jlp mofjbol nrb a u A plk ifkb^ijbkqbfkabmbkafbkqbp- Rf kl+ qbkaoŒ^jlp C < o` m^o^ ^id•k bp`^i^o o* aŠkalklpN * L < n%M* L&) l N < L * n%M* L&) bk `lkqo^af``fŽk `lk bi eb`el ab nrbM* P+ O kl bpqŠkbk i^ jfpj^ ob`q^- Olo `lkpfdrfbkqb bi `lkgrkql J bp rk mi^klnrb m^p^mlo M u bpqŠdbkbo^al mlo bi m^oab sb`qlobp ifkb^ijbkqb fkabmbkafbkqbpa u A, Dpqbmi^kl `lkqfbkb ilp qobpmrkqlp M*O u O 'qlj^jlp n < 0+o < N m^o^l_qbkbo P+ u n < N+ o < 0 m^o^ l_qbkbo N&+ @elo^ qbkbjlp nrb abjlpqo^o nrb‹pqb bp bi •kf`l mi^kl nrb `lkqfbkb L) O u N
Rb^ J% `r^inrfbo mi^kl nrb `lkqbkd^ M*O u O, X^ nrb J% bp rk mi^kl nrb`lkqfbkb L) qbkbjlp
J% < vM * n> * oBw
Mg\ijn t api^dji`n q`^ojmd\g`n 478
m^o^ rk `fboql m^o ab sb`qlobp ifkb^ijbkqb fkabmbkafbkqbp = v >+ Rb^ Iw < um= (* o?w bi mi^kl nrb m^p^ mlo bi lofdbk dbkbo^al mlo bi jfpjl m^o > v ?, Dsfabk,qbjbkqb L& `lkqfbkb rk sb`qlo W pf v pŽil pf Iw `lkqfbkb T*L+ Orbpql nrb L&`lkqfbkb O v N) bi mi^kl I w `lkqfbkb b < O , L v C < N * L+ Obol ^`^_^jlpab abjlpqo^o nrb bufpqb rk mi^kl v pŽil rkl nrb `lkqfbkb N+ b v C mrbpql nrbb v C plk ifkb^ijbkqb fkabmbkafbkqbp- Olo `lkpfdrfbkqb Jx < um_ * oAw* abjlal nrb L& < vM * pb * oAw < L- Dpql `ljmibq^ i^ abjlpqo^`fŽk-
Dk bi qblobj^ 02-4 pb abjlpqoŽ nrb alp sb`qlobp ab Si plk ifkb^ijbkqb ab,mbkafbkqbp pf v pŽil pf bpqŠk bk rk^ jfpj^ ob`q^ nrb m^p^ mlo bi lofdbk- Di qblob,j^ nrb pfdrb bp bi `loobpmlkafbkqb ^i `^pl ab qobp sb`qlobp-
RCMPCK? 02-00- Qm`n q`^ojm`n >* ?* b _` Si nji gdi`\gh`io` _`k`i_d`io`nnd t n‡gj nd `noƒi `i pi hdnhj kg\ij lp` k\n\ kjm `g jmdb`i,
A`hjnom\^d‡i, Rrmlkd^jlp nrb >* ?* b plk abmbkafbkqbp- Olabjlp bkqlk,`bp bumobp^o rkl ab ilp sb`qlobp `ljl `lj_fk^`fŽk ifkb^i ab ilp lqolp alp+ pb^b < n> * o?, Rf > X ? plk fkabmbkafbkqbp+ bkdbkao^k rk mi^kl nrb m^p^ mlobi lofdbk u b bpqŠ bk bpqb mi^kl- Rf = X > plk abmbkafbkqbp+ bkqlk`bp =) > X bbpqŠk pfqr^alp bk rk^ jfpj^ ob`q^ nrb m^p^ mlo bi lofdbk+ v mlo q^kql bpqŠk bk`r^inrfbo mi^kl nrb m^pb mlo bi lofdbk nrb `lkqfbkb ilp qobp mrkqlp F+)? X a-
O^o^ abjlpqo^o bi ob`Œmol`l+ prmlkd^jlp nrb =) >) b bpqŠk bk rk jfpjlmi^kl nrb m^p^ mlo bi lofdbk+ pb^ ‹pqb bi mi^kl L- Rf = X > plk abmbkafbkqbp+ bk,qlk`bp =) > X b plk abmbkafbkqbp+ v kl e^v k^a^ jŠp nrb abjlpqo^o- Rf = X >plk fkabmbkafbkqbp+ dbkbo^k rk mi^kl L& nrb m^p^ mlo bi lofdbk- Rbd•k bi qblob,j^ 02-0/+ bufpqb rk mi^kl v pŽil rkl nrb m^p^ mlo N v `lkqfbkb = v >+ Olo `lk,pfdrfbkqb L& < L- Orbpql nrb b bpqŠ bk bpb mi^kl+ ab_b pbo b < n> * o?* `lkil nrb >* > v b plk abmbkafbkqbp-
)+&/ CYN[\` e Sb[PV\[R` cRPa\_VNYR`
K^ `loobpmlkabk`f^ nrb ^pl`f^ ^ `^a^ m^o ab k•jbolp ob^ibp p v o bi sb`qloM * n> * o? bk bi mi^kl L < vM* n> * o?w bp lqol bgbjmil ab crk`fŽk sb`qlof^i-Dk bpqb `^pl+ bi aljfkfl ab i^ crk`fŽk bp bi `lkgrkql ab qlalp ilp m^obp ab k•jb,olp ob^ibp %m)0( v pr ob`loofal bp bi mi^kl L- Rf abpfdk^jlp i^ crk`fŽk mlo W u prps^ilobp mlo W'p+i(+ bkqlk`bp m^o^ `^a^ m^o %m)n& qbkbjlp
'02-5( U&n*o' < M * n> * o?,
Dpq^ crk`fŽk W bp rk^ crk`fŽk sb`qlof^i ab alp s^of^_ibp ob^ibp- Klp bp`^i^obp p v opb ii^j^k m^oŠjbqolp- u i^ b`r^`fŽk '02-5( bp i^ b`r^`fŽk m^o^j‹qof`^ l sb`qlof^i
37. >kgd^\^dji`n _`g ƒgb`]m\ q`^ojmd\g \ g\ b`jh`om…\ \i\g…od^\
abi mi^kl- Dpql bp il jfpjl nrb i^ obmobpbkq^`fŽkab rk^ ob`q^ jbaf^kqb rk^crk`fŽk sb`qlof^i ab rk^ s^of^_ib ob^i- K^ mobpbk`f ab alp m^oŠjbqolp bk i^ b`r^,`fŽk '02-5( a^ ^i mi^kl rk^ `r^ifa^a _fafjbkpflk^i- Br^kal `^a^ sb`qlo bpqŠbkS 2 X pb bumobp bk crk`fŽk ab prp `ljmlkbkqbp+ mlo bgbjmil
v T%m)o' < %r)t* w(+
i^ b`r^`fŽk sb`qlof^i '02-5( mrbab obbjmi^w^opbmlo qobpb`r^`flkbp bp`^i^obp+
r < OH* m[f * o]f)
Klp m^oŠjbqolp p v o pfbjmob mrbabk bifjfk^opb bkqobbp^p qobpb`r^`flkbp l_qb,kfbkal rk^ b`r^`fŽk ifkb^i ab i^ cloj^ \s * ]t * ^u << _* ii^j^a^ b`r^`fŽk `^olqbpf^k^abi mi^kl- Olkboklp pbdrfa^jbkqb rk bgbjmil-
DIDLOKN- Rb^ L << vM * n> * o?w* alkab M << '0+ 1+ 2(+ > << '0+ 1+ 0(+X ? << '0+,3+ ,0(- K^ b`r^`fŽk sb`qlof^i `loobpmlkafbkqb bp
U&n*o' < '0+1+2(* p'i+1+0(* o&g*,3+ ,0(-
Cb bpq^ l_qbkboklp i^p qobpb`r^`flkbp m^o^j‹qof`^p
s;g)n)o* t < 1 * 1o , 2o* u;1)n+o,
O^o^ l_qbkbo rk^ b`r^`fŽk `^oqbpf^k^+mlkboklp i^ mofjbo^ v i^ qbo`bo^b`r^`flkbpbk i^ cloj^ s + 0 << p * o*w, 2 << n+o, Rrj^kal v irbdl obpq^kal bp^pb`r^,`flkbp+ bk`lkqo^oklp nrb 1p << s * w , 3+ 0o << s+ w* 1- Rrpqfqrvbkal bk i^pbdrka^ b`r^`fŽk ab i^ v+ l_qbkboklp i^ b`r^`fŽk `^oqbpf^k^ s * v , 2w << ,5-Ulisbobjlp ^ bpqraf^o i^p b`r^`flkbp `^oqbpf^k^pbk i^ pb``fŽk 02-05-
)+&0 :WR_PVPV\`
0- Rb^ L < uL * m= * f>v) alkab L < '0+ 1+ ,2(+ = < '2+ 1+ 0( X > < '0+ N+3(- Cbqbo,jfk^o `rŠibp ab ilp pfdrfbkqbp mrkqlp bpqŠk bk L-
'^( '0+1+N(: '_( '0+1+0(: 'b( '5+3+5(: 'a( '5+5+5(: 'b( '5+5+,4(-1- Klp qobpmrkqlp L < '0+ 0+ ,0(+ O < '2+ 2+ 1( X N < '2+ ,0+ ,1( abqbojfk^o rk mi^kl
L- Cb`fo `rŠibp ab ilp mrkqlp pfdrfbkqbp bpqŠk bk L-'^( '1+1+ p(: '_( '3+ N+,p(: '`( ',2+0+ ,2(: 'a( '2+0+2(: 'b( 'N+N+N(-
2- Cbqbojfk^o i^p b`r^`flkbp bp`^i^obp m^o^j‹qof`^p m^o^ `^a^ rkl ab ilp mi^klp pfdrfbkqbp-^( Di mi^kl nrb m^p^ mlo '0+ 1+ 0( X bpqŠdbkbo^al mlo ilp sb`qlobp 'N+ 0+N( X '0+ 0+3(-_( Di mi^kl nrb m^p^ mlo '0+ 1+ 0(+ 'N+ 0+N( X '0+ 0+3(-
3- Tk mi^kl L qfbkb i^p b`r^`flkbp bp`^i^obp m^o^j‹qof`^p-
s < 0 * n + 1.+ t < 1 * n * 3.+ u;0n)-,
Mmj_p^oj q`^ojmd\g 480
^( Cbqbojfk^o `rŠibp ab ilp pfdrfbkqbp mrkqlp bpqŠk bk L9 'N+ N+ N(+ '0+ 1+ N(+'1+ ,2+ ,2(-_( G^ii^o ilp sb`qlobp L)= u > q^ibp nrb L < uL * m= * n>v+
4- Rb^ L bi mi^kl abqbojfk^al mlo qobp mrkqlp M* P+ O kl ^ifkb^alp-^( Rf k* l* m plk qobp bp`^i^obp q^ibp nrb k * l * m< 0+ abjlpqo^o nrb kM * lN * mObpqŠ bk L-_( Cbjlpqo^o nrb qlal mrkql ab L bp ab i^ cloj^ kM)lN)mO* alkab k)l)m;g,
5- Cbqbojfk^o i^ b`r^`fŽk ifkb^i `^oqbpf^k^ ab i^ cloj^ [r * ]t * ]t < _ m^o^ `^a^ rklab ilp mi^klp pfdrfbkqbp-^( Oi^kl nrb m^p^ mlo '1+ 2+ 0( X bpqŠ dbkbo^al mlo '2+ 1+ 0( X ',0+ ,1+ ,2(-_( Oi^kl nrb m^p^ mlo '1+ 2+ 0(+ ',1+ ,0+ ,2( X '3+2+ ,0(-b( Oi^kl nrb m^p^ mlo '1+ 2+ 0( X bp m^o^ibil ^i mi^kl nrb m^p^ mlo bi lofdbk v bpqŠdbkbo^al mlo '1+ N+ ,1( X '0+ 0+ 0(-
6- K^ b`r^`fŽk `^oqbpf^k^ ab rk mi^kl L bp 0r * 4v * w < 8-^( Cbqbojfk^o `rŠibp ab ilp pfdrfbkqbp mrkqlp bpqŠk bk L9 'N+ ,1+ ,0(+ ',0+ ,1+1(+'2+ 0+,4(-_( G^ii^o ilp sb`qlobp L) = X > q^ibp nrb L < uL * m= * n>v+
7- Blkpfabobjlp ilp alp& mi^klp K < vM * n> * o?w X K&< wO * pB * oAw* alkabL < '0+0+0(+ = < '1+ ,0+2(+ > < ',0+ N+1(+ P < '1+ 2+0(+ B < '0+ 1+ 2( X C < '2+1+0(-G^ii^o alp mrkqlp afpqfkqlp pfqr^alp bk i^ fkqbopb``fŽk L 'g I$+
8- C^alp rk mi^kl L < uL * m= * n>v) alkab L < '1+ 2+ 0(+= < '0+ 1+ 2( X > < '2+ 1+ 0(+X lqol mi^kl L& `rv^ b`r^`fŽk `^oqbpf^k^ bp s + 1v * w< N-^( Cbqbojfk^o pf K v K& plk m^o^ibilp-_( G^ii^o alp mrkqlp bk i^ fkqbopb``fŽk K& 'g K! pf L! qfbkb i^ b`r^`fŽk `^oqbpf^k^
r * 0t * t < N+
0/- Rb^k H i^ ob`q^ nrb m^p^ mlo '0+ 0+ 0( m^o^ibi^ ^i sb`qlo '1+ ,0+2( X L bi mi^kl nrbm^p^ mlo '0+ 0+ , 1( X dbkbo^al mlo ilp sb`qlobp '1+ 0+ 2( X 'N+ 0+ 0(- Ool_^o nrb bufpqbrk mrkql v pŽil rkl bk i^ fkqbopb``fŽk H 'g L X abqbojfk^oil-
00- Tk^ ob`q^ `lk sb`qlo ab afob``fŽk T bp m^o^ibi^ ^ rk mi^kl L pf T bp m^o^ibil ^ L-Rb^ H i^ ob`q^ nrb m^p^ mlo '0+ 0+ 0( X bp m^o^ibi^ ^i sb`qlo '1+ ,0+ 2(- Cbqbojfk^o pfH bp m^o^ibi^ ^ `^a^ rkl ab ilp mi^klp pfdrfbkqbp-^( Oi^kl nrb m^p^ mlo '0+ 0+ ,1( X dbkbo^al mlo '1+ 0+2( X ]+ 0+ 0(-_( Oi^kl nrb m^p^ mlo '0+ 0+ ,1(+ '2+ 4+ 1( X '1+ 3+ ,0(-b( mf^kl ab b`r^`fŽk `^oqbpf^k^ s * 1v * 2w < ,2-
01- Clp mrkqlp M v P bpqŠk bk rk mi^kl L- Cbjlpqo^o nrb qlal mrkql ab i^ ob`q^ nrbm^p^ mlo L v O mboqbkb`b q^j_f‹k ^ L-
02- C^a^ i^ ob`q^ H nrb m^p^ mlo '0+ 1+ 2( X bp m^o^ibi^ ^i sb`qlo '0+ 0+ 0(+ X a^al rk mrkql'1+ 2+ 4( nrb kl bpqŠ bk I, G^ii^o i^ b`r^`fŽk `^oqbpf^k^ abi mi^kl L nrb m^p^ mlo'1+ 2+ 4( X nrb `lkqfbkb qlalp ilp mrkqlp ab I,
03- C^alp rk^ ob`q^ I v rk mrkql M kl pfqr^al bk I, Cbjlpqo^o nrb bufpqb rk mi^kl vpŽil rkl nrb m^p^ mlo M v `lkqfbkb qlalp ilp mrkqlp ab I,
)+&1 C_\QbPa\cRPa\_VNY
Dk jr`e^p ^mif`^`flkbp abi „idb_o^ sb`qlof^i ^ mol_ibj^p ab FbljbqoŒ^ uab Lb`Škf`^ obpriq^ •qfi afpmlkbo ab rk j‹qlal cŠ`fi ab l_qbkbo rk sb`qlo mbo,mbkaf`ri^o ^ `^a^ rkl ab alp sb`qlobp a^alp = u >+ Dpql pb `lkpfdrb `lk bi mol,ar`ql sb`qlof^i = W > nrb pb abcfkb ^pŒ9
370 >kgd^\^dji`n _`g ƒgb`]m\ q`^ojmd\g \ g\ b`jh`om…\ \i\g…od^\
CDEHMHBHˆM- P`\i > < '^i& \0* \n' t ? < &]/* ]0* ]\' _jn q`^ojm`n _` S\,Pp kmj_p^oj q`^ojmd\g > U? &`i `no` jm_`i' n` _`adi` ^jhj `g q`^ojm
@ m^oqfoab bpq^abcfkf`fŽk pb abar`bk `lk c^`fifa^a i^p molmfba^abppfdrfbkqbp-
RCMPCK? 02-01- M\m\ oj_jn gjn q`^ojm`n >* ?* B _` U^ V k\m\ oj_j iˆh`+mj m`\g ` o`i`hjn8
]( = V > < *%> t =&_( = V %>* B( < %= V >& * %= V B(b( ]%= W >& < %]=&W >)a( > , &> V ?' < N &jmojbji\gd_\_ m`nk`^oj \ >'*b( ?% &> V ?' < N &jmojbji\gd_\_ m`nk`^oj \ 5&)b( GG?V @G01< GG?G0100@G01
, &>%?'0 &d_`iod_\_ _` I\bm\ib`'*c( > V ? < N nd s n‡gj nd > s ? nji gdi`\gh`io` _`k`i_d`io`n,
&ndh`om…\\go`mi\_\'*&g`t _dnomd]podq\'*
A`hjnom\^d‡i, K^p m^oqbp (+ _( v b( obpriq^k fkjbaf^q^jbkqb ab i^ abcfkf,`fŽk v pb abg^k `ljl bgbo`f`flp m^o^bi ib`qlo- O^o^ abjlpqo^o a(+ l_pbosbjlp nrb
K^ m^oqbb( pb abar`b abi jfpjl jlal+ l mrbab abar`fopb ab ^( v a(- O^o^ ab,jlpqo^o c(+ bp`of_fjlp
u
u `ljmol_^jlp irbdl nrb ilp alp pbdrkalp jfbj_olp `lfk`fabk-K^ molmfba^a c( jrbpqo^ nrb > W ? < N pf v pŽil pf &>%?'0 < FF>TFF?T,
Rbd•k i^ abpfdr^ia^a ab B^r`ev,R`et^ow 'qblobj^ F/+0&) bpl l`roob pf u pŽil pf rklab ilp sb`qlobp bp bi molar`ql abi lqol mlo rk bp`^i^o- Cf`el ab lqol- jlal+= W > < M pf u pŽil pf = u > plk ifkb^ijbkqb abmbkafbkqbp+il nrb abjrbpqo^ d(-
DIDLOKNR- K^pm^oqbp ( v d( abjrbpqo^k nrb = W = < N- Cb i^ abcfkf`fŽkab molar`ql sb`qlof^i bk`lkqo^jlp nrb
crd:e) dre:c) erc:d+
Mmj_p^oj q`^ojmd\g 482
Di molar`ql sb`qlof^i kl bp ^pl`f^qfsl- Olo bgbjmil+ qbkbjlp
c u %cu g( < c u e < , g pfk bj_^odl %cV c&V f < N V f < N -
Di qblobj^ nrb pfdrb jrbpqo^ alp molmfba^abp crka^jbkq^ibp abi molar`qlsb`qlof^i-
RCMPCK? 02-02- P`\i > t ? _jn q`^ojm`n gdi`\gh`io` di_`k`i_d`io`n `i S\,P` od`i`8
]( Ijn q`^ojm`n >* ?* > V ? nji gdi`\gh`io` di_`k`i_d`io`n,_( Qj_j q`^ojm K _` U^ jmojbji\g \ > t ? ndhpgoƒi`\h`io` `n `g kmj_p^oj
_` pi `n^\g\m kjm > V ?,
A`hjnom\^d‡i, Rb^ B < > W ?, Dkqlk`bp B ;/; N mrbp > v ? plk ifkb^ijbkqbfkabmbkafbkqbp- C^alp ilp bp`^i^obp \* ]* ` q^ibp nrb \> * ]? * ^@ < N+ clojb,jlp bi molar`ql bp`^i^o ab `^a^ jfbj_ol mlo B u qbkfbkal bk `rbkq^ nrb> , B < ?% B < N bk`lkqo^jlp ` < N- Dpql a^ \> * ]? <, N+ `lk 0/ nrb[ < ] < N v^ nrb > u ? plk fkabmbkafbkqbp- Dpql abjrbpqo^ ^(-
Rb^ J rk sb`qlo `r^inrfbo^ loqldlk^i ^ i^ sbw ^ = u ^ >) v pb^ B < = W >+Cbjlpqo^objlp nrb
%J$A> < %J$J&%? ?&+
Dkqlk`bp ab i^ abpfdr^ia^a ab B^r`ev,R`et^ow 'qblobj^ 01-2( obpriq^ nrb J bpbi molar`ql ab B mlo rk bp`^i^o-
Orbpql nrb =) > X B plk ifkb^ijbkqb fkabmbkafbkqbp+ p^_bjlp+ bk sfoqra abiqblobj^ 01- 0/ b(+ nrb dbkbo^k S\, Dk m^oqf`ri^o+ dbkbo^k K* ab jlal nrb ml,abjlp bp`of_fo
K < \> * ]B * ^@
m^o^ `fboqlp bp`^i^obp \* \) ^, Dpql klp a^
J$ J < J$ %[=* \ > * ^@' < _J +B
mrbpql nrb J += < J$ > < N- S^j_f‹k+ v^ nrb B&= < B&> < N+ qbkbjlp
B• K < B• &\> * Fd?* ^@' < ^@%B-
Olo `lkpfdrfbkqb+ &K%K'&@%B( < &^K%@'&@ , B( < &K%@'&^@%B( < &K%@'0*0/nrb `ljmibq^ i^ abjlpqo^`fŽk-
372 >kgd^\^dji`n _`g ƒgb`]m\ q`^ojmd\g\ g\ b`jh`om…\ \i\g…od^\
Di qblobj^ 02-01 klp c^`fifq^ i^ fkqbomobq^`fŽkdblj‹qof`^ abi molar`ql sb`,qlof^i- Olo i^p molmfba^abpa( u b(+ p^_bjlp nrb = W > bp mbombkaf`ri^o pfjri,qŠkb^jbkqb ^ = u ^ >+ Br^kal bi sb`qlo = V > pb obmobpbkqdblj‹qof`^jbkqbjbaf^kqb rk^ cib`e^+i^ afob``fŽk ab i^ cib`e^ abmbkab ab i^p mlpf`flkbp obi^qfs^p
fH,f
^( Rfpqbj^ `lloabk^al lofbkq^al bkpbkqfal afob`ql-
f
H,ef
> s?
_( Rfpqbj^ `lloabk^al lofbkq^albk pbkqfal obqoŽdo^al-
EHFTQ@ 02-3 Mjnd^dji`n m`g\odq\n_` >* ? W > W ?,
ab ilp qobpsb`qlobp rkfq^oflp `lloabk^alp- Rf c)f X e pb `lil`^k `ljl pb sb bki^ cfdro^ 02-3 ^(+ pb af`b nrb cloj^k rk ndno`h\ ^jjm_`i\_j jmd`io\_j `i n`iod_j_dm`^oj, Dk bpqb`^pl+ i^ afob``fŽk ab > W%?bpqŠabqbojfk^a^ mlo i^ ~obdi^ abi^ j^kl abob`e^‚- Dpql bp+`r^kal = dfo^ e^`f^ > ab jlal nrb ilp abalp ab i^j^kl abob`e^ pb•^ibk bi pbkqfal ab i^ olq^`fŽk+bkqlk`bp bi mrid^o fkaf`^ i^ af,ob``fŽk ab = W > 'prmlkfbkal+ ab ^`rboal `lk il nrb pb afp`rqb+ nrb bi mrid^obpqŠmbombkaf`ri^o^ ilp lqolp abalp(- Dk rk pfpqbj^ `lloabk^al lofbkq^al bk pbk,qfal obqoŽdo^al+ ljl bk i^ cfdro^ 02-3 _(+ i^ afob``fŽk ab = W A pb fksfboqbumrbab abqbojfk^opb `lk rk^ `loobpmlkafbkqb obdi^ ab i^ j^kl fwnrfboa^-
K^ ilkdfqra ab = W > qfbkb rk^ fkqbomobq^`fŽkdblj‹qof`^ fkqbobp^kqb-Rf =X ? plk sb`qlobp kl krilp nrb cloj^k rk^ Škdril `* pfbkal N z ` x 6S+ mlabjlpbp`of_fo= +> < GY?GGYY@eplp ` bk i^ molmfba^a c( abi qblobj^ 02-01 l_qbkfbkal
ab i^ nrb obpriq^
GG?u >EE < GG?00GG@GGpbk‹ -
Orbpql nrb GG@GGpbk ` bp i^ ^iqro^ abi m^o^ibildo^jl abqbojfk^al mlo = u > 'sbocfdro^ 02-4(+sbjlp nrb g\ gjibdop_ _` > V ? `n dbp\g\g ƒm`\ _` `n` k\m\g`gjbm\hj,
Bg kmj_p^oj q`^ojmd\g `skm`n\_j `i ajmh\ _` _`o`mhdi\io` 373
„ob^ < GG?uA00
EHFTQ@ 02-4 I\ gjibdop_ _` > V ? `n dbp\g \g ƒm`\ _`g k\m\g`gjbm\hj _`o`mhdi\_j kjm > v ?,
)+&)( :Y ]_\QbPa\ cRPa\_VNYRd]_R`NQ\ R[ S\_ZN QRQRaR_ZV[N[aR
K^ cŽojri^ nrb abcfkb bi molar`ql sb`qlof^i mrbab mlkbopb bk cloj^ jŠp`ljm^`q^ `lk i^ ^vra^ ab ilp abqbojfk^kqbp- Rf \* ]* `* _ plk `r^qol k•jbolp+ i^afcbobk`f^ \_ + ]` pb abpfdk^ ^ jbkral `lk bi pŒj_lil
u nrb pb ii^j^ _`o`mhdi\io` 'ab pbdrkal loabk(- Klp k•jbolp \* ]* `* _ plk prp`g`h`iojn* v ab`fjlp nrb bpqŠk `lil`^alp bk alp adg\n \* ] v `* _ v bk alp ^jgph+i\n \* ` u ]* _, N_p‹osbpb nrb rk fkqbo`^j_fl ab i^p alp cfi^p l ab i^p alp `lirj,k^p pŽil `^j_f^ bi pfdkl abi abqbojfk^kqb- Olo bgbjmil+ mrbpql nrb \_ + ]` :; +&]` + \_'* qbkbjlp
Rf bumobp^jlp `^a^ rkl ab ilp `ljmlkbkqbp abi molar`ql sb`qlof^i `ljl rkabqbojfk^kqb& ab loabk alp+ i^ cŽojri^ nrb abcfkb = W > qlj^ i^ cloj^
Dpql mrbab q^j_f‹k bumobp^opbbk crk`fŽk ab ilp sb`qlobp <"d,e `ljl pfdrb9
'H2-6(
374 >kgd^\^dji`n _`g ƒgb`]m\ q`^ojmd\g\ g\ b`jh`om…\ \i\g…od^\
Klp abqbojfk^kqbp ab qbo`boloabk pb bp`of_bk `lk qobpcfi^pv qobp`lirjk^pv mrbabk abcfkfopbbk crk`fŽk ab ilp abqbojfk^kqbp ab loabk alp mlo i^ cŽojri^
'02-7(
Dpql bp il nrb pb ii^j^ bi ~abp^ooliil‚ ab rk abqbojfk^kqb mlo ilp bibjbkqlpab i^ mofjbo^ cfi^- N_pbosbjlp nrb bi abqbojfk^kqb abi pbdrkal jfbj_ol nrbjriqfmif`^ [f mrbab l_qbkbopb abi abqbojfk^kqb abi mofjbo jfbj_ol prmofjfbkali^ cfi^ v i^ `lirjk^ bk i^p nrb ^m^ob`b[f$ Klp lqolp alp abqbojfk^kqbp abi pbdrk,al jfbj_ol pb l_qfbkbk abi jfpjl jlal-
Dk bi Ulirjbk 00 pb bpqraf^k ilp abqbojfk^kqbp ab loabk j^vlo nrb qobp-Mlp molmlkŒ^jlp •kf`^jbkqb fkqolar`fo ilp abqbojfk^kqbp ab Žoabkbp pbdrkal vqbo`bol m^o^ afpmlkbo ab rk fkpqorjbkql m^o^ bp`of_fo `fboq^pcŽojri^p bk cloj^`ljm^`q^ nrb mbojfq^ ob`loa^oi^p `lk j^vlo c^`fifa^a-
Klp abqbojfk^kqbp qfbkbk mibkl pfdkfcf`^al pf ilp bibjbkqlp ab i^ mofjbo^cfi^ plk sb`qlobp- Olo bgbjmil+ pf bp`of_fjlp bi abqbojfk^kqb
d f e
u ~abp^oolii^jlp‚ pbd•k i^ obdi^ bpq^_ib`fa^ bk '02-7(+ bk`lkqo^jlp nrb bi ob,priq^al `lfk`fab `lk bi pbdrkal jfbj_ol ab '02-6(- Cb lqol jlal+ mlabjlp bp,`of_fo i^ abcfkf`fŽk abi molar`ql sb`qlof^i = W > bk i^ cloj^ `ljm^`q^ pfdrfbkqb9
d f e
> u ? < [f [/ ^^
]R ], ^^
Olo bgbjmil+ m^o^ `^i`ri^o bi molar`ql sb`qlof^i ab > < 1: , 6e * 1f v> < 3: * 0e) bp`of_fjlp
Be`m^d^djn 486
)+&)) :WR_PVPV\`
0- Rb^k > < +m c * 0f* ? <1: * f , f* b < d)0e * 0f, B^i`ri^o `^a^ rkl ab ilp pfdrfbk,qbp sb`qlobp bk crk`fŽk ab c)g+e7
']( = t >8'^( ? t A:'b( B u =8
'a( =r 'B t =&8
'a( %= t >& t B:'b( = t %> r?&8
'c( %= u A( u >8'd( %= * >& t %= * ?&8
'f( %= u >& u %= r?&+
1- Dk `^a^ `^pl e^ii^o rk sb`qlo ab ilkdfqra 0 bk R 2 loqldlk^i ^ i^ sbw ^ = v ^ >7
']( > < c * f * f*'_( = < 1: , 2g * 1e)'b( > < c * 1g* 1f*
? < 1: * 1e + f9
? < ,:&*4g* 5f9
> < ,2: * 1g, e+
2- Dk `^a^ `^pl rqfifw^o bi molar`ql sb`qlof^i m^o^ `^i`ri^o bi Šob^ abi qofŠkdril ab s‹oqf,`bp =) >) B9
'^( = < 'N+1+1(+'_( > < ',1+2+ 0(+'b( > < 'N+N+N(+
? < '1+ N+,0(+? < '0+ ,2+3(+> < 'N+ 0+0(+
B < '2+3+ N(:B < '0+1+0(:B<'i+N+i(-
3- Rf > < 1: * 3e * 1f* ? <1: * 6g * 2f* v b < 2: * 2: * 4f* bumobp^o bi molar`ql sb`,qlof^i %= * a( u %> * =& bk crk`fŽk ab c)d*e+
4- Cbjlpqo^o nrb GG?W @GG< Keh GG@ Gpf v pŽil pf = v > plk loqldlk^ibp+5- C^alp alp sb`qlobp ifkb^ijbkqb fkabmbkafbkqbp = v- > ab U^&Rb^ b < %> W =& * >+
^( Cbjlpqo^o nrb = bp loqldlk^i ^ > * a-_( Cbjlpqo^o nrb bi Škdril %F nrb cloj^k ? v b p^qfpc^`b f6S ; '( ; 6S-
b( Rf GG@GG< 0 X GG@W ?GG< 1+ `^i`ri^o i^ ilkdfqra ab a-6- Rb^k = v > alp sb`qlobp loqldlk^ibp bk U^&qbkfbkal `^a^ rkl ilkdfqra 0-
^( Cbjlpqo^o nrb =) >) = W > bp rk^ _^pb loqlkloj^i m^o^ U^&_( Rb^ b < %= W >& W =+ Cbjlpqo^o nrb GGAhG< 0-b( So^w^o rk^ cfdro^ nrb jrbpqo^ i^ obi^`fŽk dblj‹qof`^ bkqob =) >) X = W > X rqfifw^obp^ cfdro^ m^o^ l_qbkbo i^p obi^`flkbp
%= u >& u = < >) %= V >& V > < *=+
a( Cbjlpqo^o i^p obi^`flkbp ab i^ m^oqb b( ^idb_o^f`^jbkqb-7- ^( Rf = W > < N X = +> W N+ rkl mlo il jbklp ab ilp sb`qlobp = l > bp kril- Cb,
jlpqo^o bpq^ molmlpf`fŽk v a^o pr fkqbomobq^`fŽk dblj‹qof`^-_( C^al = +‹ N- Rf = W > < = W a v ={ > < ={ a+ abjlpqo^o nrb > < a-
8- Rb^k > < &1:, e * 0f v b < 2: * 2e + f,
^( G^ii^o rk sb`qlo > q^i nrb = W > < a- ƒG^v jŠp ab rk^ plir`fŽk>_( G^ii^o rk sb`qlo > q^i nrb = W > < a u = +> < 0- ƒG^v jŠp ab rk^ plir`fŽk>
0/- C^alp rk sb`qlo kl kril = v rk sb`qlo b loqldlk^i ^ =) ^j_lp bk R +Cbjlpqo^o nrbbufpqb rk plil sb`qlo > q^i nrb = W > < b v = +> < 0- ^
00- Sobp s‹oqf`bp ab rk m^o^ibildo^jl plk ilp mrkqlp = < '0+ N+ 0(+ > < ',0+ 0+ 0(+b < '1+ ,0+1(-
^( G^ii^o qlalp ilp mrkqlp C nrb mrbabk pbo bi `r^oql s‹oqf`b abi m^o^ibildo^jl-_( B^i`ri^o bi Šob^ abi qofŠkdril =>_+
376 >kgd^\^dji`n _`g ƒgb`]m\ q`^ojmd\g\ g\ b`jh`om…\ \i\g…od^\
01- C^alp alp sb`qlobp kl m^o^ibilp = v > ab R1 pfbkal = +> < 1+ GG?GG< 0+ GG@GG< 3- Rb^B < /%= W >& * 0>+ B^i`ri^o = +%>* ?&) GhAeG+v bi `lpbkl abi Škdril '( nrb cloj^k> v B-
02- C^alp alp sb`qlobp ifkb^ijbkqb fkabmbkafbkqbp = v > ab R2&Cbqbojfk^o pf `^a^ rk^ abi^p pfdrfbkqbp molmlpf`flkbp bp `fboq^ l c^ip^-^( = * >) = * >) = W > plk ifkb^ijbkqb fkabmbkafbkqbp-_( = * >) = (%= W >&) > (%= W >& plk ifkb^ijbkqb fkabmbkafbkqbp-b( =) >) %=* >& W %=* >& plk ifkb^ijbkqb fkabmbkafbkqbp-
03- ^( Cbjlpqo^o nrb qobp sb`qlobp =) >) B+ ab R1 bpqŠk bk rk^ jfpj^ ob`q^ pf u pŽil- pf%>* =& W 'B , =& < N-_( Rf = !+ >) abjlpqo^o nrb i^ ob`q^ nrb m^p^ mlo = v > `lkpfpqb bk bi `lkgrkql abqlalp ilp sb`qlobp L q^ibp nrb %L * =& W %L * >& < N-
04- C^alp alp sb`qlobp loqldlk^ibp =) > ab R1
* ^j_lp ab ilkdfqra 0- Rb^ L rk sb`qlo nrbp^qfpc^`b i^ b`r^`fŽk L W > < =*L+ Cbjlpqo^o `^a^ rk^ ab i^p molmlpf`flkbp-^( M bp loqldlk^i ^ ? X-qfbkb ilkdfqra isf_( L) >) L W > cloj^k rk^ _^pb m^o^ R
1Š
a( %L V >& V > < , L+
a( L < i@ , c%= t >&+
)+&)* C_\QbPa\ZVda\
Klp molar`qlp bp`^i^o v sb`qlof^i mrbabk `lj_fk^opb m^o^cloj^o bi kmj_p^ojhdsoj > , ? W B+`rvl pfdkfcf`^al bp > , &?W B( bu`irpfs^jbkqb- Orbpql nrb bpqbbp rk molar`ql bp`^i^o ab alp sb`qlobp+pr s^ilo bp rk bp`^i^o- Olabjlp `^i`ri^obpqb bp`^i^o mlo jbafl ab abqbojfk^kqbp- Dp`of_^jlp = < %[f$ \0 * [0&)A < %\/ * \) ) \1'* B < '`+ +B1 +B^( X bumobpbjlp > W B bk i^ cloj^ '02-6(- Elo,j^kal bi molar`ql bp`^i^o `lk >* l_qbkbjlp
@pŒmrbp+= +> W B bp fdr^i ^i abqbojfk^kqb `rv^p cfi^p plk ilp `ljmlkbkqbp abilp c^`qlobp >* ? X B-
Dk bi qblobj^ 0,2-01 pb bk`lkqoŽ nrb alp sb`qlobp = v > plk ifkb^ijbkqb ab,mbkafbkqbppf v pŽil pf pr molar`ql sb`qlof^i = V > bp bi sb`qlo kril- Di qblobj^pfdrfbkqba^ rk `ofqbofl ^kŠildl `loobpmlkafbkqb m^o^i^ abmbkabk`f^ ifkb^i ab qobpsb`qlobp-
RCMPCK? 02-03- Qm`nq`^ojm`n >* ?* B _` S1 nji gdi`\gh`io` _`k`i_d`io`nndv n‡gj nd
=$> V `< l-
Mmj_p^oj hdsoj 488
A`hjnom\^d‡i, Rrmlkd^jlp mofjbol nrb >* ?* X b plk abmbkafbkqbp-Rf > X a plk abmbkafbkqbp+bkqlk`bp > W a < k+ u mlo q^kql =$ > W a < N-Rrmlkd^jlp+ pbdrfa^jbkqb+ nrb ? u a plk fkabmbkafbkqbp-Orbpql nrb ilp qobpplkabmbkafbkqbp+bufpqbk rklp bp`^i^obp \* ]* `* kl qlalp krilp+ -q^ibp nrb\> * ]? * ^` < N- Dk bpq^obi^`fŽk ab_b pbo\ ;/; N+ab lqol jlal ? u a pboŒ^kabmbkafbkqbp-Olo `lkpfdrfbkqb+ mlabjlp afsfafo mlo \ u bumobp^o= `ljl rk^`lj_fk^`fŽk ifkb^i ab ? u a+ mlo bgbjmil > < o? * n`, Eloj^kal bi molar`qlbp`^i^o ab `^a^ jfbj_ol mlo ? W a+bk`lkqo^jlp
> , &? t B( < o?%? t B * n`+ ? t B < N+
mrbpql nrb ? u B plk ^j_lp loqldlk^ibp ^ ? W a- Olo q^kql i^ abmbkabk`f^ ab=) > X b fjmif`^ nrb = +> W b < N-
O^o^ abjlpqo^o bi ob`Œmol`l+prmlkd^jlp nrb = +> W a < k- Rf > X a plkabmbkafbkqbp+q^j_f‹k il plk =) > v &B+v bi qblobj^ bpqŠabjlpqo^al- Rrmlkd^,jlp+ mrbp+nrb ? u a plk ifkb^ijbkqb fkabmbkafbkqbp-Dkqlk`bp+pbd•k bi qblobj^02-02+ilp qobpsb`qlobp >) a+u > W a plk ifkb^ijbkqb fkabmbkafbkqbp-Krbdl+ bk,dbkao^k > `lk il nrb mlabjlp bp`of_fo
> < \? * ]@ * ^&? t B(
m^o^ `fboqlp bp`^i^obp \* ]* ^, Eloj^kal bi molar`ql bp`^i^o ab `^a^ jfbj_olmlo > W a u qbkfbkal bk `rbkq^ nrb =$ %>W a( < N+bk`lkqo^jlp ` < N+^pŒnrb = < [> * \_+ Dpql abjrbpqo^ nrb =) > X b plk ifkb^ijbkqb abmbkafbkqbp-
DIDLOKN- O^o^ abqbojfk^o pf ilp qobpsb`qlobp '1+ 2+ ,0(+ '2+ ,6+4(+ X'0+ ,4+1( plk abmbkafbkqbp+cloj^jlp pr molar`ql jfuql+ bumobp^al bk cloj^ ababqbojfk^kqb
1 2,0
2 ,6 4 < 1' , 03 * 14( , 2'5 , 4( , 0',04 * 6( < 16 -
,4 1
Orbpql nrb bi molar`ql jfuql kl bp kril+ ilp qobpsb`qlobp plk ifkb^ijbkqb fkab,mbkafbkqbp
Di molar`ql jfuql qfbkb rk^ fkqbobp^kqbfkqbomobq^`fŽkdblj‹qof`^- K^ cfdr,o^ 02-5 jrbpqo^ rk m^o^ibibmŒmbalabqbojfk^al mlo qobpsb`qlobp dblj‹qof`lp =)>) b kl pfqr^alp bk bi jfpjl mi^kl- Rr ^iqro^ bp 0GA00 `lp 0=+ pfbkal 0= bi Škdrilnrb cloj^k = W > X a- Dk bpq^ cfdro^+`lp 0= bp mlpfqfsl mlonrb N 99::0= ; 6S-Di Šob^ abi m^o^ibildo^jl nrb cloj^ i^ _^pb bp GG?W 700- v ‹pq^ bp q^j_f‹k bi
4.. >kgd^\^dji`n _`g ƒgb`]m\ q`^ojmd\g\ g\ b`jh`om…\ \i\g…od^\
Šob^ ab `^a^ pb``fŽk m^o^ibi^ ^ i^ _^pb- Hkqbdo^kal bi Šob^ pb``fŽk bkqob N vGGAhGlp `k* bk`lkqo^jlp nrb bi slirjbk abi m^o^ibibmŒmbalbpEE= u >EE '00AGGlp `k'*bi Šob^ ab i^ _^pb jriqfmif`^a^ mlo i^ ^iqro^- Obol qbkbjlp
GG?u @GG'GGAGG`lp`bm(< %=u >&$ B-
Cf`el ab lqol jlal+ bi molar`ql jfuql = W > +B bp fdr^i ^i slirjbk abi m^o^ib,ibmŒmbalabqbojfk^al mlo >* O* B- Br^kal f6S ; `k x 6S+ `lp `k bp kbd^qfsl v bimolar`ql = W >$ B bp bi s^ilo lmrbpql ^i abi slirjbk- Rf =) >) b bpqŠkbk rkmi^kl nrb m^p^mlo bi lofdbk+ plk ifkb^ijbkqb abmbkafbkqbpv pr molar`ql jfuqlbp kril- Dk bpqb`^pl+ bi m^o^ibibmŒmbalabdbkbo^ v qfbkb slirjbk `bol-
>s?`
@iqro^ < 00B00 `lp &!
EHFTQ@ 02-5 Fio`mkm`o\^d‡ib`jh„omd^\ _`g kmj_p^oj hdsoj ^jhj qjgph`i_` pi k\m\g`g`k…k`_j,
Dpq^ fkqbomobq^`fŽkdblj‹qof`^ abi molar`ql jfuql prdfbob `fboq^p molmfba^,abp ^idb_o^f`^p abi jfpjl- Olo bgbjmil+ rk^ mbojrq^`fŽk `Œ`if`^ ab ilp qobpsb`,qlobp =) >) b abg^ bi molar`ql jfuql fks^of^_ib- Blk bpql nrbobjlp fkaf`^o nrb
'02-8( >s?%@;?s@%>;@s>%?
Tk^ abjlpqo^`fŽk ^idb_o^f`^ ab bp^ molmfba^a pb mrbab sbo bk bi bgbo`f`fl 6 abi^ pb``fŽk 02-03- Dpq^molmfba^a fjmif`^ nrb bi mrkql v bi ^pm^plk fkqbo`^j_f^,_ibp bk rk molar`ql qofmib-Dk bcb`ql+ i^ `lkjrq^qfsfa^a abi molar`ql bp`^i^ofjmif`^ %>W ?&{ = < = +%>W B( v `r^kal bpql pb `lj_fk^ `lk i^ mofjbo^fdr^ia^a ab '02-8(+ bk`lkqo^jlp nrb
'02-0/( >s?}@;>}?s@,
Di molar`ql qofmib= +> W b ^ jbkral pb fkaf`^ `lk bi pŒj_lil W=>_Y pfk fkaf,`^o bi mrkql kf bi ^pm^-Cb_fal ^ i^ fdr^ia^a '02-0/(+ kl e^v ^j_fd•ba^a `lk
O`bg\ _` @m\h`m k\m\ m`njgq`m pi ndno`h\ _` om`n`^p\^dji`n gdi`\g`n 4./
bpq^ klq^`fŽk+ bi molar`ql abmbkab q^k pŽil abi loabk ab ilp c^`qlobp =) >) Bv kl ab i^p mlpf`flkbp abi mrkql v abi ^pm^-
02-02 Qbdi^ ab Bo^jbo m^o^obplisbo rk pfpqbj^ ab qobpb`r^`flkbp ifkb^ibp
Di molar`ql jfuql mrbab rqfifw^opb m^o^ obplisbo rk pfpqbj^ ab qobp b`r^`fl,kbp ifkb^ibp `lk qobp fk`Ždkfq^p s* v+ w- Rrmlkd^jlp nrb bi pfpqbj^ bpqŠ bp`ofqlbk i^ cloj^
'@-h (
\\s * c\V * B^Y < _\ ,
Rb^ = bi sb`qlo ab `ljmlkbkqbp \* *\0 * \n u abcfk^jlp abi jfpjl jlal >) B+ u @+Dkqlk`bp i^p qobp b`r^`flkbp '02-00( plk bnrfs^ibkqbp ^ i^ •kf`^ b`r^`fŽk sb`,qlof^i
'02-01( s> * s> * wB< A,
Rf jriqfmif`^jlp bp`^i^ojbkqb ilp alp jfbj_olp ab bpq^ b`r^`fŽk mlo ? W B+ ml,mlkfbkal X>?@Z bk ird^o ab > , ? V B+ bk`lkqo^jlp nrb
rW=>?Y * sW>>?Y * tW?>?Y < W@>?Y+
Orbpql nrb X??@Z < X@?@Z< N+ilp `lbcf`fbkqbp ab v v ab w abp^m^ob`bk v l_,qbkbjlp
'02-02( W@>?YT:**
W=>?Ypf W=>?Y <:… N-
Cbi jfpjl jlal iibd^jlp ^ cŽojri^p ^kŠild^p m^o^ v v w- @pŒmrbp qbkbjlp
'02903( W=@?Y
s < W=>?Yu
W=>@YV:**
W=>?Ypf W=>?Y <:… M -
K^ `lkaf`fŽk X>?@Z ;/; N pfdkfcf`^ nrb ilp qobp sb`qlobp >* ?* B plk ifkb^ijbkqbfkabmbkafbkqbp- Dk bpqb `^pl+ '02-01( jrbpqo^ nrb qlal sb`qlo @ bk bi bpm^`flqofafjbkpflk^i bpqŠ dbkbo^al mlo =) >) B v ilp jriqfmif`^alobp s* v+ w bpqŠk abqbo,jfk^alp `lk rkf`fa^a mlo i^p &cŽojri^p '02-02( u '02-03(- Br^kal ilp molar`qlp
5/1 >kgd^\^dji`n _`g ƒgb`]m\ q`^ojmd\g \ g\ b`jh`om…\ \i\g…od^\
jfuqlp nrb ^m^ob`bk bk bp^p cŽojri^p pb mlkbk `ljl abqbojfk^kqbp+bi obpriq^alpb `lkl`b `lk bi klj_ob ab m`bg\ _` @m\h`m m^o^ i^ obplir`fŽk abi pfpqbj^'02-00(9
B8 @G 78 ?G B8 78 \g @G B8
J, ], ^,F \, J, `+ \, ]0 J,
B? @? 7? ?? B? 7? ?? @? B?s; t; P5?G ^G 78 ?G @G 78 \g @G 78
H, ], 7+ H, ], 7+ H, ], 7+
?? @? 7? ?? @? 7? ?? @? 7?
Rf X>?@Z < N+bkqlk`bp >* ?* B bpqŠkbk rk mi^kl nrb m^p^ mlo bi lofdbkv bi pfpqbj^ kl qfbkb plir`fŽk ^ jbklp nrb @ bpq‹ bk af`el mi^kl- Dk bcb`ql+ilpsb`qlobp >* ?* B plk ifkb^ijbkqb abmbkafbkqbp+ab prboqb nrb bufpqbk bp`^i^obpp* q* t kl qlalp krilp q^ibpnrb p> * q? * tB :-) Rf i^ qbok^ &s*v+ w( p^qfp,c^`b '02-01(+ il jfpjl l`roob `lk i^ qbok^%r * no) v * np) w* nq& m^o^qlal o*v^ nrb qbkbjlp
&s * op'> * &t * oq'? * 'w * or'@;
; s> * t? * u@ * o&p>* q? * r@' < s> * t? * u@,
)+&), :WR_PVPV\`
0- B^i`ri^o bi molar`ql jfuql = +> W b bk `^a^ `^pl-
'^( = < '2+ N+N(+ > < 'N+ 3+ N(+ b < 'N+ N+7(-'_( > < '1+2+,0(+ ? < '2+ ,6+4(+ b < '0+ ,4+1(-
'b( > < '1+0+2(+ ? < ',2+ N+5(+ b < '3+4+,0(-
1- G^ii^o qlalp ilp k•jbolp ob^ibp o m^o^ ilp nrb ilp qobpsb`qlobp M+o, 0(+'p+0+N(+'N+ 0+p(plk ifkb^ijbkqb abmbkafbkqbp-
2- B^i`ri^o bi slirjbk abi m^o^ibibmŒmbalabqbojfk^al mlo ilp sb`qlobp d* d)d * e) e * d,3- Cbjlpqo^o nrb = W > << =$ %> u c&c* = +%>u d&d* = +%>u e&e+
4- Cbjlpqo^o nrb c u %= u c&* g u %= u g( * e u %= u e& < /=+
5- ^( G^ii^o qlalp ilp sb`qlobp \d * ]e * ^f nrb p^qfpc^d^k i^ obi^`fŽk
%[c* ]e * ]e& +e t %3c* 2g * 1e& < 2 -
_( G^ii^o bi sb`qlo \d * ]e * ^f ab jbklo ilkdfqra nrb p^qfpc^d^i^ obi^`fŽk ab ^(-
Be`m^d^djn 5/2
6- G^`bo rpl ab i^p molmfba^abp ^idb_o^f`^p+ ab ilp molar`qlp bp`^i^o v sb`qlof^i+ m^o^ ab,jlpqo^o i^p pfdrfbkqbp molmfba^abp abi molar`ql jfuql
]( %=* >& +%=* >& t B < N-_( ={ > W B < *>{ = W B- Dpql abjrbpqo^ nrb ^i fksboqfo i^ mlpf`fŽk ab ilp alp mof,jbolp sb`qlobp `^j_f^ bi pfdkl-
XFi_d^\^d‡i8 Tqfifw^o i^ m^oqb ^( v i^p ibvbp afpqof_rqfs^p-\b( ={ > W B < *={ B W >+ Dpql abjrbpqo^ nrb i^ mbojrq^`fŽk ab ilp sb`qlobp pbdrk,al v qbo`bol `^j_f^ bi pfdkl- XFi_d^\^d‡i8 Tqfifw^o i^ pfjbqoŒ^ ^iqbok^a^-\a( ={ > W B < *?$ > W =+ Dpql abjrbpqo^ nrb i^ mbojrq^`fŽk ab ilp sb`qlobp mof,jbol u qbo`bol `^j_f^ bi pfdkl- XFi_d^\^d‡i8 Tqfifw^o _( u `(-\
Hdr^i^kal ilp pbdrkalp jfbj_olp ab _(+ b(+ v a(+ bk`lkqo^jlp nrb
=$>r?:>$?r=:]*= r>)
il nrb abjrbpqo^ nrb rk^ mbojrq^`fŽk `Œ`if`^ ab =) >) B abg^ fks^of^_ib bi molar`qljfuql-
8- Dpqb bgbo`f`fl bp_lw^ rk^ abjlpqo^`fŽk ab i^ fabkqfa^a sb`qlof^i
'02-04( = u %> V B( < %?$=&> * %>$=&? †
nrb ^idrk^p sb`bp pb ii^j^ cŽojri^ ~`^_ jbklp _^`‚- Rb^k > < %\Y) \0* \\'*B < '`-+ ^0% `^i+ abjlpqo^o nrb
eu &? u B( < ^,? + ],@*
Dpql abjrbpqo^ '02-04( bk bi `^pl m^oqf`ri^o = < f- Cbjlpqo^o i^p cŽojri^p `loobpmlkafbkqbp m^o^ > < f v > ;f* v `lj_fk^oi^p irbdl m^o^ l_qbkbo '02-04(-
0/- Tqfifw^o i^ cŽojri^ ~`^_ jbklp _^`‚ abi bgbo`f`fl 8 m^o^ abar`fo i^p pfdrfbkqbp fabkqf,a^abp sb`qlof^ibp-
B^( ?= u >& u BB u @&< B@ u >$ @&? * ?= u >$ ?&@+'_( = u ?> u B( * > u 'B u =& * B u ?= u >& < N-'b( = u %> u B( < %= u >& u B pf v p50/ pf > u BB u =& < N-'a( %= u >& +'B u @&< %>$@&%=+B( , %>$?&%=+@&+
00- Br^qol sb`qlobp =) >) B+ @ ab U^ p^qfpc^`bk i^p obi^`flkbp = WB& > < 4+ = W @{ > < 2+B * @ < e* 1g* e) B , @ < e, e+ B^i`ri^o %=W >& W 'B W @&bk crk`fŽk bk c)d*e+
01- Cbjlpqo^o nrb %= * >& +%> W B( W 'B W =& < %={ > W ?&/+02- Cbjlpqo^o pf bp l kl `fboq^ i^ cŽojri^ = W W= W %= W >&Y +B < , GG?G01= +> W B-03- ^( Cbjlpqo^o nrb bi slirjbk abi qbqo^baol `rvlp s‹oqf`bp plk >* ?* B+ A bp
qE%>* =& +'A , =& t %@* =&W+
_( B^i`ri^o af`el slirjbk `r^kal = < '0+ 0+ 0(+ > < 'N+ /+ 1(+ B < 'N+ 2+ N(+ XA < '3+ /+ N(-
04- ^( Rf > !! B+ abjlpqo^o nrb i^ afpq^k`f^ abpab = ^ i^ ob`q^ nrb m^p^ mlo > v B bp
EE%=* >& t 'A , >&EE,EE>* AGG-
_( B^i`ri^o bp^ afpq^k`f^ `r^kal = < '0+ ,1- ,4(+ > < ',0+0+0( v B < '3+ 4+0(-
4.2 >kgd^\^dji`n _`g ƒgb`]m\ q`^ojmd\g\ g\ b`jh`om…\ \i\g…od^\
05- K^ cŽojri^ ab Gbolk m^o^ `^i`ri^o bi Šob^ R ab rk qofŠkdril `rvlp i^alp qfbkbk ilk,
dfqrabp \* ]* ` bpR < tn&n + \'&n + ]'&n + `'* pfbkal n < &\ * ] * ^'-0, Dpqb bgbj,
mil bp_lw^ rk^ abjlpqo^`fŽk sb`qlof^i ab bp^ cŽojri^-Rrmlkd^jlp nrb bi qofŠkdril qfbkb ilp s‹oqf`bp bk /+ = X >) pfbkal GG?GG< \*
GG@GG< \) GG@, ?GG< ^,^( Blj_fk^o i^p alp fabkqfa^abp
+0> , ? < GG?, @G01, GG?G01
, GG@G01
m^o^ l_qbkbo i^ cŽojri^
_( Olkbo i^ cŽojri^ ab i^ m^oqb ^( bk i^ cloj^
Q1 < g%+4&\* ] * ^'&\ * ] + ^'&^ + \ * ]'&^ * \ + ]' *
v ab ^eŒabar`fo i^ cŽojri^ ab Gbolk-
Qbplisbo jbaf^kqb i^ obdi^ ab Bo^jbo bi pfpqbj^ ab b`r^`flkbp bk `^a^ rkl abilp bgbo`f`flp 06+ 07 X 08-
/5,s)0t)1u;3* 0s+t)2u;gg* +t)u;1,/6, s * t * 0u < 3+ 1s + t + u < 1+ 0s * 3t * 1u < 2-.6+ s * t < R+ s * u < 1+ U * u < 4-
1/- Rf L < '0+ 0+ 0( X = < '1+ 0+ ,0(+ abjlpqo^o nrb `^a^ mrkql %r) v+ t& ab i^ ob`q^uL * o>g p^qfpc^`b bi pfpqbj^ ab b`r^`flkbp ifkb^ibp s + v * u < 0+ s * v * 2w < 4+0r * v * 6w < 00-
)+&)- HRPa\_R[\_ZNYR`N ]YN[\`
Dk i^ pb``fŽk 02-5 pb abcfkfŽ bi mi^kl `ljl rk `lkgrkql ab i^ cloj^vM * n> * o?w* alkab > v ? plk sb`qlobp ifkb^ijbkqb fkabmbkafbkqbp-@elo^abjlpqo^jlp nrb ilp mi^klp bk Uc mrbabk `lkpfabo^opb ab jlal `ljmibq^jbkqbafpqfkql+`lk bi `lk`bmql ab sb`qlo kloj^i-
CDEHMHBHˆM- P`\ K < vM * n> * o?w `g kg\ij lp` k\n\ kjm M u b`i`m\_jkjm > v ?, Ri q`^ojm K _` U^ `n k`mk`i_d^pg\m \ J*nd `n k`mk`i_d^pg\m \ g\ q`u\ > v \ ?, Pd*\_`hƒn* K `n ij ipgj* `ioji^`n K n` gg\h\ q`^ojm ijmh\g \g kg\ij,
Kjo\8 Rf K} > < K , ? < N+ bkqlk`bp K} &n>* o?' < N+ ab jlal nrb rk sb`qlombombkaf`ri^o ^ i^ sbw ^ = v ^ > bp mbombkaf`ri^o ^ `r^inrfbo sb`qlo ab i^ bkslisbkqbifkb^i ab > v ?, @pfjfpjl+ pf K bp kloj^i ^ rk mi^kl- q^j_f‹k il bp oK m^o^ qlal s^iloob^i o Š,Šl-
S`^ojm`n ijmh\g`n \ kg\ijn 5/4
RCMPCK? 02-04- A\_j pi kg\ij L < vk * n> * o?w lp` k\n\ kjm M tb`i`m\_j kjm > t ?, P`\ K < > W ?, Q`i`hjn `ioji^`n8
^( K `n pi q`^ojm ijmh\g \ K-_( L `n `g ^jiepioj _` oj_jn gjn q`^ojm`n W _` S 2 lp` n\odna\^`i g\ `^p\^d‡i
'02-05( &U + M'} K < N-
A`hjnom\^d‡i, Orbpql nrb L bp rk mi^kl+ > v ? plk ifkb^ijbkqb fkabmbk,afbkqbp+ ^pŒnrb = W > :.: N- Dpql abjrbpqo^ ^( v^ nrb = W > bp loqldlk^i ^ i^sbw ^ = v ^ >+
O^o^ abjlpqo^o _(+ pb^ L& bi `lkgrkql ab qlalp ilp sb`qlobp W ab S1 nrb p^,qfpc^`bk i^ b`r^`fŽk '02-05(- Rf W C L+ W , L bp i^ bkslisbkqb ifkb^i ab = v >)^pŒnrb W , L bp loqldlk^i ^ J+ Olo `lkpfdrfbkqb W C L& 0/ nrb abjrbpqo^ nrbL ;9: I$+ Qb`Œmol`^jbkqb+ prmlkd^jlp W D I$+ Dkqlk`bp W p^qfpc^`b '02-05(-Orbpql nrb =) >) J plk ifkb^ijbkqb fkabmbkafbkqbp 'qblobj^ 02-02(+ dbkbo^k`r^inrfbo sb`qlo ab S 2 `lk 0/ nrb+ bk m^oqf`ri^o+ qbkbjlp
U + M < n> * o? * pK
m^o^ `fboqlp bp`^i^obp p+o*p, Eloj^kal bi molar`ql bp`^i^o ab `^a^ jfbj_ol mloK* bk`lkqo^jlp p < N+ ^pŒnrb W , M < n> * o?, Dpql abjrbpqo^ nrb W C L-Krbdl+ L& ;9: L+ 0/ nrb `ljmibq^ i^ abjlpqo^`fŽk ab _(-
Di pfdkfcf`^al dblj‹qof`l abi qblobj^ 02-04 pb jrbpqo^ bk i^ cfdro^ 02-6-Klp mrkqlp L v W bpqŠk bk bi mi^kl v bi sb`qlo kloj^i J bp loqldlk^i ^ T*L+Dp^ cfdro^ prdfbob bi qblobj^ pfdrfbkqb
RCMPCK? 02-05- A\_jn pi kg\ij L lp` k\n\ kjm pi kpioj M t pi q`^ojmij ipgj K ijmh\g \ K+ n`\
'02-06(^ < GN&JE+
GGLGG
Bioji^`n oj_j V `i K od`i` gjibdop_ GGVGGƒ _, >_`hƒn* o`i`hjn GzVGG< _ pf tn‡gj pf W `n g\ kmjt`^^d‡i _` M nj]m` K8
u < oK*L$J
_ji_` n < ,,-J$J
A`hjnom\^d‡i, K^ abjlpqo^`fŽk pb abar`b ab i^ abpfdr^ia^a ab B^r`ev,R`et^ow pfdrfbkal bi jfpjl j‹qlal nrb bk bi qblobj^ 02-5+ ^i l_qbkbo bi obpri,q^al ^kŠildl m^o^ i^p ob`q^p bk S0Š
4.4 >kgd^\^dji`n _`g ƒgb`]m\ q`^ojmd\g \ g\ b`jh`om…\ \i\g…od^\
Blk bi jfpjl o^wlk^jfbkql bk`lkqo^jlp nrb pf O bp rk mrkql kl pfqr^albk L+ bkqlk`bp bkqob qlalp ilp mrkqlp V bk L i^ jbklo ilkdfqra GGV, OGGqfbkbird^o `r^kal W , O bp i^ molvb``fŽk ab L * O pl_ob J+ Dpq^ ilkdfqra jŒkfj^bp E%L* M&$JE,EEJfE v pb ii^j^ i^ _dno\i^d\ _`n_` P \g kg\ij, Di k•jbol _ ab'02-06( bp i^ afpq^k`f^ abpab bi lofdbk ^i mi^kl-
02-05 D`r^`flkbp ifkb^ibp `^oqbpf^k^p m^o^ mi^klp
Klp obpriq^alp ab ilp qblobj^p 02-04 v 02-05 q^j_f‹k mrbabk bumobp^opb bkcrk`fŽk ab ilp `ljmlkbkqbp- Rf bp`of_fjlp J < %[) \) _&) L < &Ug%XH+Yi(+ XW < %T) v+t&) i^ b`r^`fŽk 02-05 qlj^ i^ cloj^
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Dpq^ bp i^ b`r^`fŽk `^oqbpf^k^ abi mi^kl v pŽil pb p^qfpc^`b m^o^ ^nrbiilp mrkqlp'u+ v+ w( nrb bpqŠk bk bi mi^kl- Di `lkgrkql ab mrkqlp nrb p^qfpc^`bk '02-07( klpb ^iqbo^ pf jriqfmif`^jlp `^a^ `lbcf`fbkqb \* \) ` mlo rk bp`^i^o kl kril o, Dpqlbnrfs^ib q^k pŽil ^ rk^ bib``fŽk afpqfkq^ ab sb`qlo kloj^i bk '02-05(-
So^kpmlkfbkal ilp q‹ojfklp nrb kl abmbkabk ab s* v+ v w pb l_qfbkb
%.0+.6& \s * \s * ^u < `h+
pfbkal _* < \UF * ]VF * ?VF, Rb af`b nrb rk^ b`r^`fŽk ab bpqb qfml bp gdi`\g bkr)s)V+ @`^_^jlp ab abjlpqo^o nrb qlal mrkql %r)s)t& ab rk mi^kl p^qfpc^`b rk^b`r^`fŽk ifkb^i `^oqbpf^k^ '02-08( bk i^ nrb \* \) ? kl plk qlalp krilp- Qb`Œmol`^,jbkqb+ qla^ b`r^`fŽk ifkb^i `lk bp^ molmfba^a+ obmobpbkq^ rk mi^kl- 'Di ib`qlomrbab `ljmol_^oil `ljl bgbo`f`fl-(
Di k•jbol aH ab i^ b`r^`fŽk '02-08( lofdfk^ rk^ pbk`fii^ obi^`fŽk m^o^ i^afpq^k`f^ ^ abi mi^kl ^i lofdbk- Orbpql nrb `G:j+ J) qbkbjlp G`hh< GN&LG<`GGLGG-Dk m^oqf`ri^o HaHH< _ pf i^ kloj^i K qfbkb ilkdfqra 0- Di mi^kl m^p^ mlo bi lof,dbk pf u pŽil pf ^E < N-
DIDLOKN- K^ b`r^`fŽk `^oqbpf^k^ 0s * 5v * 1u < 5 obmobpbkq^ rk mi^kl`lk sb`qlo kloj^i K < 1: * 5g* 1f, Dp`of_^jlp i^ b`r^`fŽk `^oqbpf^k^ bk i^cloj^
[ s ]'%'%'5*201
bk i^ nrb pb mlkb ab j^kfcfbpql nrb bi mi^kl `loq^ ^ ilp bgbp `lloabk^alp bk ilpmrkqlp '2+ N+N(+ 'N+ 0+ N(+X 'N+ N+1(- Klp k•jbolp 2+ 0+ 1 pb ii^j^k+ obpmb`qfs^,jbkqb+ ilp n`bh`iojn dio`m^`ko\_jn bk ilp bgbp mlo bi mi^kl- Di `lkl`fjfbkql abbplp pbdjbkqlp mbojfqb obmobpbkq^obi mi^kl oŠmfa^jbkqb- Dk i^ cfdro^ 02-7 pbjrbpqo^ rk^ mlo`fŽk abi mi^kl+ Rr afpq^k`f^ _ ^i lofdbk bp _ < 5.GGLGG< 5.6-
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EHFTQ@ 02-6 Mg\ij lp` k\n\ kjm M u U^ji q`^ojm ijmh\g K,
EHFTQ@ 02-7 Mg\ij lp` dio`m^`ko\n`bh`ioj 2+ 0+1-
Clp mi^klp m^o^ibilpqfbkbkrk^ kloj^i J `lj•k- Rf J < %[) \) _&) i^p b`r^,`flkbp `^oqbpf^k^pab alp mi^klp m^o^ibilp mrbabk bp`of_fopb^pŒ9
\s * \s * ^u < ^g * \s * \s * ^u < ^0 *
afcbobk`fŠkalpb q^k pŽil bk ilp pbdrkalp jfbj_olp- Di k•jbol E^g + _0.,EEJEE pbii^j^ afpq^k`f^ bkqobilp alp mi^klp+abcfkf`fŽk prdbofa^ mlo bi qblobj^ 02-05-
Clp mi^klp pb ii^j^k mbombkaf`ri^obppf rk^ kloj^i ^ rkl bp mbombkaf`ri^o^ rk^ kloj^i ^i lqol- N jŠp dbkbo^i+pf i^p kloj^ibp ^ alp mi^klp cloj^k rkŠkdril %F)ab`fjlp nrb %Fbp bi Škdril nrb cloj^k ilp alp mi^klp-
)+&)/ :WR_PVPV\`
0- C^alp ilp sb`qlobp @ < 1: * 1e+ 2f X ? < f * f,^( G^ii^o rk sb`qlo kl kril J mbombkaf`ri^o ^ i^ sbw ^ = v ^ >+_( C^o i^ b`r^`fŽk `^oqbpf^k^ abi mi^kl nrb m^p^ mlo bi lofdbk v bpqŠ dbkbo^al mlo
@ v >+b( C^o i^ b`r^`fŽk `^oqbpf^k^ abi mi^kl nrb m^p^ mlo N+ 1+ 2( X bpqŠ dbkbo^a^ mlo
? v >+1- Tk mi^kl qfbkb `ljl b`r^`fŽk `^oqbpf^k^ s * 0t + 0u * 6 < N- G^ii^o9
^( rk sb`qlo kloj^i ab ilkdfqra rkfa^a:_( ilp pbdjbkqlp fkqbo`bmq^alp mlo bi mi^kl bk ilp bgbp:b( i^ afpq^k`f^ abi mi^kl ^i lofdbk:a( bi mrkql P abi mi^kl jŠp moŽufjl ^i lofdbk-
2- G^ii^o i^ b`r^`fŽk `^oqbpf^k^ abi mi^kl nrb m^p^ mlo N+ 1+ ,2( X bp m^o^ibil ^i mi^kl1s + v * 0u < 3- ƒBrŠi bp i^ afpq^k`f^ bkqob ilp alp mi^klp>
4.6 >kgd^\^dji`n+_`g ƒgb`]m\ q`^ojmd\g\ g\ b`jh`om…\ \i\g…od^\
3- Br^qol mi^klp qfbkbk b`r^`flkbp `^oqbpf^k^p r * 1v , 1w < 4+ 0r * 5v * 2w< 1+/r * v * 1w < ,0+ X r * 1v * w < 6-^( Cbjlpqo^o nrb alp ab biilp plk m^o^ibilp v ilp lqolp alp plk mbombkaf`ri^obp-_( G^ii^o i^ afpq^k`f^ bkqob ilp alp mi^klp m^o^ibilp-
4- Klp qobp mrkqlp '0+ 0+ ,0(+ '2+ 2+ 1(+ X '2+ ,0+ ,1( abqbojfk^k rk mi^kl- G^ii^o ^( rksb`qlo kloj^i ^i mi^kl: _( rk^ b`r^`fŽk `^oqbpf^k^ abi mi^kl: `( i^ afpq^k`f^ abi mi^kl^i lofdbk-
5- G^ii^o rk^ b`r^`fŽk `^oqbpf^k^ abi mi^kl abqbojfk^al mlo '0+ 1+ 2(+ '1+ 2+ 3(+ X',0+ 6+,1(-
6- Cbqbojfk^o bi Škdril cloj^al mlo ilp mi^klp s * u < 0 b u * w < 1-7- Tk^ ob`q^ m^o^ibi^ ^ rk sb`qlo kl kril J pb abkljfk^ mbombkaf`ri^o ^i mi^kl L pf J
bp kloj^i ^ L- G^ii^o i^ b`r^`fŽk `^oqbpf^k^ abi mi^kl nrb m^p^ mlo '1+ 2+ ,6(+ p^l_fbkal nrb i^ ob`q^ nrb m^p^ mlo '0+ 1+ 2( X '1+ 3+ 01( bp mbombkaf`ri^o ^ af`el mi^kl-
8- G^ii^o i^ b`r^`fŽk sb`qlof^i m^o^j‹qof`^ ab i^ ob`q^ nrb `lkqfbkb bi mrkql '1+ 0+ ,2(X bp mbombkaf`ri^o ^i mi^kl 2s + 2v * w < 4-
0/- Tk mrkql pb abpmi^w^ bk bi bpm^`fl ab jlal nrb bk bi fkpq^kqb o pr mlpf`fŽk sfbkba^a^ mlo bi sb`qlo TQ& < '0 , n&x* '1 , 0n&d* %/n* .&e+^( Cbjlpqo^o nrb bi mrkql pb jrbsb ^ 0/ i^odl ab rk^ ob`q^- 'K0^j‹jlpi^ H+&_( G^ii^o rk sb`qlo K m^o^ibil ^ I,b( ƒDk nr‹ fkpq^kqb bi mrkql ql`^ bi mi^kl 0s * 2u * 1w * 0 < N>a( G^ii^o i^ b`r^`fŽk `^oqbpf^k^ abi mi^kl m^o^ibil ^i ab i^ m^oqb `( v nrb `lkqbkd^bi mrkql T%0&+b( G^ii^o i^ b`r^`fŽk `^oqbpf^k^ abi mi^kl mbombkaf`ri^o ^ H -nrb `lkqbkd^ bi mrkqlT%/&+
00- G^ii^o i^ b`r^`fŽk `^oqbpf^k^ abi mi^kl nrb m^p^ mlo '0+ 0+ 0( pf rk sb`qlo kloj^i Kcloj^ ilp Škdrilp /Q* d/Q* 6S+ `lk c)g+e) obpmb`qfs^jbkqb-
01- B^i`ri^o bi slirjbk abi qbqo^baol `rvlp s‹oqf`bp plk bi lofdbk v ilp mrkqlp bk ilp nrbilp bgbp `lloabk^alp `loq^k bi mi^kl s * 1u * 2w < 5-
02- G^ii^o rk sb`qlo > ab ilkdfqra 0 mbombkaf`ri^o ^ {* 1g, 1f X m^o^ibil ^i mi^kls + v * 4w < 0-
03- G^ii^o i^ b`r^`fŽk `^oqbpf^k^ abi mi^kl m^o^ibil ^ ilp alp sb`qlobp {* f v f * f v nrb`loq^ bi bgb s bk '1+ N+N(-
04- G^ii^o qlalp ilp mrkqlp pfqr^alp bk i^ fkqbopb``fŽk ab ilp qobp mi^klp 0r * v * w < 4+0r * v * 4w < 6+ r * v * 0t < 2-
05- Cbjlpqo^o nrb qobp mi^klp `rv^p kloj^ibp plk ifkb^ijbkqb fkabmbkafbkqbp qfbkbk rkplil mrkql `lj•k-
06- Tk^ ob`q^ `lk sb`qlo ab afob``fŽk > bp m^o^ibi^ ^ rk mi^kl L pf > bp m^o^ibil ^ L-Tk^ ob`q^ nrb `lkqfbkb '0+ 1+ 2( bp m^o^ibi^ ^ `^a^ rkl ab ilp mi^klp s * 1v * 2w < 3+/r * 2u * 3w < 4- G^ii^o i^ b`r^`fŽk sb`qlof^i m^o^j‹qof`^ ab bp^ ob`q^-
07- C^a^ rk^ ob`q^ H kl m^o^ibi^ ^i mi^kl L+ abjlpqo^o nrb i^ fkqbopb``fŽk H j L `lk,qfbkb pŽil rk mrkql-
08- ^( Cbjlpqo^o nrb i^ afpq^k`f^ abpab bi mrkql %ri$ Xl+ wl( ^i mi^kl [r * ]t * ]t * _ < N-bp
g\sj * ]tj * ]Vj * `e%[0 * ]0 * @0'/-0
_( G^ii^o bi mrkql M abi mi^kl 3s + .1s * 1w * 8 < N nrb bpq‹ jŠp moŽufjl ^i mrk,ql M:%*/) 04+,6(+
1/- G^ii^o i^ b`r^`fŽk `^oqbpf^k^ abi mi^kl m^o^ibil ^i /r * X * 1w * 3 < N pf bi mrkql'2+ 1+ ,0( bnrfafpq^ ab ^j_lp-
I\n n`^^dji`n ^‡id^\n /)2
10- ^( Rf ilp mrkqlp =) >) B abqbojfk^k rk mi^kl+ abjlpqo^o nrb i^ afpq^k`f^ abpab rkmrkql P ^ af`el mi^kl bp H'P *=&{ %> * =& W 'B , =&f,EE%>* =& W 'B , ?(GG•_( B^i`ri^o bp^ afpq^k`f^ pf P < N+ /+ N(+ = < 'N+ I+ 0(+ > < N+ ,I+ 0( X B < '1+ 2+ 3(-
11- Cbjlpqo^o nrb pf alp mi^klp K v K&kl plk m^o^ibilp+ pr fkqbopb``fŽk K 'Z J% bp rk^ob`q^-
12- G^ii^o i^ b`r^`fŽk `^oqbpf^k^ abi mi^kl m^o^ibil ^ f v nrb m^p^ mlo i^ fkqbopb``fŽk abilp mi^klp `rv^p b`r^`flkbp plk r * 1v * 2w < 3 X /r * v * w< 1-
13- G^ii^o i^ b`r^`fŽk `^oqbpf^k^ abi mi^kl m^o^ibil ^i sb`qlo 0c * f * $/e pf `lkqfbkb qlalpilp mrkqlp ab i^ ob`q^ ab fkqbopb``fŽk ab ilp mi^klp&s * v < 2 X 1v * 2w < 3-
)+ &)0 ?N` `RPPV\[RPp[VPN`
Tk^ ob`q^ jŽsfi F nrb `loq^ ^ rk^ ob`q^ cfg^ = bk rk mrkql L) cloj^kal`lk bii^ rk Škdril `lkpq^kqb %F)pfbkal N ; %F; H6S+ bkdbkao^ rk^ prmbocf`fb bk bibpm^`fl qofafjbkpflk^i ii^j^a^ `lkl `fo`ri^o ob`ql- K^ ob`q^ F bp i^ b`i`m\omdu abi`lkl+ > bp bi `e`* u M pr q„mod^`,B^a^ rkl ab ilp `lklp af_rg^alp bk i^ cfdro^ 02-8qfbkb bi bgb sboqf`^i- K^p mlo`flkbp prmboflo b fkcboflo abi `lkl nrb pb rkbk bkbi s‹oqf`b pb ii^j^k cje\n abi `lkl --K^p `ros^p l_qbkfa^p `loq^kal bi `lkl `lk rkmi^kl nrb kl m^pb mlo bi s‹oqf`b pb ii^j^k n`^^dji`n ^‡id^\n* l pfjmibjbkqb ^‡id+^\n, Rf bi mi^kl pb`^kqb bp m^o^ibil ^ rk^ ob`q^ abi `lkl nrb m^pb mlo bi s‹oqf`b+i^ `Žkf`^ bp rk^ k\mƒ]jg\, Dk `r^inrfbo lqol `^pl i^ fkqbopb``fŽk pb ii^j^ `gdkn`
EHFTQ@ 02-8 I\n n`^^dji`n ^‡id^\n,
l cdk„m]jg\* pbd•k nrb bi mi^kl `loqb rk^ elg^ abi `lkl l i^p alp obpmb`qfs^jbkqb-'Ubo cfdro^ 02-8-( K^ efm‹o_li^ `lkpq^ ab alp ~o^j^p‚ rk^ bk `^a^ elg^ abi `lkl-
Lr`elp abp`r_ofjfbkqlp fjmloq^kqbp q^kql bk i^ L^qbjŠqf`^ mro^ `ljlbk i^ ^mif`^a^ e^k qbkfal obi^`fŽk `lk i^p pb```flkbp `Žkf`^p- Di bpqrafl mlo
4/. >kgd^\^dji`n _`g ƒgb`]m\ q`^ojmd\g \ g\ b`jh`om…\ \i\g…od^\
@mlilkfl ab i^p `Žkf`^p bk bi pfdil GGG^kqbpab I-B- crb rkl ab ilp qo^_^glpjŠpklq^_ibp ab i^ FbljbqoŒ^ `iŠpf`^ dofbd^-Tklp 1/// ^•lp jŠp q^oab+F^ifibl abp,`r_oŒ^nrb rk molvb`qfii^kw^al elofwlkq^ijbkqb abpab il ^iql ab rk^ qloob+ ^b ^i^ qfboo abp`of_fbkal rk^ qo^vb`qlof^m^o^_Žif`^ 'pf pb mobp`fkabab i^ obpfpqbk`f^abi ^fob v pb prmlkb nrb bi jlsfjfbkql qfbkb ird^o pl_ob rk^ m^oqbab i^ prmbo,cf`fb qboobpqobnrb pb prmlkb mi^k^(- Tkl ab ilp jljbkqlp `rj_obp ab i^ efp,qlof^ ab i^ @pqolkljŒ^ qfbkb ird^o ^iobabalo ab 05// `r^kal Jbmibo prdfbobnrb qlalp ilp mi^kbq^ppb jrbsbk bk Žo_fq^pbiŒmqf`^p-Tklp 7/ ^•lp jŠp q^oab+Mbtqlk abjlpqo^_^ nrb i^p Žo_fq^pmi^kbq^of^pbiŒmqf`^pfjmif`^k i^ ibv ab do^,sfq^`fŽk rkfsbop^i bk i^ nrb i^ crbow^ ab ^qo^``fŽk bp molmlo`flk^i ^i fksboplabi `r^ao^al ab i^ afpq^k`f^ bkqob ilp `rbomlp nrb pb ^qo^bk- K^ qbloŒ ab i^do^sfq^`fŽk rkfsbop^i clojri^a^ mlo Mbtqlk pb `lkpfabo^ ^idrk^p sb`bp `ljlbi j^vlo abp`r_ofjfbkql `fbkqŒcf`lnrb pb e^ ob^ifw^al- K^p pb``flkbp `Žkf`^p^m^ob`bk kl pŽil bk i^p Žo_fq^pab ilp mi^kbq^pv p^q‹ifqbp+pfkl q^j_f‹k `ljlqo^vb`qlof^pab m^oqŒ`ri^p qŽjf`^p bibjbkq^ibp- Dpqlp bgbjmilp v jr`elp lqolpjrbpqo^k i^ fjmloq^k`f^ ab i^ qbloŒ ab i^p pb``flkbp `Žkf`^p nrb afcŒ`fijbkqbbp bpqfj^a^ bk qla^ pr fjmloq^k`f^-
G^v lqo^p abcfkf`flkbp ab i^p pb``flkbp `Žkf`^p nrb plk bnrfs^ibkqbp- Dk rk^ab bii^p pb `lkpfabo^k rklp mrkqlp bpmb`f^ibpii^j^alp `i]im v bkqlk`bp i^ bifmpbpb mrbab abcfkfo`ljl bi ird^o ab qlalp ilp mrkqlp abi mi^kl `rv^ prj^ ab afpq^k,
GCfob`qofwGGG
^) * _0 < `lkpq^kqb'bifmpb(
G ) * ^0. < `lkpq^kqb'efm‹o_li^( ^) < _0
'm^oŠ_li^(
EHFTQ@ 02-0/ A`adid^dji`n aj^\g`n _` g\n n`^^dji`n ^‡id^\n,
`f^p aH X _0 ^ alp mrkqlp C* v E- '0lp cl`lp( bp `lkpq^kqb 's‹^pb cfd- 02-0/(-Rf ilp cl`lp `lfk`fabk i^ bifmpbpb obar`b ^ rk^ `fo`rkcbobk`f^- K^ efm‹o_li^ bpbi ird^o ab qlalp ilp mrkqlp m^o^ ilp `r^ibp H ^y * a10 bp `lkpq^kqb v i^ m^oŠ_li^bp bi ird^o ab qlalp ilp mrkqlp q^ibpnrb i^ afpq^k`f^ ^ rk mrkql cfgl E 'ii^j^albi cl`l( bp fdr^i ^ i^ afpq^k`f^ ^ rk^ m`^o\ cfg^ ii^j^a^ afob`qofw'nrb kl qfbkbkfkdrk^ obi^`fŽk `lk i^ afob`qofwab rk `fifkaol(-
I\n n`^^dji`n ^‡id^\n 500
Dpcbo^QG
El`l B+
EHFTQ@ 02-00 A`hjnom\^d‡i _` A\i_`gdi,
G^v rk o^wlk^jfbkql jrv pfjmib v bibd^kqb nrb morb_^ nrb i^ molmfba^acl`^i ab rk^ bifmpbbp `lkpb`rbk`f^ ab pr abcfkf`fŽk `ljl pb``fŽk ab rk `lkl-Dpq^abjlpqo^`fŽk crb abp`r_fboq^ bk 0711 mlo bi j^qbjŠqf`l _bid^ F- O- C^k,abifk '0683,0736( rqfifw^kal alp bpcbo^pnrb plk q^kdbkqbp^i `lkl v ^i mi^klpb`^kqb q^i `ljl pb fkaf`^ bk i^ cfdro^ 02-00- Dpq^pbpcbo^pplk q^kdbkqbp i `lkl^ 0/ i^odl ab alp m^o^ibilp B0 v ?0Š Rb abjlpqo^oŠ nrb ilp mrkqlp E0 v E1 &ab`lkq^`ql ab i^p bpcbo^p lk bi mi^kl plk mob`fp^jbkqb ilp cl`lp ab i^ bifmpb-
Rb^ M rk mrkql ^o_fqo^ofl ab i^ bifmpb-Di mol_ibj^ bpqŠ bk mol_^o nrb,* ,*
EELBY00 * GGND100 bp `lkpq^kqb+ bp ab`fo+ fkabmbkafbkqb ab i^ bib``fŽk ab L+ O^o^
4/0 >kgd^\^dji`n _`g ƒgb`]m\ q`^ojmd\g\ g\ b`jh`om…\ \i\g…od^\
biil pb af_rg^ bk bi `lkl i^ ob`q^ nrb s^ ab N ^ M v pb^k =f v =0 prp fkqbopb`,- ,* ,*
`flkbp `lk i^p `fo`rkcbobk`f^p BH v B1 obpmb`qfs^jbkqb- Dkqlk`bp LBE v L=E,* ,*
plk alp q^kdbkqbp^ 9RH abpab L v mlo q^kql E,LBfff < GGN?hhh-@kŠild^jbkqb,* ,*
EELB0.. < EEL=0.. v+ mlo q^kql+pb qfbkb9
,* ,* ,*
Obol EEL=ff. * E,L=0.. < GG?i?100+nrb+bpi^ afpq^k`f^ bkqobi^p alp `fo`rkcbobk`f^pB+ v B1 jbafa^ pl_ob i^ prmbocf`fbabi `lkl- Dpql abjrbpqo^ nrb EH v B0 plkilp cl`lp ab i^ bifmpb+ljl pb e^_Œ^prmrbpql-
Llafcf`^kal ifdbo^jbkqb bpq^ abjlpqo^`fŽk pb qfbkbk i^p `loobpmlkafbkqbpm^o^i^ efm‹o_li^ v i^ m^oŠ_li^- Dk bi `^pl ab i^ efm‹o_li^ pb e^ ab `lkpfabo^ork^ bpcbo^ bk `^a^ elg^ abi `lkl+ v m^o^ i^ m^oŠ_li^ rk^ bpcbo^ q^kdbkqb ^imi^kl pb`^kqb bk bi cl`l- Dpq^bpcbo^bp q^kdbkqb^i `lkl ^ il i^odl ab rk^ `fo,`rkcbobk`f^ pfqr^a^ bk rk mi^kl `rv^ fkqbopb``fŽk `lk bi mi^kl pb`^kqb bp i^afob`qofwab i^ m^oŠ_li^- Blk bpq^pfkaf`^`flkbp bi ib`qlo mrbab mol_^o nrb i^pmolmfba^abpcl`^ibp ab i^ efm‹o_li^ v i^ m^oŠ_li^ pb mrbabk abar`fo ab pr abcf,kf`fŽk `ljl pb``flkbp ab rk `lkl-
02-08 Du`bkqof`fa^aab i^p pb``flkbp `Žkf`^p
Nqo^molmfba^a`^o^`qboŒpqf`ab i^p pb``flkbp `Žkf`^p pb obcfbob rk `lk`bmqlii^j^al bu`bkqof`fa^a- Tk^ pb``fŽk `Žkf`^ mrbab abcfkfopb ljl rk^ `ros^ abp`ofq^mlo rk mrkql nrb pb jrbsb bk rk mi^kl ab j^kbo^ nrb i^ o^wŽkab prp afpq^k`f^p^ rk mrkql cfgl v ^ rk^ ob`q^ cfg^bp `lkpq^kqb- Dpq^ o^wŽk`lkpq^kqb pb ii^j^`s^`iomd^d_\_ ab i^ `ros^ v pb abpfdk^ mlo `, 'Ml ab_b `lkcrkafopb `lk bi k•jbol` ab Dribo-( K^ `ros^ bp rk^ `gdkn` pf N ; ` ; 0+ rk^ k\mƒ]jg\ pf ` < 0+ X rk^cdk„m]jg\ pf ` = 0- Di mrkql cfgl pb ii^j^ aj^j v i^ ob`q^ cfg^_dm`^omdu,
@almq^objlp bpq^ abcfkf`fŽk `ljl _^pb ab krbpqol bpqrafl ab i^p `Žkf`^pv^ nrb mbojfqb qo^q^opfjriqŠkb^jbkqb ilp qobpqfmlpab `Žkf`^p v c^slob`b bi rpl abilp j‹qlalp sb`qlof^ibp- Dk bpq^afpbkpfŽk pb pl_obkqfbkab nrb qlalp ilp mrkqlpv ob`q^pbpqŠkbk bi jfpjl mi^kl-
CDEHMHBHˆM- A\_jn pi\ m`^o\ I* pi kpioj C ij k`mo`i`^d`io` \ I* u piiˆh`mj kjndodqj `, A`ndbi`hjn ^ji _&U*I' g\ _dno\i^d\ _` pi kpioj V \ I, Bg^jiepioj _` oj_jn gjn W lp` n\odna\^`i g\ m`g\^d‡i
'02-1/( GGV, DGG< ` ^cT) H&
`n pi\ ^‡id^\ ^ji `s^`iomd^d_\_ `, I\ ^‡id^\ `n pi\ `gdkn` PF ` ; 0+pi\ k\mƒ]jg\nd` < 0+X pi\ cdk„m]jg\ nd` = 0-
Bs^`iomd^d_\_ _` g\n n`^^dji`n ^‡id^\n 502
Rf K bp rk sb`qlo kloj^i ^ I v M `r^inrfbo mrkql ab I i^ afpq^k`f^ _&U*I'ab `r^inrfbo mrkql W ^ H sfbkb a^a^ mlo i^ cŽojri^
^%T H& < E%T* L& +JE ++ GGLGG
Br^kal K qfbkb ilkdfqra 0+ bpq^ bumobpfŽkpb pfjmifcf`^ v nrba^ _&U*I' :<H'W , L&{ LG+X i^ b`r^`fŽk crka^jbkq^i '02-1/( ab i^p pb``flkbp `Žkf`^p pbqo^kpcloj^ bk
'02-10( 0GT * DGG< ` E%T* L& +JE+
K^ ob`q^ H pbm^o^bi mi^kl bk alp obdflkbp nrb ii^j^objlp ^o_fqo^of^jbkqb~mlpfqfs^‚ v ~kbd^qfs^‚ pbd•k i^ bib``fŽk ab K, Rf 'W , M' , K = N+ab`fjlp nrbW bpqŠbk bi pbjfmi^kl mlpfqfsl+ v pf 'W , M' , K ; N bk bi pbjf mi^kl kbd^qfsl-O^o^ ilp mrkqlp ab i^ ob`q^ I qbkbjlp 'W , M' , K < N-Dk i^ cfdro^ 02-01 i^ bib`,`fŽk abi sb`qlo kloj^i J fkaf`^ nrb ilp mrkqlp pfqr^alp ^ i^ abob`e^ ab H bpqŠkbk bi pbjf mi^kl mlpfqfsl v ilp ab i^ fwnrfboa^ bk bi kbd^qfsl-
Blilnrbjlp bi cl`l E bk bi pbjfmi^kl kbd^qfsl+ `ljl pb fkaf`^ bk i^ cfdr,o^ 02-01+v bifg^jlp M ab jlal nrb pb^ bi mrkql ab I jŠp moŽufjl ^ E- Dkqlk`bpL * D < ^J) pfbkal G`h< GGN, DGGi^ afpq^k`f^ abi cl`l ^ i^ afob`qofw-Orbpql nrb
HUsb`qlo rkfq^ofl++! kloj^i ^ H
GGV,DGG++.-.
-.-.
!!-. GEl`l C ŠŠ888 )& %%%%%% M < C * _K
w%T * B&+Jw^ * %T * B&{J
Cfob`qofwH
EHFTQ@ 02-01 Ri\ ^‡id^\ _` `s^`iomd^d_\_ ` `n `g ^jiepioj _` oj_jn gjn W lp` n\odna\^`iGGV, DGG< _f%T * B&+J * `e-
E bpqŠbk bi pbjfmi^kl kbd^qfsl+ qbkbjlp 'E , M' , K < , _ ; N+^pŒnrb _ bpmlpfqfsl- Rrpqfqrvbkal M mlo E * _K bk '02-10(+ l_qbkbjlp bi qblobj^ pfdrfbk,qb+nrb pb obmobpbkqbk i^ cfdro^ 02-01-
4/2 >kgd^\^dji`n _`g ƒgb`]m\ q`^ojmd\g\ g\ b`jh`om…\ \i\g…od^\
RCMPCK? 02-06- P`\ a pi\ ^‡id^\ ^ji `s^`iomd^d_\_ `* aj^j C*u _dm`^omduI \ pi\ _dno\i^d\ _ _` B+PdK `n pi q`^ojm pido\mdj ijmh\g \ I t ndC `noƒ `i `gn`hdkg\ij i`b\odqj _`o`mhdi\_j kjm K* `ioji^`n b `n `g ^jiepioj _` oj_jn gjnkpiojn U lp` n\odna\^`i g\ `^p\^d‡i
'02-11( 00T * DGG < ` E%T* B& +J * ^c +
02-1/ D`r^`flkbp mli^obp ab i^p `Žkf`^p
K^ b`r^`fŽk abi qblobj^ 02-06 mrbab pfjmifcf`^opb pf `lil`^jlp bi cl`l bkrk^ mlpf`fŽk bpmb`f^i-Olo bgbjmil+ pf bi cl`l bpqŠbk bi lofdbk i^ b`r^`fŽk pbqo^kpcloj^ bk
'02-12( GGVGG< ` ET$ J * ^c+
+Dpqcloj^ bp m^oqf`ri^ojbkqb •qfi pf nrbobjlp bumobp^oW bk crk`fŽk ab `lloab,k^a^p mli^obp-Sljbjlp i^ afob`qofwH sboqf`^i+`ljl bk i^ cfdro^ 02-02+v mlkd^,jlp K < d, Rf W qfbkb`lloabk^a^p mli^obpmv `*qbkbjlp HHWHH;m* W&K ;m `lp `*v i^ b`r^`fŽk '02-12( pb `lksfboqb bk
'02-13( l < _ Holp _ * ^c +
Rf W bpqŠ ^ i^ fwnrfboa^ ab i^ afob`qofw+qbkbjlp oblp ` ; ^) ^pŒ nrbHolp ` + ^c < ^ * l `lp ` u '02-13( qlj^ i^ cloj^ l < _%^ * oblp %d&)l+ abp,mbg^kal m*qbkbjlp
'02-14(`_
m;` `lp _ * 0
Rf W bpqŠ^ i^ abob`e^ ab i^ afob`qofw+qbkbjlp oblp ` = ^) ^pŒnrb '02-13( ^almq^i^ cloj^
m < `&m lp ` + ^& )
l_qbkfbkal
m << `_` `lp ` + 0
Orbpql nrb l = N+bpq^•iqfj^ b`r^`fŽk fjmif`^ _ = 0- Cf`el ab lqol jlal+ pŽilm^o^i^ efm‹o_li^ bufpqbkmrkqlp ^ i^ abob`e^ ab i^ afob`qofw-@pŒmrbp+ebjlp ab,jlpqo^al bi pfdrfbkqb qblobj^ nrb pb obmobpbkqbk i^ cfdro^ 02-02-
'02-15(
Bd`m^d^djn 504
Cfob`qofw Cfob`qofw
GGGGGG
'( G
Cx
^( l `lp %F ; ^ bk i^ bifmpb+i^ m^oŠ_li^ vi^ o^j^ fwnrfboa^ ab i^ efm‹o_li^-
_( m `lp %F = ^ bk i^ o^j^ abob`e^ abi^ efm‹o_li^-
EHFTQ@ 02-02 @‡id^\n ^ji `^p\^d‡i kjg\m m< ah m`lp %F * `e - Bg oj^j C `n `g jmdb`iv `noƒ \ g\ dulpd`m_\ _` g\ _dm`^omdu,
RCMPCK? 02-07- P`\ b pi\ ^‡id^\ ^ji `s^`iomd^d_\_ `* pi aj^j E `i `gjmdb`i* v pi\ _dm`^omduq`mod^\g I \ pi\ _dno\i^d\ _ \ g\ _`m`^c\ _` E- Pd N; `888990+g\ ^‡id^\ b `n pi\ `gdkn` j pi\ k\mƒ]jg\9 oj_j kpioj _` b `noƒ \ g\ dulpd`m_\ _`I u n\odna\^` g\ `^p\^d‡i kjg\m
'02-16(`_
l:`^jn &'* h
Pd ` = 0+g\ ^pmq\ `n pi\ cdk„m]jg\ ^ji pi\ m\h\ \ ^\_\ g\_j _` I, Ijn kpiojn _`g\ m\h\ _` g\ dulpd`m_\ n\odna\^`i '02-16( u gjn _` g\ m\h\ _` g\ _`m`^c\ n\odna\^`i
'02-17( `_l:
`^jn &'+
Dk bi pfdrfbkqb`lkgrkql ab bgbo`f`flp pb afp`rqbk i^p b`r^`flkbp mli^obp`loobp,mlkafbkqbp ^ lqo^p mlpf`flkbp ab i^ afob`qofw-
)+&*) :WR_PVPV\`
0- Cbjlpqo^o nrb i^ b`r^`fŽk '02-11( abi qblobj^ 02-06 ab_b obbjmi^w^opb mlo
GGV, BEE< ` x%T* B&$J * `e
pf B bpqŠbk bi pbjfmi^kl mlpfqfsl abqbojfk^al mlo J+
4/4 >kgd^\^dji`n _`g ƒgb`]m\ q`^ojmd\g\ g\ b`jh`om…\ \i\g…od^\
1- Rb^ a rk^ `Žkf`^ ab bu`bkqof`fa^a `* rk cl`l bk bi lofdbk+ u afob`qofw sboqf`^i H ^ rk^afpq^k`f^ ^ ^ i^ fwnrfboa^ ab B+^( Cbjlpqo^o nrb pf b bp rk^ bifmpb l rk^ m^oŠ_li^+ qlal mrkql ab b bpqŠ ^ i^ abob`e^ab H v p^qfpc^`b i^ b`r^`fŽk mli^o
`_m;g+`^jnL%
_( Cbjlpqo^o nrb pf b bp rk^ efm‹o_li^+ ilp mrkqlp ab i^ o^j^ ab i^ abob`e^ p^qfpc^`bki^ b`r^`fŽk ab i^ m^oqb^( v ilp ab i^ o^j^ fwnrfboa^ p^qfpc^`bk o < , `_-L * b`lp %F&+
N_p‹osbpb nrb bk bpqb `^pl 0 * ` `lp %F pfbjmob bp kbd^qfs^- -2- Rf rk^ `Žkf`^ qfbkb rk^ afob`qofwelofwlkq^i ^ afpq^k`f^ _ mlo bk`fj^ ab rk cl`l pfqr^al
bk bi lofdbk- abjlpqo^o nrb prp mrkqlp p^qfpc^`bk i^p b`r^`flkbp mli^obp l_qbkfa^p abi^p abi qblobj^ 02-07 obbjmi^w^kal `lp ‹ mlo pbk %F+ƒBrŠibp plk i^p `loobpmlkafbkqbpb`r^`flkbp mli^obp pf i^ afob`qofw bp elofwlkq^i v bpqŠ mlo ab_^gl abi cl`l>
B^a^ rkl ab ilp bgbo`f`flp abi 3 ^i 8 a^ rk^ b`r^`fŽk mli^o ab rk^ `Žkf`^ `lk rkcl`l B bk bi lofdbk u rk^ afob`qofw sboqf`^i ^ i^ abob`e^ ab B+ Dk `^a^ `^pl+ abqbojfk^o i^bu`bkqof`fa^a ` v i^ afpq^k`f^ _ abi cl`l ^ i^ afob`qofw-G^`bo rk af_rgl jlpqo^kal& i^ obi^,`fŽk ab i^ `ros^ ^ pr cl`l u ^ pr afob`qofw-
1,& T <,,,,
0 )xjnL%
05, m < 0 -
,!1! * `lp K
22+ l < 0 * p lp K †
53+ l:***
2*`lpN
37 l:****
- 0 * 1 `lp %F$
38- o < 0 * `lp %F†
Dk `^a^ rkl ab ilp bgbo`f`flp abi 0/ ^i 01+ rk^ `Žkf`^ ab bu`bkqof`fa^a ` qfbkb rk cl`lbk bi lofdbk v rk^ afob`qofw a^a^ mlo pr b`r^`fŽk `^oqbpf^k^- Dk `^a^ `^pl+ `^i`ri^o i^ afp,q^k`f^ ^ abi cl`l ^ i^ afob`qofwu abqbojfk^o i^ b`r^`fŽk mli^o ab i^ `Žkf`^- O^o^ rk^ efm‹o,_li^+ a^o rk^ b`r^`fŽk mli^o m^o^ `^a^ o^j^- G^`bo rk af_rgl jlpqo^kal i^ obi^`fŽk ab i^`ros^ ^ pr cl`l v ^ pr afob`qofw-
.-+ ` < p: afob`qofw9 0r * 1s < 14-ii-b<i: afob`qofw9 2s)1t;03,./+ ` < 1: afob`qofw9 s * t < 0-02- Tk `ljbq^ pb jrbsb pfdrfbkal rk^ Žo_fq^ m^o^_Žif`^ `lk bi Rli bk bi cl`l- Br^kal bi
`ljbq^ bpqŠ ^ 0/7 hfiŽjbqolp abi Rli+ rk sb`qlo nrb rkb bi cl`l ^i `ljbq^ cloj^ rkŠkdril ab 60&.2 `lk bi sb`qlo rkfq^ofl J qo^w^al m-lo bi cl`l mbombkaf`ri^ojbkqb ^ J)bpq^kal bi cl`l bk bi pbjfmi^kl kbd^qfsl abqbojfk^al mlo J+^( G^ii^o i^ b`r^`fŽk mli^o ab i^ Žo_fq^+qlj^kal bi lofdbk `ljl cl`l+ v `^i`ri^kal i^jbklo afpq^k`f^ bkqob bi `ljbq^ v bi Rli-_( Qbplisbo i^ m^oqb^( pf bi cl`l bpqŠ bk bi pbjfmi^kl mlpfqfsl abqbojfk^al mlo J+
T-11 BŽkf`^ppfj‹qof`^p obpmb`ql i lofdbk
- Rb af`b nrb rk `lkgrkql ab mrkqlp bp ndh„omd^jm`nk`^oj \g jmdb`i pf , WbpqŠbk bi `lkgrkql pfbjmob nrb W mboqbkbw`^ ‹i- Cbjlpqo^jlp pbdrfa^jbkqb nrb
@‡id^\n ndh„omd^\n m`nk`^oj \g jmdb`i 506
bi cl`l ab rk^ bifmpb l ab rk^ efm‹o_li^ mrbab pfbjmob pfqr^opb ab jlal nrb i^`Žkf`^ pb^ pfj‹qof`^ obpmb`ql ^i lofdbk- O^o^ e^`boil bp`of_^jlp i^ b`r^`fŽk crk,a^jbkq^i '02-11( ^pŒ9
'02-18( 00U + DGG< ` F&U+ C'% K + ^c < ` FU%K + C%K + ^c < g`U%K + ]h+
alkab \ < `_ * `C% K, Dibs^kal ^j_lp jfbj_olp ^i `r^ao^al- l_qbkbjlp
%.0+0-& 00VG01, 0C} U * 00D001 < `0&U%K'0 + 0`\U% K * \0,
Rf qfbkb nrb e^_bo pfjbqoŒ^ obpmb`ql ^i lofdbk+ bpq^ b`r^`fŽk ab_b q^j_f‹k p^qfp,c^`bopb `r^kal W pb obbjmi^`b mlo , W+ aŠkalklp
'02-20( GGVG01 * 0C} U * 00D001 < „&U%K'0 * 0`\U% K * \0,
Qbpq^kal '02-20( ab '02-2/(+ qbkbjlp pfjbqoŒ^ pf v pŽil pf
C%U; `\U}K Ž &C+ `\K' , U <9< M -
Dpq^ b`r^`fŽk mrbab p^qfpc^`bopb m^o^ qlal W ab i^ `ros^ pf v pŽil pf B v J bpqŠkifd^alp mlo i^ b`r^`fŽk
'02-21( C; `\K* alkab \ < `_ * `]< K ,
K^ obi^`fŽk C < `\K fjmif`^ C%K < `\* l_qbkfbkal \ < `_ * `%\, Rf ` < 0+bpq^ •iqfj^ b`r^`fŽk kl mrbab p^qfpc^`bopb v^ nrb ^) i^ afpq^k`f^ abi cl`l ^ i^ af,ob`qofw+kl bp kri^- Dpql pfdkfcf`^ nrb m^o^ i^ m^oŠ_li^ kl e^v pfjbqoŒ^ obpmb`ql^i lofdbk- Rf ` ;/; 0+pfbjmob mlabjlp p^qfpc^`bo i^ obi^`fŽk '02-21( qlj^kal
'02-22(`_
[:**+0 , `/
B:wJ+0 , `/
N_p‹osbpb nrb \ = N pf ` ; 0 v \ ; N pf ` = 0- Olkfbkal C < `\K bk '02-2/(l_qbkbjlp bi pfdrfbkqb
RCMPCK? 02-08- P`\ B pi\ ^jid^\ ^ji `s^`iomd^d_\_ ` ;/; 0 V pi aj^j C\ pi\ _dno\i^d\ _ _` pi\ _dm`^omduI, Pd K `n pi q`^ojm pido\mdj ijmh\g \ I tC < `\K* nd`i_j \ < `_-&/ + `0
'* `ioji^`n A `n `g ^jiepioj _` oj_jn gjn kpi+ojn W lp` n\odna\^`i g\ `^p\^d‡i
'02-23(
4/6 >kgd^\^dji`n _`g ƒgb`]m\ q`^ojmd\g\ g\ b`jh`om…\ \i\g…od^\
Dpq^ b`r^`fŽk bsfabk`f^ i^ pfjbqoŒ^obpmb`ql ^i lofdbk v^ nrb kl `^j_f^`r^kal W pb obbjmi^w^ mlo +s,Cb_fal ^ bpq^pfjbqoŒ^+i^ bifmpbv i^ efm‹o_li^qfbkbk `^a^ rk^ alp cl`lp+ pfj‹qof`^jbkqb `lil`^alp obpmb`ql^i `bkqol+ v alpaf,ob`qof`bp+q^j_f‹k pfj‹qof`^jbkqb `lil`^a^p obpmb`ql^i `bkqol-
K^ b`r^`fŽk '02-23( pb p^qfpc^`b `r^kal W < *(*[J+ Dplp alp mrkqlp pbii^j^k q„mod^`nab i^ `Žkf`^- Di pbdjbkql nrb ilp rkb bp bi `e` h\tjm pf i^ `Žkf`^bp rk^ bifmpb+v bi `e` om\inq`mnjpf bp rk^ efm‹o_li^-
Rb^ J$ rk sb`qlo rkfq^ofl loqldlk^i ^ J+ Rf W < \J$) bkqlk`bp W&J < N+^pŒnrb i^ b`r^`fŽk '02-23( pb p^qfpc^`bm^o^T < ]K%pf v pŽil pf ]0 * _0[0 < _%*
Dpql bufdb ` ; 0+ ]% < \0&/ + `0', Di pbdjbkql nrb rkb ilp mrkqlp W < +)+]K%*
alkab ] < \x pb ii^j^ `e` h`ijm ab i^ bifmpb-
L]n`mq\^d‡i8 Rf mlkbjlp ` < N bk '02-23(+ obpriq^ zGVGG< \, b`r^`fŽk ab rk^`fo`rkcbobk`f^ ab o^afl \ v `bkqol bk bi lofdbk- @ i^ sfpq^ ab '02-22(+ mlabjlp `lkpf,abo^o q^i `fo`rkcbobk`f^ `ljl `^pl iŒjfqb ab rk^ bifmpb bk i^ nrb ` x N X _ x // abjlal nrb _^ w [+
)+&*+ :PbNPV\[R`PN_aR`VN[N`QRYN Pp[VPN`
O^o^ l_qbkbo i^p b`r^`flkbp `^oqbpf^k^pab i^ bifmpbv ab i^ efm‹o_li^+ bp`of,_fjlp '02-23( bk crk`fŽk ab i^p `lloabk^a^p ob`q^kdri^obp ab W- Difg^jlp K < d'0/ nrb pfdkfcf`^ nrb i^p afob`qof`bp plk sboqf`^ibp( v pb^ W < %r) s&+Dkqlk`bpyyUT < s0 * v1+ W&K < s* v '02-23( qlj^ i^ cloj^ s0 * m* `0\0; `0s0 * \%*l s0%f * `0
' * v1 < \0%f * `0'* il nrb klp a^ -
N+ \,,*,,+,,,<0-\0 \0%. Z `0
'
Dpq^b`r^`fŽk `^oqbpf^k^obmobpbkqi^ bifmpb%_; 0( v i^ efm‹o_li^ %_= 0( v pbaf`b nrb bpqŠbk i^ ajmh\ ^\i‡id^\, Klp cl`lp bpqŠk bk ilp mrkqlp o\`* N( v&+\`* N(: i^p afob`qof`bpplk i^p ob`q^psboqf`^ibps < \g` u s < +n\Z `,
Rf ` ; 0+mlkbjlp ] < \n- 0 , `/ u bp`of_fjlp i^ b`r^`fŽk ab i^ bifmpbbki^ cloj^ `^kŽkf`^
'02-24(
'02-25(u1 t0'%'5*([/ ]/
N(+pfbkal ` < \` < S\/* ]/† Dk i^ cfdro^Rrp cl`lp bpqŠk bk %])K&v %*_)
02-03 ^( pb jrbpqo^ rk bgbjmil-
B^p\^dji`n ^\mo`nd\i\n ^_ g\n ^‡id^\n 508
Rf _ = 0+mlkbjlp ] < h]hT_/ * 0 X bp`of_fjlp i^ b`r^`fŽk ab i^ efm‹o_li^bk i^ cloj^ `^kŽkf`^
'02-26(
Rrp cl`lp bpqŠkbk 0/% mrkqlp &`*N( u &+`* N(+pfbkal ` < g\G`< S\/ * ]/† Dki^ cfdro^ 02-03 _( pb jrbpqo^ rk bgbjmil-
L]n`mq\^d‡i8 Cbpmbg^kal bk '02-26( i^ v bk crk`fŽk ab s* l_qbkbjlp alp plir`flkbp
'02-27(] ,-++
V < |+qs/ +\/†
g\g
O^o^ s^ilobp ab s do^kabp v mlpfqfslp+ bi k•jbol +zs%+\%bp `^pf fdr^i ^ s* ^pŒnrb bi pbdrkaljfbj_ol ab '02-27(+ bp moŽufjl- ^ ~ \r,f[`+ Dp cŠ`fi abjlpqo^o nrb i^ afcbobk`f^ bkqobt*;]sg\g b t*;] !U&u&,^&.H^iqfbkab ^ N `r^kal U+) *//- Dpq^ afcbobk`f^ bp
] , -++ ] s/* &s/
* \/& g\g ] g\g ]IH , 01 < , %r * U r/
* [/& < , ,,,,,,,,,,,, < ; ,,
h]h g\g s * qs/* \/ s * Ss/
* \/ s
t
'^( Difmpb
+ +y * n---- < 0: ]%< \% + `&\% ]%
t
s
'_( Gfm‹o_li^
EHFTQ@ 02-03 @‡id^\n ^ji `s^`iomd^d_\_ ` :{‹ 0+ ndh„omd^\n m`nk`^oj \g jmdb`i, Ijn aj^jn`noƒi `i '~ `* N(+ nd`i_j ` < y\g`, Ijn omdƒibpgjn m`g\^dji\i b`jh„omd^\h`io` \* ]* ^,
40. >kgd^\^dji`n _`g ƒgb`]m\ q`^ojmd\g\ g\ b`jh`om…\ \i\g…od^\
ab j^kbo^ nrb VF+V0+). `r^kal s+) *//- Olo `lkpfdrfbkqb+ i^ ob`q^ t;]s-g\g bp rk^^pŒkqlqab i^ efm‹o_li^- K^ ob`q^t;+]sgg\g`n i^ lqo^^pŒkqlq^-Rb af`b nrb i^ efm‹o_li^ qfbkabe^`f^ bp^pob`q^p^pfkq5qf`^jbkqb-Dk i^ cfdro^ 02-03\& pb obmobpbkq^ki^p ^pŒkqlq^p-
K^ b`r^`f5k `^oqbpf^k^ab i^ bifmpbv ab i^ efm‹o_li^ qlj^ afpqfkq^cloj^ pfi^p afob`qof`bpkl plk sboqf`^ibp-Olo bgbjmil+ pf i^p afob`qof`bppb qlj^k elofwlk,q^ibp+mlabjlp `lkpfabo^o J < g bk i^ b`r^`f5k '02-23(- Orbpql nrb W&J :< W&f < t* l_qbkbjlp rk^ b`r^`f5k `^oqbpf^k^ m^ob`fa^ ^ i^ '02-24(+ bu`bmqlnrb s b t bpqŠkmbojrq^a^p- K^ cloj^ `^kŽkf`^ bk bpqb`^pl bp
'02-28(
Rf i^ `5kf`^ pb qo^pi^a^mlo^af`f5k ab rk sb`qlo T} < %rj * Ui& ^ `^a^ rkl abprp mrkqlp+bi `bkqol pboŠ%rj *Vj' bk ird^o abi lofdbk- K^p `loobpmlkafbkqbp b`r^,`flkbp `^oqbpf^k^p mrbabk l_qbkbopb ab '02-24( l '02-28( prpqfqrvbkal s mlos + Tj b V mlo V + Vj,
O^o^ l_qbkbo rk^ b`r^`fŽk `^oqbpf^k^ m^o^ i^ m^oŠ_li^+ `lkpfabobjlp abkrbsl i^ b`r^`fŽk crka^jbkq^i '02-1/( `lk ` < 0- Sljbjlp `ljl afob`qofwi^ob`q^ sboqf`^i r < *_ v pfqrbjlp bi cl`l bk %_)N(- Rf W < %r) s&) qbkbjlpW , E < %r * _) s&) v i^ b`r^`fŽk '02-1/( klp a^ %r * _&/ * v1 < Gt* _./+Dpql pfjmifcf`^ i^ b`r^`fŽk `^kŽkf`^
'02-3/( t0 < 2^s,
Di mrkql jbafl bkqobbi cl`l v i^ afob`qofw'bi lofdbk bk i^ cfdro^ 02-04( pb ii^j^q„mod^ab i^ m^oŠ_li^+v i^ ob`q^ nrb m^p^mlo bi s‹oqf`b v bi cl`l bp bi `e` ab i^m^oŠ_li^- K^ m^oŠ_li^ bp pfj‹qof`^ obpmb`ql^ pr bgb-Rf ` = N+i^ m^oŠ_li^ bpqŠ^i^ abob`e^ abi bgb t* `ljl bk i^ cfdro^ 02-04- Br^kal ` ; N+i^ `ros^ bpqŠ^ i^fwnrfboa^ abi bgbv-
Rf pb bifdbk ilp bgbpab jlal nrb bi cl`l bpq‹ bk bi bgbv bk bi mrkql 'N+_&
v pf i^ ob`q^ elofwlkq^i t < +` pb qlj^ `ljl afob`qofw+i^ cloj^ `^kŽkf`^ ab i^b`r^`fŽk F `^oqbpf^k^ qlj^ i^ cloj^
s0 < 2^t,
Br^kal ` = N i^ m^oŠ_li^ pb ^_ob e^`f^ ^oof_^ `ljl jrbpqo^ i^ cfdro^ 02-05+v `r^kal ` ; N+pb ^_ob e^`f^ ^_^gl-
Rf i^ m^oŠ_li^ ab i^ cfdro^ 02-04 pb qo^pi^a^ ab jlal nrb pr s‹oqf`b bpq‹ bkbi mrkql %rj * Xl(+ i^ `loobpmlkafbkqb b`r^`fŽk bp
%s* VL'0 < 2^&s + sj'%
Be`m^d^djn 510
t t
Cfob`qofws; + b
s
+))$! %r)s&-++&! G
yy GGG
> G'''''''''' ''''''R'''''Cfob`qofw t < , b
EHFTO& 02-04 I\ k\mƒ]jg\ v1 < 2^s, EHFTQ@ 02-05 I\ k\mƒ]jg\ s0 < 3`v
Di cl`l bpqŠ ^elo^ bk bi mrkql %rj * _) Xl( X i^ afob`qofw bp i^ ob`q^ r < Uj + `-Di bgb ab i^ m^oŠ_li^ bp i^ ob`q^ X < Xl&
@kŠild^jbkqb+ rk^ qo^pi^`fŽk ab i^ m^oŠ_li^ ab i^ cfdro^ 02-05 klp `lkar`b^ i^ b`r^`fŽk
`lk cl`l bk %rj* Xl * ]&+ K^ ob`q^ X < Xl , _ bp pr afob`qofw+i^ ob`q^ r < Tj
pr bgb-Di ib`qlo mrbab bk`lkqo^o bkqobqbkfal abjlpqo^o nrb rk^ m^oŠ_li^ krk`^
qfbkb ^pŒkqlq^p-
)+&*, Dgbo`f`flp
B^a^ rk^ ab i^p b`r^`flkbp bk ilp bgbo`f`flp abi 0 ^i 5 obmobpbkq^rk^ bifmpb-G^ii^o i^p`lloabk^a^p abi `bkqol+ ilp cl`lp v ilp s‹oqf`bp+ v af_rg^o `^a^ `ros^- Cbqbojfk^o q^j_f‹ki^ bu`bkqof`fa^a-
s0, t00- 0// * 25 < 0-
t0 s01- 0// * 25 < H-
%r * 1(1 %s * 2(12- 05 * ,8, < G-
2, 7s0 * 03t0 < 14-
3, 2t0 * 1s0 < G-
%r * 0(1 %s * 1(15- ,,05, * 14 < 0-
400 >kgd^\^dji`n _`g ƒgb`]m\ q`^ojmd\g\ g\ b`jh`om…\ \i\g…od^\
Dk `^a^ rkl ab ilp bgbo`f`flp abi 6 ^i 01+ e^ii^o i^ b`r^`fŽk `^oqbpf^k^ 'bk i^ cloj^`^kŽkf`^ ^molmf^a^( m^o^ i^ bifmpbnrb p^qfpc^`b i^p `lkaf`flkbp a^a^p- Cf_rg^o `^a^ `ros^-
6- Bbkqol bk 'N+N(+rkcl`l bk ' +N(+rk s‹oqf`b bk '0+ N(-7- Bbkqol bk ',2+ 3(+ pbjfbgbp ab ilkdfqra 3 v 2+bgbj^vlo m^o^ibil ^i bgb s,8- Kl jfpjl nrb bk bi bgbo`f`fl 7+ p^isl nrb bi bgb j^vlo bp m^o^ibil ^i bgb v-
0/- U‹oqf`bp bk ',0+ 1(+ ',6+ 1(+ bgb jbklo ab ilkdfqra 1-00- U‹oqf`bp bk '2+ ,1(+ '02+ ,1(+ cl`lp bk '3+ ,1(+ '01+ ,1(-01- Bbkqol bk '1: 0(+bgb j^vlo m^o^ibil ^i bgbs* i^ `ros^ m^p^mlo ilp mrkqlp '5+ 0( X '1+ 2(-
B^a^ rk^ ab i^p b`r^`flkbp bk ilp bgbo`f`flp 02 ^i 07 obmobpbkq rk^ efm‹o_li^- G^ii^oi^p `lloabk^a^p abi `bkqol+ ilp cl`lp v ilp s‹oqf`bp- Cf_rg^o `^a^ `ros^ v jlpqo^o i^p mlpf,`flkbp ab i^p ^pŒkqlq^p-B^i`ri^o q^j_f‹k i^ bu`bkqof`fa^a-
s0 t002- 0// , 53 < 0-
t0 s003- 0// , 53 < 0-
%r * 2(104- 3 , %s* 2(1 < 0-
.3+ 6r0 + .3t0 < 033-
/5, 2s/ * 3t/ * 1/ < N-
%r * 0(107- 3
%s* 1(18 < 0-
Dk `^a^ rkl ab ilp bgbo`f`flp 08 ^i 12+ e^ii^o i^ b`r^`fŽk `^oqbpf^k^ 'bk i^ cloj^ `^k‹,kf`^ ^ab`r^a^( m^o^ i^ efm‹o_li^ nrb p^qfpc^`b i^p `lkaf`flkbp a^a^p- Cf_rg^o `^a^ `ros^ ui^p ^pŒkqlq^p-08- Bbkqol bk 'N+ N(+rk cl`l bk '3+ N(+rk s‹oqf`b bk '1+ N(-1/- El`lp bk 'N+ € Ui(+ s‹oqf`bp bk 'N+ € 0(-10- U‹oqf`bp bk '€1+ N(+^pŒkqlq^pv < |0s,11- Bbkqol bk ',0+ 3(+ rk cl`l bk ',0+ 1(+ rk s‹oqf`b bk ',0+ 2(-12- Bbkqol bk '1+ ,2(+ bgb qo^kpsbopl m^o^ibil ^ rkl ab ilp bgbp`lloabk^alp+ i^ `ros^ m^p^
mlo '2+ ,0(v ',0+ N(-13- ƒO^o^ nr‹ s^ilo 'l s^ilobp( ab b i^ ob`q^ 1s + 1v < b pboŠ q^kdbkqb ^ i^ efm‹o_li^
s0 + 1t0 < 0014- K^p ^pŒkqlq^pab rk^ efm‹o_li^ plk i^p ob`q^p /r * v < N X /r * v < N- G^ii^o i^
b`r^`fŽk `^oqbpf^k^ ab i^ `ros^ pf m^p^ mlo bi mrkql '2+ ,4(-B^a^ rk^ ab i^p b`r^`flkbp bk ilp bgbo`f`flp 15 ^i 20 obmobpbkq rk^ m^oŠ_li^- G^ii^o
i^p `lloabk^a^p ab ilp s‹oqf`bp+ i^ b`r^`fŽk ab i^ afob`qofw+v i^ abi bgb- Cf_rg^o `^a^ rk^ab i^p `ros^p-04, t0 < +6s, 18- s0 < 4t,
05, t0 < 1s, 2/- s0 * 6t < N-17- 'u , 0(1 < i1u , 5- 20- %r * 1(1 < 1s * 8-
Dk `^a^ rkl ab ilp bgbo`f`flp abi 21 ^i 26+ e^ii^o i^ b`r^`fŽk `^oqbpf^k^ 'bk i^ cloj^`^kŽkf`^ ^ab`r^a^( m^o^ i^ m^oŠ_li^ nrb p^qfpc^`bi^p `lkaf`flkbp a^a^p v af_rg^o i^ `ros^-21- El`l bk 'N+ ,f(: b`r^`fŽk ab i^ afob`qofw+s < f-22- U‹oqf`b bk 'N+ N(: b`r^`fŽk ab i^ afob`qofw+s < ,1-23- U‹oqf`b bk ',3+ 2(: cl`l bk ',3+ 0(-24- El`l bk '2+ ,0(: b`r^`fŽk ab i^ afob`qofw+s <p-25- Dgb m^o^ibil ^i bgb v: m^p^ mlo 'N+ 0(+'0+N( X '1+ N(-26- Dgb m^o^ibil ^i bgb r8 s‹oqf`b bk '0+ 2(: m^p^ mlo ',0+ ,0(-27- O^oqfbkal ab i^ abcfkf`fŽk cl`^i+ e^ii^o i^ b`r^`fŽk `^oqbpf^k^ ab i^ m^oŠ_li^ `rvl cl`l
bp bi lofdbk v `rv^ afob`qofwbp i^ ob`q^ /r * v < 0/-
Be`m^d^djn q\mdjn nj]m` ^‡id^\n 512
)+&*- :WR_PVPV\`cN_V\``\O_RPp[VPN`
0- Cbjlpqo^o nrb bi Šob^ ab i^ obdflk ifjfq^a^ mlo i^ bifmpb s0 - \0 * t0- ]0 < 0 bp fdr^i^ \] jriqfmif`^al mlo bi Šob^ ab rk `Œo`ril ab o^afl 0-
L]n`mq\^d‡i8 Dpq^ molmlpf`fŽk mrbab abjlpqo^opb ^ m^oqfo ab i^p molmfba^abp db,kbo^ibp ab i^ fkqbdo^i+pfk ob^ifw^o kfkdrk^ fkqbdo^`fŽk-
1- ^( Cbjlpqo^o nrb bi slirjbk abi pŽifal ab obslir`fŽk bkdbkao^al ^i dfo^o i^ bifmpbr0 - [0 * t0- \0 < 0 ^iobabalo ab pr bgb j^vlo bp fdr^i ^ [\| jriqfmif`^al mlo bi slir,jbk ab rk^ bpcbo^ rkfa^a-
L]n`mq\^d‡i8 Dpq^ molmlpf`fŽk mrbab abjlpqo^opb ^ m^oqfo ab i^p molmfba^abpdbkbo^ibp ab i^ fkqbdo^i+ pfk ob^ifw^o kfkdrk^ fkqbdo^`fŽk-
_( ƒBrŠi bp bi obpriq^al pf i^ bifmpb dfo^ ^iobabalo ab pr bgb jbklo>2- G^ii^o qlalp ilp k•jbolp mlpfqfslp = v >) = = >) q^ibp nrb bi Šob^ ab i^ obdflk ifjf,
q^a^ mlo i^ bifmpb >s0 * ?t0 < 2 bp fdr^i ^ i^ ab i^ obdfŽk ifjfq^a^ mlo i^ bifmpb
%= * >&r/ * %= * >&s/ < 2 -
3- Tk ^o`l m^o^_Žif`l qfbkb rk^ _^pb ab ilkdfqra ] v ^iqro^ c, Cbqbojfk^o bi Šob^ ab i^obdfŽk ifjfq^a^ mlo bi ^o`l v i^ _^pb-
4- K^ obdfŽk ifjfq^a^ mlo i^ m^oŠ_li^ v1 < 5r v i^ ob`q^ r < 1 dfo^ ^iobabalo abi bgb r+G^ii^o bi slirjbk abi pŽifal ab obslir`fŽk ^pŒbkdbkao^al-
5- Clp m^oŠ_li^p qfbkbk mlo b`r^`flkbp v1 < /%r * 0( b v1 < 1%r * 1( X ifjfq^k rk^ ob,dfŽk abi mi^kl O,^( B^i`ri^o mlo fkqbdo^`fŽk bi Šob^ ab O,_( G^ii^o bi slirjbk abi pŽifal ab obslir`fŽk bkdbkao^al ^i dfo^o O ^iobabalo abi bgb s,b( Kl jfpjl nrb bk _(+ mbol dfo^kal O ^iobabalo abi bgb v-
6- G^ii^o i^ b`r^`fŽk `^oqbpf^k^ ab i^ `Žkf`^ `lkpqfqrfa^ mlo qlalp ilp mrkqlp 'u+ u( `rv^afpq^k`f^ ^i mrkql 'N+ 1( bp i^ jfq^a ab i^ afpq^k`f^ ^ i^ ob`q^ v < 7-
7- G^ii^o i^ b`r^`fŽk `^oqbpf^k^ ab i^ m^oŠ_li^ `rvl cl`l bpqŠ bk bi lofdbk v `rv^ afob`qofwbp i^ ob`q^ s * v * 0 < N-
8- G^ii^o i^ b`r^`fŽk `^oqbpf^k^ ab rk^ efm‹o_li^ nrb m^p^ mlo bi lofdbk+ v nrb prp^pŒkqlq^pplk i^p ob`q^p v < /r * 0 b v < */r * 2-
0/- ^( O^o^ `^a^ j = /+ i^ b`r^`fŽk jr/ * %j * /&s/ < j/ * /j obmobpbkq^rk^ bifmpb- G^,ii^o 'bk crk`fŽk ab j& i^ bu`bkqof`fa^a v i^p `lloabk^a^p ab ilp cl`lp-_( G^ii^o i^ b`r^`fŽk `^oqbpf^k^ ab i^ efm‹o_li^ nrb qfbkb ilp jfpjlp cl`lp nrb i^
bifmpb ab i^ m^oqb ^( v nrb qfbkb bu`bkqof`fa^a sf00- Dk i^ pb``fŽk 02-11 pb abjlpqoŽ nrb rk^ `Žkf`^ pfj‹qof`^ obpmb`ql ^i lofdbk p^qfpc^`b
i^ b`r^`fŽk GGV, DGG< g`U} K + \g* alkab \ < `_ * `C} K, Tqfifw^o bpq^ obi^`fŽk m^o^abjlpqo^o nrb .GV, DGG* GGV* DGG< 0\ pf i^ `Žkf`^ bp rk^ bifmpb- Dk lqo^p m^i^_o^p+i^ prj^ ab i^p afpq^k`f^p ab `r^inrfbo mrkql ab i^ bifmpb ^ prp cl`lp bp `lkpq^kqb-
01- Sbkfbkal bk `rbkq^ bi bgbo`f`fl 00+ abjlpqo^o nrb m^o^ `^a^ o^j^ ab i^ efm‹o_li^ i^afcbobk`f^ GGV, DGG, GGV* DGGbp `lkpq^kqb-
02- ^( Cbjlpqo^o nrb rk^ qo^kpcloj^`fŽk mlo eljlqb`f^ 'prpqfqr`fŽk ab s mlo os b v mlo ns&qo^kpcloj^ rk^ bifmpb `lk `bkqol bk bi lofdbk bk lqo^ bifmpb `lk i^ jfpj^ bu`bkqof`fa^a-_( Cbjlpqo^o q^j_f‹k bi ob`Œmol`l- Dpql bp+pf alp bifmpbp `lk`‹kqof`^p qfbkbk i^ jfpj^bu`bkqof`fa^a v bgbpj^vlobp pl_ob i^ jfpj^ ob`q^+bpqŠk obi^`flk^a^p mlo rk^ eljlqb`f^-b( Cbjlpqo^o ilp obpriq^alp ^kŠildlp ^ ilp ^( v _( m^o^ i^p efm‹o_li^p-
-*, >kgd^\^dji`n _`g ƒgb`]m\ q`^ojmd\g\ g\ b`jh`om…\ \i\g…od^\
03- Tqfifw^o i^ b`r^`fŽk `^oqbpf^k^ nrb obmobpbkq^ qla^p i^p `Žkf`^p ab bu`bkqof`fa^a `v `bkqol bk bi lofdbk m^o^ abjlpqo^o nrb q^ibp `Žkf`^p plk `ros^p fkqbdo^ibp ab i^b`r^`fŽk afcbobk`f^i v&< %_0+ f&r,s+
L]n`mq\^d‡i8 Orbpql nrb ‹pq^ bp rk^ b`r^`fŽk afcbobk`f^i eljld‹kb^ 'pb``fŽk7-14(+ bi `lkgrkql ab qla^p bp^p `Žkf`^p ab bu`bkqof`fa^a ` bp fks^of^kqb cobkqb ^ rk^qo^kpcloj^`fŽk mlo eljlqb`f^- 'BljmŠobpb `lk bi bfbo`f`fl 02-(
04- ^( Cbjlpqo^o nrb bi `lkgrkql ab qla^p i^p m^oŠ_li^p bp fks^of^kqb cobkqb ^ rk^ qo^kp,cloj^`fŽk mlo pbjbg^kw^- Dpql bp+ rk^ q^i pbjbg^kw^ qo^kpcloj^ rk^ m^oŠ_li^ bk rk^m^oŠ_li^-_( G^ii^o qla^p i^p m^oŠ_li^p pbjbg^kqbp ^ v < s0Š
05- K^ ob`q^ r * v * 3 < N bp q^kdbkqb ^ i^ m^oŠ_li^ v1 < f3r+ G^ii^o bi mrkql ab `lkq^`ql-06- ^( C^al [ :; N- Rf i^p alp m^oŠ_li^p v1 < 1j%r * [& v r0 < 2lt plk q^kdbkqbp+ abjlp,
qo^o nrb i^ `lloabk^a^ s abi mrkql ab `lkq^`ql bpqŠ abqbojfk^a^ •kf`^jbkqb mlo \,_( G^ii^o rk^ `lkaf`fŽk m^o^ \* m v l nrb bumobpb bi eb`el ab nrb i^p alp m^oŠ_li^ppb^k q^kdbkqbp-
07- Blkpfa‹obpb bi ird^o dblj‹qof`l ab ilp mrkqlp L abi mi^kl m^o^ ilp nrb i^ afpq^k`f^ abM ^i mrkql '1+ 2( bp fdr^i ^ i^ prj^ ab i^p afpq^k`f^p ab M ^ ilp alp bgbp `lloabk^alp-^( Cbjlpqo^o nrb i^ m^oqbab bpb ird^o pfqr^a^ bk bi mofjbo `r^ao^kqb bp m^oqb ab rk^efm‹o_li^- Rfqr^o i^p ^pŒkqlq^pv e^`bo rk af_rgl-_( Dp_lw^o i^ doŠcf`^ abi ird^o+ bk ilp lqolp `r^ao^kqbp-
08- Clp m^oŠ_li^p qfbkbk bi jfpjl mrkql `ljl cl`l v i^ jfpj^ ob`q^ `ljl bgb+mbol prps‹oqf`bp bpqŠk ^ afpqfkql i^al abi cl`l- Cbjlpqo^o nrb i^p m^oŠ_li^p pb `loq^k loqldl,k^ijbkqb 'l pb^ nrb prp q^kdbkqbp plk mbombkaf`ri^obp bk ilp mrkqlp ab fkqbopb``fŽk(-
1/- ^( Cbjlpqo^o nrb i^ b`r^`fŽk `^oqbpf^k^
obmobpbkq^qla^p i^p `Žkf`^p pfj‹qof`^p obpmb`ql ^i lofdbk `lk cl`lp bk 'b+ N( v %*])K&+_( L^kqbkbo cfgl ^ v abpfdk^o `lk R bi `lkgrkql ab qla^p bp^p `Žkf`^p l_qbkfa^p ^iqlj^o [0 qlalp ilp k•jbolp mlpfqfslp 89 ]!+ Cbjlpqo^o nrb qla^ `ros^ ab R p^qfpc^`b i^b`r^`fŽk afcbobk`f^i
%^t'0 ^s
st + * %r0 + t0 + ]0' + + st < N -_s _s
b( Cbjlpqo^o nrb R bp loqldlk^i ^ pŒjfpjl: bpql bp+ bi `lkgrkql ab qla^p i^p qo^vb`,qlof^p loqldlk^ibp ^ i^p `ros^p ab R bp bi jfpjl R- XFi_d^\^d‡i8 Qbbjmi^w^o v&mlo,i.v& bk i^ b`r^`fŽk afcbobk`f^i ab i^ m^oqb \&+Y
10- Cbjlpqo^o nrb bi ird^o ab ilp `bkqolp ab rk^ c^jfif^ ab `fo`rkcbobk`f^p+ nrb m^p^kqla^p mlo rk mrkql a^al v plk q^kdbkqbp ^ rk^ ob`q^ a^a^+ bp rk^ m^oŠ_li^-
11- Cbjlpqo^o nrb bi ird^o ab ilp `bkqolp ab rk^ c^jfif^ ab `fo`rkcbobk`f^p+ nrb plk qla^pq^kdbkqbp 'buqbok^jbkqb( ^ rk^ `fo`rkcbobk`f^ a^a^ v ^ rk^ ob`q^ a^a^+ bp rk^ m^oŠ,_li^- 'Di bgbo`f`fl 10 mrbab `lkpfabo^opb `ljl rk `^pl m^oqf`ri^o-(
12- ^( Tk^ `rboa^ ab ilkdfqra 7H_h pb qo^w^ mbombkaf`ri^o ^i bgb ab i^ m^oŠ_li^ v1 < 2^s,Rb^k M v P ilp mrkqlp bk ilp nrb i^ `rboa^ `loq^ i^ m^oŠ_li^- Cbjlpqo^o nrb bi sb`qlonrb rkb N `lk L bp mbombkaf`ri^o ^i nrb rkb N `lk P-
_( K^ `rboa^ ab rk^ m^oŠ_li^ qo^w^a^ mlo bi cl`l u m^o^ibi^ ^ i^ afob`qofw pb ii^j^
Be`m^d^djn q\mdjn nj]m` ^‡id^\n 514
g\_j m`^oj l k\mƒh`omj, Cbjlpqo^o nrb i^ ilkdfqra abi i^al ob`ql bp al_ib ab i^ afpq^k`f^abi cl`l ^ i^ afob`qofw+v abjlpqo^o irbdl nrb i^p q^kdbkqbp ^ i^ m^oŠ_li^ bk ilp buqobjlpabi i^al ob`ql `loq^k bi bgb ab i^ m^oŠ_li^ bk i^ fkqbopb``fŽk ab ‹pqb `lk i^ afob`qofw-
13- Clp mrkqlp L u O pb ii^j^k pfj‹qof`lp obpmb`ql ^ rk^ `fo`rkcbobk`f^ pf L u O bpqŠk^ifkb^alp `lk bi `bkqol+ pf bi `bkqol kl bpqŠ bkqob biilp+ u pf bi molar`ql ab prp afp,q^k`f^p ^i `bkqol bp fdr^i ^i `r^ao^al abi o^afl- Rf O abp`of_b i^ ob`q^ s * 1v , 4 < /+e^ii^o bi ird^o abi mrkql L pfj‹qof`l ab P obpmb`ql ^ i^ `fo`rkcbobk`f^ s0 * v1 < 3-
),
8h?8G?B 8BA ;GA8=BA:E H:8FBD=6?:E
03-0 Erk`flkbp sb`qlof^ibp ab rk^ s^of^_ib ob^i
Dpqb`^mŒqril `lj_fk^ bi „idb_o^ sb`qlof^i `lk ilp j‹qlalp abi BŠi`ril vabp`of_b ^idrk^p ^mif`^`flkbp ^i bpqrafl ab `ros^p v ^idrklp mol_ibj^p ab Lb`Š,kf`^- Di `lk`bmql ab crk`fŽk sb`qlof^i bp crka^jbkq^i bk bpqbbpqrafl-
CDEHMHBHˆM- Ri\ api^d‡i ^ptj _jhdidj `n pi ^jiepioj _` iˆh`mjn m`\g`nt ^ptj m`^jmmd_j`n pi np]^jiepioj _`g `nk\^dj i+_dh`indji\g Sh n` _`ijhdi\api^d‡i q`^ojmd\g_` pi\ q\md\]g` m`\g,
Gbjlp bk`lkqo^al q^ibp crk`flkbp bk bi `^mŒqril 02- Olo bgbjmil+ i^ ob`q^nrb m^p^mlo rk mrkql L v bp m^o^ibi^^ rk sb`qlo kl kril = bp bi ob`loofal abi^ crk`fŽk sb`qlof^i W a^a^ mlo
r%n&< L * `=
m^o^qlal ob^i o,
K^p crk`flkbp sb`qlof^ibp pb abpfdk^oŠk `lk ibqo^pj^v•p`ri^p `ropfs^p q^ibp`ljl B) F+ W+U) bq`-+l jbaf^kqb ibqo^pjfk•p`ri^p `ropfs^p kbdofq^p a*a) bq`-Di s^ilo ab rk^ crk`fŽk B bk o pb abpfdk^+`loofbkqbjbkqb+ mlo B%n&+Dk ilp bgbj,milp nrb bpqraf^objlp+ bi aljfkfl ab B pboŠrk fkqbos^il nrb mrbab `lkqbkbo rkll alp buqobjlp l nrb mrbab pbo fkcfkfql-
03-1 Nmbo^`flkbp^idb_o^f`^p-Bljmlkbkqbp
K^p lmbo^`flkbp rpr^ibp abi „idb_o^ sb`qlof^i mrbabk ^mif`^opb m^o^ `lj,_fk^o alp crk`flkbp sb`qlof^ibp l rk^ crk`fŽk sb`qlof^i `lk rk^ crk`fŽk ob^i- Rf
516
/+1 @ƒg^pgj^ji api^dji`n q`^ojmd\g`n
E X F plk crk`flkbp sb`qlof^ibp+v pf p bp rk^ crk`fŽk ob^i+qbkfbkal qla^p rk al,jfkfl `lj•k+ abcfkfjlp krbs^p crk`flkbp E * F+ oB) v B$ F jbaf^kqb
&C* D'&o' < C&o' * D&o' * &pC'&o' < p&o'C&o'* &C%D'&o' < C&o'} D&o' ,
K^ prj^ B * F v bi molar`ql oB plk sb`qlof^ibp+ jfbkqo^p nrb bi molar`ql bp,`^i^o B +F bp ob^i- Rf B%nvX C%nv bpqŠkbk bi bpm^`fl ab 2 afjbkpflkbp+ q^j_f‹kmlabjlp abcfkfo bi molar`ql sb`qlof^i B W F `lk i^ cŽojri^
&C V D'&o' < C&o' t D&o',
K^ lmbo^`fŽk ab `ljmlpf`fŽk mrbab ^mif`^opbm^o^ `lj_fk^o crk`flkbp sb`,qlof^ibp `lk crk`flkbp ob^ibp-Olo bgbjmil+ pf C bp rk^ crk`fŽk sb`qlof^i `rvl al,jfkfl `lkqfbkb bi ob`loofal ab rk^ crk`fŽk ob^i p*i^ crk`fŽk `ljmrbpq^ F < E l pbp rk^ krbs^ crk`fŽk sb`qlof^i abcfkfa^ mlo
C%n&< BWo%n&Y
m^o^ `^a^ o bk bi aljfkfl ab p,Rf rk^ crk`fŽk B qfbkb prp s^ilobp bk R i* `^a^ sb`qlo B%nvqfbkb i `ljml,
kbkqbp+u mlabjlp bp`of_fo
C&o' < &ag&o'*a•&o'!,,, *ai@o~ ,
@pŒmrbp+ ^a^ crk`fŽk sb`qlof^i E lofdfk^ h crk`flkbp ob^ibpo,*,,, *cy `rvlp s^,ilobp bk o plk ilp `ljmlkbkqbp ab B%nv+Hkaf`^jlp bpq^ obi^`fŽk bp`of_fbkalE < '.0& --- + ai'* v ii^j^jlp -f bi h•‹pfjl `ljmlkbkqb ab B+
03-2 KŒjfqbp+abofs^a^p+b fkqbdo^ibp
Klp `lk`bmqlp crka^jbkq^ibp abi BŠi`ril+ q^ibp`ljl iŒjfqb+abofs^a^ b fkqb,do^i+-q^j_f‹k mrbabk buqbkabopb^ i^p crk`flkbp sb`qlof^ibp- Dumobp^jlp pbk`fii^,jbkqb i^ crk`fŽk sb`qlof^i bk crk`fŽk ab prp `ljmlkbkqbp u ob^ifw^jlp i^p lmb,o^`flkbp abi `Ši`ril pl_ob ilp `ljmlkbkqbp-
CDEHMHBHˆM- Pd E < '.0= --- + ai' `n pi\ api^d‡i q`^ojmd\g*_`adidhjn `g g…+hdo`* g\ _`mdq\_\ t g\ dio`bm\gkjm
ifok a&o' < 'ifokc0'q(+ --- +ifokcS.'qy( +n*(j n*$L n*.F
C%&ow< &av&o'*,,, *ax&o~*
bC&o' _o < Q7ag&o'_o* ,,, *E7ado' _o' *
nd`hkm` lp` gjn ^jhkji`io`n _` gjn n`bpi_jn hd`h]mjn o`ib\i n`iod_j,
I…hdo`n*_`mdq\_\n ` dio`bm\g`n /+2
Cb`fjlp q^j_f‹k nrb C bp ^jiodip\* _`mdq\]g` l dio`bm\]g` bk&rk fkqbos^ilpf `^a^ `ljmlkbkqb ab C qfbkbi^ `loobpmlkafbkqb molmfba^abk bi fkqbos^il-
@ i^ sfpq^ ab bp^pabcfkf`flkbp+kl mrbab plomobkabobk`lkqo^o nrb jr`elp abilp qblobj^p pl_ob iŒjfqbp+ lkqfkrfa^a+ abofs^`fŽk+ b fkqbdo^`fŽk ab crk`flkbpob^ibpq^j_f‹k plk sŠifalp m^o^crk`flkbp sb`qlof^ibp- U^jlp ^ bpq^_ib`bo^idrklpab ilp qblobj^p nrb rqfifw^jlp bk bpqb`^mŒqril-
RCMPCK? 03-0- PdC*F+ X p nji _`mdq\]g`n `i pi dio`mq\gj*gj hdnhj L^pmm`^ji C * E+ pC*v C%E+ Wo`i`hjn
%B* F(&< D&* C$) &pC'%< p%C* pg!* %B$F(& < B${ F * B$ C$+
PdC WE od`i`i gjn q\gjm`n `i S 2 o\h]d„i o`i`hjn
%Bt F(& < D&t F * B t C$+
A`hjnom\^d‡i, O^o^ sbo i^ j^o`e^ ab i^p abjlpqo^`flkbp afp`rqfjlp i^ cŽo,jri^ m^o^ %oB&$+K^p abjlpqo^`flkbp ab i^p lqo^p plk m^ob`fa^p v pb abg^k `ljlbgbo`f`flp m^o^ bi ib`qlo-
Dp`of_fbkal B < '.! --- +ai'* qbkbjlp
pC < &pa * ,,, * pai' * &pC'%< &&pa '%*,,, *&pai'%' ,
Obol i^ abofs^a^ abi h,‹pfjl `ljmlkbkqb ab pC bp &pa_ < p%X9* paf* ^pŒnrbqbkbjlp
&pC'%< p%&ex*,,, *ai' * p&av * ,,, *ax' < p%C * p B$)
Di ib`qlo l_pbos^oŠ nrb i^p cŽojri^p ab abofs^`fŽk abi qblobj^ 03-0 plk^kŠild^p ^ i^p ab i^ abofs^`fŽk ab rk^ prj^ l rk molar`ql ab crk`flkbp ob^ibp-Orbpql nrb bi molar`ql sb`qlof^i kl bp `lkjrq^qfsl+ ab_b rkl mobpq^oqbk`fŽk ^iloabk ab ilp c^`qlobp bk i^ cŽojri^ `loobpmlkafbkqb ^ %B W F(&-
K^ cŽojri^ m^o^i^ abofs^`fŽk B +F klp a^ bi pfdrfbkqb qblobj^ nrb pb rqfif,w^oŠ`lk cob`rbk`f^-
RCMPCK? 03-1- Pd pi\ api^d‡i q`^ojmd\g`n _`mdq\]g` t `n _` gjibdop_ ^jin+o\io` `i pi dio`mq\gj \]d`moj /* `ioji^`n C%E&< N `i g, AF@cj _` jomj hj_j*C%&o'`n k`mk`i_d^pg\m \ C&o'k\m\ ^\_\ o `i g,
A`hjnom\^d‡i, Olkd^jlp b&o'< GGD'p(U< C&o'}C&o', Olo efmŽqbpfp+d bp`lkpq^kqb bk .) v mlo il q^kql d&< N bk f+ Obol v^ nrb d bp rk molar`ql bp`^i^o+qbkbjlp d&< E! C * C%C%< 0C} C%,Olo il q^kql C%C%< N-
52/ @ƒg^pgj^ji api^dji`n q`^ojmd\g`n
Di qblobj^ nrb pfdrb qo^q^ab i^p crk`flkbp `lkqfkr^p- Rr abjlpqo^`fŽk pbabar`b cŠ`fijbkqb abi qblobj^ 2-4 v 3-1 nrb `lkqfbkbk ilp obpriq^alp ^kŠildlpm^o^ crk`flkbp ob^ibp-
SDNQDL@ 03-2- P`\ L < E l p* _ji_` E `n pi\ api^d‡i q`^ojmd\g v p `npi\ api^d‡i m`\g, Rf p `n ^jiodip\ `i o v E `n ^jiodip\ `i p&o'y+ioji^`n L `n^jiodip\ `i o, Rf g\n _`mdq\_\n p%&o'v C%Xp&o'Zsdno`i* `ioji^`n L%&o'o\h]d„i`sdno` u qd`i` _\_\ kjm g\ m`bg\ _` g\ ^\_`i\*
D-&o' < C%Xp&o'Zp-&o',
Rf rk^ crk`fŽk sb`qlof^i E bp `lkqfkr^ bk rk fkqbos^il `boo^al W[)\Y) -bk,qlk`bp `^a^ `ljmlkbkqb bp `lkqfkr^ v mlo q^kql fkqbdo^_ibbk W[)\Y) ^pŒnrb E bpfkqbdo^_ibbk W[)\Y+ Klp qobpqblobj^p nrb pfdrbk molmlo`flk^k i^p molmfba^abpcrka^jbkq^ibp ab i^ fkqbdo^iab i^p crk`flkbp sb`qlof^ibp- Dk `^a^ `^pl+ iŠp ab,jlpqo^`flkbp pb abar`bk ^i jljbkql ab ilp obpriq^alp ^kŠildlp m^o^i^p fkqbdo^ibpab crk`flkbp ob^ibp-
SDNQDL@ 03-3- KHMD„KHC@C X @CHSHUHC@C- Pd g\n api^dji`n q`^ojmd\g`nEv L nji dio`bm\]g`n`i X\*]Z* o\h]d„i gj `n^,F%* ^0. k\m\ ^p\g`nlpd`m\ A0 X ^0*
v o`i`hjn
>ndhdnhj* k\m\ ^\_\ ` `i, X\*]Z* o`i`hjn
n8C&o' _o <F7C&o' _d * bC&o' _o ,
SDNQDL@ 03-4- OQHLDQ SDNQDL@ ETMC@LDMS@K CDK B„KBTKN-& Ppkjib\+hjn lp` D `n pi\ api^d‡i q`^ojmd\g^jiodip\ `i X\*]Z, Pd ` D X\* ]Z* _`adi\hjng\ dio`bm\gdi_`adid_\ > ^jhj g\ api^d‡i q`^ojmd\g_\_\ kjm
>&s' <F7C&o' _o pf [ R u R \+
Bioji^`n >%&s'sdno`*v n` od`i` >%&s'< C&s' k\m\ ^\_\ s _` &\*]',
SDNQDL@ 03-5- RDFTMCN SDNQDL@ ETMC@LDMS@K CDK B„KBTKN- Ppkjib\+hjn lp` g\ api^d‡i q`^ojmd\gE od`i` _`mdq\_\ ^jiodip\ E&i pi dio`mq\gj \]d`moj g,Bioji^`n* k\m\ ^\_\ `g`^^d‡i _` ` t s `i F) o`i`hjn
C&s' < C&^' * nC%&o'_o ,`
I…hdo`n* _`mdq\_\n ` dio`bm\g`n 520
Di qblobj^ nrb pfdrb bp rk^ buqbkpfŽk ab i^ molmfba^a ]+f$77B%n&n :+.$77]B%n& n) obbjmi^w^kal i^ jriqfmif`^`fŽk mlo bi bp`^i^o _ mlo bi molar`ql
bp`^i^o mlo rk sb`qlo B-
RCMPCK? 03-6- Pd E < &e/j ,,, * Fi' `n dio`bm\]g` `i X\* ]Z* k\m\ oj_j q`^ojma < &^/j ,,, * ^i' `g kmj_p^oj `n^\g\m _• D `n dio`bm\]g` `i X\* ]Z* V o`i`hjn
a mj B%E&E < '0&_•B%n&nŠ &X Š oF
A`hjnom\^d‡i, Orbpql nrb `^a^ `ljmlkbkqb ab E bp fkqbdo^_ib+ qbkbjlp
@mifnrbjlp ^elo^ bi qblobj^ 03-6 v i^ abpfdr^ia^a ab B^r`ev,R`et^ow vl_qbkbjlp i^ pfdrfbkqb molmfba^a fjmloq^kqb ab i^p fkqbdo^ibp ab crk`flkbp sb`,qlof^ibp-
RCMPCK? 03-7- Pd D V GGDGGnji dio`bm\]g`n `i X\* ]Z o`i`hjn
'03-0( GG-A B%n&E 00x,@GGD'p(00n +
A`hjnom\^d‡i, Olkd^jlp b < -n99C&o'_o, Rf b </+ bkqlk`bp '03-0( obpriq^qofsf^i- Rrmlkd^jlp+ mrbp+ nrb b /:0< l v ^mifnrbjlp bi qblobj^ 03-6 l_qbkfbkal
'03-1(&k mj
GGAGG1< a• a < _[ B%E&n < ha• B%E&n +,*\ Š,p
Orbpql nrb bi molar`ql bp`^i^o b•E %n&bp crk`fŽk ob^i+ qbkbjlp i^ abpfdr^ia^a
'03-2( m8a C&o' _o x,m8naC&o'/ _o x H9GGAhGGGD'p(00_o*
alkab bk bi •iqfjl m^pl pb e^ bjmib^al i^ abpfdr^ia^a ab B^r`ev,R`et^ow+ha•D'p(0y GGAeGGGD'p(GG-Blj_fk^kal '03-1( v '03-2(+ iibd^jlp ^
GGAGG1z GGAGGoGGD'p(00_o ,
Š \
X^ nrb heAeG= /+ mlabjlp afsfafo mlo GAeGl_qbkfbkal '03-0(-
410 @ƒg^pgj^ji api^dji`n q`^ojmd\g`n
),&, :WR_PVPV\`
B^i`ri^o i^p abofs^a^p B$%n&u B!%n&m^o^ `^a^ rk^ ab i^p crk`flkbp sb`qlof^ibp ab ilpbgbo`f`flp abi 0 ^i 5-
0- C&o' < &o*o0*o1*o2',
0, C&o' < '`lp o*pbk1 o*pbk 0o*q^k o',
1, C&o' < '^o`pbk o*^obblp o',
2, C&o' < 0`o9 * 1`oe,
3, C&o' < `lpe oc* pbke 0oe * `+1of,
04, C&o' < ild 'i * o0'9 * ^obq^k oe * ,0 ,1 f,
)o6- Rb^ E rk^ crk`fŽk sb`qlof^i a^a^ mlo
0o 0 \, o0C&o' < ,, : * ,, d * f
0 * o0 0 * o0 Š
Cbjlpqo^o nrb bi Škdril cloj^al mlo B%n&u B$%n&bp `lkpq^kqb+ bpql bp+ fkabmbkafbkqbab o,B^i`ri^o i^p fkqbdo^ibp ab i^p crk`flkbp sb`qlof^ibp bk ilp bgbo`f`flp abi 7 ^i 00-
d. *7- l &o*Vo*`o'_o,
&*-28- Il 'pbk o*`lp o*q^k o' _o,
01- B^i`ri^o > , ?* pfbkal > < 1: , 2e * f u ? < j &o`0o9* o blpe 0oe * 0o`+0of' _o,02- C^alp rk sb`qlo > kl kril v rk^ crk`fŽk sb`qlof^i E q^i nrb B%n&{> < o m^o^ qlal o*
u q^ibp nrb bi Škdril cloj^al mlo B$%n&u > bp `lkpq^kqb 'fkabmbkafbkqb ab n&+Cbjlp,qo^o nrb B!%n&bp loqldlk^i ^ B$%n&+
03- C^alp ilp sb`qlobp cfglp kl krilp = v >) mlkd^jlp B%n&< `/n= * `+/n>+ Cbjlpqo^o nrbB!%n&qfbkb i^ jfpj^ afob``fŽk nrb B%n&+
04- Rf F < E W B$) `^i`ri^o F& bk crk`fŽk ab E v ab i^p abofs^a^p ab E-05- Rf F < E• E&W B!) abjlpqo^o nrb F& < E• E&W B$$$+06- Cbjlpqo^o nrb fcgn*(j B%n&< = pf v pŽil pf ifj n*L EEB%n&* ?GG< N-07- Cbjlpqo^o nrb rk^ crk`fŽk sb`qlof^i E bp abofs^_ib bk rk fkqbos^il ^_fboql . pf u pŽil pf
m^o^ `^a^ o bk . qbkbjlp
0C&o' < ifj , XC&o* b&* C&o'Z,
.z,*k c
08- Cbjlpqo^o bi qblobj^ ab i^ abofs^a^ kri^ m^o^ i^p crk`flkbp sb`qlof^ibp- Rf B$%n&< Nm^o^ `^a^ n bk rk fkqbos^il ^_fboql .) bufpqb rk sb`qlo b q^i nrb B%n&< b m^o^ qlalo ab g,
1/- C^alp ilp sb`qlobp cfglp = v > X i^ crk`fŽk sb`qlof^i E q^i nrb B!%n&< n= * >) abqbo,jfk^o B%n&pf D'M( < B W B$%K&< A-
10- Tk^ b`r^`fŽk afcbobk`f^i ab i^ cloj^ W&'t( * j%r&U%r&< M%r&)alkab j bp rk^ crk`fŽkob^i f-a^a^+ O rk^ crk`fŽk sb`qlof^i b V rk^ crk`fŽk sb`qlof^i abp`lkl`fa^+ pb ii^j^b`r^`fŽk afcbobk`f^i sb`qlof^i ab mofjbo loabk- Cbjlpqo^o nrb pf j u O plk `lkqfkr^pbk rk fkqbos^il /* bkqlk`bp m^o^ `^a^ \ ab / u `^a^ sb`qlo ? bufpqb rk^ plir`fŽk u pŽil
>kgd^\^dji`n \ g\n ^pmq\n, Q\ib`i^d\ 522
rk^ U nrb p^qfpc^`b i^ `lkaf`fŽk fkf`f^i U%[&< >) X nrb bp^ plir`fŽk sfbkb a^a^ mloi^ cŽojri^
U%n&< >_*k%n&* _*k%n&wM%r&€%!$&^r )
pfbkal k%r&< bk&o' _o,11- Tk^ crk`fŽk sb`qlof^i E p^qfpc^`b i^ b`r^`fŽk nB$%n&< B%n&* n= m^o^ `^a^ n w N+alkab
= bp rk sb`qlo cfgl- B^i`ri^o E!'i( v B%0&bk crk`fŽk ab =) pf B%.&< /=+12- G^ii^o rk^ crk`fŽk sb`qlof^i E+ `lkqfkr^ bk bi fkqbos^il 'N+ * BW(+ q^i nrb
0 F%!C&s' < s`!%> * , C&o'_o *B 0
m^o^ qlal s = N+pfbkal > rk sb`qlo cfgl kl kril-13- Tk^ crk`fŽk sb`qlof^i E+ nrb krk`^ bp `bol v qfbkb abofs^a^ `lkqfkr^ B$%n&m^o^ qlal o*
pfbjmob bp m^o^ibi^ ^ pr abofs^a^- Cbjlpqo^o nrb bufpqb rk sb`qlo `lkpq^kqb > v rk^crk`fŽk ob^i mlpfqfs^ o q^i nrb B%n&< o%n&=m^o^ qlal n+
),&- 6]YVPNPV\[RN YN Pb_cN`&FN[TR[PVN
Rb^ W rk^ crk`fŽk sb`qlof^i `rvl aljfkfl bp rk fkqbos^il g,Br^kal o ob`l,oobH) ilp `loobpmlkafbkqbps^ilobp ab i^ crk`fŽk T%n&ob`loobk rk `lkgrkql ab mrk,qlp nrb ii^j^jlp bmƒad^\ ab i^ crk`fŽk W- Rf ilp s^ilobp ab i^ crk`fŽk bpqŠkbkbpm^`flp ab 1 Ž 2 afjbkpflkbp+ mlabjlp obmobpbkq^odblj‹qof`^jbkqb i^ doŠcf`^-Olo bgbjmil+ pf U&o' < M * o>* alkab M v > plk sb`qlobp cfglpbk S\* `lk > ;C L*i^ doŠcf`^ab W bp rk^ ob`q^ nrb m^p^mlo L v bp m^o^ibi^^ =+ Tk^ crk`fŽk jŠpdbkbo^i abp`of_foŠ rk^ doŠcf`^ jŠp dbkbo^i+`ljl prdfbob bi bgbjmil ab i^ cfdr,o^ 03-0- Rf W bp `lkqfkr^ bk F*q^i doŠcf`^pb ii^j^ ^pmq\9 l `lk jŠp mob`fpfŽki^`ros^ abp`ofq^mlo W- @ sb`bp ab`fjlp nrb i^ `ros^ bp abp`ofq^k\m\h„omd^\h`io`mlo W- Di fkqbos^il f pb ii^j^ dio`mq\gj k\m\h„omd^j9 `^a^ o ab f pb ii^j^k\mƒh`omj,
K^p molmfba^abpab i^ crk`fŽk W mrbabk rqfifw^opbm^o^ fksbpqfd^omolmfb,a^abp dblj‹qof`^p ab prp doŠcf`^p-Dk m^oqf`ri^o+i^ abofs^a^ W&bpqŠifd^a^ ^i`lk`bmql ab q^kdbk`f^+`ljl bk bi `^pl ab rk^ crk`fŽk ob^i- Elojbjlp bi `l,`fbkqb ab afcbobk`f^p
U& * c' + U&o'
bb fksbpqfdrbjlp pr `ljmloq^jfbkql `r^kal c x N- Dpqb`l`fbkqb bp bi molar`qlabi sb`qlo T%n* b& * T%n&mlo bi bp`^i^o f,b+ Di krjbo^alo+ T%n* b& * T%n&)obmobpbkq^albk i^ cfdro^ 03-1+bp m^o^ibil ^i sb`qlo '03-3(- Rf bumobp^jlp bpqb
'03-3(
523 @ƒg^pgj^ji Xpi^dji`n q`^ojmd\g`n
`l`fbkqb ab afcbobk`f^p bk crk`f5k ab prp `ljmlkbkqbp u e^`bjlp nrb c x /+ bk,`lkqo^jlp nrb
ifj U&o * c' + U&o' < U%&o'*xz,*M c
u
s
EHFTQ@ 03-0 ?olp[ ^_m]lcn[ jil _fp_]nil T%n&+
s
EHFTQ@ 03-1 Af p_]nil W'q * b& * T%n& _mj[l[f_fi [f WT%n* b& * T%n&Y,b+
prmlkfbkal nrb i^ abofs^a^ T$%n&bufpq^-K^ fkqbomobq^`fŽkdblj‹qof`^ ab bpq^ob,i^`f5kprdfbob i^ pfdrfbkqb abcfkf`f5k-
CDEHMHBH5M- P`\ B pi\ ^pmq\ _`n^mdo\kjm pi\ api^d4i q`^ojmd\g^jiodip\ W-Pd `sdno` g\ _`mdq\_\ U%&o'v ij `n ipg\* g\ m`^o\ lp` k\n\ kjm U&o'v k\m\g`g\ \U&o'n` gg\h\ o\ib`io` \ B `i U&o',Bg q`^ojm U%&o'n` _`ijhdi\ q`^ojm o\ib`io`\ B `i T%n&+
DIDLOKN 0- O`^o\, O^o^ rk^ ob`q^ a^a^ mlo U&o'< M * o>* pfbkal= :.:-) qbkbjlp T$%n&< =) ^pŒnrb i^ ob`q^ q^kdbkqbbk `^a^ mrkql `lfk`fab `lki^ doŠcf`^ab W+molmfba^a nrb `fboq^jbkqb abpbŠ_^jlp-
DIDLOKN 1- @dm^pia`m`i^d\, Rf W abp`of_b rk^ `fo`rkcbobk`f^ ab o^afl \v `bkqol bk L) bkqlk`bp GGV'p(, NGG< \ m^o^`^a^ o, Di sb`qlo T%n&* L pb ii^j^m\_dj q`^ojm9 mrbab obmobpbkq^opbdblj‹qof`^jbkqb mlo rk^ cib`e^ abpab bi `bk,qol ^i mrkql T%n&+Orbpql nrb bi o^afl sb`qlo qfbkb ilkdfqra `lkpq^kqb+bi qblobj^03-1 klp af`b nrb bp mbombkaf`ri^o^ pr abofs^a^ v mlo q^kql mbombkaf`ri^o^ i^ob`q^ q^kdbkqb-@pŒmrbp+m^o^rk^ `fo`rkcbobk`f^+ krbpqo^ abcfkf`f5k ab q^kdbk`f^bpqŠab ^`rboal `lk i^ nrb pb a^ bk i^ FbljbqoŒ^ mi^k^ bibjbkq^i-
>kgd^\^dji`n \ g\n ^pmq\n, Q\ib`i^d\ 524
DIDLOKN 2- Fiq\md\i^d\ am`io` \ pi ^\h]dj _` k\mƒh`omj, Erk`flkbp afp,qfkq^pmrbabk qbkbo i^ jfpj^ doŠcf`^- Olo bgbjmil+ prmlkd^jlp nrb W bp rk^crk`fŽk sb`qlof^i `lkqfkr^ abcfkfa^ bk rk fkqbos^il . v nrb p bp rk^ crk`fŽk ob^iabofs^_ib `lk p%pfbjmob afpqfkq^ab `bol bk rk fkqbos^il F) v q^i nrb bi ob`loofalab p pb^ g, Dkqlk`bp i^ crk`fŽk V abcfkfa^ bk F mlo i^ b`r^`fŽk
U%n&< TWo%n&Y
bp rk^ crk`fŽk sb`qlof^i `lkqfkr^ nrb qfbkbi^ jfpj^ doŠcf`^nrb W- Clp qrk`flkbpW b V ^pŒobi^`flk^a^p pb ii^j^k `lpdq\g`io`n, Rb af`b ab bii^p nrb molmlo`flk^kobmobpbkq^`flkbpm^o^j‹qof`^p afpqfkq^pab i^ jfpj^ `ros^- @pfjfpjl pb af`bnrb i^ crk`fŽk p abcfkb rk `^j_fl ab m^oŠjbqol-
Klp `lk`bmqlp dblj‹qof`lp jŠp fjmloq^kqbp ^pl`f^alp ^ rk^ `ros^ plk ^nrb,iilp nrb mboj^kb`bk fks^of^kqbpcobkqb^ rk `^j_fl ab m^oŠjbqol- Olo bgbjmil+bp cŠ`fi abjlpqo^o nrb i^ q^kdbkqbbp fks^of^kqb- Rf i^ abofs^a^ T$Wo%n&Ybufpqb+i^obdi^ ab i^ `^abk^ jrbpqo^ nrb U$%n&q^j_f‹k bufpqbu sfbkb a^a^ mlo i^ cŽojri^
s$%n&< U%Xp&o'Zp%&o',
K^ abofs^a^ o$%n&krk`^ bp `bol- Rf T$Wo%n&Ybp kl kri^+ U$%n&q^jml`l bp kri^+ abjlal nrb U$%n&bp m^o^ibil ^ T$Wo%n&Y+Olo `lkpfdrfbkqb ^j_^p obmobpbkq^`flkbpW b V klp `lkar`bk ^ i^ jfpj^ q^kdbkqbbk `^a^ mrkql ab i^ `ros^-
DIDLOKN 3- Mmjkd`_\_`n _` m`ag`sd‡i `i g\n ^‡id^\n, K^p `Žkf`^p qfbkbkmolmfba^abpab obcibufŽkrp^a^p `lk cob`rbk`f^ bk bi afpb•l ab fkpqorjbkqlp Žmqf,
'^(Difmpb
'^(Gfm‹o_li^
S^kdbkqb
EHFTQ@ 03-2 Mmjkd`_\_`n _` m`ag`sd‡i _` g\n ^‡id^\n,
525- @ƒg^pgj^ji api^dji`n q`^ojmd\g`n
`lp v ^`•pqf`lp- Klp o^vlp irjfklplp nrb m^oqbk ab rkl ab ilp cl`lp ab rk obcib`qlobiŒmqf`l-`lksbodboŠk bk bi lqol cl`l+ `ljl jrbpqo^ i^ cfdro^ 03-2 ^(- Klp o^vlpirjfklplp afofdfalp e^`f^ rkl ab ilp cl`lp ab rk obcib`qlo efmbo_Žif`l `lksbo,dboŠk bk bi lqol cl`l+ `ljl sbjlp bk i^ cfdro^ 03-2 _(- Dk rk obcib`qlo m^o^_Žif`l+ilp o^vlp irjfklplp m^o^ibilp ^i bgb `lksbodbk bk bi cl`l+ `ljl sbjlp bk i^cfdro^ 03-2 b(+O^o^ bpq^_ib`bo bp^p molmfba^abp ab obcibufŽk+ kb`bpfq^jlp abjlp,qo^o nrb bk `^a^ cfdro^ ilp Škdrilp ` plk fdr^ibp- Blkpbdrfobjlp bpql m^o^ i^ bifmpbv m^o^ i^ efm‹o_li^ v abg^jlp ^i ib`qlo i^ abjlpqo^`fŽk m^o^ i^ m^oŠ_li^-
Blilnrbjlp rk cl`l B0 bk bi lofdbk v pb^k !0 v !1 alp sb`qlobp rkfq^oflp`lk i^ jfpj^ afob``fŽk nrb V v V, B0* obpmb`qfs^jbkqb+ pfbkal V rk mrkql^o_fqo^ofl ab i^ `Žkf`^- 'Ubo cfdro^ 03-3-( Rf ^) < GGVGGv ^) < GGV, E100+plki^p afpq^k`f^p cl`^ibp bkqob W s ilp cl`lp B/ v B0* obpmb`qfs^jbkqb+ qbkbjlp
s < ^/!/ u
Blkpfabobjlp ^elo^ U%!/%!0%_/ *X _0 `ljl crk`flkbp abcfkfa^p bk rk `fboqlfkqbos^il ab k•jbolp ob^ibp- Rrp abofs^a^p bpqŠk obi^`flk^a^p mlo i^p b`r^`flkbp
'03-4(
Orbpql nrb !0 v !1 qfbkbk ilkdfqra `lkpq^kqb+ `^a^ rkl bp mbombkaf`ri^o ^ pr ab,ofs^a^+ ^pŒnrb i^p b`r^`flkbp '03-4( klp a^k T!!g < ^8 X T!!0 < ^w+Rrj^kalv obpq^kal bp^p obi^`flkbp+ bk`lkqo^jlp nrb
'03-5(
Dk i^ bifmpb+^E * ^0 bp `lkpq^kqb+ ab jlal nrb ^8 * ^w< N- Dk `^a^ o^j^ abi^ efm‹o_li^ _* + _0 bp `lkpq^kqb+ ^pŒnrb _ z, _x < N- Olo `lkpfdrfbkqb+ i^pb`r^`flkbp '03-5( klp a^k
bk i^ bifmpb+ bk i^ efm‹o_li^-
Rb^ Q < U%.GGV.GGrk sb`qlo rkfq^ofl `lk i^ jfpj^ afob``fŽk nrb U%,Dkqlk`bp Q`nq^kdbkqb ^ i^ `Žkf`^+ v qbkbjlp
bk i^ bifmpb+ Q%!0< Q%!g bk i^ efm‹o_li^-
Rfc(i v `/ plk+ obpmb`qfs^jbkqb+ ilp Škdrilp nrb Q cloj^ `lk !0 v !1& pfbkalN z bi z 60&X-N z `0 x 60&+^nrbii^p alp •iqfj^p b`r^`flkbp jrbpqo^k nrb
bk i^ bifmpb+ bk i^ efm‹o_li^-
>kgd^\^dji`n \g hjqdhd`ioj ^pmqdg…i`j /,0
'^( K0 < &Gn, K) bk i^ bifmpb '_( K0 < K) bk i^ efm‹o_li^
EHFTQ@ 03-3 A`hjnom\^dji`n _` g\n kmjkd`_\_`n _` m`ag`sd‡i k\m\ g\ `gdkn` v g\ cdk„m]jg\,
Krbdl qbkbjlp L0 < 6S , 'IH bk i^ bifmpb+v &G0 < 'IH bk i^ efm‹o_li^- Dpq^pobi^,`flkbp bkqob ilp Škdrilp 'IH v K0 a^k i^p molmfba^abpab obcibufŽkab i^ bifmpbvab i^ efm‹o_li^-
),&. 6]YVPNPV\[RNYZ\cVZVR[a\ Pb_cVYo[R\&HRPa\_cRY\PVQNQ$cRY\PVQNQe NPRYR_NPVp[
Rrmlkd^jlp nrb rk^ m^oqŒ`ri pb jrbsb bk bi bpm^`fl ab 1 Ž 2 afjbkpflkbpab jlal nrb pr mlpf`fŽk bk bi fkpq^kqbo obcbofa^^ rk `fboql pfpqbj^ `lloabk^alsbkd^ a^al mlo rk sb`qlo T%n&+Br^kal o s^oŒ bk rk fkqbos^il ab qfbjml+ bi `^,jfkl ob`loofal mlo i^ m^oqŒ`ri bp pbk`fii^jbkqb i^ doŠcf`^ ab W- @pŒmrbp+i^crk`fŽk sb`qlof^i W klp pfosb `ljl jlabil j^qbjŠqf`l m^o^ abp`of_fo bi jlsf,jfbkql- @ i^ crk`fŽk sb`qlof^i W i^ ii^j^jlp api^d‡i kjnd^d‡i abi jlsfjfbkql-Klp `lk`bmqlp cŒpf`lpq^ibp`ljl sb`qlo sbil`fa^a+ sbil`fa^a+ u sb`qlo ^`bibo^`fŽkmrbabk abcfkfopbbk crk`fŽk ab i^p abofs^a^p ab i^ crk`fŽk ab mlpf`fŽk- Dk i^ pf,drfbkqb afp`rpfŽk prmlkbjlp nrb i^ crk`fŽk mlpf`fŽk mrbab abofs^opb `r^kq^psb`bp pb^ mob`fpl pfk ab`foil bk `^a^ l`^pfŽk-
CDEHMHBHˆM- @jind_`m`hjn pi hjqdhd`ioj _`n^mdojkjm pi\ api^d‡i q`^oj+md\gW- I\ _`mdq\_\ U%&o'n` gg\h\ q`^ojm q`gj^d_\_ `i `g dino\io` o, I\ gjibdop__`g q`^ojm q`gj^d_\_* GGV&'p(GG+n` gg\h\ q`gj^d_\_, I\ _`mdq\_\ n`bpi_\ U!&o' _`gq`^ojm kjnd^d‡i, n` gg\h\ q`^ojm \^`g`m\^d‡i,
527 @ƒg^pgj ^ji api^dji`n q`^ojmd\g`n
Kjo\^d‡i, @ sb`bp i^ crk`fŽk mlpf`fŽk W pb obmobpbkq mlo m*bi sb`qlosbil`fa^a mlo q* i^ sbil`fa^a mlo q v i^ ^`bibo^`fŽk \, @pŒnrb q < m%*q < 00 b\+u \ < q%< m!*
Rf bi sb`qlo sbil`fa^a T$%n&pb obmobpbkqmlo rk sb`qlo dblj‹qof`l ifd^al ^i^ `ros^ bk T%n&)sbjlp nrb bpqŠpfqr^al bk i^ ob`q^ q^kdbkqb-Di rpl ab i^ m^i^_o^~sbil`fa^a‚ m^o^i^ ilkdfqra abi sb`qlo sbil`fa^a pb grpqfcf`^oŠbk i^ pb``fŽk 03-01bk alkab pb abjrbpqo^ nrb i^ sbil`fa^a bp bi `lbcf`fbkqb ab s^of^`fŽk ab i^ ilkdf,qra ab ^o`l ^ il i^odl ab i^ `ros^- Dpql bp il nrb bi sbil`Œjbqol ab rk ^rqljŽsfifkqbkq^jbafo- @pŒmrbp+i^ ilkdfqra abi sb`qlo sbil`fa^a klp af`b i^ o^mfabw lknrb i^ m^oqŒ`ri pb jrbsb bk `^a^ fkpq^kqb+v pr afob``fŽk klp fkaf`^ e^`f^ aŽkabs^- Di sb`qlo sbil`fa^a `^j_f^oŠ pf jlafcf`^jlp i^ sbil`fa^a l i^ afob``fŽk abijlsfjfbkql 'l ^j_lp(- Di sb`qlo ^`bibo^`fŽk bp rk^ jbafa^ ab bpqb `^j_fl-K^ ^`bibo^`fŽk lofdfk^ bi bcb`ql nrb rkl bumbofjbkq^ `r^kal rk ^rqljŽsfi `^j,_f^ pr sbil`fa^a l pr afob``fŽk- @ afcbobk`f^ abi sb`qlo sbil`fa^a+ bi sb`qlo ^`b,ibo^`fŽk kl bpqŠkb`bp^of^jbkqb bk i^ ob`q^ q^kdbkqb-
DIDLOKN 0- Jjqdhd`ioj m`^odg…i`j, Blkpfabobjlp rk jlsfjfbkql `rvlsb`qlo mlpf`fŽk bp
m&o'< M * a&o'> *
alkab L v = plk sb`qlobp cfglp v = :.: M+ Dpqbjlsfjfbkql pb ob^ifw^^ il i^odlab rk^ ob`q^ nrb m^p^mlo L v m^o^ibi^^ =+ Di sb`qlo sbil`fa^a+ i^ sbil`fa^a v bisb`qlo ^`bibo^`fŽk sfbkbk a^a^p mlo
q&o'< a%&o'>* q&o' < Ghr'p(00< Gb&'p(0GG?00+ \&o' < a!&o'> ,
Rf a&o'v a!&o'kl plk `bol+ bi sb`qlo ^`bibo^`fŽk bp m^o^ibil ^i sb`qlo sbil`fa^a-
DIDLOKN 1- Jjqdhd`ioj ^dm^pg\m, Rf rk mrkql 'u+ s& ab S0 bpqŠobmobpbk,q^al mlo prp `lloabk^a^p mli^obp o v '(+qbkbjlp
r < l `lp '(+ s:lm_h%&+
Rf o bp cfgl+mlo bgbjmil o < \* u pf `& mrbab s^of^o bk rk fkqbos^il `r^inrfbo^ ab^jmifqra mlo il jbklp 05Q* bi `loobpmlkafbkqb mrkql %r)u( abp`of_b rk^ `fo`rk,cbobk`f^ ab o^afl [ v `bkqol bk bi lofdbk- Rf `lkpfabo^jlp '( `ljl rk^ crk`fŽkabi qfbjml+ mlo bgbjmil '( < `%n&)qbkbjlp rk jlsfjfbkql a^al mlo i^ crk`fŽk abmlpf`fŽk
m&o'< \ ^jna&o'd * \n`ia&o'e,
>kgd^\^dji`n \g hjqdhd`ioj ^pmqdg…i`j 528
Di `loobpmlkafbkqb sb`qlo sbil`fa^a bp
q&o'< m%&o'< +\a%&o'n`ia&o'd* \a%&o'jna&o'e*
abi nrb pb abar`b nrb i^ sbil`fa^a bk bi fkpq^kqbo bp
q&o' < Ghr'p(00< \ Gb&'p(G-
Di c^`qlo 0c&'q(0< y_` - _oy pb ii^j^ q`gj^d_\_ \ibpg\m ab i^ m^oqŒ`ri^-Tk `^pl m^oqf`ri^o fjmloq^kqb pb mobpbkq^ r^kal b < ro* alkab r bp rk^
`lkpq^kqb mlpfqfs^-Dk bpqb`^pl+ i^ m^oqŒ`ri m^oqbabi mrkql %[) N( bk bi fkpq^kqbo < N X pb jrbsb bk bi pbkqfal `lkqo^ofl ^i ab i^p ^drg^p abi obilg pfdrfbkal i^`fo`rkcbobk`f^ `lk sbil`fa^a ^kdri^o `lkpq^kqb ^\, K^p cŽojri^p m^o^bi sb`qlo ml,pf`fŽk+sb`qlo sbil`fa^a v sbil`fa^a pb qo^kpcloj^k bk
m&o'< \ `lp ro c* \ pbkd~og+ q&o'< +r\n`i jdo c* r\ `lp ^jo g+ q&o'< \r ,
Di sb`qlo ^`bibo^`fŽk sfbkb a^al mlo
\&o' 9< +r0\ `lp ^jo c* q0\ pbk lfof < +ic&o'*
nrb jrbpqo^ nrb i^ ^`bibo^`fŽk qfbkbpfbjmob afob``fŽk lmrbpq^ ^i sb`qlo mlpf`fŽk-Br^kal pb obmobpbkq^lk rk sb`qlo dblj‹qof`l qo^w^al bk bi ird^o nrb l`rm^ i^m^oqŒ`ri^+bi sb`qlo ^`bibo^`fŽk bpqŠafofdfal e^`f^ bi `bkqol ab i^ `fo`rkcbobk`f^-Cb_fal ^ bpql+i^ ^`bibo^`fŽk pb ii^j^ ^`iom…k`o\* abkljfk^`fŽk molmrbpq^mloMbtqlk-
L]n`mq\^d‡i8 Rf rk^ m^oqŒ`ri^ bk oklsŒoorbkql qfbkb j^p^ h* i^ pbdrka^ ibv abijlsfjfbkql ab Mbtqlk bpq^_ib`b nrb i^ crbow^ nrb ^`q•^ pl_ob bii^ 'ab_fa^ ^ pr ^`b,ibo^`fŽk( bp bi sb`qlo g[%n&) j^p^ mlo ^`bibo^`fŽk- Rf i^ m^oqŒ`ri^ pb jrbsb pl_ob rk^`fo`rkcbobk`f^ `lk sbil`fa^a ^kdri^o `lkpq^kqb+ ‹p^ pb ii^j^ crbow^ ^`iom…k`o\ mlonrbbpqŠ afofdfa^ e^`f^ bi `bkqol- Dpq^ crbow^ bp bgbo`fa^ mlo bi jb`^kfpjl nrb prgbq^ i^m^oqŒ`ri^ ^ rk^ qo^vb`qlof^ `fo`ri^o- Di jb`^kfpjl bp rk^ ^p`m_\ bk bi `^pl ab rk^mfbao^ dfo^kal bk rk^ elka^+ l i^ \om\^^d‡i _` g\ bm\q`_\_ bk bi `^pl ab rk p^q‹ifqb^iobabalo ab i^ Sfboo^- K^ ob^``fŽk fdr^i v lmrbpq^ 'ab_fa^ ^ i^ qbo`bo^ ibv ab Mbt,qlk(+ bpql bp+ i^ crbow^ +h\&o'* pb ii^j^ crbow^ ^`iom…apb\,
DIDLOKN 2- Jjqdhd`ioj nj]m` pi\ `gdkn`, K^ cfdro^ 03-4 jrbpqo^ rk^bifmpbab b`r^`fŽk `^oqbpf^k^s0
- \0 * v1 . ]! < 0+X alp `fo`rkcbobk`f^p `lk`‹kqof,`^p ab o^aflp \ u ], Di Škdril '( fkaf`^al bk i^ cfdro^ pb ii^j^ \ijh\g…\ `s^„i+omd^\l pfjmibjbkqb ƒibpgj `s^„iomd^j, DpqŠobi^`flk^al `lk i^p `lloabk^a^p &s*u(ab rk mrkql ab i^ bifmpbmlo i^p b`r^`flkbp
s < \ `lp '(+ t < \m_h` +
/-) @ƒg^pgj^ji api^dji`n q`^ojmd\g`n
Br^kal ` s^oŒ bk rk fkqbos^il ab ^jmifqra 100+ bi `loobpmlkafbkqb mrkql %r)u(abp`of_b i^ bifmpb-Rf `lkpfabo^jlp ` `ljl crk`fŽk abi qfbjml o*mlo bgbjmilgL < `%n&)qbkbjlp rk jlsfjfbkql a^al mlo i^ crk`fŽk mlpf`fŽk
m&o'< \ ^jna&o'd * ]n`ia&o'e,
Rf K < ^jo* alkab ^j bp rk^ `lkpq^kqb mlpfqfs^+bi sb`qlo sbil`fa^a+ i^ sbil`fa^a v bisb`qlo ^`bibo^`fŽk plk
q&o'< q%+\ pbkojo c* ] `lp jdod&)
\&o' < ,s1'^`lp icn c* ]n`iroe' < +r0m&o',
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Be`m^d^djn /-0
^( Rf bf sb`qlo sbil`fa^a bp `lkpq^kqb+ i^ `ros^ bp mi^k^-_( Rf i^ sbil`fa^a bp `lkpq^kqb+ i^ `ros^ bp mi^k^-b( Rf bi sb`qlo ^`bibo^`fŽk bp `lkpq^kqb+ i^- `ros^ bp mi^k^-a( Rf bi sb`qlo sbil`fa^a bp mbombkaf`ri^o ^i sb`qlo ^`bibo^`fŽk+ i^ `ros^ bp mi^k^-
0/- Tk^ m^oqŒ`ri^ ab j^p^ rkfa^a `lk sb`qlo mlpf`fŽk l%n&bk bi fkpq^kqb o pb jrbsb bkbi bpm^`fl _^gl i^ ^``fŽk ab `fboq^p crbow^p-^( Cbjlpqo^o nrb o u \ < N Œjmif`^ o u q < `* pfbkal ` rk sb`qlo `lkp`^kqb-_( Rf o u Te < `* alkab ` bp rk sb`qlo `lkpq^kqb+ abjlpqo^o nrb bi jlsfjfbkql pbob^ifw^ bk rk mi^kl- Blkpfabo^o ` x N X ` < N-`( Rf i^ crbow^ obpriq^kqb nrb ^`q•^ pl_ob i^ m^oqŒ`ri^ bpqŠ pfbjmob afofdfa^ e^`f^ bilofdbk+ abjlpqo^o nrb i^ m^oqŒ`ri^ pb jrbsb bk rk mi^kl-a( ƒDi molar`ql o u q bp kb`bp^of^jbkqb `lkpq^kqb pf rk^ m^oqŒ`ri^ pb jrbsb bk rkmi^kl>
00- Tk^ m^oqŒ`ri^pb jrbsb ^ il i^odl ab rk^ `ros^ ab q^i j^kbo^ nrb bi sb`qlo sbil`fa^acloj^ rk Škdril `lkpq^kqb `lk rk sb`qlo rkfq^ofl a^al ^,^( Rf i^ `ros^ bpqŠ bk rk mi^kl nrb `lkqbkd^ `* abjlpqo^o nrb bi sb`qlo ^`bibo^`fŽk bi=+`bol l bp m^o^ibil ^i sb`qlo sbil`fa^a-_( C^o rk bgbjmil ab rk^ q^i `ros^ 'kl mi^k^( m^o^ i^ nrb bi sb`qlo ^`bibo^`fŽk krk`^bp `bol kf m^o^ibil ^i sb`qlo sbil`fa^a-
01- Tk^ m^oqŒ`ri^ pb jrbsb ^ il i^odl ab i^ bifmpb 1s0 * v1 < 0 `lk sb`qlo ab mlpf`fŽkm&o'<a&o'9* b&o'e,Di jlsfjfbkql bp q^i nrb bi `ljmlkbkqb elofwlkq^i abi sb`qlo sb,il`fa^a bk bi fkpq^kqb o bp *a%n&+^( voa jrbsb i^ m^oqŒ`ri^pl_ob i^ bifmpb bk afob``fŽk ^ c^slo l `lkqo^of^ ^ i^p ^drg^pabi obilg>_( Cbjlpqo^o nrb bi `ljmlkbkqb sboqf`^i abi sb`qlo sbil`fa^a bk bi fkpq^kqb o bp mol,mlo`flk^i ^ `%n&v e^ii^o bi c^`qlo ab molmlo`flk^ifa^a-b( ƒBrŠkql qfbjml pb kb`bpfq^ m^o^ nrb i^ m^oqŒ`ri^ob`loo^ rk^ sbw i^ bifmpb>
02- Tk^ `ros^ mi^k^ b bk bi mofjbo `r^ao^kqb qfbkb mbkafbkqb kbd^qfs^ bk `^a^ rkl ab prpmrkqlp v m^p^ mlo bi mrkql 'i+ 0(- Di sb`qlo mlpf`fŽk o nrb rkb bi lofdbk `lk rk mrkql`r^inrfbo^ %r)u( ab a cloj^ rk Škdril L `lk c)u bi sb`qlo sbil`fa^a cloj^ rk Škdr,il 0= `lk o*pfbkal N ; K ; d/Q*v N ; 9j ; /Q, Rf 2 q^k 9j < 3 `lq `& bk `^a^ mrkql aba+ e^ii^o i^ b`r^`fŽk `^oqbpf^k^ ab a u af_rg^o i^ `ros^-
03- Tk^ ob`q^ mbombkaf`ri^o ^ i^ ob`q^ q^kdbkqb ^ rk^ `ros^ mi^k^ pb ii^j^ ob`q^ kloj^i-Rf bk `^a^ mrkql ab rk^ `fboq^ `ros^ mi^k^ a pb qo^w^k i^ kloj^i u rk^ ob`q^ sboqf`^i+bp^p alp ob`q^p fkqbo`bmq^k pl_ob bi bgb s rk pbdjbkql ab ilkdfqra 1- G^ii^o i^ b`r^`fŽk`^oqbpf^k^ ab bp^ `ros^ pf m^p^ mlo bi mrkql '0+1(- Rlk mlpf_ibp alp plir`flkbp-
04- C^alp alp sb`qlobp cfglp kl krilp = v > nrb cloj^k rk Škdril K) pfbkal N ; K ;9 .P+
Tk jlsfjfbkql `lk sb`qlo ab mlpf`fŽk l%n&bk bi fkpq^kqb o*p^qfpc^`b i^ b`r^`fŽk af,cbobk`f^i
l$%n&< = u l%n&
v i^ `lkaf`fŽk fkf`f^i obN( < >+^( Cbjlpqo^o nrb bi sb`qlo ^`bibo^`fŽk [%n&bp loqldlk^i ^ =+_( Cbjlpqo^o nrb i^ sbil`fa^a bp `lkpq^kqb v `^i`ri^oi^ bk crk`fŽk ab =) > X K+`( Cf_rg^o i^ `ros^+ jlpqo^kal pr obi^`fŽk `lk ilp sb`qlobp = v >+
05- Dpqb bgbo`f`fl abp`of_b `Žjl bi sb`qlo rkfq^ofl q^kdbkqb v i^ kloj^i mofk`fm^i nrba^k^cb`q^alp mlo rk `^j_fl ab m^oŠjbqol- Rrmlkd^jlp nrb rk^ `ros^ b bpqŠ abp`ofq^ mloalp crk`flkbp bnrfs^ibkqbp W b X+ pfbkal U%n&< TWo%n&Y+Cbpfdkbjlp i^ q^kdbkqb rkf,q^of^ `loobpmlkafbkqb ^ W `lk bi pŒj_lil Qu v i^ `loobpmlkafbkqb ^ W mlo Qt,
^( Cbjlpqo^o nrb bk `^a^ mrkql ab b qbkbjlp Ps%n&< PrWo%n&Ypf o bp bpqof`q^jbkqb`ob`fbkqb+ mbol pf o bp bpqof`q^jbkqb ab`ob`fbkqb bkqlk`bp Ps%n&<, PrWo%n&Y+Dk bi
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mofjbo `^pl+ pb af`b nrb p ^jin`mq\ g\ jmd`io\^d4i9 bk bi pbdrkal `^pl+ p diqd`mo`g\jmd`io\^d‡i,_( Ool_^o nrb ilp `loobpmlkafbkqbp sb`qlobp kloj^ibp mofk`fm^ibp Kz v Kq p^qfpc^`bkJs%n&< JrWo%n&Y bk `^a^ mrkql ab B- Cbar`fo nrb bi mi^kl lp`ri^alo bp fks^of^kqbcobkqb ^ rk `^j_fl ab m^oŠjbqol-
03-0/ Cbcfkf`fŽk ab ilkdfqra ab rk ^o`l
Dk afsbop^p m^oqbp abi BŠi`ril v ab i^ FbljbqoŒ^ ^k^iŒqf`^ pb e^`b obcb,obk`f^ ^ i^ ilkdfqra ab rk ^o`l ab `ros^- @kqbp ab mlabo bpqraf^o i^p molmfb,a^abp ab i^ ilkdfqra ab rk^ `ros^ bp mob`fpl a^o rk^ _`adid^d‡i ab ilkdfqra abrk ^o`l- Di molmŽpfql ab bpqb ^m^oq^al bp clojri^o bpq^ abcfkf`fŽk- Dpq^ iibs^oŠab• j^kbo^ k^qro^i ^ i^ `lkpqor``fŽk ab rk^ crk`fŽk 'ii^j^a^ crk`fŽk ilkdfqraab ^o`l( nrb jfa^ i^ ilkdfqra ab i^ qo^vb`qlof^ abp`ofq^ mlo rk^ m^oqŒ`ri^ jŽsfibk `^a^ fkpq^kqb ab pr jlsfjfbkql- @idrk^p ab i^p molmfba^abp crka^jbkq^ibpab bpq^ crk`fŽk pb bpqraf^k bk i^ pb``fŽk 03-01- Dk m^oqf`ri^o+ pb mol_^oŠ nrbm^o^ i^ j^vlo m^oqb ab i^p `ros^p nrb pb mobpbkq^k bk i^ moŠ`qf`^ bpq^ crk`fŽk pbmrbab bumobp^o `ljl i^ fkqbdo^i ab i^ sbil`fa^a-
O^o^ iibd^o^ rk^ abcfkf`fŽk ab il nrb pb bkqfbkab mlo ilkdfqra ab rk^`ros^+ pb mol`bab `ljl pf pb er_fbo^ ab jbafo bpq^ ilkdfqra `lk rk^ obdi^ do^,ar^a^- Dk mofjbo ird^o pb pb•^i^k bk i^ `ros^ rklp `r^kqlp mrkqlp nrb pbqlj^k `ljl s‹oqf`bp ab rk mliŒdlkl fkp`ofql 'bk i^ cfd- 03-01 pb a^ rk bgbjmil(+irbdl pb jfab i^ ilkdfqra qlq^i ab bpq^ mlifdlk^i `lk i^ obdi^ do^ar^a^ v pb`lkpfabo^ ‹pq^ `ljl rk^ ^molufj^`fŽk ab i^ ilkdfqra ab i^ `ros^- Rb l_pbos^nrb ^idrklp mliŒdlklp ~^molufj^k‚ i^ `ros^ jbglo nrb lqolp- Dk m^oqf`ri^o+ pfpb bjmfbw^ mlo rk mliŒdlkl LE v pb `lkpqorvb rk krbsl mliŒdlkl fkp`ofql L0
^•^afbkal krbslp s‹oqf`bp ^ ilp ab LE bp k^qro^i nrb i^ ilkdfqra ab L0 pb^ j^vlonrb i^ ab LE) q^i `ljl pb sb bk i^ cfdro^ 03-02- Cb i^ jfpj^ j^kbo^ pb mrbabkfo cloj^kal q^kqlp mliŒdlklp `ljl pb nrfbo^ `lk ilkdfqrabp `^a^ sbw j^vlobp-
Olo lqo^ m^oqb+fkqrfqfs^jbkqb pb l_pbos^ nrb i^ ilkdfqra ab `^a^ mliŒdlklfkp`ofql kl ab_b bu`babo ^ i^ ab i^ `ros^ 'mrbpql nrb bi pbdjbkql ab ob`q^ bpi^ qo^vb`qlof^ jŠp `loq^ bkqob alp mrkqlp(- Dp ab`fo+ bi k•jbol nrb pb qlj^mlo abcfkf`fŽk `ljl ilkdfqra ab rk^ `ros^+ e^ ab pbo rk^ ^jo\ npk`mdjmab i^pilkdfqrabp ab qlalp ilp mliŒdlklp fkp`ofqlp- Olo q^kql+ m^ob`b k^qro^i abcfkfo i^ilkdfqra ab rk^ `ros^ `ljl bi `som`hj npk`mdjmab i^p ilkdfqrabp ab qlalp ilpmlpf_ibp mliŒdlklp fkp`ofqlp-
Dk i^ j^vlo m^oqb ab `ros^p nrb pb mobpbkq^k bk i^ moŠ`qf`^+ bpq^ abcfkf`fŽk&bp •qfi v _^pq^ m^o^ ^pfdk^o rk^ ilkdfqra ^ i^ `ros^- Rfk bj_^odl+ bp plomobk,abkqb nrb bufpq^k `fboqlp `^plp m^qliŽdf`lp bk ilp nrb bpq^ abcfkf`fŽk kl bp ^mif,`^_ib- G^v `ros^p m^o^ i^p `r^ibp kl e^v buqobjl prmboflo ab i^p ilkdfqrabpab ilp mliŒdlklp fkp`ofqlp- 'Dk bi bgbo`f`fl 11 ab i^ pb``fŽk 03-02 pb a^ rk bgbjmil(-Olo q^kql+ pb e^`b mob`fpl `i^pfcf`^o i^p `ros^p bk alp `^qbdloŒ^p+i^p nrb qfbkbk
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EHFTQ@ 03-01 @pmq\^ji pi\kjgdbji\g din^mdo\,
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RCMPCK? 03-0/- P`\ ..&/' `g q`^ojm q`gj^d_\_ _` g\ ^pmq\ ^ji q`^ojm kjnd+^d‡i mdoZt n`\ ^&o' < Ghr'p(00g\ q`gj^d_\_, Pd q `n ^jiodip\ `i X\*]Z* g\ ^pmq\ `nm`^odad^\]g t np gjibdop_ >&\*]' n\odna\^` g\ _`ndbp\g_\_
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m^o^ qla^p i^p m^oqf`flkbp O+v mlo q^kql bi k•jbol `wp%n&_o bp rk^ `lq^ prmbofloabi `lkgrkql ab qlalp ilp k•jbolp 00R'N(G-Dpql abjrbpqo^ nrb i^ `ros^ bp ob`qfcf,`^_ib v ^i jfpjl qfbjml pb sb nrb i^ ilkdfqra =%[) \& kl mrbab bu`babo ^ i^ fkqb,do^i ab i^ sbil`fa^a-
LŠp ^abi^kqb pb abjlpqo^oŠ nrb i^ abpfdr^ia^a '03-01( bp+ bk bcb`ql+ rk^dbp\g_\_, O^o^ biil pb qbkaoŠ nrb e^`bo rpl ab i^ \_dodqd_\_ ab i^ ilkdfqra abrk ^o`l+ molmfba^a nrb pb bpqraf^oŠ bk bi moŽufjl ^m^oq^al-
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alkab i^ •iqfj^ fdr^ia^a bp `lkpb`rbk`f^ ab i^ ^afqfsfa^a- Orbpql nrb @'o+ S ƒ N+nrba^ abjlpqo^al '03-04(-
@ `lkqfkr^`fŽk pb abjlpqo^oŠ nrb i^ crk`fŽk p qfbkb rk^ abofs^a^ bk `^a^mrkql fkqboflo abi fkqbos^il m^o^j‹qof`l u nrb bpq^ abofs^a^ bp fdr^i ^ i^ sbil`fa^aab i^ m^oqŒ`ri^-
RCMPCK? 03-02- P`\i n g\ api^d‡i gjibdop_ _` \m^j \nj^d\_\ \ pi\ ^pmq\t q&o' g\ q`gj^d_\_ `i `g od`hkj o, Pdq `n ^jiodip\ `i X\* ]Z* `ioji^`n g\ _`mdq\_\n%&o'sdno` k\m\ ^\_\ o _` n\* ]Z V qd`i` _\_\ kjm g\ a‡mhpg\
'03-05( n%&o'< q&o',
A`hjnom\^dƒi* Cbcfk^jlp aR' < Iz q&p' _pj R^_bjlp nrb a%R'< qvo' bksfoqra abi mofjbo qblobj^ crka^jbkq^i abi BŠi`ril- Cbjlpqo^objlp nrb m$%n&<p%n&+
@ q^i cfk cloj^jlp bi `l`fbkqb ab afcbobk`f^p
'03-06( 0H m&o* cx + m&o' ..+
Rrmlkd^jlp mofjbol nrb b = k- Di pbdjbkql ab ob`q^ nrb rkb ilp mrkqlp m&o'um&o* b& mrbab `lkpfabo^opb `ljl rk^ mlifdlk^i nrb ^molufj^ bi ^o`l nrb rkbbplp alp mrkqlp- Olo `lkpfdrfbkqb+ bk sfoqra ab '03-00(+ qbkbjlp
yym&o* c' + m&o'00 99p:>&o*o * c' < n&o* c' + n&o',
@mif`^kal bpqb obpriq^al bk '03-06( grkql `lk i^ abpfdr^ia^a '03-01( abi qblobj^03-0/ l_qbkbjlp
.X m&o* cx + m&o'0[ 99p:n&o* cx + n&o' 99p:z aocS&R' _p ;e&o * cx + e&o',
543 @ƒg^pgj ^ji api^dji`n q`^ojmd\g`n
Tk o^wlk^jfbkql ^kŠildl morb_^ nrb bpq^p abpfdr^ia^abp q^j_f‹k plk sŠifa^pm^o^ c ; l- Rf e^`bjlp c x N+bi `l`fbkqb ab afcbobk`f^p ab i^ fwnrfboa^ qfbkab^ Zo&'w(00< q&o' v bi ab i^ abob`e^ qfbkab ^ a%&o'< q&o', Qbpriq^ ab bpql nrb bi`l`fbkqb Xn&o* c' + n&o'Z- c q^j_f‹k qfbkab ^ q&o', Obol bpql pfdkfcf`^ nrb n%&o'bufpqbu bp fdr^i ^ p%n&) ljl pb nrboŒ abjlpqo^o-
Di qblobj^ 03-02 bpqŠab ^`rboal `lk krbpqo^ kl`fŽk fkqrfqfs^ ab sbil`fa^a`ljl i^ afpq^k`f^ ob`loofa^ mlo rkfa^a ab qfbjml aro^kqb bi jlsfjfbkql-
Tqfifw^kal '03-05( grkql `lk bi pbdrkal qblobj^ crka^jbkq^i abi BŠi`ril+mlabjlp `^i`ri^o i^ ilkdfqra abi ^o`l fkqbdo^kal i^ sbil`fa^a- @pŒmrbp+bi `^jfklob`loofal mlo rk^ m^oqŒ`ri aro^kqb rk fkqbos^il ab qfbjml Xo/< o0Z bp
Go0 Go0
n&o0'+ n&o/' < p&'o(_o < q&o'_o ,o* o*
Dk m^oqf`ri^o+ r^kal n)< [ v ny < \) l_qbkbjlp mlo i^ ilkdfqra abi ^o`l i^pfdrfbkqb fkqbdo^i9
>&\* ]' <aq&o' _o,
DIDLOKN 0- Ijibdop_ _` pi \m^j _` ^dm^pia`m`i^d\, O^o^ `^i`ri^o i^ ilk,dfqra ab rk ^o`l ab `fo`rkcbobk`f^ ab o^afl \* mlabjlp fj^dfk^o rk^ m^oqŒ`ri^jŽsfi ^ il i^odl ab i^ `fo`rkcbobk`f^ ab ^`rboal `lk i^ b`r^`fŽk l%n&< [ `lp od(( \ pbk og- Di sb`qlo sbil`fa^a bp q&o'< , \ pbk od * \ `lp od Xi^ sbil`fa^a bpp%n&< [+ Hkqbdo^kali^ sbil`fa^a bk rk fkqbos^il ab ilkdfqra %F)bk`lkqo^jlp nrbi^ ilkdfqra abi ^o`l abp`ofql bp [%F+Cf`el ab lqol jlal+ i^ ilkdfqra ab rk ^o`lab ‹fo`rkcbobk`f^ bp molmlo`flk^i ^i Škdril `loobpmlkafbkqb: i^ `lkpq^kqb ab mol,mlo`flk^ifa^a bp bi o^afl ab i^ `fo`rkcbobk`f^- O^o^ rk^ `fo`rkcbobk`f^ rkfa^aqbkbjlp \ < 0+ X i^ ilkdfqra abi ^o`l bp bu^`q^jbkqb fdr^i ^i Škdril jbafal-
DIDLOKN 1- Ijibdop_ _` g\ bmƒad^\ _` pi\ api^d‡i m`\g, K^ doŠcf`^ab rk^crk`fŽk ob^i ` abcfkfa^ bk rk fkqbos^il W[)\Y mrbab `lkpfabo^opb `ljl rk^ `ros^`lk sb`qlo mlpf`fŽk l%n&a^al mlo
Q&o' < od* e&o'e ,
Di sb`qlo sbil`fa^a `loobpmlkafbkqb bp q&o'< d * e%&o'e*v i^ sbil`fa^a bp
q&o' < 00q&o'00 < UH * Xa%&o~'0,
Ad_l]c]cim 544
Olo `lkpfdrfbkqb+ i^ ilkdfqra ab i^ doŠcf`^ ab ` bk rk fkqbos^il W[)rY sfbkb a^a^mlo i^ fkqbdo^i
&/2,/6' n&s'<F8q&o'_o <F8UH* Xa%&o'Z0_o ,
),&)+ :WR_PVPV\`
Dk ilp bgbo`f`flp abi 0 ^i 8+ e^ii^o i^ ilkdfqra abi `^jfkl abp`ofql mlo rk^ -m^oqŒ`ri^jŽsfi pl_ob rk^ `ros^ ab ^`rboal `lk i^ b`r^`fŽk a^a^+ aro^kqb bi fkqbos^il ab qfbjmlnrb bk `^a^ `^pl pb bpmb`fcf`^-0- m&o'< \&/ + `lp o'd * \&o + pbk o'e* N z o x /.P) \ = N-0, m&o'< _f `lp od * _f pbk od* N z o x 1-
1, m&o'< ^'`lp o * opbk o'd * ^'pbk o + o `lp o'e* N z o x /.P) \ = N-
b1 b1
2, m&o'< ,,{: `lp! od * !]n`i1 od) M y o x /.P) b1 < \0+ ]0
* M ; ] ; \,
3, m&o'< ^'pbke o + o'd * ^'`lpe o + G(f+ N z o x Q* \ = N-
4, m&o'< pbk od * of * '0 , `lp o'f 'N z o x /.P&+5, m&o'< od * 1o5 * 4o1f 'N z o x 1(-
6, m&o'< od * ild 'pb` o'e * ild 'pb` o * q^k o'f 'N z o x c.P&+7, m&o'< \ `lp ^jo c * \ n`iroe * ]rf &ojx n w nE&$
0/- G^ii^o rk^ fkqbdo^i m^ob`fa^ ^ i^ ab /3-07( m^o^ i^ ilkdfqra ab i^ doŠcf`^ ab rk^ b`r^,`fŽk ab i^ cloj^ r < c'u(+ qbkfbkal c abofs^a^ `lkqfkr^ bk rk fkqbos^il W_) Y+
00- K^ b`r^`fŽk ab rk^ `ros^ bp v1 < s1Š G^ii^o i^ ilkdfqra abi ^o`l nrb rkb N+ ,0( ^N+ 0(-
01- Clp mrkqlp = v > ab rk `Œo`ril rkfa^a ab `bkqol @ abqbojfk^k bk ‹i rk pb`qlo `fo`ri^o=@>+ Ool_^o nrb i^ ilkdfqra abi ^o`l => bp fdr^i ^ alp sb`bp bi Šob^ abi pb`qlo-
02- Dpq^_ib`bo fkqbdo^ibp m^o^ i^p ilkdfqrabp ab i^p `ros^p `rv^p b`r^`flkbp plk^( v < #F) N 99:s 8890: _( s < o * ild n)X < o[+ ild o*0 99:o 889 , Ool_^o nrb i^ pbdrka^ilkdfqra bp bi molar`ql ab i^ mofjbo^ mlo T 1 -
03- ^( Dpq^_ib`bo i^ fkqbdo^i nrb a^ i^ ilkdfqra ab i^ `ros^ v < b `lpe %r,_& abpab r < N^ r < [ %[ = N _ = N(-_( Ool_^o nrb bi molar`ql ab i^ ilkdfqra ab bpq^ `ros^ mlo ` bp fdr^i ^i Šob^ ab i^obdfŽk ifjfq^a^ mlo v < ha `lpe %r,_&) bi bgb r) bi bgb v v i^ ob`q^ r < [+`( B^i`ri^o bpq^ fkqbdo^i v e^ii^o i^ ilkdfqra ab i^ `ros^ `r^kal \ < 1-
04- Cbjlpqo^o nrb i^ ilkdfqra ab i^ `ros^ v < `lpe r nrb rkb ilp mrkqlp 'N+ 0( X %r) `lpe u(bp pbke s pf s = N-
05- Tk^ crk`fŽk kl kbd^qfs^ ` qfbkb i^ molmfba^a ab nrb pr `lkgrkql ab loabk^a^p bk rkfkqbos^il `r^inrfbo^ qfbkb rk Šob^ molmlo`flk^i ^ i^ ilkdfqra abi ^o`l ab i^ doŠcf`^`loobpmlkafbkqb ^i fkqbos^il- G^ii^o `+
06- Tqfifw^kal i^ b`r^`fŽk sb`qlof^i m&-'< \ pbk od* \ `lp odalkab /; \ ; \* mol_^o nrbi^ ilkdfqra H ab rk^ bifmpb bpqŠ a^a^ mlo i^ fkqbdo^i
545 @ƒg^pgj ^ji api^dji`n q`^ojmd\g`n
alkab ` < sf \/ * ]/-\, Di k•jbol ` bp i^ bu`bkqof`fa^a ab i^ bifmpb- Dpqb bp rk `^plm^oqf`ri^o ab rk^ fkqbdo^i ab i^ cloj^9
ii^j^a^ chn_al[f _f•jnc][ ^_ m_aoh^[ ]f[m_) alkab N 999:e ; 0- Klp k•jbolp A%e& bpqŠkq^_ri^alp m^o^ s^oflp s^ilobp ab f,
g?, Rf N ; ] ; 2\* pb^ m&o'< \&o+ pbk o'd* \&g + `lp o'e * ] pbk xo f, Ool_^o nrb i^ilkdfqra ab i^ qo^vb`qlof^ abp`ofq^ abpab o < N e^pq^ o < /$EP bp >[A%e&) alkab A%e& qfbkbbi pfdkfcf`^al a^al bk bi bgbo`f`fl 06 v e/ < 0 , %\,1[&/+
08- Tk^ m^oqŒ`ri^ pb jrbsb `lk sb`qlo mlpf`fŽk
m&o'< o> * o0> * 0&/+o'1-0> t >)
alkab = v > plk alp sb`qlobp rkfq^oflp cfglp nrb cloj^k rk Škdril ab $EP,0 o^af^kbp-B^i`ri^o i^ sbil`fa^a ab i^ m^oqŒ`ri^bk bi fkpq^kqb o v e^ii^o `r^kql qfbjml fksfboqb m^o^abpmi^w^opb rk^ afpq^k`f^ ab 01 rkfa^abp ab ilkdfqra ab ^o`l abpab i^ mlpf`fŽk fkf`f^i,l‚-
1/- ^( Br^kal rk `Œo`ril orba^ 'pfk abpifw^jfbkql( ^ 0/ i^odl ab rk ob`q^+ rk mrkql abi^ `fo`rkcbobk`f^ abp`of_b rk^ `ros^ ii^j^a^ ]c]fic^_+ Rf i^ ob`q^ cfg^ bp bi bgb r v pfbi mrkql jŽsfi %r)u( bpqŠ fkf`f^ijbkqb bk bi lofdbk+ abjlpqo^o nrb `r^kal bi `Œo`rildfo^ rk Škdril L qbkbjlp
r < [%L + pbk L' * t < [%. * `lp nc&)
alkab \ bp bi o^afl abi `Œo`ril- Dp^p plk i^p b`r^`flkbp m^o^j‹qof`^p ab i^ `f`ilfab-_( Qbcfof‹kalpb ^ i^ m^oqb ^(+ abjlpqo^o nrb ^sd^r < ]inni u abar`fo nrb i^ ob`q^q^kdbkqb ^ i^ `f`ilfab bk %r)s&cloj^ rk Škdril x&%gQ*K& `lk bi bgb r+ G^`bo rk doŠcf`lv jlpqo^o nrb i^ ob`q^ q^kdbkqb m^p^ mlo bi mrkql jŠp ^iql ab i^ `fo`rkcbobk`f^+
1 - Rb^ b rk^ `ros^ abp`ofq^ mlo alp crk`flkbp bnrfs^ibkqbp W b U) alkab X'qi < W Wo%n&Ym^o^ ` 999:o 8889+ Rf i^ crk`fŽk p nrb abcfkb bi `^j_fl ab m^oŠjbqol qfbkb abofs^a^ `lk,qfkr^ bk W]) ^Y abjlpqo^o nrb
&R&_' &_
Hqh` EET$%o&ff^o:+E] GGW&'p(h `p+
v abar`fo nrb i^ ilkdfqra ab ^o`l ab b bp fks^of^kqb cobkqb ^ rk q^i `^j_fl ab m^oŠ,jbqol-
11- Blkpfabobjlp i^ `ros^ mi^k^ `rv^ b`r^`fŽk sb`qlof^i bp m&o'< od * a&o'e* alkab
a&o' < o `lp 'co( v o 78:-) a`L' < l-
Blkpfabobjlp i^ pfdrfbkqb m^oqf`fŽk abi fkqbos^il ZN+0\9
M < xl+J+0i x 0 &--- +z+ z+ 0 y -
@pmq\opm\ _` pi\ ^pmq\ 546
Cbjlpqo^o nrb i^ `loobpmlkafbkqb mlifdlk^i fkp`ofq^ $EP%L&qfbkb ilkdfqra
000EM' = 0 * , * , * --- *,
1 2 0i
v abar`fo nrb bp^ `ros^ kl bp ob`qfcf`^_ib-
),&), 8b_cNab_NQRb[N Pb_cN
Dk rk^ ob`q^+bi sb`qlo rkfq^ofl q^kdbkqb Q kl `^j_f^ pr afob``fŽk u mloq^kql P$: N- Rf i^ `ros^ kl bp rk^ iŒkb^ob`q^+i^ abofs^a^ S& jfab i^ qbk,abk`f^ ab i^ q^kdbkqb^ `^j_f^o pr afob``fŽk- Di `lbcf`fbkqb ab s^of^`fŽk l ab,ofs^a^ ab i^ q^kdbkqbrkfq^of^ m`nk`^oj \ g\ gjibdop_ _`g \m^j pb abkljfk^ sb`qlo^pmq\opm\ ab i^ `ros^- Rb abpfdk^ mlo _Q -_n* alkab p obmobpbkqi^ ilkdfqra abi^o`l- K^ obdi^ ab i^ `^abk^ u i^ cŽojri^ m$%n&< p%n&mbojfqbk obi^`flk^o bi sb`qlo`ros^qro^ _Q - _n `lk i^ abofs^a^ Q%obpmb`ql^i qfbjml jbaf^kqb i^ b`r^`fŽk
_Q < _o _Q < \0 Q%&o'< \0 Q&o'_n _n _o p&'o( q&o' ,
Orbpql nrb P%n&< GGR&'p(00J%n&)l_qbkbjlp
'03-08( _Q < 00 P%n&..J%n&)_n q&o'
nrb af`b nrb bi sb`qlo `ros^qro^ qfbkb i^ jfpj^ afob``fŽk nrb i^ kloj^i mofk,`fm^i J%n&+Di c^`qlo bp`^i^o nrb jriqfmif`^ ^ J%n&bk '03-08( bp rk k•jbol klkbd^qfsl ii^j^al ^pmq\opm\ ab i^ `ros^ bk o u pb abpfdk^ mlo H&o'&Hbp i^ ibqo^dofbd^ h^mm^(-@pŒ+i^ `ros^qro^ H&o'abcfkfa^ `ljl i^ gjibdop_ _`g q`^ojm ^pmq\+opm\ bpqŠa^a^ mlo i^ cŽojri^ pfdrfbkqb9
'03-1/( H&o' < 00o'q(00 -, q&o'
DIDLOKN 0- @pmq\opm\ _` pi\ ^dm^pia`m`i^d\, O^o^ rk `Œo`ril ab o^afl \*a^al mlo i^ b`r^`fŽk m&o'< \ `lp od * ] pbk oe* qbkbjlp q&o'< , \ pbk od (( \ `lp oe* q&o' < \* Q&o'< , pbk od * `lp oe* u Q%&o'< ,`lp od + pbk odKrbdl qbkbjlp 0GR&'p(G < 0 ^pŒnrb G%n&< nYy+Dpql morb_^ nrb rk^ `fo`rkcb,obk`f^ qfbkb `ros^qro^ `lkpq^kqb- Di ob`Œmol`lab i^ `ros^qro^ bp bi o^afl ab i^`fo`rkcbobk`f^-
/.1 @ƒg^pgj ^ji api^dji`n q`^ojmd\g`n
Br^kal H&o' x N pr fksbopl pb abkljfk^ m\_dj _` ^pmq\opm\ u pb abpfdk^mlo k&o' 'm bp i^ ibqo^ dofbd^ ol(- K^ `fo`rkcbobk`f^ bk bi mi^kl lp`ri^alo abo^afl k&o' v `bkqol pfqr^al pl_ob i^ kloj^i v e^`f^ bi buqobjl abi sb`qlo `ros^qro^pb ii^j^ ^…m^pgjjn^pg\_jm, Rb mrbab abjlpqo^o nrb bi `Œo`ril lp`ri^alo bp i^ ml,pf`fŽk iŒjfqbab i^p `fo`rkcbobk`f^p nrb m^p^kmlo qobpmrkqlp moŽufjlp ab i^ `ros^`r^kal alp ab ilp mrkqlp pb ^molufj^k ^i qbo`bol- Cb_fal ^ bpq^ molmfba^a pbaf`b nrb bi `Œo`ril lp`ri^alo bp bi `Œo`ril nrb ~jbglo pb ^grpq^ ^ i^ `ros^‚ bk`^a^ rkl ab prp mrkqlp-
DIDLOKN 1- @pmq\opm\ _` pi\ ^pmq\ kg\i\, Dk rk^ `ros^ mi^k^ pb e^sfpql nrb 0GQ%&o'00< hat&'p(h+ alkab GV'p(bp bi Škdril ab fk`ifk^`fŽk abi sb`qlo q^kdbk,qb+pb•^i^al bk i^ cfdro^ 03-00- Orbpql nrb FU%&o'9!!_jg_o < &_FU-_n'&_n-_o' ;S&o'_dUW^m)i^ b`r^`fŽk '03-1/( fjmif`^9
Cf`el ab lqo^ cloj^+ i^ `ros^qro^ ab rk^ `ros^ mi^k^ bp bi s^ilo ^_plirql ab i^abofs^a^ ab '0- obpmb`ql i^ ilkdfqra abi ^o`l-Lfab bi `^j_fl ab afob``fŽk obpmb`qbabi `^jfkl ob`loofal ^ il i^odl ab i^ `ros^-
DIDLOKN 2- @pmq\n kg\i\n _` ^pmq\opm\ ^jino\io`, Rf _\a _n bp rk^ `lkp,q^kqbkl kri^9 _\a _n < \* bkqlk`bp HW < \n * ] alkab ] bp rk^ `lkpq^kqb+v mloq^kql P < `lp %[m* ]'d * pbk &\n * ]'e, Hkqbdo^kal pb qfbkb9m< &g-\' pbk&\n* ]'d + &g-\' `lp &\n * ]'e * >* alkab > bprk sb`qlo `lkpq^kqb-Cb^nrŒobpriq^Ghn, ?GG< h.h]h+bp ab`fo+i^ `ros^ bp rk^ `fo`rkcbobk`f^ 'l rk ^o`lab `fo`rkcbobk`f^( ab `bkqol bk bi buqobjl ab = v o^afl h.h]h-Dpql abjrbpqo^ nrbrk^ `ros^ ab `ros^qro^ `lkpq^kqb G ;/; N bp rk^ `fo`rkcbobk`f^ 'l ^o`l ab `fo`rk,cbobk`f^( ab o^afl f,G+
U^jlp ^elo^ ^ abjlpqo^o rk qblobj^ nrb obi^`flk^ i^ `ros^qro^+ i^ sbil`fa^av i^ ^`bibo^`fŽk-
RCMPCK? 03-03- M\m\ pi hjqdhd`ioj ^p\glpd`m\ ^ji q`^ojm q`gj^d_\_ q&o'*q`gj^d_\_ q&o'*q`^ojm \^`g`m\^d‡i \&o'* u ^pmq\opm\ G%n&)o`i`hjn
'03-10( \&o' < q%&o'Q&o'* H&o'q0&o'K&o',
Bno\ a‡mhpg\* \ np q`u* dhkgd^\
'03-11( |'n( < Gh]'p(t r'MGG-q1&o'
Be`m^d^djn 548
A`hjnom\^d‡i, O^o^ abjlpqo^o '03-10(+ mlkbjlp '03-1/( bk i^ cloj^GGR&'p(00< G%n&R%n&)nrb klp a^ P$%n&< G%n&p%n&J%n&+Rrpqfqrvbkal bpq^ bumobpfŽkab P$%n&bk i^ b`r^`fŽk '03-7(+ l_qbkbjlp '03-10(-
O^o^ abjlpqo^o '03-11(+ clojbjlp bi molar`ql sb`qlof^i \&o' u q&o'* rqfif,w^kal '03-10( m^o^ [%n&v i^ cŽojri^ p%n&< p%n&P%n&m^o^ bi sb`qlo sbil`fa^a- Dpqlklp a^
'03-12( [ t p < p$pP V P * Gp1J V P < Go1J V P
v^ nrb Q W Q < N- Rf `lkpfabo^jlp i^ ilkdfqra ab `^a^ jfbj_ol ab '03-12( ul_pbos^jlp nrb
GGLW RGG< GGLGGGGRGGpbkf6S < 0+
l_qbkbjlp Gh]V ree < GR[) il nrb morb_^ '03-11(-
Dk i^ moŠ`qf`^ obpriq^ jŠp pbk`fiil `^i`ri^o ilp sb`qlobp q v \ 'abofs^kal bisb`qlo mlpf`fŽk l&8 mlo q^kql i^ b`r^`fŽk '03-11( klp molmlo`flk^ rk j‹qlal •qfim^o^ `^i`ri^o i^ `ros^qro^- Dpqb j‹qlal bp loafk^of^jbkqb jŠp pbk`fiil nrb abqbo,jfk^o i^ `ros^qro^ ^ m^oqfoab pr abcfkf`fŽk-
Rf pb qo^q^ ab rk^ iŒkb^ob`q^ pb qfbkb \ u q < N X mlo q^kql i^ `ros^qro^ bp`lkpq^kqbjbkqb `bol- Tk^ `ros^ `lk `ros^qro^ mbnrb•^ bk rk mrkql qfbkb bk bpqbmrkql o^afl ab `ros^qro^ do^kab u bk i^ molufjfa^a ab bpqb mrkql afcfbob ml`lab rk^ iŒkb^ ob`q^- Olo q^kql+ i^ `ros^qro^ bp i^ jbafa^ ab i^ qbkabk`f^ ab rk^`ros^ ^ abpsf^opb ab i^ iŒkb^ ob`q^-
),&)- :WR_PVPV\`
0- Blkpfa‹obkpb i^p `ros^p abp`ofq^p bk ilp bgbo`f`flp abi 0 ^i 5 ab i^ pb``fŽk 03-8 v bk`^a^ `^pl abqbojfk^o i^ `ros^qro^ G%n&m^o^ bi s^ilo fkaf`^al ab n+
1- Tk^ e‹if`b bpqŠ abp`ofq^ mlo i^ crk`fŽk ab mlpf`fŽk m&o'< \ `lp L'o d* \ pbk ^joZ * ]jnof*Cbjlpqo^o nrb qfbkb `ros^qro^ `lkpq^kqb H < [,%[0 * ]0',
2- Clp sb`qlobp rkfq^oflp cfglp = v > cloj^k rk Škdril %F)pfbkal N ; `&; nm*Tk^ m^oqŒ`ri^pb jrbsb pl_ob rk^ `ros^ ^i^_b^a^ ab j^kbo^ nrb pr sb`qlo ab mlpf`fŽk m&o'v bi sb`,qlo sbil`fa^a q&o' bpqŠk obi^`flk^alp mlo i^ b`r^`fŽk q&o' < = V m&o', Rf m`L' < >) ab,jlpqo^o nrb i^ `ros^ qfbkb `ros^qro^ `lkpq^kqb v `^i`ri^oi^ bk crk`fŽk ab K+
3- Tk mrkql pb jrbsb bk bi bpm^`fl pbd•k i^ b`r^`fŽk sb`qlof^i
m&o' < 3 `lp od * 3 pbk od* 3 `lp o e +
^( Ool_^o nrb i^ qo^vb`qlof^ bp rk^ bifmpb v e^ii^o i^ b`r^`fŽk abi mi^kl nrb `lkqfbkbaf`e^ bifmpb-_( Ool_^o nrb bi o^afl ab `ros^qro^ bp k&o' < 1&U w'i ,Œ,pbk!o'1-0,
//) @ƒg^pgj^ji api^dji`n q`^ojmd\g`n
4- O^o^ i^ `ros^ `rv^ b`r^`fŽk sb`qlof^i bp m&o' < `%Z * `m%Z* s1 o =" abjlpqo^o nrb i^
`ros^qro^ bp H&o' < q!d-&`o* `+o'0,
5- ^( O^o^ rk^ `ros^ mi^k^ abp`ofq^ mlo i^ b`r^`fŽk l%n&< r%n&8* s%n&d)abjlpqo^o nrb i^`ros^qro^ sfbkb a^a^ mlo i^ cŽojri^
Er$%n&s!%n&* s$%n&r!%n&0
G%n&< %Wr$%n&Y/* Ws$%n&Y/v0,/
_( Rf rk^ `ros^ mi^k^ qfbkb i^ b`r^`fŽk `^oqbpf^k^ t < x%r&)abjlpqo^o nrb i^ `ros^,qro^ bk bi mrkql %r) x%r| bp
Ed!%r&0xi * Xa%&U'Z0w1-0Š
6- Rf rk mrkql pb jrbsb ab j^kbo^ nrb ilp sb`qlobp sbil`fa^a v ^`bibo^`fŽk qfbkbk pfbj,mob ilkdfqra `lkpq^kqb+ mol_^o nrb i^ `ros^qro^ bp `lkpq^kqb bk qlalp ilp mrkqlp abi`^jfkl- Dumobp^obpq^ `lkpq^kqb mlo jbafl ab Gh]hhv Hhrhh-
7- Rf alp `ros^p ab b`r^`flkbp `^oqbpf^k^p t < x%r& b v < a%r& plk q^kdbkqbp bk bi mrkql%[) \& v qfbkbk i^ jfpj^ `ros^qro^ bk bpqb mrkql mol_^o nrb EE!%[&.:fa!%[&f+
8- O^o^ `fboqlp s^ilobp ab i^p `lkpq^kqbp \ v \) i^p alp `ros^p ab b`r^`flkbp `^oqbpf^k^pv < [r%\ * r& v %r * /&s < r pb `loq^k pli^jbkqb bk rk mrkql O+ qfbkbk rk^ ob`q^q^kdbkqb `lj•k bk O+ v i^ jfpj^ `ros^qro^ bk O-^( G^ii^o qlalp ilp \ v ] nrb p^qfpc^`bk qla^p bp^p `lkaf`flkbp-_( O^o^ `^a^ bib``fŽk mlpf_ib ab \ u \ nrb p^qfpc^d^k i^p `lkaf`flkbp a^a^p+ `lkpqorfork doŠcf`l ab i^p alp `ros^p- Llpqo^o ab nr‹ j^kbo^ pb `loq^k bk L+
0/- ^( Cbjlpqo^o nrb bk bi s‹oqf`b ab rk^ m^oŠ_li^ bi o^afl ab `ros^qro^ ^i`^kw^ pr s^ilojŒkfjl-_( C^alp alp sb`qlobp rkfq^oflp cfglp = v > nrb cloj^k rk Škdril %d)pfbkal N ; %d; 6S-
K^ `ros^ `lk sb`qlo mlpf`fŽk m&o'< f= * .0> bp rk^ m^oŠ_li^ pfqr^a^ bk bi mi^kldbkbo^al mlo = v >+ Cbqbojfk^o 'bk crk`fŽk ab =) > X &e' bi sb`qlo mlpf`fŽk abi s‹oqf`bab bp^ m^oŠ_li^- Orbab rqfifw^opb i^ molmfba^a ab i^ m^oŠ_li^ bpq^_ib`fa^ bk i^ m^oqb ^(-
00- Tk^ m^oqŒ`ri^pb jrbsb ^ il i^odl ab rk^ `ros^ mi^k^ `lk sbil`fa^a `lkpq^kqb fdr^i^ 4- R^ib abi lofdbk bk bi fkpq^kqb 0 < N `lk sbil`fa^a fkf`f^i 3e* v krk`^ m^p^ ^ i^fwnrfboa^ abi bgb s+ Dk qlal jljbkql i^ `ros^qro^ abi `^jfkl bp E_%n&< /n+ Cbpfdkbjlp`lk [%n& bi Škdril nrb cloj^ bi sb`qlo sbil`fa^a `lk bi bgb s mlpfqfsl bk bi fkpq^kqb o,^( Cbqbojfk^o bumiŒ`fq^jbkqb \&o' `ljl crk`fŽk ab i-_( Cbqbojfk^o bi sb`qlo sbil`fa^a q&o' bk crk`fŽk ab dv g-
01- Tk^ m^oqŒ`ri^pb jrbsb ^ il i^odl ab rk^ `ros^ mi^k^ `lk sbil`fa^a `lkpq^kqb fdr^i^ 1- Di jlsfjfbkql bjmfbw^ bk bi lofdbk `r^kal 0 < N X bi sb`qlo sbil`fa^a fkf`f^ip_K& bp 1:- Rb p^_b nrb bk `^a^ fkpq^kqb i^ `ros^qro^ bp E_%n&< 30- G^ii^o bi sb`qlo sbil,
`fa^a `r^kal 0 < qv&:pf i^ `ros^ k^ bpqŠ krk`^ ab_^gl abi bgb s,
),&). ?\` cRPa\_R cRY\PVQNQe NPRYR_NPVp[R[ P\\_QR[NQN]\YN_R`
@ sb`bp bp jŠp k^qro^i abp`of_fo ilp mrkqlp ab rk^ `ros^ mi^k^ bk `lloabk^,a^p mli^obp nrb bk `lloabk^a^p ob`q^kdri^obp-Orbpql nrb i^p `lloabk^a^p ob`q^k,drH^obp%r)s& bpqŠkifd^a^p ^ i^p mli^obp l u _ mlo i^p b`r^`flkbp
r < l `lp ` * t < l pbk` *
Ijn q`^ojm`n q`gj^d_\_ v \^`g`m\^d‡i `i ^jjm_`i\_\n kjg\m`n 44/
n< sd * te
G
8 t < mpbk `&) &`&&&&`&`&``&
`& s < oblp `&0 s
t
j s
EHFTQ@ 03-04 @jjm_`i\_\n kjg\m`n, EHFTQ@ 03-05 Ijn q`^ojm`n pido\mdjnp* v ..-$
bi sb`qlo ab mlpf`fŽk m < sd * te nrb rkb bi lofdbk `lk 'u+ u( sfbkb a^al mlo
m < m`lp ` d* mpbk` d < m&lp ` d * pbk ` g( +
pfbkal l < Ghnhh-Dk i^ cfdro^ 03-04 pb ^mob`f^bp^ obi^`fŽk-Di sb`qlo `lp ` d* pbk `&d bp rk sb`qlo ab ilkdfqra rkfa^a nrb qfbkb i^
jfpj^ afob``fŽk nrb m, Dpqbsb`qlo rkfq^ofl pb abpfdk^ `loofbkqbjbkqb mlo p9 X i^b`r^`fŽk ^kqboflo pb bp`of_b ^pŒ9
alkab QQ < BNR `&d* pbk `e,
Blksfbkb q^j_f‹k fkqolar`fo rk sb`qlo rkfq^ofl pj% mbombkaf`ri^o ^ pQ% nrb pbabcfkb `ljl pfdrb9
^QQ ` , `& †Qi < , < ,pbk . * `lp F+
JK
N_pbosbpbnrb qbkbjlp
_pj < ,`lp ` c* pbkbg < *QP
†
JK
Dk bi bpqrafl ab i^p `ros^p mi^k^p+ilp alp sb`qlobp rkfq^oflp QQ X Qj abpbjmb•^kbi jfpjl m^mbibk `lloabk^a^p mli^obp nrb ilp sb`qlobp rkfq^oflp cv d bk `lloab,
//+ @ƒg^pgj ^ji api^dji`n q`^ojmd\g`n
k^a^p ob`q^kdri^obp-K^ cfdro^ 03-05 jrbpqo^ ilp sb`qlobp rkfq^oflp p9 v p6 ifd^alp^ i^ `ros^+ bk ^idrkl ab prp mrkqlp-
Rrmlkd^jlp ^elo^ nrb i^p `lloabk^a^p mli^obp l v ` plk crk`flkbp ab o*mlo bgbjmil l < `%n&)%&< a%n&+Cbar`fobjlp cŽojri^p m^o^ bumobp^oilp sb`qlobpsbil`fa^a v ^`bibo^`fŽk bk crk`fŽk ab p*v p6Š O^o^bi sb`qlo ab mlpf`fŽk+qbkbjlp
m < mRm< a&o'pm ,
Orbpql nrb ` abmbkab abi m^oŠjbqol o*il jfpjl ib l`roob ^i sb`qlo rkfq^ofl p*v e^v nrb qbkboil bk `rbkq^ `r^kal pb `^i`ri^ bi sb`qlo sbil`fa^a- @pŒmrbp qb,kbjlp
_m _&mpm' _m _p9q < , < ,, < , Qm* m+ ,
_o _o _o _o
Tqfifw^kal i^ obdi^ ab i^ `^abk^+ mlabjlp bumobp^o _p,d_o bk crk`fŽk ab p6
bp`of_fbkal
'03-13(_p* _` _p9 _`+;++;+R6%_o _o _` _o
v i^ b`r^`fŽk m^o^bi sb`qlo sbil`fa^a pb `lksfboqb bk
'03-14(_m _L
q;+p)m+p,_o n _o 6
Klp c^`qlobp bp`^i^obp _m-_o v m_†o_o nrb jriqfmif`^k ^ p9 u p6 pb ii^j^k+obpmb`qfs^jbkqb+^jhkji`io`n m\_d\g u om\inq`mn\g abi sb`qlo sbil`fa^a-
Orbpql nrb p9 v p6 plk sb`qlobp rkfq^oflp loqldlk^ibp+ bk`lkqo^jlp nrb
&_mY0 &_LV
q , q < _m- * m_o F $
`lk il nrb i^ sbil`fa^a q sfbkb a^a^ mlo i^ cŽojri^
G&_m'0 &_`'0q< , * m+ ,_o _o
Cbofs^kal ^j_lp jfbj_olp ab '03-14(+ bk`lkqo^jlp nrb bi sb`qlo ^`bibo^,`fŽk qfbkb i^ bumobpfŽkpfdrfbkqb
\ < &_0mp _m_Rm' * &m_
0` p * _m _` R6 * m_` _R6'
_o0 n * _o _o _o0 7 _o _o _o _o
Jjqdhd`ioj kg\ij ^ji \^`g`m\^d‡i m\_d\g 552
K^ abofs^a^ _pmg_omrbab bumobp^opbbk crk`fŽk ab Qj mlo jbafl '03-13(- @kŠil,d^jbkqb mlabjlp bumobp^oi^ abofs^a^ ab Qj mlo i^ b`r^`fŽk
_pj _` _pj _`,<,,< ++Rmj
_o _o _` _o
Dpql klp iibs^ ^ i^ pfdrfbkqbcŽojri^ nrb bumobp [ bk crk`fŽk ab prp `ljmlkbkqbpo^af^i u qo^kpsbop^i9
'03-15( \ < &_0m [ m&_`Y0'p * &m_
0` * 1 _m _`'pj,
_o0 _o F$ _o0 _o _o
Br^kal %d< o*i^ `ros^ mrbab abp`of_fopbjbaf^kqb i^ b`r^`fŽk mli^o l < a`L',Dk bpqb`^pl+ i^p cŽojri^p m^o^ i^ sbil`fa^a+ v ilp sb`qlobp sbil`fa^a v ^`bibo^,`fŽk pb pfjmifcf`^k `lkpfabo^_ibjbkqb+ v l_qbkbjlp
_mq < , p* * mpj*JK
),&)/ @\cVZVR[a\]YN[\ P\[ NPRYR_NPVp[_NQVNY
Di sb`qlo ^`bibo^`fŽk pb ii^j^ m\_d\g pf bi `ljmlkbkqb qo^kpsbop^ibk i^ fdr^i,a^a '03-15( bp pfbjmob `bol- Dpqb`ljmlkbkqb bp fdr^i ^
Olo `lkpfdrfbkqb+ bi sb`qlo ^`bibo^`fŽk bp o^af^i pf v pŽil pf l0 _ &eF_o bp `lkpq^kqb-Di jlsfjfbkql mi^kl `lk ^`bibo^`fŽk o^af^i qfbkb rk^ fkqbomobq^`fŽkdblj‹,
qof`^ fkqbobp^kqbbk crk`fŽk abi Šob^- Cbpfdkbjlp `lk =%n&bi Šob^ ab i^ obdfŽk_^oofa^ mlo bi sb`qlo mlpf`fŽk bkqobrk fkpq^kqbo < [ u rk fkpq^kqbmlpqbofloo,Dk i^ cfdro^ 03-06 i^ obdfŽkplj_ob^a^ bp rk bgbjmil- Cbjlpqo^objlp nrb bi `lb,cf`fbkqb ab s^of^`fŽk fkpq^kqŠkbl ab bp^ Šob^ bp bu^`q^jbkqb fdr^i ^ xm0_`g_o,Dpql bp+qbkbjlp
'03-16( >%&o' < 0-m/ __` ,0 n
Cb bpql obpriq^ nrb bi sb`qlo ^`bibo^`fŽk bp o^af^i pf u pŽil pf bi sb`qlo mlpf`fŽk_^oobbi Šob^+ab j^kbo^ nrb bi Šob^_^oofa^ pb^ molmlo`flk^i ^i qfbjml bjmib^al
//- @ƒg^pgj^ji api^dji`n q`^ojmd\g`n
O^o^ abjlpqo^o '03-16(+ prmlkbjlp nrb bp mlpf_ib bifjfk^o o bkqob i^p alpb`r^`flkbp l < `%n&)%&< a%n&)v bk `lkpb`rbk`f^ bumobp^ol `ljl crk`fŽk ab `*mlkd^jlp m< N%_&+ Dpql pfdkfcf`^ nrb bufpqb rk^ crk`fŽk ob^i N q^i nrbNWa%n&Y< `%n&+Dkqlk`bp i^ obdfŽk plj_ob^a^ ab i^ cfdro^ 03-06 bp bi `lkgrkqlo^af^i ab N bk bi fkqbos^il Wa%[&)a%n&Y+Rbd•k bi qblobj^ 1-5+bi Šob^ ab bp^ ob,dfŽk sfbkb a^a^ mlo i^ fkqbdo^i
m8=%n&< p N0%_& _ +i %[&
Cbofs^kal bpq^ fkqbdo^i+pbd•k bi mofjbo qblobj^ crka^jbkq^i abi BŠi`ril v i^obdi^ ab i^ `^abk^+ bk`lkqo^jlp nrb
>%&o'< z Gv0Xb&o'Zb%&o'< z a0&o'b%&o' < z+1zz-+
il `r^i abjrbpqo^ '03-16(-
),&)0 8\\_QR[NQN`PVYo[Q_VPN`
Rf i^p `lloabk^a^p r b t ab rk mrkql L%r) t* w( abi bpm^`fl pb prpqfqrvbkmlo i^p `lloabk^a^p mli^obp m u K) ilp qobpk•jbolp m,,z* w pb abkljfk^k ^jjm_`+
u
u
t
s
EHFTQ@ 03-06 Bg q`^ojm _` jimn]c•h ]\mm` `gƒm`\ ^ji `g ^j`ad^d`io` _` q\md\^d‡i
EHFTQ@ 03-07 @jjm_`i\_\n ^dg…i_md^\n,
. ^K=$%n&< , m0[
1 _o %
Be`m^d^djn 554
i\_\n ^dg…i_md^\nabi mrkql M, Di k•jbol kl kbd^qfsl m obmobpbkq^elo^ i^ afp,q^k`f^ abi mrkql M ^i bgb w+q^i `ljl pb fkaf`^ bk i^ cfdro^ 03-07- Klp mrkqlpabi bpm^`fl m^o^ilp nrb m bp `lkpq^kqb bnrfafpq^k abi bgbw v mlo q^kql mboqbkb`bk^ rk `fifkaol `fo`ri^o 'ab ^nrŒbi klj_ob ab `lloabk^a^p ^dg…i_md^\n',
O^o^ bpqraf^o `ros^p \g\]`\_\n bk `lloabk^a^p `fiŒkaof`^p+i^ b`r^`fŽk abio^afl sb`qlo m pb e^ ab prpqfqrfomlo rk^ ab i^ cloj^9
m< mp9 * u&o'f ,
K^p cŽojri^p `loobpmlkafbkqbp m^o^ ilp sb`qlobp sbil`fa^a u ^`bibo^`fŽk pbl_qfbkbk pfk jŠp nrb prj^o ilp q‹ojfklp u%&o'fu u!&o'f* ^ ilp pbdrkalp jfbj_olpab i^p cŽojri^p _fafjbkpflk^ibp bk '03-14( u '03-15(-
),&)1 :WR_PVPV\`
0- Tk^ m^oqŒ`ri^ pb jrbsb bk bi mi^kl ab j^kbo^ nrb pr mlpf`fŽk bk bi fkpq^kqb o qfbkb`lloabk^a^p mli^obp m< o* .; o, G^ii^o i^p cŽojri^p m^o^ ilp sb`qlobp sbil`fa^a q v^`bibo^`fŽk \* v i^ `ros^qro^ G bk rk fkpq^kqb o `r^inrfbo^-
1- Tk^ m^oqŒ`ri^pb jrbsb bk bi bpm^`fl ab j^kbo^ nrb pr mlpf`fŽk bk bi fkpq^kqb n qfbkb`lloabk^a^p `fiŒkaof`^p m< o, .; o, w < o,^( Ool_^o nrb i^ `ros^ bpqŠ pfqr^a^ bk rk `lkl v e^ii^o rk^ b`r^`fŽk `^oqbpf^k^ m^o^bpqb `lkl 'i^ `ros^ pb abkljfk^ c„gd^` ^‡id^\',_( G^ii^o i^p cŽojri^p m^o^ i^ sbil`fa^a q* i^ ^`bibo^`fŽk \ v i^ `ros^qro^ F@ bk bifkpq^kqb o,`( G^ii^o rk^ cŽojri^ m^o^ abqbojfk^o bi Škdril nrb cloj^k i^ q^kdbqb ^ i^ `ros^ v i^dbkbo^qofw abi `lkl bk `^a^ mrkql ab i^:`ros^-
2- Tk^ m^oqŒ`ri^pb jrbsb bk bi bpm^`fl ab j^kbo^ nrb pr mlpf`fŽk bk bi fkpq^kqb o qfbkb`lloabk^a^p `fiŒkaof`^p m< pbk n) %&< o, w < ild pb` o* alkab N z o ; q6S-^( Ool_^o nrb i^ `ros^ bpqŠ pfqr^a^ bk rk `fifkaol ab b`r^`fŽk s0 * 'u \ z(1 <9 i-_( G^ii^o rk^ cŽojri^ 'bk crk`fŽk ab n&m^o^ abqbojfk^o bi Škdril nrb cloj^ bi sb`qlosbil`fa^a `lk e+
3- Rf rk^ `ros^ qfbkb i^ b`r^`fŽk mli^o m < a&L'*_ji_` \ x L x ] x \ * 16S+ abjlpqo^onrb i^ ilkdfqra ab ^o`l bp
4- K^ `ros^ ab b`r^`flk mli^o l < [%. * `lp K&) alkab [ = N v N z K w 16S+ pb ii^j^^\m_djd_`, So^w^o i^ doŠcf`^ ab Hz `^oaflfab m< 3'0 * `lp L' v `^i`ri^o i^ ilkdfqra abpr ^o`l-
5- Tk^ m^oqŒ`ri^pb jrbsb pfdrfbkal rk^ `ros^ mi^k^ `rv^ b`r^`fŽk mli^o bp l < _^6* alkab` bp rk^ `lkpq^kqb v K s^oŒ^ bkqob N v /$EP+^( G^`bo rk doŠcf`l fkaf`^kal i^ cloj^ ab i^ `ros^ m^o^ `^a^ rkl ab ilp pfdrfbkqbps^ilobp ab _7 _ < N- _ < 0+ _ < ,0-_( Cbpfdkbjlp mlo H%_&i^ ilkdfqra abi [l]i ab `ros^ v mlo [%_& bi Šob^ ab i^ obdfŽk_^oofa^ mlo bi sb`qlo ab mlpf`fŽk `r^kal '( s^oŒ^ ab N ^ 16S- B^i`ri^o H%_&v [%_& bkcrk`fŽk ab `,
/// @ƒg^pgj^ji api^dji`n q`^ojmd\g`n
6- So^w^o i^ `ros^ `rv^ b`r^`fŽk mli^o bp m< pbk, %F) N z %F w 16S+ X jlpqo^o nrb `lkpq^ab alp _r`ibp-^( G^ii^o bi Šob^ ab i^ obdfŽk ifjfq^a^ mlo rk _r`ib ab i^ `ros^-_( B^i`ri^o i^ ilkdfqra ab rk _r`ib ab i^ `ros^-Dk `^a^ rkl ab ilp bgbo`f`flp abi 7 ^i 00+obmobpbkq^oi^ `ros^ mi^k^ `rv^ b`r^`fŽk mli^opb a^ v `^i`ri^o i^ ilkdfqra ab pr ^o`l-
7- o < %F) N z %F w 6S- 0/- o < 0 * `lp %F) N z %F w 6S-
6+ m < `?* N z %F w 6S- 00- m < 0 , `lp %F) N z %F w 16S-
01- Rf rk^ `ros^ qfbkb i^ b`r^`fŽk mli^o m< a& _&) abjlpqo^o nrb pr o^afl ab `ros^qro^ ksfbkb a^al mlo i^ cŽojri^ k < &m0* m%0'1-0-gm0+ mm! * 0m%0/*alkab m%;o&`' v mjj;,o%&`',
02- O^o^ `^a^ rk^ ab i^p `ros^p ab ilp bgbo`f`flp abi 7 ^i 00+ `^i`ri^o bi o^afl ab `ros^qro^m^o^ bi s^ilo fkaf`^al ab `,^( Br^inrfbo '( bk bi bgbo`f`fl 7- b( 7 < 60& bk bi bgbo`f`fl 0/-_( Br^inrfbo '( bk bi bgbo`f`fl 8- a( 7 < z 60& bk bi bgbo`f`fl 00-
03- Cbpfdkbjlp mlo 0= bi Škdril+ N z 0= y 6S+ cloj^al mlo bi sb`qlo ab mlpf`fŽk v bi sb`qlosbil`fa^a ab rk^ `ros^- Rf i^ `ros^ bpqŠ bumobp^a^ bk `lloabk^a^p mli^obp+ abjlpqo^onrb p pbk 0= < o v p `lp 0= < ^l e ^c&) pfbkal p i^ sbil`fa^a-
04- Tk molvb`qfi `lebqb bpqŠ molvb`q^al ab j^kbo^ nrb afpm^o^al pb afofg^ afob`q^jbkqbe^`f^ bi _i^k`l- Cb_fal ^ c^iilp q‹`kf`lp+ pr afob``fŽk bk bi srbil bcb`qfsl cloj^ rkŠkdril cfgl j8 x N `lk i^ afob``fŽk abpab bi molvb`qfi ^i _i^k`l- Cbqbojfk^o i^ qo^vb`,qlof^ `r^kal pb afpm^o^ e^`f^ rk _i^k`l cfgl- Cfp`rqfo i^ cloj^ ab i^ qo^vb`qlof^ ^is^of^o l`- ƒ@i`^kw^oŠ bi molvb`qfi bi _i^k`l> 'Rrmlkbo nrb bi jlsfjfbkql pb ob^ifw^ bkrk mi^kl-(
05- Cb_fal ^ c^iilp jb`Škf`lp+ ilp q‹`kf`lp abi i^kw^jfbkql e^k mboafal bi `lkqoli ab rkmolvb`qfi `lebqb i^kw^al ob`fbkqbjbkqb- Rb p^_b nrb bi molvb`qfi pbdrfoŠ rk `ropl ob`qf,iŒkbl `lk sbil`fa^a `lkpq^kqb+ ab afob``fŽk abp`lkl`fa^- Br^kal bi molvb`qfi bpqŠ ^3 jfii^p ab afpq^k`f^ pb e^ il`^ifw^al rk fkpq^kqb v pb e^ mboafal ab krbsl- Hkjbaf^q^,jbkqb pb i^kw^ rk ^kqfmolvb`qfi `lk sbil`fa^a `lkpq^kqb qofmibnrb i^ abi mofjbol- ƒBrŠie^ ab pbo bi `ropl abi pbdrkal molvb`qfi m^o^ nrb ^i`^k`b ^i mofjbol> 'Rb prmlkb nrb^j_lp molvb`qfibp pb jrbsbk bk bi jfpjl mi^kl-(
06- Ool_^o nrb pf rk^ b`r^`fŽk afcbobk`f^i eljld‹kb^ ab mofjbo loabk ab i^ cloj^u&< `%r)u( pb bp`of_b bk `lloabk^a^p mli^obp+ pb obar`b ^ rk^ b`r^`fŽk pbm^o^_ib-@mif`^o bpqb j‹qlal m^o^ obplisbo u&< 'u , r&,%s * r&+
07- Tk^ m^oqŒ`ri^ 'jŽsfi bk bi bpm^`fl( qfbkb sbil`fa^a a^a^ mlo q < rf u m*alkab rbp rk^ `lkpq^kqb v m bp bi sb`qlo mlpf`fŽk- Ool_^o nrb i^ m^oqŒ`ri^pb jrbsb pl_ob rk^`fo`rkcbobk`f^ `lk sbil`fa^a ^kdri^o `lkpq^kqb r, 'K^ sbil`fa^a ^kdri^o bpqŠ abcfkfa^ mloE^5.^nf) alkab '( bp bi Škdril mli^o bk bi fkpq^kqb n+&
08- Tk^ m^oqŒ`ri^pb jrbsb bk rk mi^kl mbombkaf`ri^o ^i bgb u, Di jlsfjfbkql qfbkb ird^o^ il i^odl ab rk^ `fo`rkcbobk`f^ `lk `bkqol bk bpqb bgb-^( Ool_^o nrb bufpqb rk sb`qlo q%n&m^o^ibil ^i bgb u q^i nrb9
q&o'< r&o' t m&o'*
alkab m&o'v q&o' plk ilp sb`qlobp mlpf`fŽk v sbil`fa^a bk bi fkpq^kqb o, Di sb`qlo r&o'pb ii^j^ q`^ojm q`gj^d_\_ \ibpg\m v pr j^dkfqra r&o' < Ghs'p(00bp i^ q`gj^d_\_ \ibpg\m,_( Di sb`qlo \&o' < r%&o'pb ii^j^ sb`qlo \^`g`m\^d‡i \ibpg\m, Cbjlpqo^o nrb bi sb`qlo^`bibo^`fŽk j&o' Y<q%&o'Zsfbkb a^al mlo i^ cŽojri^
j&o' < Xr&o' , m&o'Zr&o'+ r/&o'm&o'* `u'q( t m&o',
>kgd^\^dji`n \g hjqdhd`ioj kg\i`o\mdj 556
b( Rf i^ m^oqŒ`ri^ bpqŠ bk bi mi^kl rs v pf i^ sbil`fa^a ^kdri^o q%n& bp `lkpq^kqb+ pb^q%n&< q) abjlpqo^o nrb bi sb`qlo ^`bibo^`fŽk [%n&bp `bkqoŒmbqlv nrb+ [%n&< *q/l%n&+
1/- Rb af`b nrb rk `rboml bpqŠ pljbqfal ^ rk hjqdhd`ioj mdbd_j pf+m^o^ `^a^ m^o ab m^oqŒ`r,i^p k u l bk bi `rboml- i^ afpq^k`f^ Ghn0+'q(, ml&o'00 bp fkabmbkafbkqb ab o* alkab mk&o' uml&o' fkaf`^k ilp sb`qlobp mlpf`fŽk ab j v k bk bi fkpq^kqb o, Ool_^o nrb m^o^ rk `rbomloŒdfal bk bi nrb `^a^ m^oqŒ`ri^ dfo^ ^iobabalo abi bgb w pb qfbkb9 pj%n& :q%n& u lj%n&)alkab q%n&bp i^ jfpj^ m^o^ `^a^ m^oqŒ`ri^+v pj%n&bp i^ sbil`fa^a ab i^ m^oqŒ`ri^j+
),&*( 6]YVPNPV\[RNYZ\cVZVR[a\ ]YN[RaN_V\
Cbpmr‹p abi ^kŠifpfp ab do^k k•jbol ab a^qlp pl_ob jlsfjfbkql mi^kbq^ofl^`rjri^alp e^pq^ bi ^•l 05//+ bi ^pqoŽkljl ^ibjŠk Ile^kkbp Jbmibo '0460,052/(pb molmrpl abp`r_ofo i^p ibvbp j^qbjŠqf`^p nrb ofdbk bi jlsfjfbkql ab ilp mi^,kbq^p- Dkqlk`bp pb `lkl`Œ^k pbfp mi^kbq^p v pbd•k i^ qbloŒ^ab Blm‹okf`l pbprmlkŒ^nrb prp Žo_fq^pbpq^_^k pfqr^a^p bk bpcbo^p`lk`‹kqof`^p ^iobabalo abiRli- Jbmibo fkqbkqŽ abjlpqo^o nrb ilp o^aflp ab bpq^p bpcbo^pbpq^_^k obi^`fl,k^alp `lk ilp `fk`l mlifbaolp obdri^obp ab i^ FbljbqoŒ^- Rb ib l`roofŽ i^ fab^fkdbkflp^ ab nrb bi pfpqbj^ pli^o bpq^_^ `lkpqorfal `ljl rk oljmb`^_bw^p`efkl- Dk bi `bkqol abi pfpqbj^ pfqr^_^ bi Rli+ v abpmr‹p bk pr`bpfŽk `lil`^_^i^p pbfp bpcbo^p`lk`‹kqof`^p nrb mlaŒ^kfkp`of_fopbv `fo`rkp`of_fopb ^ ilp `fk`lmlifbaolp obdri^obp, l`q^baol+ f`lp^baol+ alab`^baol+ qbqo^baol v `r_l+ bk bpqbloabk 'ab abkqol e^`f^ crbo^(+ K^ bpcbo^ jŠp fkqbok^+fkp`ofq^ bk bi l`q^baolobdri^o+ `loobpmlkab ^ i^ Žo_fq^ ab Lbo`rofl- K^ nrb ib pbdrŒ^+fo`rkp`ofq^ ^il`q^baol b fkp`ofq^ ^i f`lp^baol+ `loobpmlkab ^ i^ Žo_fq^ ab Ubkrp- K^ Žo_fq^ab i^ Sfboo^ bpq^_^ bk i^ bpcbo^`fo`rkp`ofq^ ^i f`lp^baol b fkp`ofq^ ^i alab`^baol+v ^pŒpr`bpfs^jbkqb: i^ bpcbo^ jŠp buqbok^+`lkqbkfbkal i^ Žo_fq^ ab I•mfqbo+bpq^oŒ^fo`rkp`ofq^ ^i `r_l- @ mbp^oab nrb bpq^ qbloŒ m^ob`Œ^loob`q^ abkqolab rk 4 $ ab boolo+i^p l_pbos^`flkbp ^pqolkŽjf`^p bcb`qr^a^p bk bpqb mboŒlalpb e^`Œ^k `lk rk q^kql mlo `fbkql ab boolo jr`el jbklo+ v Jbmibo cfk^ijbkqbmbkpŽ bk jlafcf`^o bpq^ qbloŒ^-Cbpmr‹p ab jr`elp bpqraflp mlpqboflobppb ibl`roofŽ nrb ilp a^qlp l_pbos^alp obi^qfslp ^ Žo_fq^p`loobpmlkaŒ^k jŠp ^ qo^,vb`qlof^p `g…kod^\nnrb ^ i^p qo^vb`qlof^p `fo`ri^obp abi pfpqbj^ ab Blm‹okf`l-Efk^ijbkqb+ qo^p bpcrbowl fk`bp^kqb+Jbmibo afl qobpibvbp c^jlp^p+ abp`r_fboq^pbjmŒof`^jbkqb+ nrb bumif`^_^k qlalp ilp cbkŽjbklp ^pqolkŽjf`lp `lkl`falpe^pq^ bkqlk`bp- Rb mrbabk bkrk`f^o `ljl pfdrb9
Mmdh`m\g`t _` H`kg`m, Klp mi^kbq^pabp`of_bk Žo_fq^pbiŒmqf`^pbk rkl ab`rvlp cl`lp bpqŠbi Rli-
P`bpi_\ g`t _` H`kg`m, K^p Šob^p_^oofa^p mlo bi o^afl sb`qlo abpab bi Rli^ rk mi^kbq^ plk molmlo`flk^ibp ^i qfbjml-
//1 @ƒg^pgj ^ji api^dji`n q`^ojmd\g`n
Q`m^`m\ g`t _` H`kg`m, Di `r^ao^al abi mboŒlal ab rk mi^kbq^ bp molmlo,`flk^i ^i `r_l ab pr afpq^k`f^ jbaf^ ^i Rli-
L]n`mq\^d‡i8 Olo k`m…j_j ab rk mi^kbq^ pb bkqfbkab bi qfbjml kb`bp^ofl m^o^ nrbob`loo^ rk^ sbw i^ Žo_fq^ biŒmqf`^-K^ _dno\i^d\ h`_d\ ^i pli bp i^ jfq^a ab i^ ilkdfqra abibgb j^vlo ab i^ bifmpb-
K^ clojri^`fŽk ab bpq^p ibvbp ^ m^oqfo abi bpqrafl ab q^_i^p ^pqolkŽjf`^pcrb rk eb`el jrv klq^_ib- Bbo`^ ab rklp 4/ ^•lp jŠp q^oab+ Mbtqlk mol_Žnrb i^p qobp ibvbp ab Jbmibo bo^k `lkpb`rbk`f^ ab pr pbdrka^ ibv abi jlsf,jfbkql v ab i^ `‹ib_ob ibv ab i^ do^sfq^`fŽk rkfsbop^i- Dk bpq^ pb``fŽk+ e^`fbkalrpl abi j‹qlal sb`qlof^i+ pb sboŠ `Žjl pb mrbabk abar`fo i^p ibvbp ab Jbmibo abi^p ab Mbtqlk-
Rli
EHFTQ@ 03-08 Bg q`^ojm kjnd^d‡i _`n_` `g Pjg \g kg\i`o\,
Rrmlkd^jlp nrb pb qfbkb rk Rli cfgl ab j^p^ I v rk mi^kbq^ jŽsfi ab j^p^g ^qo^Œalmlo bi Rli `lk rk^ crbow^ B+ 'Oobp`fkafjlp ab i^ fkcirbk`f^ ab lqo^p crbo,w^p-( K^ pbdrka^ ibv abi jlsfjfbkql ab Mbtqlk bpq^_ib`b nrb
'03-17( C < h\ *
alkab \ bp bi sb`qlo ^`bibo^`fŽk abi jlsfjfbkql abi mi^kbq^- Cbpfdkbjlp `lk mbi sb`qlo mlpf`fŽk abpab bi Rli ^i mi^kbq^ 'sbo cfdro^ 03-08(+ pb^k m< Ghnhhv p9 rksb`qlo rkfq^ofl `lk i^ jfpj^ afob``fŽk nrb m* pŒnrb m< mp9, K^ ibv ab i^ do^sf,q^`fŽk rkfsbop^i bpq^_ib`b nrb
C < ,E hJ1 3=&
m
alkab F bp rk^ `lkpq^kqb- Blj_fk^kal ‹pq^ `lk '03-17(+ l_qbkbjlp
'03-18( DJ[ < , ,1, ˆ, *
m
>kgd^\^dji`n \g hjqdhd`ioj kg\i`o\mdj //2
0/ nrb klp af`b nrb i^ ^`bibo^`fŽk bp m\_d\g, Cbjlpqo^objlp bk pbdrfa^ nrb i^Žo_fq^ bpqŠ bk rk mi^kl- Tk^ sbw p^_fal bpql+ pb abar`b fkjbaf^q^jbkqb ab ilpobpriq^alp ab i^ pb``fŽk 03-06 nrb bi Šob^ _^oofa^ mlo bi sb`qlo mlpf`fŽk bp mol,mlo`flk^i ^i qfbjml-
O^o^ abjlpqo^o nrb bi `^jfkl bpqŠ bk rk mi^kl rqfifw^jlp bi eb`el ab nrbo v \ plk m^o^ibilp- Rf fkqolar`fjlp bi sb`qlo sbil`fa^a q < _m- _o* qbkbjlp
_q _q _m _o W \ < o W , * q W q < o W , * , W q < , 'o W q' ,
_o _o _o _o
Orbpql nrb m W \ < N+ bpl pfdkfcf`^ nrb o W q bp rk sb`qlo `lkpq^kqb+ pb^n W q < `,
Rf ` < N+ bi sb`qlo mlpf`fŽk o bp m^o^ibil ^i q v bi jlsfjfbkql bp ob`qfiŒkbl-Orbpql nrb i^ qo^vb`qlof^ ab rk mi^kbq^ kl bp ob`qfiŒkb^+ab_b pbo ` x N- K^ obi^,`fŽk o W q < ` abjrbpqo^ nrb m 8 ` < N+ ^pŒnrb bi sb`qlo mlpf`fŽk bpqŠ bk rkmi^kl mbombkaf`ri^o ^ `, Orbpql nrb i^ ^`bibo^`fŽk bp o^af^i+ o _^oob bi Šob^ bkrk^ o^wŽk `lkpq^kqb bp ab`fo molmlo`flk^ijbkqb ^i qfbjml- Dpql abjrbpqo^ i^pbdrka^ ibv ab Jbmibo-
Dp cŠ`fi mol_^o nrb bp^ `lkpq^kqb ab molmlo`flk^ifa^a bp bu^`q^jbkqb i^ jf,q^a abi sb`qlo `- Dk bcb`ql+ pf rp^jlp `lloabk^a^p mli^obp v bumobp^jlp i^ sb,il`fa^a bk crk`fŽk ab p* v Qj `ljl bk i^ b`r^`fŽk '03-14(+ bk`lkqo^jlp nrb
'03-2/( , ' &_m _`' l _`` < n V q < omp9 V _o p* * n_o Rj < m8_o p* V pn *
v mlo q^kql Ghahh< Gn1_`-_og, Rbd•k '03-16( bpql bp fdr^i ^ 0 >%&o'F*alkab >%&o'bpi^ sbil`fa^a `lk i^ nrb bi o^afl sb`qlo _^oob bi Šob^ l q`gj^d_\_ \m`jg\m,
Dk i^ cfdro^ 03-1/ pb obmobpbkq^i^ pbdrka^ ibv ab Jbmibo- K^p alp obdflkbpplj_ob^a^p+ nrb plk _^oofa^p mlo bi sb`qlo mlpf`fŽk bk fkqbos^ilp ab qfbjmlfdr^ibp+ qfbkbk Šob^p fdr^ibp-
Cbjlpqo^objlp ^elo^ nrb bi `^jfkl bp rk^ bifmpb- @kqb qlal+ clojbjlp bimolar`ql sb`qlof^i \ W `* rqfifw^kal '03-18( v '03-2/(+ v bk`lkqo^jlp nrb
v^ nrb \ < _q- _o X Qj < _p,Z _L* i^ b`r^`fŽk ^kqboflo obi^qfs^ ^ \ W ` q^j_f‹kmrbab bp`of_fopb `ljl pfdrb9
J J_o &q V `' < _o &@Jp*' ,
56/ ?•f]ofi ]ih `oh]cih_m p_]nilc[f_m
Hkqbdo^kal l_qbkbjlp
q W b < DJpl * ] *
alkab \ bp lqol sb`qlo `lkpq^kqb- Olabjlp mlkbo bpq^ fdr^ia^a bk i^ cloj^
'03-20( q W b < DJ&pl * `'*
pfbkal DJ` < ], Blj_fk^objlp ‹pq^ `lk '03-2/( m^o^ bifjfk^o q u l_qbkbo rk^bumobpfŽk m^o^ m,@ q^i cfk jriqfmif`^jlp bp`^i^ojbkqb ^j_lp jfbj_olp ab '03-2/(mlo b u ^j_lp jfbj_olp ab '03-20( mlo m*Hdr^i^kal i^p alp bumobpflkbp abi mol,ar`ql jfuql m 8 q W b+ iibd^jlp ^ i^ b`r^`fŽk
'03-21( DJm&/ * `^jn 3• < ^/)
bk i^ nrb _ <hhah&9_ < E,_f,) v ;.= obmobpbkq^bi Škdril cloj^al mlo bi sb`qlo `lkp,q^kqb _ u bi o^afl sb`qlo l+ 'Ubo i^ cfdro^ 03-10-( Rf mlkbjlp ^ < ]0d%CI_&) i^b`r^`fŽk '03-21( pb qo^kpcloj^ bk
'03-22(`_
l:`^jn 3= * 0
l m < `& * m`lp 3• -
No_fq^ Cfob`qofw
`m`jn o-G
yG_ + m`jn o-G G
GGGG
_ +*G
EHFTQ@ 03-1/ P`bpi_\ g`t _` H`kg`m, I\n _jn Cdbpm\ 03-10 I\ m\u‡i m-&_+m`lp ;.• `nm`bdji`n njh]m`\_\n* ]\mmd_\n `i dio`mq\gjn g\ `s^`iomd^d_\_ _` ` < hGahh-
dbp\g`n _` od`hkj* od`i`i g\ hdnh\ ƒm`\,
Rbd•k bi qblobj^ 02-07+ ‹pq^ bp i^ b`r^`fŽk mli^o ab rk^ `lokb^ `lk bu`bkqk`f,a^a _ v rk cl`l bk bi Rli- K^ cfdro^ 03-10 jrbpqo^ i^ afob`qofw qo^w^a^ mbombkaf`r,
Be`m^d^djn _` m`k\nj 560
i^ojbkqb ^ ` ^ rk^ afpq^k`f^ ^ abi Rli- K^ afpq^k`f^ abpab bi mi^kbq^^ i^ afob`qofwbp _ + m `lp ;c=+ u i^ o^wŽkme&_+ m`jn ;c‚ bp i^ bu`bkqof`fa^a `, K^ `Žkf`^ bprk^ bifmpbpf ` ; 0+ rk^ m^oŠ_li^ pf ` < 0+ X rk^ efm‹o_li^ pf ` = 0- Orbpqlnrb ilp mi^kbq^pob`loobk `^jfklp `boo^alp+ i^ Žo_fq^nrb `lkpfabo^jlp ab_b pbork^ bifmpb-Dpql abjrbpqo^ i^ mofjbo^ ibv ab Jbmibo-
Efk^ijbkqb+ abarw`^jlp i^ qbo`bo^ibv ab Jbmibo- Rrmlkd^jlp nrb i^ bifmpbqfbkbbi bgbj^vlo ab ilkdfqra 0\ v bi bgbjbklo ab ilkdfqra 0], Di Šob^ab i^ bifm,pb pboŠmrbp i\]* Rb^ Q bi qfbjml bjmib^al mlo bi mi^kbq^bk a^o rk^ srbiq^ ^pr Žo_fq^ biŒmqf`^-Orbpql nrb bi sb`qlo mlpf`fŽk _^oob bi Šob^ `lk i^ sbil`fa^a^obli^o x^* qbkbjlp x^Q < i\] * l _fbk Q < 05Q\]e^, Prbobjlp abjlpqo^o nrbP0 bp molmlo`flk^i ^ \!,
Cb i^ pb``fŽk 02-11 abar`fjlp \0 < [0%. * _0'* _^ < [%. * _0
'* ^pŒnrb
^0 < DJ`_ < DJ\&/ + €&)
v qbkbjlp mlo q^kql
Orbpql nrb N bp bi molar`ql ab rk^ `lkpq^kqb mlo \%*bpql abjrbpqo^ i^ qbo`bo^ibv ab Jbmibo-
),&*) :WR_PVPV\`QR_R]N`\
0- Rb^ mbi sb`qlo nrb rkb bi lofdbk ^ rk mrkql ^o_fqo^ofl ab i^ m^oŠ_li^ v1 < s* pb^k N' biŠkdril nrb l cloj^ `lk i^ ob`q^ q^kdbkqb+N z N' z /Q* X ` bi Škdril nrb cloj^ l `lkbi bgb s mlpfqfsl+ N z '( z /Q, Dumobp^o &!bk crk`fŽk ab `,
1- Cbjlpqo^o nrb bi sb`qlo Q :s8 * 0^e bp q^kdbkqb ^ i^ m^oŠ_li^ v1 < 2^s bk bi mrkql%r)s&) v nrb bi sb`qlo J ::/]c * te bp mbombkaf`ri^o ^ P+
XFi_d^\^d‡i8 Dp`of_fo i^ b`r^`fŽk sb`qlof^i ab i^ m^oŠ_li^+ bjmib^kal t `ljlm^oŠjbqol-\
2- Cbjlpqo^o nrb i^ b`r^`iNk ab i^ ob`q^ ab mbkafbkqb h nrb bp q^kdbkqb ^ i^ m^oŠ_li^v1 < 2^s mrbab bp`of_fopb bk i^ cloj^ v z hs * ^gh* ƒBrŠibp plk i^p `lloabk^a^p abimrkql ab `lkq^`ql>
3- ^( Qbplisbo bi bgbo`f`fl 2 m^o^ i^ m^oŠ_li^ 'v , vl(1 < 2^&s + r))&+_( Qbplisbo bi bgbo`f`fl 2 m^o^ i^ m^oŠ_li^ r0 < 1]s) v+ bk dbkbo^i+ m^o^ i^ m^oŠ_li^%r * ri'0 < 1]%s * Xl(&
4- Cbjlpqo^o nrb i^ b`r^`fŽk ab rk^ ob`q^ q^kdbkqb ^ i^ m^oŠ_li^ v1 < 2^s bk bi mrkql'Wi )sx& mrbab bp`of_fopb bk i^ cloj^v v < /]%r * r &+
5- Qbplisbo bi bgbo`f`fl 4 m^o^ `^a^ rk^ ab i^p m^oŠ_li^p `fq^a^p bk bi bgbo`f`fl 3-
/0+ @ƒg^pgj^ji api^dji`n q`^ojmd\g`n
6- ^( Rb^ L rk mrkql ab i^ m^oŠ_li^ v < s0Š Rb^ P bi mrkql ab fkqbopb``fŽk ab i^ ob`q^kloj^i bk L `lk bi bgb v- ƒBrŠi bp i^ mlpf`fŽk iŒjfqb ab P `r^kal L qfbkab e^`f^ bibgb v>_( Qbplisbo bi jfpjl mol_ibj^ m^o^ i^ `ros^ v < `%r&) pfbkal .&'/( < l-
7- K^ ob`q^ v < _ `loq^ ^ i^ m^oŠ_li^ v < r0 bk alp mrkqlp- G^ii^o bi o^afl ab i^ `fo`rk,cbobk`f^ nrb m^p^ mlo bplp alp mrkqlp v mlo bi s‹oqf`b ab i^ m^oŠ_li^- Di o^afl ab,mbkab ab ^, ƒPr‹ ib l`roob ^i o^afl `r^kal ` x N>
8- Cbjlpqo^o nrb rk mrkql &s +v ( bpqŠ _`iomj* `i l ap`m\ ab i^ bifmpb s0-\0 * t0-]0 < 01 1 l l / 0pbd•k nrb s1-\0 * tj-] pb^ h`ijm* dbp\ l h\tjm nrb -
0/- C^a^ rk^ bifmpb s0-\0 * t0-]0 < 0- Cbjlpqo^o nrb ilp sb`qlobp P v J a^alp mlo
Q V, s,< , _1& * ,::10+
plk+ obpmb`qfs^jbkqb+ o\ib`io` v ijmh\g ^ i^ bifmpb `r^kal pb ^mif`^k bk bi mrkql&s*t', Rf bi Škdril bu`‹kqof`l ab &sj%Xl( bp {.* abjlpqo^o nrb i^ q^kdbkqb bk &sj%Xl(qfbkb i^ b`r^`fŽk `^oqbpf^k^
s t, `lp }/ * , pbk }/ < 0 -\ ]
00- Cbjlpqo^o nrb i^ q^kdbkqb ^ i^ bifmpb s0-\0 * t0-]0 < 0 bk bi mrkql &sj &Xl( qfbkbmlo b`r^`fŽk sjs-\0 * tjt-]0 < 0-
01- Cbjlpqo^o nrb bi molar`ql ab i^p afpq^k`f^p ab ilp cl`lp ab rk^ bifmpb ^ rk^ ob`q^q^kdbkqb `r^inrfbo^ bp `lkpq^kqb+ pfbkal bp^ `lkpq^kqb bi `r^ao^al ab i^ ilkdfqra abipbjfbgb jbklo-
02- Rb qo^w^k alp ob`q^p q^kdbkqbp ^ i^ bifmpb s0 * 2t0 < 7+ m^o^ibi^p ^ i^ ob`q^ s * 1v < 6-G^ii^o ilp mrkqlp ab `lkq^`ql-
03- Tk^ `fo`rkcbobk`f^ m^p^ mlo ilp alp cl`lp ab rk^ bifmpb v bp q^kdbkqb ^ bii^ bk alpmrkqlp- G^ii^o i^ bu`bkqof`fa^a ab i^ bifmpb-
04- Rb^ R rkl ab ilp alp s‹oqf`bp ab rk^ efm‹o_li^ `rvl bgb qo^kpsbopl qfbkb ilkdfqra /[v `rv^ bu`bkqof`fa^a bp 1- Rb^ L rk mrkql pfqr^al bk i^ jfpj^ o^j^ nrb R+ Cbpfdkb,jlp `lk > bi Šob^ ab i^ obdfŽk ifjfq^a^ mlo i^ efm‹o_li^ v mlo bi pbdjbkql ob`qfiŒkblRL) v pb^ m i^ ilkdfqra ab RL+^( Blil`^o ilp bgbp `lloabk^alp bk rk^ mlpf`fŽk `lksbkfbkqb v bp`of_fo i^ b`r^`fŽk abi^ efm‹o_li^-_( Dumobp^o bi Šob^ > `ljl rk^ fkqbdo^i v+ pfk fkqbkq^o bi `Ši`ril ab bp^ fkqbdo^i+ ab,jlpqo^o nrb =l*a qfbkab ^ rk iŒjfqb `r^kal bi mrkql L qfbkab ^ R+ G^ii^o bpb iŒjfqb-
05- Cbjlpqo^o nrb ilp sb`qlobp P < %s,\0'9 * %r,[0&d v J < %r,[0'9 + %s,\0&dplk+ obpmb`,qfs^jbkqb+ q^kdbkqb v kloj^i ^ i^ efm‹o_li^ s0-\0 + t0-]0 < 0 pf pb ^mif`^k bk bi mrkql%r)u( ab i^ `ros^-
06- Cbjlpqo^o nrb i^ ob`q^ q^kdbkqb ^ i^ efm‹o_li^ s0-\0 + t0-]0 < 0 bk bi mrkql &sj &Xl(qfbkb `ljl b`r^`fŽk sjs-p0 + tjt-]0 < 0-
07- K^ ob`q^ kloj^i bk `^a^ mrkql ab rk^ `ros^ v i^ nrb rkb ^nrbi mrkql `lk bi lofdbkcloj^k rk qofŠkdril fpŽp`bibp `rv^ _^pb bpqŠ bk bi bgb s, Cbjlpqo^o nrb i^ `ros^ bprk^ efm‹o_li^-
08- K^ kloj^i bk rk mrkql L ab rk^ `ros^ `loq^ ^i bgb s bk W v ^i bgb v bk X- G^ii^o i^`ros^ pf `^a^ mrkql L bp bi mrkql jbafl abi `loobpmlkafbkqb pbdjbkql ob`qfiŒkbl WXv pf bi mrkql '3+ 4( bpqŠ bk i^ `ros^-
1/- Cbjlpqo^o nrb bi molar`ql ab i^p afpq^k`f^p abpab `r^inrfbo mrkql ab rk^ efm‹o_li^^ prp ^pŒkqlq^pbp `lkpq^kqb-
Be`m^d^djn_` m`k\nj 562
10- K^ b`r^`flk mli^o ab rk^ `ros^ bp l < `fK&+ G^ii^o ` pf rk ^o`l `r^inrfbo^ nrb rk^alp mrkqlp afpqfkqlp ab i^ `ros^ qfbkb ilkdfqra molmlo`flk^i ^9 ^( ^i Škdril cloj^almlo ilp alp o^aflp sb`qlobp: _( i^ afcbobk`f^ ab i^p afpq^k`f^p abi lofdbk ^ ilp alpmrkqlp: `( bi Šob^ abi pb`qlo cloj^al mlo bi ^o`l v ilp alp o^aflp sb`qlobp-
11- Rf rk^ `ros^ bk bi bpm^`fl ab 2 afjbkpflkbp bpqŠ obmobpbkq^a^ mlo rk^ crk`fŽk sb`ql,of^i l abcfkfa^ bk rk fkqbos^il m^o^j‹qof`l W[) \Y) abjlpqo^o nrb bi molar`ql jfuqll$%n&+l%[& W l%\& bp `bol mlo il jbklp m^o^ rk s^ilo ab n bk %[)\&+ Hkqbomobq^obpqbobpriq^al dblj‹qof`^jbkqb-
'*
:EC68=BE ?=A:6?:E
)-&) =[a_\QbPPVp[
@ 0/ i^odl ab bpqbif_ol ebjlp bk`lkqo^al jr`elp bgbjmilp ab l_gbqlp j^qb,jŠqf`lp nrb mrbabk prj^opb rklp `lk lqolp v jriqfmif`^opb mlo k•jbolp ob^ibp-@kqbqlal+ ilp k•jbolp ob^ibp plk l_gbqlp ab q^i k^qro^ibw^-Nqolp bgbjmilp plki^p crk`flkbp sb`qlof^ibp+ilp k•jbolp `ljmibglp+ i^p pbofbpv ilp sb`qlobp bk bibpm^`fl i+_dh`indji\g, Dk bpqb`^mŒqrilqo^q^jlp rk `lk`bmql j^qbjŠqf`l dbkbo^i+ii^j^al `nk\^dj gdi`\g* nrb fk`irvb qlalp bplp bgbjmilp v jr`elp lqolp `ljl`^plp m^oqf`ri^obp-
Aobsbjbkqb+ rk bpm^`fl ifkb^i bp rk `lkgrkql ab bibjbkqlp ab k^qro^ibw^`r^inrfbo^ pl_ob bi nrb mrbabk ob^ifw^opbfboq^plmbo^`flkbp ii^j^a^p \_d^d‡i vhpgodkgd^\^d‡i kjm iˆh`mjn, @i abcfkfo rk bpm^`fl ifkb^i kl bpmb`fcf`^jlp i^k^qro^ibw^ ab ilp bibjbkqlp kf ab`fjlp `Žjl pb ob^ifw^k i^p lmbo^`flkbp bkqobbiilp- Dk `^j_fl+ bufdfjlp nrb i^p lmbo^`flkbp qbkd^k `fboq^p molmfba^abp nrbqlj^jlp `ljl ^uflj^p ab rk bpm^`fl ifkb^i- U^jlp ^elo^ ^ e^`bo `lk abq^iib rk^abp`ofm`fŽkab bplp ^uflj^p-
)-&* 9RSV[VPVp[QRR`]NPV\YV[RNY
Rb^ S rk `lkgrkql kl s^`Œl ab l_gbqlp+ii^j^alp `g`h`iojn, Di `lkgrkql Spb ii^j^ bpm^`fl ifkb^i pf p^qfpc^`bilp afbw ^uflj^p pfdrfbkqbp nrb pb bkrk`f^kbk qobpdormlp+
>sdjh\n _` ^g\pnpm\@WHNL@ 0- BK@TRTQ@ QDRODBSN CD K@ @CHBHˆM- > oj_j k\m _` `g`h`iojn
s ` t _` S ^jmm`nkji_` pi `g`h`ioj ˆid^j _` S gg\h\_j nph\ _` s ` t* _`ndbi\_jjil r * t,
564
565 Bnk\^djn gdi`\g`n
@WHNL@ 1- BK@TRTQ@ QDRODBSN CD K@ LTKSHOKHB@BHˆM ONQ M‰LDQNR QD@,
KDR- > oj_j s _` S u oj_j iˆh`mj m`\g \ ^jmm`nkji_` pi `g`h`ioj _` S gg\h\_jkmj_p^oj _` \ kjm s* _`ndbi\_j kjm \s,
>sdjh\n k\m\ g\ \_d^d‡i
@WHNL@ 2- KDX BNMLTS@SHU@- M\m\ oj_j s v oj_j v _` S* o`i`hjns * u < u * s,
@WHNL@ 3- KDX @RNBH@SHU@- @p\g`nlpd`m\ lp` n`\i s* v+ w _` S* o`i`hjn%r * u( * w < r * 'u * t&+
@WHNL@ 4- DWHRSDMBH@CD DKDLDMSN BDQN- Bsdno` pi `g`h`ioj `i S* _`+ndbi\_j ^ji `g n…h]jgj N+ o\g lp`
s)L;s k\m\ oj_j s _` S,
@WHNL@ 5- DWHRSDMBH@CD NOTDRSNR- M\m\ oj_j s _` S* `g `g`h`ioj &+g'sod`i` g\ kmjkd`_\_
s * ',i(u < N-
>sdjh\n k\m\ g\ hpgodkgd^\^d‡i kjm iˆh`mjn
@WHNL@ 6- KDX @RNBH@SHU@- M\m\ oj_j s _` S v oj_j k\m _` iˆh`mjnm`\g`n \ u ]* o`i`hjn
\&]s' < &\]'s ,
@WHNL@ 7- KDX CHRSQHATSHU@ O@Q@ K@ @CHBHˆM DM S, M\m\ oj_j s v oj_jt _` S u oj_j iˆh`mj m`\g \* o`i`hjn
\&s * t' < \s * \t ,
@WHNL@ 8- KDX CHRSQHATSHU@ O@Q@ K@ @CHBHˆM CD M‰LDQNR- M\m\ oj_js _` S u oj_j k\m _` iˆh`mjn m`\g`n \ u ]* o`i`hjn
&\* ]'s < \s * ]s ,,
@WHNL@ 0/- DWHRSDMBH@CD DKDLDMSN HC…MSHBN- M\m\ oj_j s _` S* o`i`+hjn Fs < s,
Be`hkgjn _` `nk\^djn gdi`\g`n /00
Klp bpm^`flp ifkb^ibp ^pŒabcfkfalp+pb ii^j^k+ ^ sb`bp+bpm^`flp ifkb^ibp m`\g`nm^o^ obp^iq^obi eb`el ab nrb pb jriqfmif`^k ilp bibjbkqlp ab R mlo k•jbolpob^ibp-Rf bk ilp ^uflj^p 1+ 6+7 X 8 pb obbjmi^w^ iˆh`mj m`\g mlo iˆh`mj ^jh+kg`ej* i^ bpqor`qro^ nrb obpriq^ pb ii^j^ `nk\^dj gdi`\g ^jhkg`ej, @idrk^p sb`bprk bpm^`fl ifkb^i pb ii^j^ q^j_f‹k `nk\^dj q`^ojmd\g gdi`\g l pfjmibjbkqb `nk\^djq`^ojmd\g9 ilp k•jbolp rqfifw^alp `ljl jriqfmif`^alobp pb ii^j^k `n^\g\m`n, Tkbpm^`fl ifkb^i ob^i qfbkb k•jbolp ob^ibp `ljl bp`^i^obp: rk bpm^`fl ifkb^i `lj,mibgl qfbkb `ljl bp`^i^obp k•jbolp `ljmibglp- Rf _fbk `lkpfabo^objlp mofk`fm^i,jbkqb bgbjmilp ab bpm^`flp ifkb^ibp ob^ibp+qlalp ilp qblobj^p plk sŠifalp m^o^bpm^`flp ifkb^ibp `ljmibglp- Br^kal afd^jlp bpm^`fl ifkb^i pfk jŠp+ pb pl_obkqbk,aboŠ nrb bi bpm^`fl mrbab pbo ob^i l `ljmibgl-
)-&+ :WRZ]Y\QRR`]NPV\YV[RNYR`
Rf mob`fp^jlp bi `lkgrkql R v ab`fjlp `Žjl pb prj^k prp bibjbkqlp v `Žjlpb jriqfmif`^k mlo k•jbolp+ l_qbkbjlp rk bgbjmil `lk`obql ab bpm^`fl ifkb^i-Di ib`qlo cŠ`fijbkqb mrbab `ljmol_^o nrb `^a^ rkl ab ilp bgbjmilp pfdrfbkqbpp^qfpc^`bqlalp ilp ^uflj^p m^o^ rk bpm^`fl ifkb^i ob^i-
DIDLOKN 0- Rb^ R < B$ bi `lkgrkql ab qlalp ilp k•jbolp ob^ibp+v pb^ks * u u \s i^ ^af`fŽk u i^ jriqfmif`^`fŽk loafk^of^p ab k•jbolp ob^ibp-
DIDLOKN 1- Rb^ S < b bi `lkgrkql ab qlalp ilp k•jbolp `ljmibglp+ abcf,kfjlp s * v `ljl i^ ^af`fŽk loafk^of^ ab k•jbolp `ljmibglp+ v \s `ljl i^ jri,qfmif`^`fŽkabi k•jbol `ljmibgl s mlo bi k•jbol ob^i \, @rknrb ilp bibjbkqlp abR pb^k k•jbolp `ljmibglp+ ‹pqb bp rk bpm^`fl ifkb^i ob^i mlonrb ilp bp`^i^obpplk ob^ibp-
DIDLOKN 2- P`\ S < SiŠ bi bpm^`fl sb`qlof^i ab qla^p i^p k,mi^p ab k•jb,olp ob^ibp+ lk i^ ^af`fŽk v i^ jriqfmif`^`fŽk mlo bp`^i^obp abcfkfa^p bk i^ cloj^loafk^of^ bk crk`fŽk ab ilp `ljmlkbkqbp-
DIDLOKN 3- Rb^ R bi `lkgrkql ab qlalp ilp sb`qlobp Ri loqldlk^ibp ^ rksb`qlo kl kril a^al J+ Rf i < 1+ bpqbbpm^`fl ifkb^i bp rk^ ob`q^ nrb m^p^mlo N`lk J `ljl sb`qlo kloj^i- Rf s< 2+ bp rk mi^kl nrb m^p^mlo N `lk J `ljlsb`qlo kloj^i-
Klp pfdrfbkqbpbgbjmilp pb ii^j^k `nk\^djn api^dji\g`n, Klp bibjbkqlp ab Splk crk`flkbp sb`qlof^ibp+ `lk i^ prj^ ab alp crk`flkbp ` u d abcfkfa^p bk i^cloj^ loafk^of^9
%.* a&%r&< x%r&* a%r&
/01 Bnk\^djn gdi`\g`n
m^o^qlal ob^i s bk i^ fkqbopb``fŽkab ilp aljfkflp ab Ev d- K^ jriqfmif`^`fŽk abrk^ crk`fŽk F mlo rk bp`^i^o ob^i \ pb abcfkb ^pŒ9\g bp ^nrbii^ crk`fŽk `rvl s^ilobk `^a^ s abi aljfkfl ab Ebp \g&s', Di bibjbkql `bol bp i^ crk`fŽk `rvlp s^ilobpplk krilp m^o^ qlal s, Di ib`qlo mrbab `ljmol_^o cŠ`fijbkqb nrb `^a^ rkl abilp `lkgrkqlp pfdrfbkqbpbp rk bpm^`fl crk`flk^i-
DIDLOKN 4- Di `lkgrkql ab qla^p i^p crk`flkbp abcfkfa^p bk rk fkqbos^ila^al-
DIDLOKN 5- Di `lkgrkql ab qlalp ilp mlifkljflp-
DIDLOKN 6- Di `lkgrkql ab qlalp ilp mlifkljflp ab do^al z i* pfbkal icfgl- 'Rfbjmob nrb `lkpfabobjlp bpqb`lkgrkql+ pb pl_obkqbkaboŠ nrb pfbjmob bpqŠfk`irfal bi mlifkljfl kril-( Di `lkgrkql ab qlalp ilp mlifkljflp ab do^al dbp\g^ i kl bp rk^ bpm^`fl ifkb^i mlonrb kl pb p^qfpc^`bkilp ^uflj^p ab `i^rpro^- Olobgbjmil+ i^ prj^ ab alp mlifkljflp ab do^al i mrbab kl pbo ab do^al i,
DIDLOKN 7- Di `lkgrkql- ab qla^p i^p crk`flkbp `lkqfkr^p bk rk fkqbos^ila^al- Rf bi fkqbos^il bp W[) \Y) abpfdk^jlp bpqbbpm^`fl `lk ?%[) \&+
DIDLOKN 8- Di `lkgrkql ab qla^p i^p crk`flkbp abofs^_ibp bk rk mrkql a^al-
DIDLOKN 0/- Di `lkgrkql ab qla^p i^p crk`flkbp fkqbdo^_ibpbk rk fkqbos^ila^al-
DIDLOKN 00- Di `lkgrkql ab qla^p i^p crk`flkbp Eabcfkfa^p bk bi mrkql 0pfbkal F&0( < N- Di k•jbol N bp bpbk`f^i bk bpqbbgbjmil- Rf obbjmi^w^jlp N mlork k•jbol kl kril `* sfli^jlp bi ^uflj^ ab `i^rpro^-
DIDLOKN 01- Di `lkgrkql ab qla^p i^p plir`flkbp ab rk^ b`r^`fŽk afcbobk`f^iDkb^i eljld‹kb^ v! * \t% * ]t < N+alkab \ v ] plk `lkpq^kqbp a^a^p- S^j_f‹k^nrŒbp bpbk`f^i bi N- Di `lkgrkql ab plir`flkbp ab rk^ b`r^`fŽk afcbobk`f^i kleljld‹kb^ kl p^qfpc^`bilp ^uflj^p ab `i^rpro^-
Dpqlp bgbjmilp v jr`elp lqolp e^`bk m^qbkqb Žjl bi `lk`bmql ab bpm^`flifkb^i bpqŠbuqbkafal mlo bi „idb_o^+ i^ FbljbqoŒ^ v bi @kŠifpfp-Br^kal pb abar`brk qblobj^ ab ilp ^uflj^p ab rk bpm^`fl ifkb^i+ l_qbkbjlp rk obpriq^al sŠifalm^o^ `^a^ bgbjmil `lk`obql- Tkfcf`^kal s^oflp bgbjmilp ab bpqbjlal+ `lkpbdrf,jlp rk `lkl`fjfbkql jŠp molcrkal bk `^a^ rkl- Dk l`^pflkbp bi `lkl`fjfbkqlab rk abqbojfk^al bgbjmil ^vra^ m^o^ ^kqf`fm^ol fkqbomobq^oobpriq^alp sŠifalpm^o^ lqolp bgbjmilp v mlkb bk bsfabk`f^ obi^`flkbp nrb ab lqol jlal mlaoŒ^km^p^ofk^asboqfa^p-
@jin`^p`i^d\n `g`h`io\g`n _` gjn \sdjh\n 568
)-&, 8\[`RPbR[PVN RYRZR[aNYR`QRY\` NdV\ZN`
Klp qblobj^p nrb pfdrbk pb abar`bk cŠ`fijbkqb ab ilp ^uflj^p ab rk bpm^`flifkb^i-
SDNQDL@ 04-0- TMHBHC@C CDK DKDLDMSN BDQN- Bi ^p\glpd`m `nk\^dj gdi`\g`sdno` pi `g`h`ioj ^`mj v n‡gj pij,
A`hjnom\^d‡i, Di ^uflj^ 4 klp ^pbdro^ nrb bufpqbmlo 0/ jbklp rk bibjbkql`bol- Rrmlkd^jlp nrb bufpq^kalp+ pb^k /0 v K0* G^`fbkal s << /0 X N < N1 bkbi ^uflj^ 4+ l_qbkbjlp /0 * N1 < /0+ @kŠild^jbkqb+ e^`fbkal r < N1 XN < /0+ bk`lkqo^jlp N1 * /0 < N1+ Obol /0 * N1 < N1 * /0 mlo i^ ibv `lk,jrq^qfs^+ ^pŒnrb /0 < N1+
SDNQDL@ 04-1- TMHBHC@C CD DKDLDMSNR NOTDRSNR- Bi ^p\glpd`m `nk\^djgdi`\g oj_j `g`h`ioj od`i` `s\^o\h`io` pi jkp`noj, Bnoj `n* k\m\ oj_j s `sdno`pi t* v n‡gj pij o\g lp` s * v < N-
A`hjnom\^d‡i, Di ^uflj^ 5 klp af`b nrb `^a^ s qfbkb mlo 0/ jbklp rklmrbpql+ ^ p^_bo ',0 &r+ Rrmlkd^jlp nrb r qbkd^ alp lmrbpqlp+pb^k W0 b V0%Dk,qlk`bp s * X0 < N X s * X1 < N- Rrj^kal X1 ^ ilp alp jfbj_olp ab i^ mofjbo^fdr^ia^a v ^mif`^kal ilp ^uflj^p 4+ 3 X 2+ l_qbkbjlp nrb
U/ * %r * UE&< U/ * M < U/ )
v
U/ * %r* UE&< 'e * r& * UE < N * UE < Uc * N < UE +
Olo `lkpfdrfbkqb W0 < V0* `lk 0/ nrb s qfbkb bu^`q^jbkqb rk lmrbpql+ bi bibjbk,ql %*f&r+
Kjo\^d‡i, Di lmrbpql ab s pb abpfdk^ mlo +s, K^ afcbobk`f^ v , s pb abcfkb`ljl i^ prj^ v * ', t(+
Di qblobj^ pfdrfbkqb jrbpqo^ rk `lkgrkql ab molmfba^abp nrb ofdbk ilp`Ši`rilp ^idb_o^f`lp bibjbkq^ibp bk rk bpm^`fl ifkb^i-
SDNQDL@ 04-2- Bi pi `nk\^dj gdi`\g* _`ndbi`hjn ^ji s ` t _jn `g`h`iojn^p\g`nlpd`m\ v ^ji \ v ] _jn `n^\g\m`n ^p\g`nlpd`m\, Q`i`hjn `ioji^`n g\n kmj+kd`_\_`n ndbpd`io`n8
]( Kr < N-_( \L < N-
/1) Bnk\^djn gdi`\g`n
a( ', \'s < , &\s' < \&+ t(+
a( Pd \s < N+ j ]d`i \ < M j s < N+ j gjn _jn,a( Pd \s < \t v \ ;/; N+ `ioji^`n s < v-b( Pd \s < ]s u s ;/; N+ `ioji^`n \ < ],c( , &s* u( < ' , s' * ' , u( < , s+t,e( s * s < 0s* s) s )s < 1s* v `i b`i`m\g* 6<0 s < is,
Cbjlpqo^objlp ^(+ _( u b( u abg^jlp `ljl bgbo`f`flp i^p abjlpqo^`flkbp ab i^plqo^p molmfba^abp-
A`hjnom\^d‡i _` ^(- Rb^ w< Ls, Cbpb^jlp abjlpqo^o nrb&w< N- Rr,j^kal w ^ pŒjfpjl u ^mif`^kal bi ^uflj^ 8+ bk`lkqo^jlp nrb
w* w < Ls * Ls < 'N * L's < Ls < u ,
Rrjbjlp ^elo^ +u ^ ^j_lp jfbj_olp v l_qbkbjlp u < N-
A`hjnom\^d‡i ab _(- Rb^ w< \L* prj^o w^ pŒjfpjl+ u ^mif`^obi ^uflj^ 7-
A`hjnom\^d‡i ab b(+ Rb^ w< &+\'s, Rrj^kal w ^ \s u ^mif`^kal bi ^ufl,j^ 8+ bk`lkqo^jlp nrb
u * \s < &+\'s * \s < &+\ * \'s < Ls < L*
^pŒnrb u bp bi lmrbpql ab \s* w< +&\s', @kŠild^jbkqb+ pf prj^jlp \&+s' ^\s v ^mif`^jlp bi ^uflj^ 7 v i^ molmfba^a _(+ bk`lkqo^jlp nrb \&+s' < +&\s',
)-&- :WR_PVPV\`
Dk ilp bgbo`f`flp abi 0 ^i 17+ abqbojfk^o pf `^a^ rkl ab ilp `lkgrkqlp a^alp bp rkbpm^`fl ifkb^i ob^i+ pf i^ ^af`fŽk u jriqfmif`^`fŽk mlo bp`^i^obp ob^ibp bpqŠ abcfkfa^ bki^ cloj^ rpr^i- O^o^ ^nrbiilp bk ilp nrb kl bp ^pŒ+ab`fo `rŠibp plk ilp ^uflj^p nrb kl pb`rjmibk- K^p crk`flkbp ab ilp bgbo`f`flp 0 ^i 06 plk ob^ibp- Dk ilp bgbo`f`flp 2+ 3 X 4+ `^a^crk`fŽk qfbkb rk aljfkfl nrb `lkqfbkb N v 0- Dk ilp bgbo`f`flp 6 ^i 01+ `^a^ aljfkfl `lk,qfbkb qlalp ilp k•jbolp ob^ibp-
0- Sla^p i^p crk`flkbp o^`flk^ibp-1- Sla^p i^p crk`flkbp o^`flk^ibp don,lk bi do^al ab /8# nrb bi do^al ab d 'fk`irvbk,
al .:-&+2- Sla^p i^p E `lk .%-&< .%.&+3- Sla^p i^p E`lk /,%-& :,%.&+4- Sla^p i^p E`lk .%.& < 0 * .%-&+5- Sla^p i^p crk`flkbp bp`^ilk^a^p abcfkfa^p bk ZN+0I-6- Sla^p i^p F bk i^p nrb F&s' x N `r^kal s x * ^j *7- Sla^p i^p crk`flkbp m^obp-8- Sla^p i^p crk`flkbp fjm^obp-
Pp]`nk\^djn _` pi `nk\^dj gdi`\g 570
0/- Sla^p i^p crk`flkbp ^`lq^a^p-00- Sla^p i^p crk`flkbp `ob`fbkqbp-01- Sla^p i^p crk`flkbp `lk mboŒlal /$EP+02- Sla^p i^p E fkqbdo^_ibp bk Z/+0\ `lk i E%r&^r< N-
03- Sla^p i^p Efkqbdo^_ibp bk Z/+0\ `lk ia&s'_s x N-04- Sla^p i^p E nrb p^qfpc^`bk E%r&< iN , r& m^o^ qlal r)05- Slalp ilp mlifkljflp ab S^vilo ab do^al z i m^o^ rk i cfgl 'fk`irvbkal bi mlifkl,
jfl `bol(-06- Sla^p i^p plir`flkbp ab rk^ b`r^`fŽk afcbobk`f^i ifkb^i eljld‹kb^ ab pbdrkal loabk
v! * L%r&s$* M%r&s < N+pfbkal L v O crk`flkbp a^a^p+ `lkqfkr^p m^o^ qlal s*07- Sla^p i^p pr`bpflkbp ob^ibp ^`lq^a^p-08- Sla^p i^p pr`bpflkbp ob^ibp `lksbodbkqbp-1/- Sla^p i^p pbofbp ob^ibp `lksbodbkqbp-10- Sla^p i^p pbofbp ob^ibp ^_plirq^jbkqb `lksbodbkqbp-11- Slalp ilp sb`qlobp %r)v+t& ab R2 `lk t < N-12- Slalp ilp sb`qlobp %r)v+ t& ab S 2 `lk r < N l v < N-13- Slalp ilp sb`qlobp %r)v+ t& ab Ud `lk v < 2r+14- Slalp ilp sb`qlobp %r)s)t& ab R
1`lk 0r(1s: 0+ w bb Gh+
15- Slalp ilp sb`qlobp %r)s)t& ab Ud nrb plk molar`qlp ab N+ 1+ 2( mlo bp`^i^obp-16- Slalp ilp sb`qlobp 'u+ v+t& ab S 2 `rvlp `ljmlkbkqbp p^qfpc^`bk rk pfpqbj^ ab qobp b`r^,
`flkbp ifkb^ibp ab i^ cloj^
17- Slalp ilp sb`qlobp ab Rj nrb plk `lj_fk^`flkbp ifkb^ibp ab alp sb`qlobp a^alp = v >+18- Rb^ S < Q*+ bi `lkgrkql ab ilp k•jbolp ob^ibp mlpfqfslp- Cbcfk^jlp i^ ~prj^‚ ab alp
bibjbkqlp r b v ab S `ljl pr molar`ql r* v 'bk bi pbkqfal loafk^ofl(+ v abcfk^jlp i^~jriqfmif`^`fŽk‚ ab rk bibjbkql r ab S mlo rk bp`^i^o _ mlkfbkal r|+ Cbjlpqo^o nrbS bp rk bpm^`fl ifkb^i ob^i `lk bi bibjbkql `bol-
2/- Cbjlpqo^o nrb bi ^uflj^ 0/ kl mrbab abar`fopb ab ilp lqolp ^uflj^p-
XFi_d^\^d‡i8 C^o rk bgbjmil ab rk `lkgrkql S `lk lmbo^`flkbp nrb p^qfpc^d^kilp ^uflj^p abi 0 ^i 8 mbol kl biiN-\
20- Rb^ R bi `lkgrkql ab qlalp ilp m^obp loabk^alp %r) )r<& ab k•jbolp ob^ibp- Dk `^a^ `^plabqbojfk^o pf R bp l kl rk bpm^`fl ifkb^i `lk i^p lmbo^`flkbp ab ^af`fŽk v jriqfmif`^,`fŽk mlo bp`^i^obp abcfkfa^p `ljl pb fkaf`^- Rf bi `lkgrkql kl bp rk bpm^`fl ifkb^i+fkaf`^o `rŠibp plk ilp ^uflj^p nrb kl pb `rjmibk-^( 'Wi&T/& * 'Xi %V0' < 'Wi * XH)T/ * U/&) [%rx )T/& < %[rf) L',_( 'Wi&T/& * 'uz)U/& < 'Wi * uz+N(+ [%Tf) T/& < %[rE) [T/&$`( 'Wi&T/& * 'uz+X1( < 'Wi&T/ * U/&) [%rf )T/& < %[rf) [T/&$a( 'Wi&T/& * 'Xi+ X1( < 'HWi* u10+ Guz* X10(+ [%rf) T/& < %E[rff) f[r/.&+
21- Cbjlpqo^o i^p m^oqbpab i^ a( ^ i^ e( abi qblobj^ 04-2-
)-&. EbOR`]NPV\QRb[ R`]NPV\YV[RNY
C^al rk bpm^`fl ifkb^i S pb^ R rk pr_`lkgrkql kl s^`Œl ab S, Rf R bp q^j,_f‹k rk bpm^`fl ifkb^i+ bkqlk`bp R pb ii^j^ np]`nk\^dj ab S, Di qblobj^ nrb pfdrb
/1+ Bnk\^djn gdi`\g`n
a^ rk pbk`fiil `ofqbofl m^o^ abqbojfk^o pf rk pr_`lkgrkql ab rk bpm^`fl ifkb^ibp l kl rk pr_bpm^`fl-
RCMPCK? 04-3- P`\ R pi np]^jiepioj ij q\^…j _` pi `nk\^dj gdi`\g S,Q\g np]^jiepioj R `n pi np]`nk\^dj ndv n‡gj ndn\odna\^` gjn \sdjh\n _` ^g\pnpm\,
A`hjnom\^d‡i, Rf R bp rk pr_bpm^`fl+ p^qfpc^`bqlalp ilp ^uflj^p ab rkbpm^`fl ifkb^i+v mlo q^kql+bk m^oqf`ri^o+ilp ^uflj^p ab `i^rpro^-
Cbjlpqobjlp ^elo^ nrb pf R p^qfpc^`bilp ^uflj^p ab `i^rpro^+ p^qfpc^`bq^j_f‹k ilp lqolp- K^p ibvbp `lkjrq^qfs^ v ^pl`f^qfs^ m^o^ i^ ^af`fŽk '^uflj^p2 v 3( X ilp ^uflj^p m^o^i^ jriqfmif`^`fŽk mlo bp`^i^obp '^uflj^p abi 6 ^iql(pb p^qfpc^`bk^rqljŠqf`^jbkqb bk R mlonrb plk sŠifalp m^o^ qlalp ilp bibjbkqlpab R+E^iq^ `ljmol_^o ilp ^uflj^p 4 v 5+ i^ bu,fpqbk`f abi bibjbkql `bol bk R+v i^ bufpqbk`f^ab rk lmrbpql m^o^`^a^ bibjbkql ab R-
Rb^ s rk bibjbkql `r^inrfbo^ ab R- 'R qfbkbmlo 0/ jbklp rk bibjbkql v^ nrbkl bp s^`Œl-( Rbd•k bi ^uflj^ 1+\s bpqŠbk R m^o^qlal bp`^i^o \, Slj^kal \ < N+obpriq^ nrb Kr bpqŠbk R- Obol Kr < N+ bk sfoqra abi qblobj^ 04-2 ^(+ `lk 0/`r^i M C R+X pb p^qfpc^`bbi ^uflj^ 4- Slj^kal [ < , 0+sbjlp nrb %*.&rbpqŠbk R- Obol s * &+F's < N v^ nrb s v &+F's bpqŠk^j_lp bk S* ^pŒnrb bi^uflj^ 5 &pbp^qfpc^`bbk R- Olo `lkpfdrfbkqb R bp rk pr_bpm^`fl ab R+
CDEHMHBHˆM- P`\ R pi np]^jiepioj ij q\^…j _` pi `nk\^dj gdi`\g S, Ri`g`h`ioj s _` S _` g\ ajmh\
f
T < z ?xTx){zi
`i _ji_` Wi= ‘‘‘ + Te k`mo`i`^`i oj_jn \ R v Bi= ‘‘‘ + ?e nji `n^\g\m`n*n` _`ijhdi\^jh]di\^d‡i gdi`\g _` `g`h`iojn _` R- Bg ^jiepioj _` oj_\n g\n ^jh]di\^dji`ngdi`\g`n adido\n_` `g`h`iojn _` R n\odna\^` gjn \sdjh\n _` ^g\pnpm\ v kjm o\ioj`n pi np]`nk\^dj _` S, A`^dhjn _` `n` np]`nk\^dj lp` `noƒ b`i`m\_j kjm R+ jo\h]d„i g` gg\h\hjn g\ `iqjgq`io` gdi`\g _` R+v gj _`ndbi\hjn kjm I&P', Pd R`n q\^…j*_`adidhjn I&P' ^jhj vLw*`g ^jiepioj ^jino\ n‡gj _`g `g`h`ioj ^`mj,
Blkgrkqlp afpqfkqlpmrbabk dbkbo^o bi jfpjl pr_bpm^`fl- Olo bgbjmil+ bi bp,m^`fl R0 bpqŠdbkbo^al mlo `^a^ rkl ab ilp pfdrfbkqbp `lkgrkqlp ab sb`qlobp9uc)dv)uc)d)c* dv)uK) c)*c)d) *d) d* gy-Di bpm^`fl ab qlalp ilp mlifkljflp j%n&
ab do^al 9Qi bpqŠdbkbo^al mlo bi `lkgrkql ab i * 0mlifkljflp x0+o*x*,,, *q! y-S^j_f‹k bpqŠdbkbo^al mlo bi `lkgrkql x0+o-0* z.2+ --- +o!-&i * 0(y v mlo
x0+'0 * \n&) '0 * V+ --- +'0 * n&!v+Di bpm^`fl ab qlalp ilp mlifkljflp bpqŠdb,kbo^al mlo bi `lkgrkql fkcfkfql ab ilp mlifkljflp x0+o,x*, , , w,
@i iibd^o ^nrŒ prodbk ab jlal k^qro^i krjbolp^p mobdrkq^p-Olo bgbjmil+ƒnr‹ bpm^`flp mrbabk dbkbo^opbmlo rk k•jbol cfkfqlab bibjbkqlp ƒRf rk bpm^`flbpqŠdbkbo^al mlo rk k•jbol cfkfql ab bibjbkqlp+ `rŠi bp bi jbklo k•jbol abbibjbkqlp kb`bp^oflp> O^o^afp`rqfo bpq^p`rbpqflkbp v lqo^p `lk bii^p obi^`flk^a^p
@jiepiojn _`k`i_d`io`n ` di_`k`i_d`io`n `i pi `nk\^dj gdi`\g 461
fkqolar`fjlp ilp `lk`bmqlp ab _`k`i_`i^d\* di_`k`i_`i^d\* ]\n`n v _dh`ind‡i,X^ bk bi `^mŒqril 01 bk`lkqo^jlp bp^p fab^p ^i bpqraf^o bi bpm^`fl sb`qlof^i Rh
@elo^ s^jlp ^ buqbkaboi^p^ bpm^`flp ifkb^ibp ab qfml dbkbo^i-
)-&/ 8\[Wb[a\` QR]R[QVR[aR`R V[QR]R[QVR[aR`R[ b[ R`]NPV\YV[RNY
CDEHMHBHˆM- Ri ^jiepioj P _` `g`h`iojn _` pi `nk\^dj gdi`\g S n` gg\h\_`k`i_d`io` pf `sdno` pi ^jiepioj adidoj _` `g`h`iojn _dnodiojn _` P* Vh= ŠŠŠ + sd*t pi ^jmm`nkji_d`io` ^jiepioj _` `n^\g\m`n `h+ ŠŠŠ+ ^d* ij oj_jn ^`mj* o\g`n lp`
f
F@dUd < N-8.:
Bg ^jiepioj P n` gg\h\ di_`k`i_d`io` pf ij `n _`k`i_d`io`, Bi o\g ^\nj* ^p\g`n+lpd`m\ lp` n`\i gjn `g`h`iojn _dnodiojn Tx) +++ ) s* _` P t gjn `n^\g\m`n `h+ ŠŠŠ+ ]c)
f
x @}U} < My p pfzi
dhkgd^\ _f < Bw < --- < ?e < M -
Rf _fbk i^ abmbkabk`f^ u i^ fkabmbkabk`f^ plk molmfba^abpab ilp `lkgrkqlpab bibjbkqlp+ mlabjlp q^j_f‹k ^mif`^o bp^p abkljfk^`flkbp ^ ilp bibjbkqlpjfpjlp- Olo bgbjmil+ ilp bibjbkqlp ab rk `lkgrkql fkabmbkafbkqbpb ii^j^k bib,jbkqlp fkabmbkafbkqbp-
Rf O bp rk `lkgrkql cfkfql+i^ abcfkf`fŽk ^kqboflo bpqŠab ^`rboal `lk i^ a^a^bk bi `^mŒqril01 m^o^bi bpm^`fl RiŠ Ml l_pq^kqb+i^ abcfkf`fŽk a^a^ ^nrŒkl bpqŠobpqofkdfa^ `lkgrkqlp cfkfqlp-
DIDLOKN 0- Rf rk pr_`lkgrkql Q ab rk `lkgrkql P bp abmbkafbkqb+bi jfpjlP `n _`k`i_d`io`, Dpql bp iŽdf`^jbkqb bnrfs^ibkqb ^ i^ ^cfoj^`fŽk ab nrb qlalpr_`lkgrkql ab rk `lkgrkql fkabmbkafbkqbbp fkabmbkafbkqb-
DIDLOKN 1- Rf rk bibjbkql ab O bp bi molar`ql ab lqol mlo rk bp`^i^o+Rbp abmbkafbkqb-
DIDLOKN 2- Rf N D R+bkqlk`bp O bp abmbkafbkqb-
DIDLOKN 3- Di `lkgrkql s^`Œl bp fkabmbkafbkqb-
Dk bi `^mŒqril01 crbolk afp`rqfalp jr`elp bgbjmilp ab `lkgrkqlp abmbkafbk,qbpb fkabmbkafbkqbp-Klp bgbjmilp nrb ^ `lkqfkr^`fŽk pb `ljbkq^k+ firpqo^k bplp`lk`bmqlp bk bpm^`flp crk`flk^ibp- Dk `^a^ `^pl bi bpm^`fl ifkb^i crka^jbkq^i Sbp bi `lkgrkql ab qla^p i^p crk`flkbp ob^ibpabcfkfa^p bk i^ ob`q^ ob^i-
/1- Bnk\^djn gdi`\g`n
DIDLOKN 4- Rb^k pg&o'< `lp! o* p0&o' < pbk! o* p\&o' < 0 m^o^ qlal k•jb,ol ob^i o, K^ fabkqfa^a mfq^dŽof` morb_^ nrb p* * Q0 + S^ < N+ ^pŒnrb i^p qobpcrk`flkbp p+*p0* p9 plk abmbkafbkqbp-
DIDLOKN 5- Rb^ Qe%n&< oe m^o^ f < N+ 0+ 1+ --- + v o ob^i- Di `lkgrkqlR < uoj* Sh+ Q0* ŠŠŠ w bp fkabmbkafbkqb-O^o^ abjlpqo^o bpql+_^pq^ abjlpqo^o nrbm^o^ `^a^ i ilp i * 0 mlifkljflp p,* p,* ,,, * Ri plk fkabmbkafbkqbp-Tk^ obi^,`fŽk ab i^ cloj^ I ?eQe < N pfdkfcf`^ nrb
'04-0(
m^o^ qlal ob^i o, Br^kal o < N+ bk`lkqo^jlp nrb Bl < N- Qbmfqfbkal bi mol`bpl+bk`lkqo^jlp nrb `^a^ `lbcf`fbkqb ?e bp `bol-
DIDLOKN 6- Rf ^i&--- + \,9 plk k•jbolp ob^ibp afpqfkqlp+i^p i crk`flkbpbumlkbk`f^ibp
plk fkabmbkafbkqbp-Olabjlp abjlpqo^o bpql mlo fkar``fŽk pl_ob i, Di obpriq^albp qofsf^i `r^kal i < 0- Olo `lkpfdrfbkqb+ prmlkd^jlp nrb bp sŠifa^ m^o^ i + 0crk`flkbp bumlkbk`f^ibp v `lkpfabobjlp ilp bp`^i^obp Ah+ ŠŠŠ+ `9 q^ibp nrb
'04-1(i
-K]e_[er < N-Q_R
Rb^ [y bi j^vlo ab ilp h k•jbolp ^i&--- +\ij Lriqfmif`^kal ^j_lp jfbj_olp ab'04-1( mlo `+\ I!$) l_qbkbjlp
'04-2(i
-K]e_%[e*[I&!$+: N-Q_R
Rf e :.: L+ bi k•jbol [e * [o bp kbd^qfsl- Olo `lkpfdrfbkqb+ `r^kal r w * NB bki^ b`r^`fŽk'04-2(+`^a^ q‹ojfkl `lk e:f:I qfbkab^ `bol v bk`lkqo^jlp nrb BL < N-Rrmofjfbkal bi q‹ojfkl L,‹pfjl ab '04-1( v ^mif`^kal i^ efmŽqbpfpab fkar``fŽk+bk`lkqo^jlp nrb `^a^ rkl ab ilp i + 0 obpq^kqbplbcf`fbkqbp `* bp `bol-
SDNQDL@ 04--4- P`\ R pi ^jiepioj di_`k`i_d`io` lp` ^jino\ _` f `g`h`iojn_` pi `nk\^dj gdi`\g S u n`\ I&P' `g np] `nk\^dj b`i`m\_j %kjmR- Bioji^`n oj_j^jiepioj _` f * 0 `g`h`iojn _` I&P' `n _`k`i_d`io`,
?\n`n v _dh`ind‡i 574
A`hjnom\^d‡i, Br^kal S < Si* bi qblobj^ 04-4 pb obar`b ^i 01-7- Rf bu^jfk^jlp i^ abjlpqo^`fŽk abi 01-7 bk`lkqo^jlp nrb •kf`^jbkqb pb _^p^ bk bieb`el ab nrb Si bp rk bpm^`fl ifkb^i v kl bk lqo^ molmfba^a m^oqf`ri^o ab SiŠ
Olo `lkpfdrfbkqb i^ abjlpqo^`fŽk a^a^ m^o^ bi qblobj^ 01-7 bp sŠifa^ m^o^ rk
bpm^`fl ifkb^i S `r^inrfbo^-
)-&0 A^pbp u QVZR[`Vp[
CDEHMHBHˆM- Ri ^jiepioj adidoj P _` `g`h`iojn _` pi `nk\^dj gdi`\g S n`gg\h\ ]\n` adido\ _` S nd P `n di_`k`i_d`io` v b`i`m\ S, Bg `nk\^dj S `n _`_dh`ind‡i adido\ nd od`i` pi\ ]\n` adido\, A` jomj hj_j* S `n _` diadido\n _dh`i+
ndji`n,
SDNQDL@ 04-5- P`\ S pi `nk\^dj gdi`\g _` _dh`ind‡i adido\, Bioji^`n oj_\]\n` adido\ _` S od`i` `g hdnhj iˆh`mj _` `g`h`iojn,
A`hjnom\^d‡i, Rb^k P v Q alp _^pbp cfkfq^p ab S, Rrmlkd^jlp nrb P v Q`lkpq^k obpmb`qfs^jbkqb ab f u h bibjbkqlp- Orbpql nrb P bp fkabmbkafbkqb u bk,dbkao^ R) bi qblobj^ 04-4 klp af`b nrb qlal `lkgrkql ab e * 0 bibjbkqlp ab Rbp abmbkafbkqb- Olo `lkpfdrfbkqb+ qlal `lkgrkql ab jŠp ab f bibjbkqlp ab S bpabmbkafbkqb- X^ nrb P bp rk `lkgrkql fkabmbkafbkqb+ ab_b pbo h 8889e+Di jfpjlo^wlk^jfbkql `lk P v Q fkqbo`^j_f^a^p9 morb_^ nrb f 8889h, Olo il q^kql f < h,
CDEHMHBHˆM- Pd pi `nk\^dj gdi`\g S od`i` pi\ ]\n` _` i `g`h`iojn* `g `i+o`mj i n` gg\h\ _dh`ind‡i _` S, Bn^md]dhjn i < afj S,
DIDLOKN 0- Di bpm^`fl Ri qfbkb afjbkpfŽk i, Tk^ _^pb bp bi `lkgrkql abilp h sb`qlobp `lloabk^alp rkfq^oflp-
DIDLOKN 1- Di bpm^`fl ab qlalp ilp mlifkljflp j%n& ab do^al 999:i qfbkbafjbkpfŽk i * 0- Tk^ _^pb bp bi `lkgrkql ab i * 0 mlifkljflp x 0+ o*o!*,,, *oh
v+
Slal mlifkljfl ab do^al f: h bp rk^ `lj_fk^`fŽk ifkb^i ab bplp h * 0 mlif,kljflp-
DIDLOKN 2- Di bpm^`fl ab i^p plir`flkbp ab i^ b`r^`fŽk afcbobk`f^iv! , 0t% + 2v < N qfbkb afjbkpfŽk 1- Tk^ _^pb bpqŠ cloj^a^ mlo i^p alp crk,`flkbp ox%r&< `+s* o0%r&< _!) Sla^ plir`fŽk bp rk^ `lj_fk^`fŽk ifkb^i abbp^p alp9
DIDLOKN 3- Di bpm^`fl ab qlalp ilp mlifkljflp j%n& bp ab fkcfkfq^p afjbk,pflkbp- Di `lkgrkql fkcfkfql x0+ o*o!*,,, w dbkbo^ bpqb bpm^`fl v kfkd•k `lkgrkqladidoj ab mlifkljflp dbkbo^ bi bpm^`fl-
/1/ Bnk\^djn gdi`\g`n
RCMPCK? 04-6- P`\ S pi `nk\^dj gdi`\g _` _dh`ind‡i adido\ ^ji afj S < i,P` od`i`8
]( @p\glpd`m ^jiepioj _` `g`h`iojn di_`k`i_d`io` _` S `n pi np]^jiepioj_` pi\ ^d`mo\ ]\n` k\m\ S,
_( @p\glpd`m ^jiepioj _` i `g`h`iojn di_`k`i_d`io`n `n pi\ ]\n` k\m\ S,
A`hjnom\^d‡i, K^ abjlpqo^`fŽk ab ^( bp fa‹kqf`^ ^ i^ ab i^ m^oqb _( abiqblobj^ 01-0/- K^ abjlpqo^`fŽk ab _( bp fa‹kqf`^ ^ i^ ab i^ m^oqb b( abi qblobj^01-0/-
Rb^ R rk bpm^`fl ifkb^i ab afjbkpfŽk i v `lkpfabobjlp rk^ _^pb `rvlpbibjbkqlp `g%,,, * `i pb qlj^k bk rk `fboql loabk- Tk^ q^i _^pb loabk^a^ i^ `lk,pfabo^jlp `ljl rk^ k,mi^ &`! ,* , * `i', Rf U D S* mlabjlp bumobp^o s `ljl rk^`lj_fk^`fŽk ifkb^i ab bplp bibjbkqlp _^pb9
'04-3(h
V < ^d`dŠ<-&
Klp `lbcf`fbkqbp bk bpq^ b`r^`flk abqbojfk^k rk^ k,mi^ ab k•jbolp '`h+ ŠŠŠ+ `j(nrb bpqŠ rkŒsl`^jbkqb abqbojfk^a^ mlo s, Dk bcb`ql+ pf qbkbjlp lqo^ obmobpbk,q^`fŽk ab s `ljl `lj_fk^`fŽk ifkb^i ab `g% ,,, * `i* mlo bgbjmil s < z0_,`* *obpq^kal ab '04+3( bk`lkqo^jlp nrb yh'b+ , _d'`d < N- Obol v^ nrb ilp bib,jbkqlp _^pb plk fkabmbkafbkqbp+ bpl fjmif`^ nrb AG< ^) m^o^ `^a^ c)`lk 0/ `r^i'_h+ ŠŠŠ+ _h& < &_! ,,, *_h&+
Klp `ljmlkbkqbp ab i^ k,mH loabk^a^ '`h+ ŠŠŠ+ ^h& abqbojfk^a^ mlo '04-3(pb ii^j^k ^jhkji`io`n _` s m`nk`^oj \ g\ ]\n` jm_`i\_\ &`g%,,, * `i',
)-&1 :WR_PVPV\`
Dk `^a^ rkl ab ilp bgbo`f`flp abi 0 ^i 0/+ R bp bi%r)v+w( ab S 2 `rvlp `ljmlkbkqbp p^qfpc^`bk i^ `lkaf`fŽkrk pr_bpm^`fl ab S 2& Rf 0/ bp+`^i`ri^o afj R-
0- s < N-0, s * t < N-1, s * t * w < N-1+s ;t,3, s < t < u*
`lkgrkql ab qlalp ilp sb`qlobpnrb pb a^- Cbqbojfk^o pf R bp
3+ s < t lo s < u*5, s0 + t0 < N-5+ s * t < 0-7, V < 0s u u < 1s,
.-+ s * t * u < N X s + t + u < N-
Rb^ O- bi bpm^`fl ifkb^i ab qlalp ilp mlifkljflp ab do^al 9p: i* pfbkal i cfgl- Dk `^a^bgbo`f`fl abi 00 ^i 1/+ pb^ R bi `lkgrkql ab qlalp ilp mlifkljflp . ab m- nrb p^qfpc^`bk i^`lkaf`fŽk a^a^- Cbqbojfk^o pf R bp rk pr_bpm^`fl ab L h| Rf il bp+`^i`ri^o afj R-00- .'/( < N-01- .&'/( < N-
Mmj_p^ojndio`mdjm`n*nk\^djn `p^g…_`jn,Kjmh\n /10
02- c!'/( < N-.1+ .%-&* .&'/( < M+.2+ .%-&< .%.&+.3+ .%-&< .%/&+/5, Ebp m^o-.5+ Ebp fjm^o-/7, Ebp ab do^al 49f* pfbkal f ; i* l E< N-0., Ebp ab do^al e+ pfbkal e ; i* l E< N-10- Dk bi bpm^`fl ifkb^i ab qlalp ilp mlifkljflp ob^ibp j%n&+abp`of_fo bi pr_bpm^`fl bkdbk
ao^al mlo `^a^ rkl ab ilp pfdrfbkqbp lkgrkqlp ab mlifkljflp v abqbojfk^o pr afjbkpfŽk+'^( xi- od*o2w9 '_( vo*q2+oPw9 'b( vo*odw9 'a( xi * o*'i * q(0y-
11- Dk bpqbbgbo`f`fl+I&P' bp bi pr_bpm^`fl dbkbo^al mlo rk pr_`lkgrkql P ab rk bpm^`flifkb^i R+Cbjlpqo^o i^p molmlpf`flkbp ab i^ ^( ^ i^ b(-]( P p9:I&P',_( RfR o9: SR9: Tu pf P bp rk pr_bpm^`fl ab R+ bkqlk`bp H%O&o9: P+Dpq^molmfba^a pbbumobp af`fbkal nrb I&P' bp bi g_hil pr_bpm^`fl ab S nrb `lkqfbkb P,b( Tk pr_`lkgrkql P ab S bp rk pr_bpm^`fl ab S pf u pŽil pf I&P' < P,a( Rf R p9: P p9: R) bkqlk`bp H%O&p9:olc+b( Rf P X Q plk pr_bpm^`flp ab S* q^j_f‹k il bp R c!&[ Q,.& Rf O X P plk pr_`lkgrkqlp ab R) bkqlk`bp H%Oc!&[neO78$H%O&c!&[olc+d( C^o rk bgbjmil bk bi nrb H%O%&S(z H%O&c!&[H%P&+
12- Rb^ U bi bpm^`fl ifkb^i ab qla^p i^p crk`flkbp ob^ibpabcfkfa^p bk i^ ob`q^ ob^i- Cbqbo,jfk^o pf `^a^ rkl ab ilp pfdrfbkqbppr_`lkgrkqlp ab R bp abmbkafbkqbl fkabmbkafbkqb-B^i`ri^o i^ afjbkpfŽk abi pr_bpm^`fl dbkbo^al mlo `^a^ `lkgrkql-'^( xi+oC*b!ii&y+\ x ], 'b( x`lp s* pbksw,'_( voC*soCw, 'c( x`lphu+pbkhsw,
'`( xi+GD+soCw, 'e( xi+`lp 1u+pbkhsw,'a( voC*soC* oqEy- 'f( xpbks* pbk0sw,'b( v`:m*+* `lpe sw, 'g( v`:mlp s* `+gg%pbksw,
13- Rb^k S rk bpm^`fl ifkb^i ab afjbkpfŽk cfkfq^+v P rk pr_bpm^`fl ab S, Cbjlpqo^o `^a^rk^ ab i^p molmlpf`flkbp pfdrfbkqbp-^( P bp ab afjbkpfŽk cfkfq^v afj P 49 afj S,_( afj P < afj S pf v pŽil pf P < S,b( Sla^ _^pb ab P bp m^oqbab rk^ _^pb ab S,a( Tk^ _^pb ab S kl `lkqfbkb kb`bp^of^jbkqb rk^ _^pb ab P,
04-0/ Oolar`qlp fkqboflobp-bpm^`flp br`iŒablp- Mloj^p
Dk i^ FbljbqoŒ^ br`iŒab^ loafk^of^+ ^nrbii^p molmfba^abpnrb `rbkq^k `lki^ mlpf_fifa^a ab jbafo ilkdfqrabp ab pbdjbkqlp ob`qfiŒkblpu Škdrilp cloj^alp mloob`q^p pb ii^j^k molmfba^abph„omd^\n,Dk krbpqol bpqrafl ab REE$abcfkfjlp i^pilkdfqrabp v ilp Škdrilp bk crk`fŽk abi molar`ql bp`^i^o- Prbobjlp ^elo^ buqbk,abo bp^p fab^p ^ bpm^`flp ifkb^ibp jŠp dbkbo^ibp-Oofjbol fkqolar`fobjlp rk^ db,kbo^ifw^`fŽk abi molar`ql bp`^i^o+ nrb ii^j^objlp& kmj_p^oj dio`mdjm*v irbdlabcfkfobjlp i^ ilkdfqra u bi Škdril zk crk`fŽk ab bpqbmolar`ql fkqboflo-
/11 Bnk\^djn gdi`\g`n
Di molar`ql bp`^i^o s} v ab alp sb`qlobp s < &Ug< ŠŠŠ * si' b v < 'XH+ ‘-‘ Vi'ab Rh pb abcfkfŽ bk bi `^mŒqril 01 mlo i^ cŽojri^
'04-4(i
t 9V < UdV9,45*
Dk rk bpm^`fl ifkb^i dbkbo^i+bp`of_fjlp %r) u( bk ird^o ab r +u m^o^ilp molar`qlpfkqboflobp+v abcfkfjlp bi molar`ql ^ufljŠqf`^jbkqb v kl jbaf^kqb rk^ cŽojri^-Dpql bp+bpq^_ib`bjlp rk^p `fboq^p molmfba^abp nrb nrbobjlp nrb p^qfpc^d^kilpmolar`qlp fkqboflobpv i^p `lkpfabo^jlp `ljl \sdjh\n,
CDEHMHBHˆM- Ri `nk\^dj gdi`\g m`\g S od`i` pi kmj_p^oj dio`mdjmnd \ ^\_\k\m _` `g`h`iojn s ` u _` S ^jmm`nkji_` pi iˆh`mj m`\g ˆid^j &s*u( lp` n\odn+a\^` gjn ndbpd`io`n \sdjh\n ^p\g`nlpd`m\ lp` n`\i s* v+ w _` S v k\m\ oj_jn gjn`n^\g\m`n m`\g`n `-
0( %r)s& < %s)r&1( &s*s * w( < &s*s& * &s*w(2( ]%r)s& < %_r)s&3( %r)r& = N mc r vi9 M
&^jihpo\odqd_\_* l ndh`om…\',&_dnomd]podqd_\_*l gdi`\gd_\_',&\nj^d\odqd_\_*p cjhjb`i`d_\_',&kjndodqd_\_',
Tk bpm^`fl ifkb^i `lk rk molar`ql fkqboflo pb ii^j^ `nk\^dj m`\g `p^g…_`j,
L]n`mq\^d‡i8 G^`fbkal ` < N bk '2(- bk`lkqo^jlp nrb &L, u( < N m^o^ qlal u-
Dk rk bpm^`fl ifkb^i `ljmibgl+ rk molar`ql fkqboflo %r) u( bp rk k•jbol`ljmibgl nrb p^qfpc^`bilp jfpjlp ^uflj^p nrb ilp abi molar`ql fkqboflo ob^i+bu`bmql bi ab i^ pfjbqoŒ nrb pb obbjmi^w^ mlo i^ obi^`fŽk
'0&( 'u+s& < %s)r& )
pfbkal %s)r& bi `ljmibgl `lkgrd^al ab %s)r&+ Dk bi ^uflj^ ab eljldbkbfa^a+ bijriqfmif`^alo bp`^i^o ` mrbab pbo `r^inrfbo k•jbol `ljmibgl- Cbi ^uflj^ ab i^eljldbkbfa^a v '0&(+iibd^jlp ^ i^ obi^`fŽk
%r)_s&< %_s)r& < ]%s)r& < ]%r)s& +
Tk bpm^`fl ifkb^i `ljmibgl `lk rk molar`ql fkqboflopb ii^j^ `nk\^dj `p^g…_`j^jhkg`ej, '@ sb`bp pb rp^ q^j_f‹k i^ abkljfk^`fŽk ab `nk\^dj pido\mdj,' Tkbgbjmil bp bi bpm^`fl sb`qlof^i `ljmibgl Rh%?&_obsbjbkqb afp`rqfal bk i^ pb`l_†‡j 01-05-
@rknrb klp fkqbobp^kmofk`fm^ijbkqb ilp bgbjmilp ab bpm^`flp br`iŒablp ob^,ibp+ilp qblobj^p ab bpqb`^mŒqrilplk sŠifalp m^o^ bpm^`flp br`iŒablp `ljmibglp-
Mmj_p^ojn dio`mdjm`n*`nk\^djn `p^g…_`jn, Kjmh\n /12
Br^kal ab`fjlp bpm^`fl br`iŒabl pfk jŠp+ bkqbkabobjlp nrb mrbab pbo ob^i l`ljmibgl-
Di ib`qlo ab_fbo^ `ljmol_^o nrb `^a^ bgbjmil nrb pfdrb p^qfpc^`bqlalp ilp^uflj^p abi molar`ql fkqboflo-
DIDLOKN 0- Dk Si pb^ %r)u( < T$ s- bi molar`ql bp`^i^o loafk^ofl ab r b u-
DIDLOKN 1- Rf s < &Ug%s0' b V < 'Xi +V0' plk alp sb`qlobp ab R0* abcfkf,jlp %r) u( jbaf^kqb i^ cŽojri^
Dpqbbgbjmil mlkb ab j^kfcfbpql nrb mrbabk bufpqfojŠp ab rk molar`ql fkqboflobk rk bpm^`fl ifkb^i a^al-
DIDLOKN 2- Rb^ ?%[) \& bi bpm^`fl ifkb^i ab qla^p i^p crk`flkbp ob^ibp `lk,qfkr^p bk rk fkqbos^il W[)\Y+ Cbcfk^jlp rk molar`ql fkqboflo ab alp crk`flkbp` v d `lk&i^ cŽojri^
&G*d( <G8a&o'b&o'_o,
Dpq^cŽojri^ bp ^kŠild^ ^ i^ b`r^`fŽk '04-4( nrb abcfkb bi molar`ql bp`^i^o ab alpsb`qlobp bk RiŠ Klp s^ilobp ab i^p crk`flkbp `%n&u a%n&abpbjmb•^k bi m^mbiabilp `ljmlkbkqbp s* b Xf u i^ fkqbdo^`fŽkbi ab i^ prj^-
DIDLOKN 3- Dk bi bpm^`fl ?%[) \&) abcfkfjlp
&G*d( ;G8 r&o'a&o'b&o'_o*
alkab s bp rk^ crk`fŽk mlpfqfs^cfg ab @&\*]', S^i crk`fŽk pb ii^j^ api^d‡i k`nj,Dk bi bgbjmil 2 qbkbjlp q%n&< 0 m^o^qlal o,
DIDLOKN 4- Dk bi bpm^`fl ifkb^i ab qlalp ilp mlifkljflp ob^ibp-abcfkfjlp
%F)d( < aj!! `+oy&o'b&o'_o ,
Cb_fal ^i c^`qlo bumlkbk`f^i+ bpq^ fkqbdo^i fjmolmf^ `lksbodb m^o^ qlal m^o abmlifkljflp ` u d-
/2) Bnk\^djn gdi`\g`n
SDNQDL@ 04-7- Bi pi `nk\^dj `p^g…_`j S* oj_j kmj_p^oj dio`mdjmn\odna\^`g\ _`ndbp\g_\_ _` @\p^ct+P^cr\mu8
x%r)s&./ Q %r) r&%s)s& k\m\ oj_j s u oj_j t `i S,
>_`hƒn* `g ndbij _` dbp\g_\_ `n qƒgd_j ndv n‡gj nds ` v nji _`k`i_d`io`n,
A`hjnom\^d‡i, Br^kal pb abjlpqoŽ bi obpriq^al ^kŠildl m^o^ ilp sb`qlobpbk s+ 'qblobj^ 01-2(+ pb efwl obp^iq^onrb i^ abjlpqo^`fŽk bo^ rk^ `lkpb`rbk`f^ab i^p molmfba^abpabi molar`ql bp`^i^o `fq^a^p bk bi qblobj^ 01-1 v kl pb efwlabmbkaboab i^ abcfkf`fŽk m^oqf`ri^orqfifw^a^ m^o^abar`fo bp^pmolmfba^abp-Olo ilq^kql+i^ jfpj^ abjlpqo^`fŽk bp sŠifa^ bk `r^inrfbo bpm^`fl br`iŒabl ob^i- Br^kal^mif`^jlp bp^ abjlpqo^`fŽk bk rk bpm^`fl br`iŒabl `ljmibgl+ l_qbkbjlp i^ abpf,dr^ia^a 'u+ t'&t* s' Q &s*s'&t*t'* nrb `lfk`fab `lk i^ abpfdr^ia^a ab B^r`ev,R`et^ow v^ nrb
%r)s&%s)r& < %r)s&%r)s& < x%r)s&./ †
DIDLOKN- @mif`^kal bi qblobj^ 04-7 ^i bpm^`fl ?%[) \& `lk bi molar`qlfkqboflo &a9d( < `wa&o'b&o'_o*bk`lkqo^jlp nrb i^ abpfdr^ia^a ab B^r`ev,R`et^owpb qo^kpcloj^ bk
Di molar`ql fkqboflo mrbab rqfifw^opbm^o^ fkqolar`fo bi `lk`bmql j‹qof`l abilkdfqra bk `r^inrfbo bpm^`fl br`iŒabl-
CDEHMHBHˆM- Bi pi `nk\^dj `p^g…_`j S* `g iˆh`mj ij i`b\odqj Ghthh_`ddid_jkjm g\ `^p\^d‡i
Yt[ < %r)W(0.1
n` _`ijhdi\ ijmh\ _`g `g`h`ioj s,
Br^kal i^ abpfdr^ia^a ab B^r`ev,R`et^ow pb bumobp bk crk`fŽk ab i^p klo,j^p+ qlj^ i^ cloj^
h't+u(0Q Yt[ fEsff +
Orbpql nrb bp mlpf_ib abcfkfo rk molar`ql fkqboflo ab jr`e^p j^kbo^p+ i^kloj^ ab rk bibjbkql abmbkaboŠabi molar`ql fkqboflobibdfal- Dpq^c^iq^ ab rkf,
Lmojbji\gd_\_ `i pi `nk\^dj `p^g…_`j 580
`fa^a bo^ ab bpmbo^o-Dpqb eb`el bp ^kŠildl ^i ab nrb mlabjlp ^pfdk^o k•jbolpafpqfkqlp ^ i^ jbafa^ ab i^ ilkdfqra ab rk pbdjbkql ob`qfiŒkbl a^al+ pbd•k i^bib``fŽk ab bp`^i^ l rkfa^a ab jbafa^- Di qblobj^ nrb pfdrb a^ i^p molmfba^abpcrka^jbkq^ibp ab i^p kloj^p nrb kl abmbkabk ab i^ bib``fŽk ab molar`ql fkqboflo-
RCMPCK? 04-8- Bi pi `nk\^dj `p^g…_`j* oj_\ ijmh\ od`i` g\n kmjkd`_\_`nndbpd`io`n k\m\ oj_jn gjn `g`h`iojn s ` v+ t oj_jn gjn `n^\g\m`n `9
^( Zu\ < M pf s < N-_( Zu\ = N pf s x M &kjndodqd_\_',b( Zbu\ < Ya[ Ghthh &cjhjb`i`d_\_',a( Zu * uhhQ: Zu\ * Ghuhh &_`ndbp\g_\_ omd\ibpg\m',
Bg ndbij _` dbp\g_\_ `n qƒgd_j `i g\ _`ndbp\g_\_ omd\ibpg\m pf v n‡gj pf s ` v nji_`k`i_d`io`n,
A`hjnom\^d‡i, K^p molmfba^abp ^(+ _( v b( pb abar`bk fkjbaf^q^jbkqb abilp ^uflj^p abi molar`ql fkqboflo- O^o^ abjlpqo^o a( l_pbosbjlp nrb
Efr * sff/ < %r* s) r * s& < 'u+ r& * %s)s& * %r)s& * %s)r& :
< GGth01* hGuh01* 'u+ s& * %r)s& +
K^ prj^ 'u+ u( * 'u+ s& bp ob^i- K^ abpfdr^ia^a ab B^r`ev,R`et^ow morb_^ nrb
E%r)u(0 R: GhthhGhuhhu nrb h't+u(0 R: GhthhGhuhh+^pŒnrb qbkbjlp
Zu* uh01Q: GGthh1* GGuh01* 100thhGhuhh< '00thh* Ghuhh(1-
Dpql abjrbpqo^ a(- Di pfdkl ab fdr^ia^a bk a( bp sŠifal pfbjmob nrb il pb^ bk i^abpfdr^ia^a ab B^r`ev,R`et^ow-
CDEHMHBHˆM- Bi pi `nk\^dj `p^g…_`j m`\g S* `g ƒibpgj ajmh\_j kjm _jn `g`+h`iojn ij ipgjn s ` v n` _`adi` ^jhj `g iˆh`mj ` _`g dio`mq\gj M Q: ` Q: 4P lp`n\odna\^` g\ `^p\^d‡i
'04-5( `lp %d< %r)t' ,Ghthhhhuhh
L]n`mq\^d‡i8 K^ abpfdr^ia^a ab B^r`ev,R`et^ow morb_^ nrb bi `l`fbkqb abi pb,drkal jfbj_ol ab '04-5( bpqŠ bk bi fkqbos^il Y,0+0[+pŒnrb bufpqb pŽil rk '( bkZN+%/QZ `rvl `lpbkl bp fdr^i ^i ab bpqb `l`fbkqb-
)-&)) B_a\T\[NYVQNQR[ b[ R`]NPV\RbPYoQR\
CDEHMHBHˆM- Bi pi `nk\^dj `p^g…_`j S* _jn `g`h`iojn s ` u n` gg\h\i jmoj+bji\g`n pf np kmj_p^oj dio`mdjm `n ^`mj, Ri np]^jidpioj P _` S `n pi ^jidpioj
/2+ Bnk\^djn gdi`\g`n
jmojbji\g nd &s*u( < M k\m\ oj_j k\m _` `g`h`iojn _dnodiojns ` u _` Q- Ri ^ji+epioj jmojbji\g n` gg\h\ jmojijmh\g nd^\_\ pij _` npn `g`h`iojn od`i` ijmh\ /,
Di bibjbkql `bol bp loqldlk^i ^ qlal bibjbkql ab S9 bp bi •kf`l bibjbkqlloqldlk^i ^ pŒjfpjl- Di pfdrfbkqb qblobj^ abjrbpqo^ rk^ obi^`fŽk bkqobloqldlk^,ifa^a v abmbkabk`f^-
SDNQDL@ 04-0/- Bi pi `nk\^dj `p^g…_`j S* oj_j ^jiepioj jmojbji\g _``g`h`iojn ij ipgjn `n di_`k`i_d`io`, Bi k\mod^pg\m*i pi `nk\^dj `p^g…_`j _`_dh`ind‡i adido\ ^ji afj S < i* oj_j ^jiepioj jmojbji\g lp` ^jino` _` i `g`+h`iojn ij ipgjn `n pi\ ]\n` k\m\ S,
A`hjnom\^d‡i, Rb^ R rk `lkgrkql loqldlk^i ab bibjbkqlp kl krilp ab S*v prmlkd^jlp nrb rk^ `fboq^ `lj_fk^`fŽk ifkb^i cfkfq^ab bibjbkqlp ab R bp `bol+pb^
f
I@dUc < /+8.:
alkab `^a^ rx D R- Eloj^kal bi molar`ql bp`^i^o ab `^a^ jfbj_ol mlo Tf vqbkfbkal bk `rbkq^ nrb &Ug% Ud' < N pf d 6&<0+ bk`lkqo^jlp nrb BH'WH+ r)& < N-Obol %r) ) Ug' 6&<N v^ nrb Ug 6&<M `lk il `r^i A0 < N- Qbmfqfbkal bi o^wlk^jfbkql`^j_f^kal Tf mlo r+) bk`lkqo^jlp nrb `^a^ _x < N-Dpql morb_^ nrb R bp fkabmbk,afbkqb- Rf afj S < i v pf R `lkpq^ ab i bibjbkqlp+ bi qblobj^ 04-6 _( abjrbpqo^nrb R bp rk^ _^pb m^o^R+
DIDLOKN- Dk bi bpm^`fl ifkb^i ob^i B'N+ 166!( `lk bi molar`ql fkqboflo'g+d( < `w!a&s'b&s'_s* pb^ R bi `lkgrkql ab i^p crk`flkbp qofdlklj‹qof`^p xrl+
S!
z1& ‘‘‘ y a^a^p mlo
pj&s' < 0+ R0i+/&U' < `lp is * p/h&s' < pbk is* m^o^ i < 0+1+----
Pd h 6&< i* qbkbjlp i^p obi^`flkbp ab loqldlk^ifa^a
^pŒnrb R bp rk `lkgrkql loqldlk^i- Orbpql nrb kfkd•k bibjbkql ab R bp bi bib,jbkql `bol+ R bp fkabmbkafbkqb-K^ kloj^ ab `^a^ bibjbkql ab O pb `^i`ri^ cŠ`fi,jbkqb- Sbkbjlp uoj * rl( < `w!^r < 166! v+m^o^ h w 0+qbkbjlp
01! 1&R0i+g%R0i+g' < l `lp is _s < 6S+ I\ 1
&R0i* R0i' < l pbk is _s < 6S-
Lmojbji\gd_\_ `i pi `nk\^dj `p^g…_`j 582
Olo `lkpfdrfbkqb+ Ghqkhh< U106 v 00 Ri 00 < U: m^o^ i ƒ 0- Cfsfafbkal `^a^ Ri mlopr kloj^+ l_qbkbjlp rk `lkgrkql loqlkloj^i x>IN+bmi+o1+&!y alkab>Ik<rj.hhqjhh-@pŒmrbp+ qbkbjlp
0`FFi%r&< - ., +
T 106
`lp is`FF/h*f%T& < s!!: +
n`iis`FF/h%T&< s!!: + m^o^ i ƒ 0 -
Dk i^ pb``fŽk 04-04 abjlpqo^objlp nrb qlal bpm^`fl br`iŒabl ab afjbkpfŽkcfkfq^ qfbkb rk^ _^pb loqldlk^i- Di qblobj^ nrb pfdrb jrbpqo^ `Žjl pb `^i`ri^kilp `ljmlkbkqbp ab rk bibjbkql obi^qfslp ^ rk^ q^i _^pb-
RCMPCK? 04-00- P`\ S pi `nk\^dj `p^g…_`j _` _dh`ind‡i adido\ i* v npkji+b\hjn lp` P < v`g* ,,, * `iw `n pi\ ]\n` jmojbji\g k\m\ S, Pd pi `g`h`ioj s `noƒ`skm`n\_j ^jhj pi\ ^jh]di\^d‡i gdi`\g _` gjn `g`h`iojn _` g\ ]\n`* n`\ „no\
'04-6(i
T < I^d`d*cwf
`ioji^`n npn ^jhkji`io`n m`g\odqjn \ g\ ]\n` jm_`i\_\ &`g%,,, * `i' qd`i`i _\_jnkjm g\n a‡mhpg\n
'04-7(&s*`9' 0 1
A+ < ,,,( k\m\ g< + +--- +i ,+ 'b-+`d
Bi k\mod^pg\m*nd P `n pi\ ]\n` jmojijmh\g* ^\_\ `* qd`i` _\_\ kjm
&/3,7' ]d < %r)_d& †
A`hjnom\^d‡i, Eloj^kal bi molar`ql fkqboflo ab `^a^ jfbj_ol ab '04+6(`lk `,* l_qbkbjlp
h
'u+ bI < •^d&`d*bI < ^g`d) `d&
f<i
mrbpql nrb &`y*`y' < M pf d ;/; {-Dpql fjmif`^ '04-7(+ v `r^kal &`y*`y' < 0+ l_qb,kbjlp '04-8(-
Rf v`g% ,,, * `iw bp rk^ _^pb loqlkloj^i+ i^ b`r^`fŽk '04-6( mrbab bp`of_fopbbk i^ cloj^
'04-0/(i
T < •&s* `d'`d,cwf
/2- Bnk\^djn gdi`\g`n
Di pfdrfbkqb qblobj^ morb_^ nrb bk rk bpm^`fl br`iŒabl ob^i ab afjbkpfŽkcfkfq^`lk rk^ _^pb loqlkloj^i bi molar`ql fkqbofloab alp bibjbkqlp bp fdr^i ^ i^prj^ ab ilp molar`qlp ab prp `ljmlkbkqbp-
RCMPCK? 04-01- P`\ S pi `nk\^dj `p^g…_`j m`\g _` _dh`ind‡i adido\ i*s npkjib\hjn lp` v`g%,,, * `iw `n pi\ ]\n` jmojijmh\g k\m\ S, M\m\ oj_j k\m _``g`h`iojn s ` u _` S* o`i`hjn
'04-00( !&s*t' < -1&s*`*'&t*b-( &C‡mhpg\ _` M\mn`q\g',f<i
Bi k\mod^pg\m*^p\i_j s < v+ o`i`hjn
'04-01(i
GGth01< -1 &s* `*'0,d;g
A`hjnom\^d‡i, Eloj^kal bi molar`ql fkqboflo ab ^j_lp jfbj_olp ab i^b`r^`fŽk '04-0/( `lk v+ v ^mif`^kal i^ molmfba^a ab ifkb^ifa^a abi molar`ql fkqb,oflo+l_qbkbjlp '04-00(- Br^kal s < v+ i^ b`r^`fŽk '04-00( pb obar`b ^ '04-01(-
L]n`mq\^d‡i8 K^ b`r^`fŽk '04-00( pb abkljfk^ `ljl pb fkaf`^ bk elklo abL- @- O^opbs^i '0665,0725 ^molufj^a^jbkqb( + nrb l_qrsl bpqb qfml ab cŽojri^ bk rkbpm^`fl crk`flk^i bpmb`f^i-
)-&)* :WR_PVPV\`
0- Rb^k r < 'u+ --- )r)& b v < 'X! --- +v+( sb`qlobp ^o_fqo^oflp ab S*, Cbqbojfk^o bk `^a^`^pl pf %r)u( bp rk molar`ql fkqboflo bk S! pf %r)u( bpqŠ abcfkfal mlo i^ cŽojri^ nrb pba^- Dk bi `^pl bk nrb %r)u( kl pb^ rk molar`ql fkqboflo+ ab`fo `rŠibp plk ilp ^uflj^pnrb kl pb p^qfpc^`bk-
i
']( %r)s& < ,0Ud GWeh-dxg &
i '/-0'a( %r)s& < cwf T8U4
'_( %r)s& <0 d UdVd f{i i
'b( %r)s& ;,0Ud,0Ve,cw. dw.
i i i
'b( &s*s& < -1 'u+ * Vd'0 + -1s9 + ,0V5,O5R O5R O5R
1- Rrmlkd^jlp nrb j^kqbkbjlp ilp qobp mofjbolp ^uflj^p abi molar`ql fkqboflo ob^i'pfjbqoŒ^+ifkb^ifa^a v eljldbkbfa^a( mbol obbjmi^w^jlp bi `r^oql ^uflj^ mlo rkl krb,sl '3&(9 'u+ r& < N pf u pŽil pf r < N- Cbjlpqo^o nrb l %r)r& = N m^o^ qlal r {:‹ NN _fbk 'u+ s': N m^o^ qlal s {:‹ N-
Ad_l]c]cim 584
WEh^c][]cƒh7 Rrmlkbo %r)r& = N m^o^ rk `fboql r w M X %s7s&; N m^o^ rk `fboqlv z N- Dk bi bpm^`fb dbkbo^al mlo xu+vy+e^ii^o rk bibjbkql w z N `lk %t)t& < N-\
Cbjlpqo^o nrb bk ilp bgbo`f`flp abi 2 ^i 6 `^a^ rk^ ab i^p molmlpf`flkbp bp sŠifa^ m^o^qlal m^o ab bibjbkqlp s b v ab rk bpm^`fl br`iŒabl ob^i-
1, %r)s& < N pf u p50/ pf EEr* vii < HHu, sff+1+ %r)s& < N pf v p50/ pf HHu* vi01 < HHuii1* iHvii1-3, %r)t' < N pf v p50/ pf EEr* ^t! x !uHHl]n] qlal b ob^i
3+ %r * s) r * s& < N pf u p50/ pfiiu! < HKsii-
6- Rf s b v plk bibjbkqlp kl krilp nrb cloj^k rk Škdril 7+ bkqlk`bp
Hiu, vQ1 < Tuii1 * HHvii1, 1 EErff.ivii `lp 7 -
7- Dk bi bpm^`fl ifkb^i ob^i B'i+ _&) abcfkfjlp rk molar`ql fkqboflo mlo
%`)a& <`7'ild r&`%r&a%r&r +
^( Rf `%r&< u&:+i`ri^o HHcii-
_( G^ii^o rk mlifkljfl ab mofjbo do^al a%r&< ^ * \r nrb pb^ loqldlk^i ^ i^ crk`f5k`lkpq^kqb `%r&< i-
8- Dk bi bpm^`fl ifkb^i ob^i @&+g* 0(+ pb^ %`)a& ;Pxg a&o'bR'_o, Blkpfabo^o i^p qobp crk,`flkbp p! p0 rc a^a^p mlo
p.&o' < 0 + R\&o' < 0 * o,
Cbjlpqo^o nrb alp ab bii^p plk loqldlk^ibp+ alp cloj^k bkqob pŒrk Škdril %Qm-1*v alpcloj^k bkqob pŒrk Škdril %Qm-4,
0/- Dk bi bpm^`fl ifkb^i L+ ab qlalp ilp mlifkljflp ob^ibp ab do^al z i* abcfkfjlp
^( Cbjlpqo^o nrb 'g+d( bp rk molar`ql fkqboflo m^o^ MŠ,_( B^i`ri^o 'g+d( `r^kal `Q& < o X a%n&< \o * \+b( Rf `un&< o*e^ii^o qlalp ilp mlifkljflp d loqldlk^ibp ^ `+
00- Dk bi bpm^`fl ifkb^i ab qlalp ilp mlifkljflp ob^ibp+abcfkfjlp &a*d( < `7$+oy&o'b&o'_o,^( Cbjlpqo^o nrb bp^ fkqbdo^i fjmolmf^ `lksbodb ^_plirq^jbkqb m^o^ qlalp ilp mlifkl,jflp ` u d-_( Rf r+%n&< o%m^o^ k < N+ 0+ 1+ --- + abjlpqo^o nrb 'u+ r ††&< 'j * h& +b( B^i`ri^o %`)d( `r^kal `%n&< %n* 0(1 v a%n&< n0 * 0-
a( G^ii^o qlalp ilp mlifkljflp ab mofjbo do^al a%n&< [ * ]o loqldlk^ibp ^ `Q&< 0* o,01- Dk bi bpm^`fl ifkb^i ab qlalp ilp mlifkljflp ob^ibp+ abqbojfk^o pf %`)d( bp l kl rk
molar`ql fkqboflo `r^kal pb abcfkb 'g+d( `lk i^ c5ojri^ nrb pb a^- Dk bi `^pl bk nrb%`)d( kl bp rk molar`ql fkqboflo+ fkaf`^o nr‹ ^uflj^p kl plk obpmbq^alp- Dk b(+ l vd& fkaf`^k abofs^a^p-
/2/ Bnk\^djn gdi`\g`n
]( &a*b' <X&g'b&g',
^( &a*b' < GF7X&o'b&o'_o f{b( &X*b' <I9 %&o'b%&o'_o,
a( zj < Q7X&o'_o' Q7b&o' _o',
/1, S bpqŠ cloj^al `lk qla^p i^p pr`bpflkbp fkabcfkfa^p ab k•jbolp ob^ibp xu+-y m^o^ ilp`r^ibp i^p pbofbp Hr/ `lksbodbk- Rf r < ur+v b u < vt,w plk alp bibjbkqlp ab R)abcfkfjlp i
//
%r)s& < I rhUh$I5G
^( Cbjlpqo^o nrb bpq^ pbofb `lksbodb ^_plirq^jbkqb-XFi_d^\^d‡i8 Tp^o i^ abpfdr^ia^a ab B^r`ev,R`et^ow m^o^ ^molufj^o i^ prj^
Kz<iXr)+Uhf+Y_( Cbjlpqo^o nrb R bp rk bpm^`fl ifkb^i `lk %r)u( `ljl molar`ql fkqboflo-b( B^i`ri^o %r)u( pfu+ < f,h b u- < f,%h * 0( m^o^ h <8 0-a( B^i`ri^o %r)u( pf u+ < 1• b u- < f,hc m^o^ h 777770-
03- Rb^ S bi `lkgrkql ab qla^p i^p crk`flkbp ob^ibp E`lkqfkr^p bk ZN+* //( v q^ibp nrb i^fkqbdo^i Px _*``/%n&^n`lksbodb- Cbcfk^jlp 'g+d( < Px _*`f%n&a%n&^n+^( Cbjlpqo^o nrb i^ fkqbdo^i nrb a^ 'g+d( `lksbodb ^_plirq^jbkqb m^o^ `^a^ m^o abcrk`flkbp Eu d ab R+
XFi_d^\^d‡i8 @mif`^o i^ abpfdr^ia^a ab B^r`ev,R`et^ow m^o^ ^molufj^o i^ fkqb,do^i FS_*n.E%n&a%n&f^n+Y
_( Cbjlpqo^o nrb R bp rk bpm^`fl ifkb^i `lk '.+ d( `ljl molar`ql fkqboflo-b( B^i`ri^o 'g+d( pf f%n&< _ v a%n&:n{) alkab h < N+0+ 1+ ----
04- Dk rk bpm^`fl br`iŒabl `ljmibgl+ abjlpqo^o nrb bi molar`ql fkqboflo qfbkb i^p pfdrfbkqbpmolmfba^abp m^o^ qlalp ilp bibjbkqlp s* v+ w v qlalp ilp `ljmibglp \ v ],
']( %[r) \s& < [b%r) s&+ '_( %r)[s * \t& < [%r) s& * b%r)t&+05- Cbjlpqo^o nrb bk qlal bpm^`fl br`iŒabl plk sŠifa^p i^p fabkqfa^abp pfdrfbkqbp-
']( Yt * uh01 < GGth01* GGuh01* %r)s& * %s)r&+'^( Ght * uhh1 , Yt , uh01 < /%r)s& * /%s)t(-'b( GGt* uh01 * Zu , uh01 < 1 GGthh1* 1 Ghu001-
06- Cbjlpqo^o nrb bi bpm^`fl ab qla^p i^p crk`flkbp `ljmibg^p `lkqfkr^p bk rk fkqbos^ilW[) \Y pb qo^kpcloj^ bk rk bpm^`fl rkfq^ofl pf abcfkfjlp rk molar`ql fkqboflo mlo i^cŽojri^
&a*b' <I9r&o'X&o'b&o'_o *
alkab s bp rk^ crk`fŽk mlpfqfs^ cfg^+`lkqfkr^ bk W[) \Y+
)-&)+ 8\[`a_bPPVp[ QRP\[Wb[a\` \_a\T\[NYR`&@na\Q\ QR <_NZ%EPUZVQa
-Slal bpm^`fl ifkb^i ab afjbkpfŽk cfkfq^qfbkbrk^ _^pb cfkfq^:Rf bi bpm^`fl bpbr`iŒabl+ mlabjlp `lkpqorfo pfbjmob rk^ _^pb jmojbji\g, Dpqbobpriq^al pb abar,
@jinomp^^d‡i _` ^jiepiojn jmojbji\g`n, J„oj_j _` Dm\h+P^chd_o 475
boo^ `ljl `lkpb`rbk`f^ ab rk qblobj^ `rv^ abjlpqo^`fŽk bkpb•^ ^ `lkpqorfo`lkgrkqlp loqldlk^ibp bk `r^inrfbo bpm^`fl br`iŒabl+ ab afjbkpfŽk cfkfq^ l abfkcfkfq^p afjbkpflkbp- K^ `lkpqor``fŽk pb ii^j^ h„oj_j _` Dm\h+P^chd_o* bk jb,jlof^ ab I- O- Fo^j '074/,0805( v D- R`ejfaq '0734,0810(-
SDNQDL@ 04-02- SDNQDL@ CD NQSNFNM@KHY@BHˆM- P`\ s** s,* ,,, * pi\ np+^`nd‡i adido\ j di_`adid_\ _` `g`h`iojn _` pi `nk\^dj `p^g…_`j S* t _`ndbi`hjn^ji Ios• ,,, * Uf' `g np]`nk\^dj b`i`m\_j kjm gjn f kmdh`mjn _` `njn `g`h`iojn,Bsdno` pi\ np^`nd‡i ^jmm`nkji_d`io` _` `g`h`iojn Xi&V,* ,,, * _` S lp` od`i` g\nndbpd`io`n kmjkd`_\_`n k\m\ ^\_\ `io`mj f8
^( Bg `g`h`ioj Xh*i `n jmojbji\g \ oj_j `g`h`ioj _`g np]`nk\^dj I &t! ,,, Ue&+
_( Bg np]`nk\^dj b`i`m\_j kjm XH= ‘‘‘ + Ue `n `g hdnhj lp` `g b`i`m\_jkjm WH= ‘‘‘ + Te7
b( I\ np^`noji t! V,* ,,, * `n ˆid^\* n\gqj a\^ojm`n `n^\g\m`n, Bnoj `n* pfsu) sw)++++) `n jom\ np^`nd‡i _` `g`h`iojn _` S lp` n\odna\^`i g\n kmjkd`_\_`n ^(t _(+ `ioji^`n kjm ^\_\ f `sdno` pi `n^\g\m ?e o\g lp` sw< ?eUe$
A`hjnom\^d‡i, Blkpqorv^jlp ilp bibjbkqlp t! V0%,,, * mlo fkar``fŽk- O^o^fkf`f^o bi mol`bpl+ qlj^jlp t* < Tf$ Rrmlkd^jlp ^elo^ nrb ebjlp `lkpqorfal
, t! ,Š, * Ul ab jlal nrb ^( v _( pb p^qfpc^`bk `r^kal e < l+ Cbcfk^jlp Ul() jb,af^kqb i^ b`r^`fŽk
'04-02(n
Vm)g< UE/ + x\…Vd%f<i
alkab ilp bp`^i^obp \g* ,,, * \9 qfbkbk nrb abqbojfk^opb- O^o^ d w m*bi molar`qlfkqboflo ab Ul() `lk Ux sfbkb a^al mlo
m
&Vm)g*t9' < 'WG0+t9' + \d&Vd% t9' < 'uo*i& t9' + \9&t9* t9'*c:.
mrbpql nrb %Ux)Ux& < N pf d :.: z-Rf t9 :.: -) mlabjlp e^`bo Ul(f loqldlk^i ^ Uxqlj^kal
'04-03(
Rf Ux < N+ bkqlk`bp Ul(f bp loqldlk^i ^ Ux m^o^ `r^inrfbo [x nrb pb bifg^+ bk bpqb`^pl bibdfjlp [x < N- @pŒmrbp+ bi bibjbkql Ul(f bpqŠ _fbk abcfkfal v bp loqldlk^i
/21 Bnk\^djn gdi`\g`n
^ `^a^ rkl ab ilp ^kqboflobpbibjbkqlp X! ---‘ Vm%Olo `lkpfdrfbkqb+ bp loqldlk^i^ qlal bibjbkql abi pr_ bpm^`fl -
H%Uf$+++ ) Ul& +
Dpql abjrbpqo^ ^( `r^kal f < l * 0-O^o^ abjlpqo^o _( `r^kal e < l * 0 +qbkbjlp nrb mol_^o nrb
H%Uf)$! $Ul(f& < H%Tf!$! rl(.&$ a^al nrb H%Uf)$! )Ul& < H%r/*}}}* rl&{Klp l mofjbolp bibjbkqlp Vg%,,, * Xo mboqbkb`bk
H%r.) ††† ) rl&
u mlo q^kql bpqŠkbk bi pr_bpm^`fl jŠp ^jmifl H%r.) +++ ) rl(.&$ Di krbsl bibjbk,ql Ul(f a^al mlo '04-02( bp rk^ afcbobk`f^ ab alp bibjbkqlp ab H%r.) +++ ) rl(.&
^pŒnrb q^j_f‹k bpqŠbk H%r.) +++ ) rm(.&+ Dpql abjrbpqo^ nrb
K^ b`r^`fŽk '04-02( morb_^ nrb rl(. bp i^ prj^ ab alp bibjbkqlp ^_H%Uf ) +++ $Ul(f&`lk il nrb rk o^wlk^jfbkql ^kŠildl a^ i^ fk`irpfŽk bk bi lqol pbkqfal9
Dpql abjrbpqo^ _( `r^kal f < l * 0- Olo il q^kql ^( v _( e^k pfal abjlpqo^alpmlo fkar``fŽk obpmb`qlab e+
Efk^ijbkqb abjlpqo^jlp `( mlo fkar``fŽk obpmb`qlab e+ Di `^pl e < 0 bpqofsf^i-Olo `lkpfdrfbkqb+ prmlkd^jlp nrb b( bp `fboql m^o^e < l u `lkpfabobjlpbi bibjbkql Uw(. + Dk sfoqra ab _(+ bpqbbibjbkql mboqbkb`b
H%Uf) +++ ) Ul(f& )
^pŒnrb mlabjlp bp`of_fo
l(fU8(. < 1 ?cUc< w+* ?l(.Ul(f )
f<i
alkab u9 A H%sE++++ ) Vm', Prbobjlp abjlpqo^o nrb u+< N- Olo i^ molmfba^a^(+Uwf u ]l(fUl(f plk ^j_lp loqldlk^ibp ^ t*+ Olo `lkpfdrfbkqb+ pr afcbobk`f^+ t*)bp loqldlk^i ^ u,, Cf`el ab lqol jlal+ u9 bp loqldlk^i ^ pŒjfpjl+ ^pŒnrbu9 < N- Dpql `ljmibq^ i^ abjlpqo^`fŽk abi qblobj^ ab loqldlk^ifa^a-
Dk i^ `lkpqor``fŽk ^kqboflo+mrbab pr`babo nrb Ul(f < N m^o^^id•k m,Dkqlk,`bp '04-02( morb_^ nrb Ul)g bp rk^ `lj_fk^`fŽk ifkb^i ab X! --- +m*)u mlo q^kql
@jinomp^^d‡i _` ^jiepiojn jmojbji\g`n, J„oj_j _` Dm\h+P^chd_o 477
ab Ug%ŠŠŠ * s,* ^pŒnrb ilp bibjbkqlp Ug%ŠŠŠ * Um)g plk abmbkafbkqbp-Dk lqo^p m^,i^_o^p+pf ilp f mofjbolp bibjbkqlp U! ŠŠŠ * Uf plk fkabmbkafbkqbp+ilp bibjbkqlp`loobpmlkafbkqbpt! ,,, *Ue plk ij ipgjn, Dk bpqb ^pl ilp `lbcf`fbkqbp\y ab '04-02(sfbkbk a^alp mlo '04-03(+ v i^p cŽojri^p nrb abcfkbk sx) +++ ) Ue pb `lksfboqbk bk
'04-04( X0 < Wi&
m!! &Um)g%Vy' m 0 1 f 0
Vm)g < Um)g + I &, ,' Vd ^o^ m< + +--- + , -fzi t! t*
Dpq^pcŽojri^p `lkpqfqrvbk bi j‹qlal ab Fo^j,R`ejfaq m^o^`lkpqorfo rk `lkgrkqlloqldlk^i ab bibjbkqlp kl krilp v! --- +Ue nrb dbkbo^k bi jfpjl pr_bpm^`fl nrbbi `lkgrkql fkabmbkafbkqba^al Tx) ††† sn* Dk m^oqf`ri^o+pf Tx) ††† ) sd, bp rk^_^pb m^o^rk bpm^`fl br`iŒabl ab afjbkpfŽk cfkfq^+bkqlk`bp t! Š,, * Ue `n rk^ _^pbloqldlk^i m^o^ bi jfpjl bpm^`fl- S^j_f‹k mlabjlp `lksboqfo ‹pq^ bk rk^ _^pbloqlkloj^i ijmh\gdu\i_j `^a^ rkl ab ilp bibjbkqlp ty* bpql bp+afsfaf‹kalil mlopr kloj^- Olo `lkpfdrfbkqb+ `ljl `loli^ofl abi qblobj^ 04-02 qbkbjlp bi pf,drfbkqb-
SDNQDL@ 04-03- Qj_j ^jiepioj `p^g…_`j _` _dh`ind‡i adido\ od`i` pi\ ]\n`jmojijmh\g,
Rf T b u plk bibjbkqlp bk rk bpm^`fl&br`iŒabl+`lk t ;C N+ bi bibjbkql
&s*s& s
&t* t'
EHFTQ@ 04-0 Bg mi„oj_j _` Dm\h+P^chd_o `i S\% Ri ^jiepioj jmojbji\g xXH& V0* X^y
n` ^jinompt` \ k\modm_` pi ^jiepioj di_`k`i_d`io` xu-+ U0* U\w,
0)) Bnk\^djn gdi`\g`n
pb ii^j^ i^ jlis_]]nih _` s nj]m` t, Dk bi j‹qlal ab Fo^j,R`ejfaq '04-04(+`lkpqorfjlp bi bibjbkql VQ)g obpq^kal ab UQ)g i^ molvb``fŽk ab UQ)g pl_ob `^a^rkl ab ilp ^kqboflobpbibjbkqlp Uf; ††+ ) m*+K^ cfdro^ 04-0 obmobpbkqi^ `lkpqor`,`fŽk dblj‹qof`^ bk bi bpm^`fl sb`qlof^i S1Š
DIDLOKN 0- Dk S1) e^ii^o rk^ _^pb loqlkloj^i m^o^bi pr_bpm^`fl dbkbo^almlo ilp qobpsb`qlobp Wi < '0+ ,0+ 0+,0(+ T0 < '4+ 0+0+0+(+X T1 < ',2+ ,2+0+,2(-
Pjgp^d‡i, @mif`^kal bi j‹qlal ab Fo^j,R`ejfaq+ bk`lkqo^jlp
Xf < Tf < '0+ ,0+ 0+,0( +
%r/) Vg' '3 1 N 1(V0 < s0 + x+x Vg < U0 + Vg < + + +- +&Vg*Xf(
&s\* Vg' &s\* X1( 'N N N N(V\ < s\ + +++ Xf , ,,, V0 < s\ + Vg * V0 < + ! -
&Vg*Xf( &V0*V0'
Orbpql nrb U0 < N+ ilp qobpsb`qlobp Wi&T0* T0 ab_bk pbo abmbkafbkqbp-Obol v^nrb XH b U/ plk kl krilp+ ilp sb`qlobp Wi u T0 plk fkabmbkafbkqbp-Olo `lkpfdrfbkqbI&sg* T/) s1' bp rk pr_ bpm^`fl ab afjbkpfŽk 1- Di `lkgrkql uUE; U/v bp rk^ _^pbloqldlk^i m^o^bpb pr_bpm^`fl- Cfsfafbkal XH b V0 `^a^ rkl mlo pr kloj^ iibd^jlp^ rk^ _^pb loql kloj^i nrb `lkpq^ ab alp sb`qlobp
Vg 0 0(, < ,'0 ,0 0 ,G.W000 1& !
v
DIDLOKN 1- Mjgdijhdjn _` I`b`i_m`, Dk bi bpm^`fl ifkb^i ab qlalp ilp ml,ifkljflp+ `lk bi molar`ql fkqboflo%r) u( :`wfT%n& s%n&_o*`lkpfabo^jlp i^ pr`bpfŽkfkabcfkfa^ uk+ Wi&T0* ŠŠŠ * alkab rh%n&< o!* Br^kal pb ^mif`^ ^ bp^ pr`bpfŽk biqblobj^ ab loqldlk^ifw^`fŽk pb qo^kpcloj^ bk lqo^ pr`bpfŽk ab mlifkljflpXl+ XH= V0* ,,, * nrb bi j^qbjŠqf`l co^k`‹p @- L- Kbdbkaob '0641,0722( crb bimofjbol bk bk`lkqo^o bk pr qo^_^gl pl_ob i^ qbloŒabi mlqbk`f^i- Klp mofjbolp abbplp mlifkljflp pb `^i`ri^k cŠ`fijbkqb `lk bi j‹qlal ab Fo^j,R`ejfaq- @kqbqlal+ qbkbjlp vl'q( < ri%n& < 0- Orbpql nrb
&Vj* Vj' <Ii _o < 1,0
v 'Vh&Vj' <Hho _o < N+,0
bk`lkqo^jlp nrb
Vg&o' < sg&o' + 'Vh&Vj' tj&o' < sg&o' < o ,&Vj* Vj'
@jhkg`h`iojn jmojbji\g`n, Mmjt`^^dji`n 6/0
@ `lkqfkr^`fŽk+ rqfifw^jlp i^p obi^`flkbp
IG +&s0 * Vj' < o0 _o < ,+
,0 , F%/ 0
&Vg * HG(< o0 _o < ,,0 2
m^o^l_qbkbo
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Cbi jfpjl jlal+ bk`lkqo^jlp nrb
2 ,V\@o' < n * w o *
3 5 1 2V2&o' < o ,!6 o * 24
4 0/2 4V3&o';o *!6o )0/o,
Dk bi Ulirjbk 00 bk`lkqo^objlp ab krbsl bplp mlifkljflp bk bi bpqrafl ab i^pb`r^`flkbp afcbobk`f^ibp+v mol_^objlp nrb
h _x 1 !V &o' < ,, , &o + 0( -! &0i' _o!
Klp mlifkljflp M! a^alp mlo
&0i' 0 _! &1 'iL o + ++ * n * ** o *.*g' + ,0/-&i (1 H0.' ( , 0!// _oi
pb `lkl`bk `lk bi klj_ob ab kjgdijhdjn _` I`b`i_m`, Klp mlifkljflp ab i^ pr,`bpfŽk loqlkloj^i `loobpmlkafbkqb `ml+ &vG! @a0! ŠŠ * a^alp mlo ^ki < u++.hhu++00pbii^j^k kjgdijhdjn _` I`b`i_m` ijmh\gdu\_jn, Cb i^p cŽojri^p m^o^ Xl+ -‘- + v:9+
a^a^p ^kqbp+bk`lkqo^jlp nrb
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Rb^k S rk bpm^`fl br`iŒabl u P rk pr_bpm^`fl ab afjbkpfŽk cfkfq^-U^jlp^ `lkpfabo^o bi pfdrfbkqb mol_ibj^ ab ^molufj^`fŽk9 A\_j pi `g`h`ioj s _`
6/1 Bnk\^djn gdi`\g`n
S* _`o`mhdi\m pi `g`h`ioj `i R ^pt\ _dno\i^d\ \ s n`\ gj hƒn k`lp`†\ kjnd]g`,K^ afpq^k`f^ bkqobalp bibjbkqlp s b u pb abcfkb `ljl i^ kloj^ Ght, uhh-
@kqbpab afp`rqfo bpqbmol_ibj^ bk pr cloj^ dbkbo^i+`lkpfabobjlp rk `^plm^oqf`ri^o+obmobpbkq^albk i^ cfdro^ 04-1- @nrŒR bp bi bpm^`fl sb`qlof^i U^ XR bprk pr_bpm^`fl ab afjbkpfŽk alp+ rk mi^kl nrb m^p^mlo bi lofdbk- C^al s ab R)bi mol_ibj^ `lkpfpqb bk bk`lkqo^o+bk bi mi^kl R+bi mrkql p jŠp moŽufjl ^ s,
Rf s C R+bsfabkqbjbkqb i^ plir`fŽk bp p < s, Rf s kl mboqbkb`b R+bi mrkqljŠp moŽufjl p pb l_qfbkb qo^w^kal rk^ mbombkaf`ri^oabpab r ^i mi^kl- Dpqbpbk,`fiil bgbjmil prdfbob rk^ fkqolar``fŽk ^i mol_ibj^ dbkbo^i ab ^molufj^`fŽk u a^lofdbk ^ i^ afp`rpfŽk nrb pfdrb-
CDEHMHBHˆM- P`\ R pi np]^jiepioj _` pi `nk\^dj `p^g…_`j S, P` _d^` lp` pi`g`h`ioj _` S `n jmojbji\g \ R nd`n jmojbji\g \ oj_j `g`h`ioj _` R-Bg ^jiepioj_` oj_jn gjn `g`h`iojn jmojbji\g`n \ R n` _`ndbi\ ^ji R,i v `n `g zk`mk`i_d^pg\m[ O|+
Dp rk bgbo`f`fl pbk`fiil `ljmol_^o nrb R,i bp rk pr_bpm^`fl ab R) q^kql+pf R 0/ bp `ljl pfkl il bp- Dk bi `^pl bk nrb R pb^ rk pr_bpm^`fl+ bkqlk`bp p,i pbii^j^ ^jhkg`h`ioj jmojbji\g ab R-
DIDLOKN- Rf O bp rk mi^kl nrb m^p^mlo bi lofdbk+ `ljl pb sb bk i^ cfdr,o^ 04-1+bkqlk`bp R,i bp rk^ ob`q^ mlo bi lofdbk mbombkaf`ri^o ^ bpb mi^kl- Dpqbbgbjmil a^ q^j_f‹k rk^ fkqbomobq^`fŽkdblj‹qof`^ m^o^ bi qblobj^ pfdrfbkqb-
p,i
EHFTQ@ 04-1 Fio`mkm`o\^d‡i b`jh„omd^\ _`g o`jm`h\ _`%_`n^jhkjnd^d‡i jmojbji\g `i S\%
@jhkg`h`iojn jmojbji\g`n, Mmjt`^^dji`n 6/2
SDNQDL@ 04-04- SDNQDL@ CD K@ CDRBNLONRHBHNM NQSNFNM@K- P`\i S pi`nk\^dj `p^g…_`j u P pi np]`nk\^dj _` S _` _dh`ind‡i adido\, Qj_j `g`h`ioj s_` S kp`_` m`km`n`io\mn` `i ajmh\ ˆid^\ ^jhj pi\ nph\ _` _jn `g`h`iojn* pij_` P v jomj _` Px, Bnoj `n* o`i`hjn
'04-05( u < p * nx* _ji_` RD R
>_`hƒn* g\ ijmh\ _` s qd`i` _\_\ kjm g\ a‡mhpg\ kdo\b‡md^\
'04-06(
A`hjnom\^d‡i, Cbjlpqobjlp mofjbol nrb bufpqb bk ob^ifa^a rk^ abp`lj,mlpf`fŽk loqldlk^i '04-05(- Orbpql -nrb P bp ab afjbkpfŽk cfkfq^+qfbkb rk^ _^pbloqlkloj^i cfkfq^+pb^ ‹pq^ u_f$ +++ ) _hv+ C^al r) abcfkfjlp ilp bibjbkqlp p u pz^pŒ9
'04-07(i
R < y &s*`y'`d *8.:
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N_pbosbjlp nrb `^a^ q‹ojfkl %r) _x&_xbp i^ molvb``fŽk ab r pl_ob _c+Di bibjbk,ql p bp i^ prj^ ab i^p molvb```flkbp ab s pl_ob `^a^ bibjbkql ab i^ _^pb- Orbpqlnrb p bp rk^ `lj_fk^`fŽk ifkb^i ab ilp bibjbkqlp ab i^ _^pb+ p bpqŠ bk P, K^ abcf,kf`fŽk ab pz morb_^ nrb i^ b`r^`fŽk '04-05( bp sŠifa^- O^o^ abjlpqo^o nrb p J
bpqŠ bk Px* `lkpfabobjlp bi molar`ql fkqboflo ab Pd v `r^inrfbo bibjbkql _x ab i^_^pb- Sbkbjlp
Obol ab '04-07(+ bk`lkqo^jlp nrb &n* y' < &s*`y'* ^pŒnrb pz bp loqldlk^i ^ `e,Olo `lkpfdrfbkqb pz bp loqldlk^i ^ qlal bibjbkql ab P* il `r^i pfdkfcf`^ nrboJCQy-
Ool_^jlp ^ `lkqfkr^`fŽk nrb i^ abp`ljmlpf`fŽk loqldlk^i '04-05( bp •kf`^-Rrmlkd^jlp nrb s qrsfbo^ alp abp`ljmlpf`flkbp+ pb^k ‹pq^p
'04-08( s;n)n,g, u t < o * &,g,*
alkab p v o bpqŠk bk P*v p-3- X '-i- bpqŠk bk Pg,,, Prbobjlp abjlpqo^o nrb p < o XpI- < o+8Cb '04-08(+ qbkbjlp p , o < qI- , pI-+^pŒnrb pŽil kb`bpfq^jlp abjlp,qo^o nrb p , o < N- Obol p , o C P X o/+ + pI- C Qy `lk 0/ nrb p , o bp loql,dlk^i ^ n.+++* pz b fdr^i ^ nc * nx, Orbpql nrb bi bibjbkql `bol bp bi •kf`l bib,jbkql loqldlk^i ^ pŒjfpjl+ ab_b pbo p , o < N- Dpql abjrbpqo^ nrb i^ abp`lj,mlpf`fŽk bp •kf`^-
0)- Bnk\^djn gdi`\g`n
Efk^ijbkqb+ abjlpqobjlp nrb i^ kloj^ ab r sfbkb a^a^ mlo i^ cŽojri^ mfq^,dŽof`^- Sbkbjlp
GGth01< 't+ r& < 'p * pI---+p * p-K( < %m)p( * 'p-K+p--K(+
pfbkal krilp ilp obpq^kqbp q‹ojfklp v^ nrb p v p0, plk loqldlk^ibp- Dpql abjrbp•qo^ '04-06(-
CDEHMHBHˆM- P`\ R pi np]`nk\^dj _` _dh`ind‡i adido\_` pi `nk\^dj `p^g…_`jS* t n`\ v`! ,,, * `iw pi\ ]\n` jmojijmh\g k\m\ R- Pds A S* `g `g`h`ioj n _`ad+id_j kjm g\ `^p\^d‡i
i
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SDNQDL@ 04-05- SDNQDL@ CD @OQNWHL@BHˆM- P`\ R pi np]`nk\^dj _` _d+h`ind‡i adido\_` pi `nk\^dj `p^g…_`j S* t n`\ s pi `g`h`ioj _` S, I\ kmjt`^^d‡i_` s nj]m` R `n hƒn km‡sdh\ \ s lp` ^p\glpd`m jomj `g`h`ioj _` R- Bnoj `n* ndp
`n g\ kmjt`^^d‡i _` s nj]m`+ R+ o`i`hjn
Yt , oehy Yt , n[
k\m\ oj_j o _` R: `n qƒgd_j `g ndbij _` dbp\g_\_ ndt n‡gj nd o < p-
A`hjnom\^d‡i, Dk sfoqra abi qblobj^ 04-04 mlabjlp bp`of_fo s < p * pI---+alkab n B R X pI---B RI---- Dkqlk`bp+ m^o^ `r^inrfbo o ab R+ qbkbjlp
r * o < %r * p( * %m* o' ,
Orbpql nrb m * / B R X r * p < m+HB R + ‹pq^ bp rk^ abp`ljmlpf`fŽk loqldlk^iab s + o* pŒnrb pr kloj^ sfbkb a^a^ mlo i^ cŽojri^ mfq^dŽof`^
Yt , 0001 < G , oh01 * heo, Hg01-
=jlircg[]cƒh ƒjncg[ ^_ _f_g_hnim ^_ oh _mj[]ci _o]f•^_i 4-2
Obol heo, ph01ƒ N+ `lk il nrb Ght, oT ƒ Ght, nT* s^ifbkal bi pfdkl fdr^i pfv pŽil pf p < o8Dpql `ljmibq^ i^ abjlpqo^`fŽk-
DIDLOKN 0- =jlircg[]cƒh ^_ `oh]cih_m ]ihncho[m _h ZN+/.4Y)jil jifchi*gcim nlcaihig€nlc]im+ Rb^ R < ?%K)106(+ bi bpm^`fl ifkb^i ab qla^p i^p crk`flkbpob^ibp `lkqfkr^p bk bi fkqbos^il W-)/.4Y) X abcfk^jlp rk molar`ql fkqboflo jbaf^kqbi^ b`r^`fŽk %`)d( < j! `%r&a%r&r+ Dk i^ pb``fŽk 04-00 sfjlp rk `lkgrkql loql,kloj^i ab crk`flkbp qofdlklj‹qof`^p Ly) Bc H= @a 0* ŠŠŠ * alkab
'04-1/(0
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`lp fs@a 0f+g&U' < v: + pbk es
Q0f&U' < v:& m^o^ f ƒ 0 -
Klp /h * 0 bibjbkqlp Bc l+ Bc H= ‘‘‘ + @a 0i dbkbo^k rk pr_bpm^`fl R ab afjbkpfŽk/h * 0- Klp bibjbkqlp ab R pb ii^j^k jifchigcim nlcaihig€nlc]im+
Rf ` C ?%-)/44*&) pb^ cy i^ molvb``fŽk ab ` pl_ob bi pr_bpm^`fl R- Sbkbjlpbkqlk`bp
'04-10(/h
E8< ƒ&a*@a f'@a f *Q_>
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'04-11(h
ai&s' < q^l * •&\e `lp fs * \em_h fs'*F)wf
alkab
. d,33\f < , a&s' `lp fs _s *
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m^o^ f < N+ 0+ 1+ --- + i, Di qblobj^ ab ^molufj^`fŽk klp af`b nrb bi mlifkljflqofdlklj‹qof`l '04-11( ^molufj^ ` jbglo nrb `r^inrfbo lqol mlifkljfl qofdlkl,j‹qof`l ab R+ bk bi pbkqfal ab nrb i^ kloj^ Ghb, `hff bp i^ jŠp mbnrb•^ mlpf_ib-
DIDLOKN 1- =jlircg[]cƒh ^_ `oh]cih_m ]ihncho[m _h W* 0+0\ jil jifchi*gcim ^_ al[^i R .0- Rb^ R < B' ,0+ 0(+ bi bpm^`fl ab i^p crk`flkbp ob^ibp `lk,qfkr^p bk Z,0+0\+ X pb^ %`)d( < ` *f`%r&a%r& r+ Klp h * 0 mlifkljflp ab Kb,dbkaob kloj^ifw^alp nIl+ %uF! ††† ) %uF!) fkqolar`falp bk i^ pb``fŽk 04-02+ dbkbo^k rkpr_bpm^`fl R ab afjbkpfŽk i * 0 nrb `lkpq^ ab qlalp ilp mlifkljflp ab do^al
0)/ Bnk\^djn gdi`\g`n
7788h+ Rf F C B' , 0+ 0(+ abpfdkbjlp `lk Fi i^ molvb``fŽk ab F pl_ob R- Sbkbjlpbkqlk`bp
h
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alkab %F)kf' <Hwa&o'`kdo' _o ,
Dpqb bp bi mlifkljfl ab do^al 99::i m^o^ bi nrb i^ kloj^ 000, Gjhhbp i^ jbklo-Olo bgbjmil+ `r^kal E%r&< pbk 5QU* ilp `lbcf`fbkqbp %d)l%f' sfbkbk a^alp mlo
Dk m^oqf`ri^o+ qbkbjlp %d)mj' < l v
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P'21 2ag&o' < 1 ,: omi'q(< ,: o ,
Orbpql nrb %d)?`w&< N+bpqb bp q^j_f‹k i^ jbglo ^molufj^`fŽk `r^aoŠqf`^-
)- -05 :WR_PVPV\`
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1- Dk `^a^ `^pl+ e^ii^o rk^ _^pb loqlkloj^i m^o^ bi pr_bpm^`fl ab R2
dbkbo^al mlo ilpsb`qlobp a^alp-'^( Wi < '0 0+N+N(+ T/ < '/+0+0+ N(+ T0 < 'N+N+K 0(+ T
1< '0+ N+/+0(-
'_( Wi < '0+ 0+/+0(+ U0 < '0+ N+1+0(+ s1 < '0+1+ ,1+0(-
2- Dk bi bpm^`fl ifkb^i ob^i B'N+ %/Q' `lk molar`ql fkqboflo %r) u( < Il r%n&s%n&^n)pb^r!%n&< `lp hn m^o^ h < /+ 0+ 1+ ---- Cbjlpqo^o nrb i^p crk`flkbp Xl+ v! V0%,,, * a^a^pmlo
0si%l& <:<,
UiS
v Vi&o' <dwlp io m^o^ i ƒ 0 +
cloj^k rk `lkgrkql loqlkloj^i nrb dbkbo^ bi jfpjl pr_ bpm^`fl nrb sj% u++s0% ŠŠŠ
Be`m^d^djn 0)0
3- Dk bi bpm^`fl ifkb^i ab qlalp ilp mlifkljflp ob^ibp+ `lk molar`ql fkqboflo 'u+ u( <F r%n&s%n&^n) pb^ rh%n& < o! m^o^ i; N+0+ 1+ &! - Cbjlpqo^o nrb i^p crk`flkbp
Gj&o' < h+ G/&o' < U2 &0o+ 0(+ 01'0( < ++.4&4o/ * 4o * 0(
cloj^k rk `lkgrkql loqlkloj^i nrb dbkbo^ bi jfpjl pr_bpm^`fl nrb xWN& Ug% s0w,
o- Rb^ S bi bpm^`fl ifkb^i ab qla^p i^p crk`flkbp ob^ibp ` `lkqfkr^p bk ZN+* BC( u q^ibpnrb i^ fkqbdo^i I:&_*n`/%n&^n `lksbodb- Cbcfk^jlp %d)d( < Po_*n`%n&a%n&^n) v pb^ Xl+ XH&X1& -‘- + bi `lkgrkql l_qbkfal ^mif`^kal bi j‹qlal ab Fo^j,R`eokfaq ^ UF! UF% s0% ŠŠŠ *
alkab rh%n& < o! m^o^ i 19 N- Cbjlpqo^o nrb si%n& < 0+XH'0( < n * 0+U/%.& < n/ * 1n * 1+t-o' < o1 + 7o0 * 07q , 5-
5- Dk bi bpm^`fl ifkb^i ob^i B'H+ 2( `lk molar`ql fkqboflo %d) d( <F `%r&a%r&^r) pb^`%r& < i.u v abjlpqo^o nrb bi mlifkljfl `lkpq^kqb d jŠp moŽufjl ^ ` bp d < pild 2-B^i`ri^o 9Gc, beh1m^o^ bpqb c-
6- Dk bi bpm^`fl ifkb^i ob^i B'N+ 1( `lk molar`ql fkqboflo %d)d( < F `%r&a%r&^r) pb^`%r& < _! v abjlpqo^o nrb bi mlifkljfl `lkpq^kqb d jŠp moŽufjl ^ ` bp d < -i %_0 + 0(-B^i`ri^o Ghc, `S m^o^ bpqb c- !
7- Dk bi bpm^`fl ifkb^i ob^i ?%*E) 0( `lk molar`ql fkqboflo %d) d( :Fwf`%+$9&a%r&^r) pb^`%r& < _$ u e^ii^o bi mlifkljfl c jŠp moŽufjl ^ `+ B^i`ri^o Ghc, `f70 m^o^ bpqb c-
8- Dk bi bpm^`fl ifkb^i ob^i B'N+ 1&:6( `lk molar`ql fkqboflo %d) d( < -0&4:: %r&a%r&^r) pb^`%r& < r+ Dk bi pr_bpm^`fl dbkbo^al mlo o))%r& < 0+ r+ %r& < `lp r) o/%r& < pbk r) e^ii^obi mlifkljfl qofdlklj‹qof`l jŠp moŽufjl ^ `+
0/- Dk bi bpm^`fl ifkb^i R abi bgbo`f`fl R+mlkbo `%r& < _*T v e^ii^o bi mlifkljfl ab mofjbodo^al jŠp moŽufjl ^ `+
'+
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).&) F_N[`S\_ZNPV\[RYV[RNYR`
Tkl ab ilp jlaboklp l_gbqfslp abi @kŠifpfp bp rk bpqrafl ^jmifl ab crk`fl,kbp `rvlp aljfkflp v ob`loofalp plk pr_`lkgrkqlp ab bpm^`flp ifkb^ibp- S^ibp crk,`flkbp pb ii^j^k om\inajmh\^dji`n* \kgd^\^dji`n* r jk`m\_jm`n, Dpqb `^mŒqril qo^q^ab ilp bgbjmilp jŠp pbk`fiilp- ii^j^alp qo^kpcloj^`flkbp gdi`\g`n* nrb pb mobpbk,q^k bk qla^p i^p o^j^p ab i^ L^qbjŠqf`^- K^p molmfba^abp ab qo^kpcloj^`flkbpjŠp dbkbo^ibp pb l_qfbkbk ^ jbkral ^molufjŠkali^p jbaf^kqb qo^kpcloj^`fl,kbp ifkb^ibp-
Hkqolar`fjlp mofjbol i^ klq^`fŽk v i^ qbojfklildŒ^ jŠp `loofbkqb obi^qfs^ ^crk`flkbp `r^ibpnrfbo^- Rb^k S v T alp `lkgrkqlp- Di pŒj_lil
P7R**(S
pb rp^oŠ m^o^ fkaf`^o nrb Q bp rk^ crk`fŽk `rvl aljfkfl bp S v `rvlp s^ilobpbpqŠk bk T, O^o^ `^a^ s ab S* bi bibjbkql Q&s' ab T pb ii^j^ dh\b`i _` s\ om\q„n _` Q* v ab`fjlp nrb Q \kgd^\ s `i Q&s', Rf > bp rk pr_`lkgrkql `r^i,nrfbo^ ab S* bi `lkgrkql ab qla^p i^p fjŠdbkbp Q&s' m^o^ s ab > pb ii^j^ g\ dh\+b`i _` > \ om\q„n_` Q v pb obmobpbkq^mlo Q&>', K^ fj^dbk abi aljfkfl S* Q&S'*bp bi ob`loofal ab P+
Rrmlkd^jlp ^elo^ nrb S v T plk bpm^`flp ifkb^ibp nrb qfbkbk bi jfpjl `lk,grkql ab bp`^i^obp+ v abcfk^jlp rk^ qo^kpcloj^`fŽk ifkb^i `ljl pfdrb-
CDEHMHBHˆM- Rf S X T nji _jn `nk\^djn gdi`\g`n* pi\ api^d‡i Q8S x T n`gg\h\ om\inajmh\^d‡i gdi`\g _` S `i T* pf od`i` g\n kmjkd`_\_`n ndbpd`io`n8
]( P%r * u( < P%r&* P+%s&_( P%]r& < ]P%r&
^p\g`nlpd`m\ lp` n`\i s ` u _` S*k\m\ oj_j s _` S v ^p\glpd`m `n^\g\m ^,
6/8
60/ Qm\inajmh\^dji`n gdi`\g`n t h\omd^`n
Dpql pfdkfcf`^ nrb Q `lkpbos^ i^ ^af`fŽk v i^ jriqfmif`^`fŽk mlo bp`^i^obp-K^p alp molmfba^abpmrbabk `lj_fk^opb bk rk^ cŽojri^ nrb bpq^_ib`b nrb
Q&\s * ]t' < \Q&s' * ]Q&t'
m^o^ qlal s v qlal t ab S v qlalp ilp bp`^i^obp \ v ], Olo fkar``fŽk+ qbkbjlpq^j_f‹k i^ obi^`fŽk jŠp dbkbo^i
m^o^ i bibjbkqlp `r^ibpnrfbo^ s! ,,, *s9 ab R u i bp`^i^obp `r^ibpnrfbo^^i&--- )[iŠ
Di ib`qlo mrbab `ljmol_^o cŠ`fijbkqb nrb ilp bgbjmilp pfdrfbkqbpplk qo^kp,cloj^`flkbp ifkb^ibp-
DIDLOKN 0- Qm\inajmh\^d‡i d_„iod^\, K^ qo^kpcloj^`fŽk Q8S x S* alkabP%r&< r m^o^ qlal r ab R) pb abkljfk^ qo^kpcloj^`fŽk fa‹kqf`^ u pb abpfdk^mlo / l mlo gq*
DIDLOKN 1- Qm\inajmh\^d‡i ^`mj, K^ qo^kpcloj^`fŽk Q8S x S nrb ^mif`^`^a^ bibjbkql ab S bk N pb ii^j^ qo^kpcloj^`fŽk `bol u pb abpfdk^ mlo k-
DIDLOKN 2- Jpgodkgd^\^d‡i kjm pi `n^\g\m adej ^, Sbkbjlp ^nrŒQ8S x S*alkab Q&s' < `s m^o^qlal s ab S, Br^kal ` < 0+pb qo^q^ab i^ qo^kpcloj^`fŽkfa‹kqf`^- Br^kal ` < /+ bp i^ qo^kpcloj^`fŽk `bol-
DIDLOKN 3- B^p\^dji`n gdi`\g`n, Rb^k S < Si v T < S h, C^alp hik•jbolp ob^ibp\p* `lk e< 0+1+--- +h v f < 0+1+ --- +i* abcfk^jlp Q8Si x s-+`ljl pfdrb9 P ^mif`^ `^a^ sb`qlo r < %r! +++)ri' ^_ Ri bk bi sb`qlo s < %sx),,, *Vh' ab S h ab ^`rboal `lk i^p b`r^`flkbp
h
Uc < H [cere m^o^ c < 0+1+--- +g +f;g
DIDLOKN 4- Mmj_p^oj dio`mdjm ^ji pi `g`h`ioj adej, Rb^ S rk bpm^`flbr`iŒabl- O^o^ rk bibjbkql cfgl w ab S* abcfk^jlp Q8S x Q ^pŒ9Rf s C S*P%r&< %r)t&) bi molar`ql fkqboflo ab r mlo w-
DIDLOKN 5- Mmjt`^^d‡i nj]m` pi np]`nk\^dj, Rb^k S rk bpm^`fl br`iŒablv P rk pr_bpm^`fl ab S ab afjbkpfŽk cfkfq^-Cbcfk^jlp Q8S x P ^pŒ9Rf s C S*P%r& bp i^ molvb``fŽk ab r pl_ob O+
Kˆ^g`j u m`^jmmd_j 600
DIDLOKN 6- Bg jk`m\_jm _`mdq\^d‡i, Rb^ S bi bpm^`fl ifkb^i ab qla^p i^pcrk`flkbp ob^ibp ` abofs^_ibp bk rk fkqbos^il ^_fboql %[) \&+ K^ qo^kpcloj^`fŽkifkb^i nrb ^mif`^ `^a^ crk`fŽk ` ab S bk pr abofs^a^ n$pb ii^j^ lmbo^alo abofs^,`fŽk v pb abpfdk^ mlo A, @pŒmrbp+ qbkbjlp A8 S x S* alkab A&a' < n$m^o‹i
`^a^ ` ab R+
DIDLOKN 7- Bg jk`m\_jm dio`bm\^d‡i, Rb^ S bi bpm^`fl ifkb^i ab qla^p i^pcrk`flkbp ob^ibp `lkqfkr^p bk rk fkqbos^il W[)\Y+ Rf ` C R) abcfk^jlp d < P%h`ljl i^ crk`fŽk S a^a^ mlo
a%r&< a'&o' _o pf [77788r 77788],
Dpq^ qo^kpcloj^`fŽk P pb ii^j^ lmbo^alo fkqbdo^`fŽk-
).&* AqPYR\ e _RP\__VQ\
Dk bpq^ pb``fŽk+ P obmobpbkq^rk^ qo^kpcloj^`fŽk ifkb^i ab rk bpm^`fl ifkb^iS bk rk bpm^`fl ifkb^i T,
RCMPCK? 05-0- Bg ^jiepioj Q&S' &m`^jmmd_j_` Q' `n pi np]`nk\^dj _` T,>_`hƒn* Q \kgd^\ `g `g`h`ioj ^`mj _` S `i `g `g`h`ioj ^`mj _` T,
A`hjnom\^d‡i, O^o^ abjlpqo^o nrb Q&S' bp rk pr_bpm^`fl ab T* q^k pŽilkb`bpfq^jlp `ljmol_^o ilp ^uflj^p ab `i^rpro^- Sljbjlp alp bibjbkqlp `r^ibp,nrfbo^ ab Q&S'* pb^k Q&s' v Qos&+ Dkqlk`bp Q&s' * Q&t' < Q&s * s&) ^pŒnrbQ&s' * Q&t' mboqbkb`b ^ Q&S', @pfjfpjl+ m^o^ `r^inrfbo bp`^i^o ` qbkbjlp^Q&s' < Q&^s'* `lk il nrb ^Q&s' mboqbkb`b ^ Q&S', Olo `lkpfdrfbkqb+ Q&S' bp rkpr_bpm^`fl ab T, Slj^kal ` < N bk i^ obi^`fŽk Q&^s' < ^Q&s'*bk`lkqo^jlp nrbP%[&< [+
CDEHMHBHˆM- Bg ^jiepioj _` oj_jn gjn `g`h`iojn _` S lp` Q \kgd^\ `i \ n`gg\h\ iˆ^g`j _` Q u n` _`ndbi\ kjm K&Q', >n…kp`n* o`i`hjn
K&Q' < vs Gs C S V Q&s' < Ny -
RCMPCK? 05-1- Bg iˆ^g`j _` Q `n pi np]`nk\^dj _` S,
A`hjnom\^d‡i, Rf s b v bpqŠk bk K&Q'* il jfpjl ibp l`roob ^ s *- v v ^ ^sm^o^ qlalp ilp bp`^i^obp `* v^ nrb
Q&s* s& < Q&s' * Q&'%'< M v Q&^s' < ^Q&s' < N-
601 Qm\inajmh\^dji`n gdi`\g`n u h\omd^`n
Klp bgbjmilp nrb pfdrbk abp`of_bk ilp k•`iblp ab i^p qo^kpcloj^`flkbp ifkb^,ibp a^a^p bk i^ pb``fŽk 05-0-
DIDLOKN 0- Qm\inajmh\^d‡i d_„iod^\, Di k•`ibl bp xNy+ bi pr_bpm^`fl`lkpqfqrfal q^k pŽil mlo bi bibjbkql `bol-
DIDLOKN 1- Qm\inajmh\^d‡i ^`mj, Orbpql nrb qlal bibjbkql ab S pb ^mif`^bk `bol+ bi k•`ibl bp bi jfpjl S,
DIDLOKN 2- Jpgodkgd^\^d‡i kjm pi `n^\g\m adej ^, Rf ` ;/; N+ bi k•`ibl pŽil`lkqfbkb bi bibjbkql N- Rf ^ < N+ bi k•`ibl bp R+
DIDLOKN 3- B^p\^dji`n gdi`\g`n, Di k•`ibl bpqŠ `lkpqfqrfal mlo qlalp ilpsb`qlobp 'u-+ --- +si' ab s+ m^o^ ilp `r^ibp
i
G[cere < N m^o^ d < 0+1+--- +g +Q_R
DIDLOKN 4- Mmj_p^oj dio`mdjm kjm pi `g`h`ioj adej w- Di k•`ibl `lkpq^ab qlalp ilp bibjbkqlp ab S loqldlk^ibp ^ w-
DIDLOKN 5- Mmjt`^^d‡i nj]m` pi np]`nk\^dj P, Rf U D R) qbkbjlp i^•kf`^ abp`ljmlpf`fŽk loqldlk^i s < p * p0- 'pbd•k bi qblobj^ 04-04(- Orbpql nrbP%r& < p+ qbkbjlp P%r& < N pf u pŽil pf r < n/,, Olo `lkpfdrfbkqb+ bi k•`ibl &bp3/,* bi `ljmibjbkql loqldlk^i ab P,
DIDLOKN 6- Lk`m\_jm _`mdq\^d‡i, Di k•`ibl bpqŠ cloj^al mlo qla^p i^pcrk`flkbp `lkpq^kqbp bk bi fkqbos^il a^al-
DIDLOKN 7- Lk`m\_jm dio`bm\^d‡i, Di k•`ibl `lkqfbkb pli^jbkqb i^ crk,`fŽk `bol-
05-2 CfjbkpfŽk abi k•`ibl v o^kdl ab i^ qo^kpcloj^`fŽk
S^j_f‹k bk bpq^ pb``fŽk Q obmobpbkq^rk^ qo^kpcloj^`fŽk ab rk bpm^`fl ifkb^iR bk rk bpm^`fl ifkb^i S+ Mlp fkqbobp^ i^ obi^`fŽk bkqob i^p afjbkpflkbp ab R) abik•`ibl J%P&u abi ob`loofal P%R&+Rf R bp ab afjbkpfŽk cfkfq^+bi k•`ibl q^j_f‹kil pboŠ mlo pbo rk pr_bpm^`fl ab R+ Dk bi qblobj^ nrb pfdrb+ abjlpqo^jlp nrbbi ob`loofal P%R& q^j_f‹k bp ab afjbkpfŽk cfkfq^: pr afjbkpfŽk pb ii^j^ l[haiab P+
Adh`ind‡i _`g iˆ^g`j u m\ibj _` g\ om\inajmh\^d‡i 602
RCMPCK? 05-2- Pd S `n _` _dh`ind‡i adido\* o\h]d„i gj `n l_s&) u o`i`hjn
'05-0( afj J%P&* afj P%R&< afj R+
Ad^cj _` jomj hj_j* g\ _dh`ind‡i _`g iˆ^g`j hƒn `g m\ibj _` pi\ om\inajmh\^d‡igdi`\g `n dbp\g \ g\ _dh`ind‡i _` np _jhdidj,
A`hjnom\^d‡i, Rb^k i < afj S u `!!! `y rk^ _^pb m^o^ K&Q'* alkabe < afj J%P& w i, Rbd•k bi qblobj^ 04-6+ bplp bibjbkqlp cloj^k m^oqb ab rk^`fboq^ _^pb ab R) mlo bgbjmil ab i^ _^pb
'05-1(
alkab f * l < h+ Cbjlpqo^objlp, nrb ilp l bibjbkqlp
'05-2(
cloj^k rk^ _^pb ab Q&S'*abjlpqo^kal ^pŒnrb afj Q&S';m, Orbpql nrb f)m;i*q^j_f‹k bpl abjrbpqo^ '05-0(-
Cbjlpqo^jlp mofjbol nrb ilp l bibjbkqlp ab '05-2( dbkbo^k P%R&+Rfv C P%R&)bp v < P%r&m^o^ rk `fboql r ab R) v mlabjlp bp`of_fo r < ]._. (* ---* ?e(l_e(l+ Krbdl+ qbkbjlp
f)m f f+d+m f)m
s < Q&s' < I^G&`d' <K ^G&`9' * 19 ^dQ&`9'< 19 ^dQ&`d'f:f q<i c:.+7)0 c:e(f
mrbpql nrb P%_.& < --- :P%_e&: N- Dpql abjrbpqo^ nrb ilp bibjbkqlp '05-2(dbkbo^k P%R&+
Cbjlpqobjlp ^elo^ nrb bplp bibjbkqlp plk fkabmbkafbkqbp- Rrmlkd^jlp nrbbufpqfbo^k bp`^i^obp ?e(f) +++ ) ?e(l q^ibp nrb
o`+d+m
/7 ^dQ&`9'< N]dxf)g
Dpql fjmif`^oŒ^ nrb
&
o^+qm 'Q 19 :z, < N
x:e*d 0
603 Qm\inajmh\^dji`n gdi`\g`n v h\omd^`n
mlo 0/ nrb bi bibjbkql r < ]en*)_e(f * --- * ?e(l_e(l pboŒabi k•`ibl J%P&+Rfd,kfcf`^ bpql nrb bufpqfoŒ^kbp`^i^obp?.) ††† ) ^` q^ibpnrb s < ^.`. * --- * `n`n* `lkil nrb qbkaoŒ^jlp
g` F^)Q
V , V < y `,`• + x `,`y < M -fzi :zh*i
Obol `ljl ilp bibjbkqlp '05-1( plk fkabmbkafbkqbp+qlalp ilp bp`^i^obp `* e^k abpbo `bol- Olo `lkpfdrfbkqb+ ilp bibjbkqlp '05-2( plk fkabmbkafbkqbp-
Jin[7 Rf R bp ab afjbkpfŽk fkcfkfq^ mlo 0/ jbklp rkl ab ilp alp J%P& l P%R&bpab afjbkpfŽk fkcfkfq^- Dk bi bgbo`f`fl 2/ ab i^ Rb``fŽk 05-3 pb bp_lw^ rk^ abjlpqo^`fŽkab bpqb eb`el-
).&, :WR_PVPV\`
Dk `^a^ rkl ab ilp bgbo`f`flp abi 0 ^i 0/+ pb abcfkb rk^ qo^kpcloj^`fŽk P7R0
x R0
jbaf^kqb i^ cŽojri^ a^a^ m^o^ P%r)s&) alkab %r)u( bp rk mrkql `r^inrfbo^ ab R0Š Cbqbo,jfk^o bk `^a^ `^pl pf Q bp ifkb^i- Rf Q bp ifkb^i+ ab`fo `rŠibp plk bi k•`ibl v bi ob`loofal+ v`^i`ri^o prp afjbkpflkbp
f+ P%r)s& < %s)r&+/+ P%r)s& < %r) *s&+
0+ P%r)s& < %r) K&+
1+ P%r) s& < %r) r&+
2+ P%r) s& < %r/) s/&+
3+ P%r)s& < %_T)_$f&+
4+ P%r)s& < %r) .&+
5+ P%r)s& < %r * f)s * 0(-6+ P%r) s& < %r * s) r * s&+
.-+ P%r) s& < %/r * s) r * s&+
G^`bo il jfpjl bk `^a^ rkl ab ilp bgbo`f`flp abi 00 ^i 04- Rf i^ qo^kpcloj^`fŽkQ8S 1 z S0 bp i^ nrb pb fkaf`^-..+ P e^`b dfo^o `r^inrfbo ,mrkql bi jfpjl Škdril ;.= ^iobabalo abi lofdbk- Dpql bp+P ^mif`^
rk mrkql ab `lloabk^a^p mli^obp %l)K& bk bi mrkql ab `lloabk^a^p mli^obp %l) -(9,|)alkab ;.= bp cfgl- @abjŠp+ Q ^mif`^ N bk pŒjfpjl-
/0, Q ^mif`^ `^a^ mrkql bk pr pfj‹qof`l obpmb`ql ^ rk^ ob`q^ cfg^ nrb m^p^ mlo bi lofdbk-/1, Q ^mif`^ qlal mrkql bk bi mrkql '0+ 0(-.1+ P ^mif`^ `^a^ mrkql ab `lloabk^a^p mli^obp %l) & bk bi mrkql ab `lloabk^a^p %/l) K&+
@abjŠp+ Q ^mif`^ N bk pŒjfpjl-.2+ P ^mif`^ `^a^ mrkql ab `lloabk^a^p mli^obp 'o+ K& bk bi mrkql ab `lloabk^a^p %l) /-&+
@abjŠp+ P ^mif`^ N bk pŒjfpjl-
G^`bo il jfpjl bk `^a^ rkl ab ilp bgbo`f`flp 05 ^i 12 pf i^ qo^kpcloj^`fŽk Q8S 2 z S 2
bpqŠ abcfkfa^ mlo i^ cŽojri^ nrb pb a^ m^o^ Pn8r) v+ w(+alkab %r) v+ w( bp rk mrkql ^o_fqo^ofl&ab S\%
.3+ P%r) t* w( < 'w+s) r&+
.4+ P%r) s) w( < %r) s) K&+
.5+ P%r) s) t& < %r) /s) 0t&+
.6+ P%r)s) t& < %r) s) 0(-
/-+ P%r)s) t& < %r * E)s * 0+t * 0(-/.+ P%r)s) u' < %r * i+v * 1+u * 2(-//+ P%r) s) t& < %r) s/) W1',
/0+ P%r) s) t& < %r * t) N+ r * s&+
Be`m^d^djn /)-
Dk `^a^ rkl ab ilp bgbo`f`flp abi 13 ^i 16+ i^ qo^kpcloj^`fŽk P7R w R bp i^ nrb pbfkaf`^- Cbqbojfk^o+ bk `^a^ `^pl+ pf Q bp ifkb^i- Rf il bp+ ab`fo `rŠibp plk bi k•`ibl v biob`loofal v `^i`ri^o prp afjbkpflkbp `r^kal pb^k cfkfq^p-13- Rb^ R bi bpm^`fl ifkb^i ab qlalp ilp mlifkljflp ob^ibp j%r& ab do^al z h+ Rf j D R)
k < P%j& pfdkfcf`^ nrb k%r&< j%r * 0( m^o^ qlal ob^i ab r+
14- Rb^ S bi bpm^`fl ifkb^i ab qla^p i^p crk`flkbp ob^ibp abofs^_ibp bk bi fkqbos^il ^_fboql',0+ 0(- Rf ` C R) d < P%`&pfdkfcf`^ nrb a%r&< r`$%r& m^o^ qlal r ab ',0+ 0(-
15- Rb^ R bi bpm^`fl ifkb^i ab qla^p i^p crk`flkbp ob^ibp `lkqfkr^p bk W[) \Y+ Rf ` D R)d < P%`&pfdkfcf`^ nrb
a%r& <G8G&o'pbk %r * o' _o m^o^ [ n8 r 7788] ,
16- Rb^ U bi bpm^`fl ab qla^p i^p crk`flkbp ob^ibp abofs^_ibp alp sb`bp bk rk fkqbos^il^_fboql %[)\&+ Rf X C U+ abcfkfo P%s&< u! * Ls$ * Ou pfbkal L v O alp `lkpq^kqbp-
17- Rb^ U bi bpm^`fl ifkb^i ab qla^p i^p pr`bpflkbp ob^ibp `lksbodbkqbp wt-x+Cbcfkfjlp rk^qo^kpcloj^`fŽk P7RwR ^pŒ9Rf r:ur!v bp rk^ pr`bpfŽk `lksbodbkqb `lk iŒjfqb [)mlkbjlp P%r&< us!v) alkab u! < [ * r8 m^o^ h ƒ 0- Cbjlpqo^o nrb P bp ifkb^i v ab`fo`rŠibp plk bi k•`ibl u bi ob`loofal ab S-
18- Rb^ U bi bpm^`fl ifkb^i ab qla^p i^p crk`flkbp `lkqfkr^p bk bi fkqbos^il X+5Q* 5QI- Rb^ Rbi pr_`lkgrkql ab U nrb `lkpq^ ab qla^p i^p crk`flkbp ` nrb p^qfpc^`bk i^p qobpb`r^`flkbp
oG&o'_o < N+ qooG&o'lp o_o < N+ 'oo G&o'pbk o_o < N -† *.P
^( Cbjlpqo^o nrb R bp rk pr_bpm^`fl ab U-_( Cbjlpqo^o nrb R `lkqfbkb i^p crk`flkbp `%r&< `lp hr v `%r&< pbk hr m^o^ `^a^i < 1+ 2+ -- +`( Cbjlpqo^o nrb R bp ab afjbkpfŽk fkcfkfq^-
Rb^ P7U z U i^ qo^kpcloj^`fŽk ifkb^i abcfkfa^ ^pŒ9Rf ` D R) d < P%`&pfdkfcf`^ nrb
a%r& <qooxi * `lp %r * o'wG&o'n )
2/-
a( Cbjlpqo^o nrb P%R&)bi ob`loofal ab P) bp ab afjbkpfŽk cfkfq^ v e^ii^o rk^ _^pbm^o^ P%R&+
b( Cbqbojfk^o bi k•`ibl ab P+
c( G^ii^o qlalp ilp k•jbolp ob^ibp ^ 9%!N X qla^p i^p crk`flkbp ` kl kri^p ab U q^ibp nrbP%`&< _Y+'N_p‹osbpb nrb rk^ q^i Emboqbkb`b ^i ob`loofal ab P+&Rb^ Q8U z T rk^ qo^kpcloj^`fŽk ifkb^i ab rk bpm^`fl ifkb^i U bk rk bpm^`fl ifkb^iS+ Rf R bp ab afjbkpfŽk fkcfkfq^+ abjlpqo^o nrb mlo il jbklp rkl ab ilp alp P%R&l J%P& bp ab afjbkpfŽk fkcfkfq^-
WEh^c][]cƒh7 RrmŽkd^pb afj J%P& < e) afj P%R&< l) pb^ _f$ +++) _f rk^ _^pbm^o^ J%P& v pb^k _f) +++) _! _e(f) +++ `^,9 bibjbkqlp &fkabmbkafbkqbpab U+ pfbkalh; l+ Klp bibjbkqlp P%_e(f&)+++) P%_e)!&plk abmbkafbkqbp v^ nrb h; l) Tqfifw^obpqb eb`el m^o^ l_qbkbo rk^ `lkqo^af``fŽk-\
5/4 Qm\inajmh\^dji`n gdi`\g`n u h\omd^`n
).&- B]R_NPV\[RNYTRO_NVPN`P\[ a_N[`S\_ZNPV\[RYV[RNYR`
K^p crk`flkbp `rvlp s^ilobp mboqbkb`bk ^ rk bpm^`fl ifkb^i a^al S mrbabkprj^opb rk^p `lk lqo^p v mrbabk jriqfmif`^opb mlo bp`^i^obp ab T ab ^`rboal`lk i^ abcfkf`fŽk pfdrfbkqb-
CDEHMHBHˆM- P`\i R9S x T u Q8S x T _jn api^dji`n ^ji pi _jhdidj^jhˆi S t ^ji q\gjm`n k`mo`i`^d`io`n \ pi `nk\^dj gdi`\g T, Rf ` `n pi `n^\g\m^p\glpd`m\ _` T* _`adidhjn g\ nph\ R * Q v `g kmj_p^oj ^Q kjm g\n `^p\^dji`n
' 05-3( 'Q * Q'&s' < P&s' * Q&s' * &^Q'&s' < ^Q&s'
k\m\ oj_j s _` S,
Mlp fkqbobp^ bpmb`f^ijbkqb bi `^pl bk bi nrb S bp q^j_f‹k rk bpm^`fl ifkb^i`lk ilp jfpjlp bp`^i^obp nrb S+ Dk bpqb `^pl abpfdk^jlp `lk 1!' R) S& bi `lk,grkql ab qla^p i^p qo^kpcloj^`flkbp ifkb^ibp ab S bk T,
Rf R X Q plk alp qo^kpcloj^`flkbp ifkb^ibp ab 1!' S* T'* bp rk pbk`fiil bgbo`f,`fl `ljmol_^o nrb R* Q v ^Q q^j_f‹k plk qo^kpcloj^`flkbp ifkb^ibp ab 1&' R) S&+
@•k jŠp- Blk i^p lmbo^`flkbp nrb ^`^_^jlp ab abcfkfo+ bi jfpjl `lkgrkql/!% R) S& pb qo^kpcloj^ bk rk krbsl bpm^`fl ifkb^i- K^ qo^kpcloj^`fŽk `bol pfosbab bibjbkql `bol bk bpb bpm^`fl+ v i^ qo^kpcloj^`fŽk %*f&P bp i^ lmrbpq^ ab P+Rb `ljmorb_^ nrb pb p^qfpc^`bk ilp afbw ^uflj^p ab rk bpm^`fl ifkb^i- Olo `lk,pfdrfbkqb+ qbkbjlp bi pfdrfbkqb-
RCMPCK? 05-3- Bg ^jiepioj /!%R) T' _` oj_\n g\n om\inajmh\^dji`n gdi`\+g`n _` S `i T `n pi `nk\^dj gdi`\g ^ji g\n jk`m\^dji`n _` \_d^d‡i u hpgodkgd^\+^d‡i kjm `n^\g\m`n _`adid_\n `i '05-3(-
Tk^ lmbo^`fŽk ^idb_o^f`^ jŠp fkqbobp^kqb nrb pb bcb`q•^ `lk i^p qo^kpclo,j^`flkbp ifkb^ibp bp i^ ^jhkjnd^d‡i j hpgodkgd^\^d‡i ab qo^kpcloj^`flkbp- Dpq^lmbo^`fŽk kl rqfifw^ i^ bpqor`qro^ ^idb_o^f`^ ab rk bpm^`fl ifkb^i v mrbab abcfkfopb`lk bkqbo^ dbkbo^ifa^a abi pfdrfbkqb jlal9
CDEHMHBfˆM- A\_jn gjn ^jiepiojn Q) S, T, P`\i Q8Q w S pi\ api^d‡i ^ji_jhdidj R v q\gjm`n `i R) v R9R w T jom\ api^d‡i ^ji _jhdidj R v q\gjm`n `iT, I\ ^jhkjnd^d‡i PQ `n g\ api^d‡i PQ8R x T _`adid_\ kjm
&PQ'&s' < PXQ&s'Z k\m\ oj_j s `i R,
@pŒmrbp+ m^o^ ^mif`^o s jbaf^kqb i^ `ljmlpf`fŽk PQ* ^mif`^jlp mofjbol sjbaf^kqb Q*v irbdl ^mif`^jlp Q&s' mlo jbafl ab R- Dpql pb obmobpbkq^bk i^ cfdr,o^ 05-0-
Lk`m\^dji`n \gb`]m\d^\n ^ji om\inajmh\^dji`n gdi`\g`n 606
PQ8 R+++,T
EHFTQ@ 05-0 Dmƒad^j _` g\ ^jhkjnd^d‡i _` _jn om\inajmh\^dji`n,
K^ `ljmlpf`fŽk ab crk`flkbp ob^ibp pb e^ bk`lkqo^al obmbqfa^psb`bp bkkrbpqol bpqrafl abi BŠi`ril+ v ebjlp sfpql nrb i^ lmbo^`fŽk+bk dbkbo^i+kl bp`lkjrq^qfs^- Ml l_pq^kqb+`ljl bk bi `^pl ab i^p crk`flkbp ob^ibp+i^ `ljmlpf,`fŽk p^qfpc^`bi^ ibv ^pl`f^qfs^-
SDNQDL@ 05-4- Pd Q8R x S* P8S x T, u O8T x W nji om`napi^dji`n* o`+i`hjn
N%OP&< %NO&P
A`hjnom\^d‡i, K^p crk`flkbp O&PQ' v &OP'Q qfbkbk ^j_^p aljfkfl R ts^ilobp bk W- O^o^ `^a^ s ab Q) qbkbjlp
WN%OP&Y%r&< NW%OP&%r&Y< NWOWP%r&YYW W%NO&PF%r&< %NO&WP%r&Y< NWOWP%r&YY)
il nrb abjrbpqo^ Prb N%OP&< %NO&P+
CDEHMHBHˆM- Rb^ Q8S x S pi\ api^d‡i lp` \kgd^\ S `i n…hdnhj, A`adid+hjn di_p^odq\h`io` g\n kjo`i^d\n `io`m\n _` Q ^jhj ndbp`8
QL; f) P! < P$E;| j[l[ h = i-
@nrŒ. obmobpbkqi^ qo^kpcloj^`fŽk fa‹kqf`^- Di ib`qlo mrbab `ljmol_^o nrbi^ ibv ^pl`f^qfs^ fjmif`^ i^ ibv ab bumlkbkqbpQ!%Q!< Q!%8!m^o^ qlalp ilp bkqb,olp 00/ kbd^qfslp h v i,
Di qblobj^ nrb pfdrb morb_^ nrb i^ `ljmlpf`fŽk ab qo^kpcloj^`flkbp gdi`\g`nbp ifkb^i-
607 Qm\inajmh\^dji`n gdi`\g`n u h\omd^`n
RCMPCK? 05-5- Pd R* S* T nji `nk\^djn gdi`\g`n ^ji gjn hdnhjn `n^\g\m`n*v nd Q8RxS v P8SxT nji om\inajmh\^dji`n gdi`\g`n* g\ ^jhkjnd^d‡i PQ8RxT`n gdi`\g,
A`hjnom\^d‡i, O^o^ qlal s v qlal v ab R v qlalp ilp bp`^i^obp \ v ]* qb,kbjlp
&PQ'&\s * ]t' < PXQ&\s * ]t'Z < PX\Q&s' * ]Q&t'Z < \PQ&s' * ]PQ&t' ,
K^ `ljmlpf`fŽk mrbab `lj_fk^opb ,`lk i^p lmbo^`flkbp ^idb_o^f`^p ab ^af`fŽkv jriqfmif`^`fŽk mlo bp`^i^obpbk i&'q*S& iibd^kal ^i pfdrfbkqb
RCMPCK? 05-6- P`\i R* S* T `nk\^djn gdi`\g`n ^ji gjn hdnhjn `n^\g\m`n*npkjib\hjn lp` R v Q k`mo`i`^`i \ 2_%S* T'* v n`\ ` pi `n^\g\m ^p\glpd`m\,
]( M\m\ ^p\glpd`m api^d‡i O ^ji q\gjm`n `i S* o`i`hjn
'Q * Q'O < PO * QO u &^P'O < ^&PO' ,
_( M\m\ ^p\glpd`m om\inajmh\^d‡i gdi`\g O8T x R* o`i`hjn
O&P* Q' < OP * OQ u O&^P' < ^&OP' ,
K^ abjlpqo^`fŽk bp rk^ `lkpb`rbk`f^ fkjbaf^q^ ab i^ abcfkf`fŽk ab `ljml,pf`fŽk v pb abg^ `ljl bgbo`f`fl-
).&. =[cR_`N`
@i bpqraf^o i^p crk`flkbp ob^ibp^mobkafjlp `Žjl `lkpqorfo krbs^p crk`flkbpjbaf^kqb i^ fksbopfŽk ab crk`flkbp jlkŽqlk^p- Prbobjlp ^elo^ buqbkabo bi j‹,qlal ab fksbopfŽk ^ rk^ `i^pb jŠp dbkbo^i ab crk`flkbp-
C^a^ rk^ crk`fŽk P) krbpqol l_gbqfsl bp bk`lkqo^o+pf bp mlpf_ib+lqo^ crk`fŽkR `rv^ `ljmlpf`fŽk `lk Q pb^ i^ qo^kpcloj^`fŽk fa‹kqf`^- Orbpql nrb i^ `ljml,pf`fŽk+bk dbkbo^i+kl bp `lkjrq^qfs^+ qbkbjlp nrb afpqfkdrfo PQ ab QP, Olo ilq^kql fkqolar`fjlp alp qfmlpab fksbop^p nrb ii^j^jlp jsbop^ mlo i^ abob`e^ bfksbop^ mlo i^ fwnrfboa^-
CDEHMHBHˆM- A\_jn _jn ^jiepiojn S u T u pi\ api^d‡i Q8S x T, P` _d^`lp` pi\ api^d‡i P8Q&S' x S `n diq`mn\ _` Q kjm g\ dulpd`m_\ pf PXQ&s'Z < sk\m\ oj_j s _` S, `noj `n* nd
PQ; o,*
Fiq`mn\n 608
_ji_` gq `n g\ om\inajmh\^d‡i d_„iod^\ nj]m` R+ Ri\ api^d‡i N7P%R&w R n`gg\h\ diq`mn\ _` P kjm g\ _`m`^c\ nd PWN%s&Y< V k\m\ oj_j s _` P%R&)noj `n* nd
QO < FPq&)
_ji_` ,l%R& `n g\ om\inajmh\^d‡i d_„iod^\ nj]m` Q&S',
CHCKNJM- Ri\ api^d‡i ndi diq`mn\ kjm g\ dulpd`m_\ k`mj ^ji _jn diq`mn\nkjm g\ _`m`^c\, Rb^k S < x0+ 1y X T < xNy- Cbcfkfjlp Q8S x T `ljl pfdrb9P%f&< P%/&< N- Dpq^ crk`fŽk qfbkb alp fksbop^p mlo i^ abob`e^ N7S w R XO%8T x S a^a^p mlo
N%K&< 0 + N$%K&< 1-
Ml mrbab qbkbo fksbop^ mlo i^ fwnrfboa^ R v^ nrb biil bufdfoŒ^
0 < OWP%E&Y< O_K& v- 1 < OWP%/&Y< O_K&+
Dpqb pbk`fiil bgbjmil mlkb ab j^kfcfbpql nrb kl qfbkb nrb bufpqfo kb`bp^of^jbkqbfksbop^ mlo i^ fwnrfboa^ v nrb i^ fksbop^ mlo i^ abob`e^ kl qfbkb nrb pbo kb`bp^,of^jbkqb •kf`^-
Sla^ crk`fŽk Q8S x T qfbkb mlo-il jbklp rk^ fksbop^ ^ i^ abob`e^- Dk bcb`,ql+ `^a^ s ab P%R&qfbkb i^ cloj^ s < P%r&m^o^ ^i jbklp rk r ab R+ Rf bibdfjlprkl ab bplp s^ilobp r v abcfkfjlp N%s&< r) bkqlk`bp PWN%s&Y< P%r&< s m^o^`^a^ t ab P%R&) pŒnrb N bp rk^ fksbop^ mlo i^ abob`e^- K^ kl rkf`fa^a mrbab mob,pbkq^opb ab_fal ^ nrb mrbab e^_bo jŠp ab rk s ab S nrb pb ^mifnrb bk rk t abP%R&+Cbkqol ab ml`l abjlpqo^objlp 'qblobj^ 05-8( nrb pf `^a^ s ab P%R&bpi^ fj^dbk ab pi n‡gj s ab S* i^ fksbop^ mlo i^ abob`e^ bp •kf`^-
@kqbpabjlpqo^objlp nrb pf bufpqb fksbop^ mlo i^ fwnrfboa^ bp •kf`^ v+ ^i jfpjlqfbjml+ bp fksbop^ ^ i^ abob`e^-
RCMPCK? 05-7- Ri\ Q8S x T kp`_` o`i`m \ gj hƒn pi\ diq`mn\ kjm g\dulpd`m_\, Rf Q od`i` diq`mn\ kjm g\ dulpd`m_\ R+ `ioji^`n R `n o\h]d„i diq`mn\kjm g\ _`m`^c\,
A`hjnom\^d‡i, Rrmlkd^jlp nrb Q qbkd^ alp fksbop^p mlo i^ fwnrfboa^+O7P%R&w R v O$7P%R&w R+ Difg^jlp `r^inrfbo s bk P%R&+Cbjlpqo^objlp nrbO%s&< O$%s&+Bljl s < P%r&m^o^ rk `fboql r ab R) qbkbjlp
OWP%r&Y< r u O$WP%r&Y< r)
61/ Qm\inajmh\^dji`n gdi`\g`n v h\omd^`n
mrbpql nrb O u O$ plk ^j_^p fksbop^p mlo i^ fwnrfboa^- Olo `lkpfdrfbkqb O%s&< rv O$%s&< r) `lk il nrb O%s&< O$%s&m^o^ qlal v ab P%R&+Olo il q^kql O < O$
il nrb abjrbpqo^ nrb i^p fksbop^p mlo i^ fwnrfboa^ `lfk`fabk-Cbjlpqobjlp ^elo^ nrb qla^ fksbop^ mlo i^ fwnrfboa^ O bp q^j_f‹k fksbop^
mlo i^ abob`e^- Difg^jlp rk bibjbkql `r^inrfbo^ v bk P%R&+Cbjlpqo^objlp nrbPWO%s&Y< s+ Orbpql nrb s C P%R&)qbkbjlp s < P%r& m^o^ rk `fboql r ab R+ ObolO bp fksbop^ mlo i^ fwnrfboa^+ ^pŒnrb
r < OWP%r&Y< O%s&+
@mif`^kal P) iibd^jlp ^ P%r& < PWO%s&Y+Obol v < P%r&) `lk il nrb s < PWO%s&Y)
il `r^i `ljmibq^ i^ abjlpqo^`fŽk-Di qblobj^ nrb pfdrb `^o^`qbofw^ qla^p i^p crk`flkbp nrb qfbkbk fksbop^ mlo
i^ fwnrfboa^-
RCMPCK? 05-8- Ri\ api^d‡i Q8S x T od`i` diq`mn\ kjm g\ dulpd`m_\ nd vn‡gj nd Q \kgd^\ `g`h`iojn _dnodiojn _` S `i `g`h`iojn _dnodiojn _` T9 `noj `n*nd t n‡gj nd*k\m\ ^p\g`nlpd`m\ s ` v _` S*
'05-4( sxt dhkgd^\ P%r& w P%s&+
Kjo\8 K^ `lkaf`fŽk '05-4( bp bnrfs^ibkqb ^ i^ ^cfoj^`fŽk
'05-5( P%r&< P%s& fjmif`^ s ;t,
Tk^ crk`fŽk Q nrb p^qfpc^`b '05-4( l '05-5( m^o^ `r^ibpnrfbo^ r b v ab S pb abkljfk^ ohi\ pij bk S,
A`hjnom\^d‡i, Rrmlkd^jlp nrb P bp i^ fksbop^ mlo i^ fwnrfboa^ ab Q* v nrbP%r&< P%s&+Prbobjlp abjlpqo^o nrb r: u- @mif`^kal O) bk`lkqo^jlp OWP%r&Y:
OWP%s&Y+Orbpql nrb OW4$%r&Y< r v OWP%s&Y< v+ bpql fjmif`^ r < v- Blk biilnrba^ abjlpqo^al nrb rk^ crk`fŽk `lk fksbop^ mlo i^ fwnrfboa^ bp rkl ^ rkl bkpr aljfkfl-
Cbjlpqobjlp ^elo^ bi ob`Œmol`l- Rrmlkd^jlp nrb Q bp rkl ^ rkl bk U-Dk`lkqo^objlp rk^ crk`fŽk P8 Q&U( z U nrb bp fksbop^ ab Q mlo i^ fwnrfboa^-Rf s C P%R&) bkqlk`bp s < P%r& m^o^ rk `fboql r ab U- Dk sfoqra ab '05-5(+ bufp,qb _r[]n[g_hn_ oh r bk U m^o^ bi `r^i s < P%r&+Cbcfk^jlp O%s& ljl bpb r+ Dpql+bp+ abcfk^jlp O bk P%R& `ljl pfdrb9
O%s&< s fjmif`^ nrb P%r&< t,
Sbkbjlp bkqlk`bp OWP%r&Y< r m^o^ `^a^ r ab R) ^pŒnrb OP < gq* Olo `lkpf,drfbkqb+ i^ crk`fŽk P ^pŒabcfkfa^ bp fksbop^ ab Q mlo i^ fwnrfboa^-
Qm\inajmh\^dji`n gdi`\g`n pij \ pij 610
CDEHMHBHˆM- P`\ Q8S x T pij \ pij `i S, I\ ˆid^\ diq`mn\ _` Q kjm g\dulpd`m_\ &g\^p\g n\]`hjn lp` o\h]d„i `n diq`mn\ kjm g\ _`m`^c\' n` _`ndbi\kjm Q+/, A`^dhjn lp` Q `n diq`mod]g`*v gg\h\hjn \ Q+gg\ diq`mn\ _` Q,
Klp obpriq^alp ab bpq^ pb``fŽk pb obcfbobk ^ crk`flkbp `r^ibpnrfbo^- Rbdrfa^,jbkqb ^mif`^jlp bp^p fab^p ^ i^p qo^kpcloj^`flkbp ifkb^ibp-
).&/ F_N[`S\_ZNPV\[R YV[RNYR`b[\ N b[\
Dk bpq^ pb``fŽk+ R v S obmobpbkq^k bpm^`flp ifkb^ibp `lk ilp jfpjlp bp`^,i^obp+ v Q8S x T bp rk^ qo^kpcloj^`fŽk ifkb^i ab , g%&S*T', K^ ifkb^ifa^a ab Qklp mbojfqb bumobp^o ab s^of^p j^kbo^p i^ molmfba^a ab nrb rk^ qo^kpcloj^`fŽkifkb^i pb^ rkl ^ rkl-
RCMPCK? 05-0/- P`\ Q8S x T pi\ om\inajmh\^d‡i gdi`\g _` , g%&S*T',Pji `lpdq\g`io`n g\n ndbpd`io`n kmjkjnd^dji`n,
]( Q `n pij \ pij `i S,_( Q `n diq`mod]g v np diq`mn\ Q+/8Q&S' x S `n gdi`\g,b( M\m\ oj_j s _` S* Q&s'< N dhkgd^\ s < N- Bnoj `n*`g iˆ^g`j K&Q' ^ji+
od`i` njg\h`io` `g `g`h`ioj ^`mj _` S,
A`hjnom\^d‡i, Cbjlpqo^objlp nrb ^( fjmif`^ _(+ _( fjmif`^ b(+ v b( fjmif,`^ ^(- Rrmlkd^jlp mofjbol nrb ^( bp `fboq^- Q qfbkb bkqlk`bp fksbop^ 'pbd•k biqblobj^ 05-8(+ v qbkbjlp nrb abjlpqo^o nrb Q+/ bp ifkb^i- Sljbjlp alp bibjbk,qlp `r^ibpnrfbo^ p v p ab Q&S', Dkqlk`bp p < Q&s' v p < Q&t' m^o^ ^id•k s v^id•k v ab R+ O^o^ alp bp`^i^obp `r^ibpnrfbo^ \ v \) qbkbjlp
\p * ]p < \Q&s' * ]Q&t' < Q&\s* ]t' *
v^ nrb Q bp ifkb^i- Krbdl+ ^mif`^kal Q+/* qbkbjlp
Q+g&\p* ]p' < \s * ]t < \Q+g&p'* ]Q+g&p'*
^pŒnrb Q+. bp ifkb^i- Olo `lkpfdrfbkqb ^( fjmif`^ _(-Rrmlkd^jlp pbdrfa^jbkqb nrb _( bp `fboq^- Sljbjlp rk s `r^inrfbo^ ab S
m^o^ bi `r^i Q&s' < N- @mif`^kal Q+.) bk`lkqo^jlp nrb s < Q+/&.' < N+ mrbpql
nrb Q+. bp ifkb^i- Olo `lkpfdrfbkqb+ _( fjmif`^ b(-Olo •iqfjl+ prmlkd^jlp `fboq^ b(- Sljbjlp alp bibjbkqlp `r^ibpnrfbo^ p
v q ab S pfbkal Q&p';Q&q', Olo i^ ifkb^ifa^a+ qbkbjlp Q&p+g%'< Q&p'+Q&p';< N+ ^pŒnrb p+p < N- Olo `lkpfdrfbkqb+ Q bp rkl ^ rkl bk S* u nrba^ `ljmib,q^a^ i^ abjlpqo^`fŽk abi qblobj^-
0++ Qm\inajmh\^dji`n gdi`\g`n t h\omd^`n
Br^kal S bp ab afjbkpfŽk cfkfq^+i^ molmfba^a ab pbo rkl ^ rkl mrbab clo,jri^opb bk crk`fŽk ab i^ abmbkabk`f^ v ab i^ afjbkpflk^ifa^a+ `ljl pb fkaf`^bk bi qblobj^ nrb pfdrb-
RCMPCK? 05-00- P`\ Q8S x T pi\ om\inajmh\^d‡i gdi`\g _` `$%R+S& tnpkjib\hjn lp` S `n _` _dh`ind‡i adido\* afj S < i, Bioji^`n nji `lpdq\g`io`ng\n kmjkjnd^dji`n ndbpd`io`n,
]( Q `n pij \ pij `i S,_( Pd `g * ,,, *`j nji `g`h`iojn di_`k`i_d`io`n _` S* Q&`.&) ††† ) Q&`j& nji
`g`h`iojn di_`k`i_d`io`n _` Q&S',b( afj P%R&< i,`( Pd v`g!%! `iw `n pi\ ]\n` k\m\ S* vQ&`*'* ,,, *Q&`i'w `n pi\ ]\n`
k\m\ Q&S',
A`hjnom\^d‡i, Ool_^objlp nrb ^( fjmif`^ _(+ _( fjmif`^ b(+ b( fjmif`^ a(+v a( fjmif`^ ^(- Rrmlkd^jlp nrb ^( bp `fboq^- Rb^k `* *,,, *`j bibjbkqlp fkabmbk,afbkqbp ab S v `lkpfabobjlp ilp bibjbkqlp Q&`*'*,,, *Q&`j& ab Q&S', Rrmlkd^,jlp nrb
!F^dQ&`*' < Nc:f
m^o^ `fboqlp bp`^i^obp BG+ŠŠŠ+@j† Dk sfoqra ab i^ ifkb^ifa^a+ l_qbkbjlp
!F^d`d < Nc:f
v^ nrb Q bp rkl ^ rkl- Obol _f ) +++)_j plk fkabmbkafbkqbp+ ^pŒnrb B0 < ---<?j < N- Olo `lkpfdrfbkqb ^( fjmif`^ _(-
Rrmlkd^jlp ^elo^ nrb bp `fboq^ _(- Rb^ u_f$ +++ *`iw rk^ _^pb m^o^ S, Rbd•k_(+ ilp h bibjbkqlp Pn_+&)+++) P%_i' ab P%R&plk fkabmbkafbkqbp- Olo `lkpfdrfbk,qb+ afj Q&S' x i, Obol+ pbd•k bi qblobj^ 05-2+ qbkbjlp afj Q&S' x i, Krbd`afj P%R&< i* `lk 0/ `r^i _( fjmif`^ b(-
Rrmlkd^jlp+ pbdrfa^jbkqb+ nrb bp `fboq^ b( v pb^ u_f$ +++ ) _hv rk^ _^pb m^o^S, Sljbjlp rk bibjbkql `r^inrfbo^ v bk Q&S', Dkqlk`bp t < Q&s' m^o^ ^id•ks bk R) ^pŒnrb qbkbjlp
i
V < ^,`,* X mlo q^kqlc:f
i
t < Q&s' < GdQ&`d'}c:f
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Be`m^d^djn 0+,
Olo •iqfjl+ prmlkd^jlp `fboq^ a(- Cbjlpqo^objlp nrb P%r& < N fjmif`^s < N- Rb^ v`g * ,,, *`iw rk^ _^pb m^o^ R+ Rf s C R) mlabjlp bp`of_fo
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plk fkabmbkafbkqbp-Olo il q^kql s < N+ `lk il `r^i P bp rkl ^ rkl bk R+ @pŒmrbp+a( fjmif`^ ^( v bi qblobj^ nrba^ abjlpqo^al-
).&0 :WR_PVPV\`
0- Rb^ R < xN+0y- Cbp`of_fo qla^p i^p crk`flkbp P7R w R+ Dk qlq^i plk `r^qol- CbpŒd,kbkpb `lk PE$P0* P1* P+ X `lkpqorfo rk^ q^_i^ ab jriqfmif`^`fŽk nrb jrbpqob i^ `lj,mlpf`fŽk ab `^a^ m^o- Hkaf`^o `rŠibp plk rkl ^ rkl bk S v a^o prp fksbop^p-
1- Rb^ R < xN+ 0+ 1y- Cbp`of_fo qla^p i^p crk`flkbp P7R w R m^o^ i^p `r^ibp P%R&< R+Dk qlq^i plk pbfp- CbpŒdkbkpblk PE$P0* ŠŠŠ * P
4X `lkpqorfo rk^ q^_i^ ab jriqfmif`^`fŽk
nrb jrbpqob i^ `ljmlpf`fŽk ab `^a^ m^o- Hkaf`^o `rŠibp plk rkl ^ rkl bk R) v a^o prpfksbop^p-
Dk `^a^ rkl ab ilp bgbo`f`flp abi 2 ^i 01+ rk^ crk`fŽk Q8S0
x S0
pb abcfkb `lk i^cŽojri^ nrb pb a^ m^o^ P%r)s&) pfbkal %r)s& rk mrkql `r^inrfbo^ ab R
0Š Cbqbojfk^o bk
`^a^ `^pl pf P bp rkl ^ rkl bk R0Š Rf bp ^pŒ+abp`of_fo pr ob`loofal P%R0'9 m^o^ `^a^ mrkql
%o)p& ab P%R1(: mlkbo %r)s& < Pwf%Q)p& v a^o cŽojri^p m^o^ abqbojfk^o r b s bk crk`fŽkab p u q,
0+ P%r)s&< %s)r&+1+ P%r)s& < %r) *s&+2+ P%r)s& < %r)K&+3+ P%r)s& < %r)r&+4+ P%r)s& < &U/)s/&+
5+ P%r)s& < &`U* `V',
6+ P%r)s& < %r).&+iN- P%r)s& < %r * H+v * 0(-00- P%r)s& < %r * s) r * s&+./+ P%r)s& < %/r * s) r * s&+
Dk `^a^ rkl ab ilp bgbo`f`flp abi 02 ^i 1/+ pb abcfkb rk^ crk`fŽk P7R w R `lk i^cŽojri^ nrb pb a^ m^o^ Qo9s*t* w(+pfbkal &s*t* w( rk mrkql `r^inrfbo^ ab S
1Š 2Dk `^a^ `^pl+
abqbojfk^o pf Sbp rkl ^ rkl bk R1Š Rf bp ^pŒ+abp`of_fo pr ob`loofal P%R1'9 m^o^ `^a^ mrkql
%o)s+s( ab P%R&)mŽkd^pb %r)t* w( < P*E%Q)p) s( v a^o cŽojri^p m^o^ i^ abqbojfk^`fŽk ab%8s*t* w bk crk`f5k ab p* q* v t-
.0+ P%r)s) w( < %t)s) r&+
.1+ P%r) t* w( < 'u+ t* K&+
.2+ P%r)s)t& < %r)/s) 0t&+
.3+ P%r)s)t& < %r)s)r * s * t&+
.4+ P%r)s)t& < %r * G+u* 0+w , 0(-
.5+ P%r)s)t& < %r * H+v * /)t * 2(-
.6+ P%r)s) t& < %r)r * s) r * s * t&+/-+ P%r)s)t& :%r * s)s (t)r (t&+
10- Rb^ P7R w R rk^ crk`fŽk nrb ^mif`^ R bk pŒjfpjl- Olo fkar``fŽk pb abcfkbk i^pmlqbk`f^p `lk i^p cŽojri^p P! < 0+ P| < PP!*f m^o^ i 1&90- Cbjlpqo^o nrb i^ ibv^pl`f^qfs^ m^o^ i^ `ljmlpf`fŽk fjmif`^ i^ ibv ab bumlkbkqb QiQ~ < Q~8~*Rf Q bp fk,sboqf_ib+ abjlpqo^o nrb P! q^j_f‹k bp fksboqf_ib v nrb %P!n! < %P*E&h+
613 Qm\inejmh\^dji`n gdi`\g`n u h\omd^`n
Dk ilp bgbo`f`flp abi 11 ^i 14+ R X Q obmobpbkq^k crk`flkbp `lk aljfkfl S v s^ilobpbk S, Dk dbkbo^i PQ ŠŠŠQP, Rf PQ < QP* ab`fjlp nrb R u Q ^jihpo\i,
11- Rf R X Q `lkjrq^k+ abjlpqo^o nrb &PQ'! < P!Q! m^o^ `r^inrfbo bkqbol i x N-12- Rf R X Q plk fksboqf_ibp+ abjlpqo^o nrb PQ q^j_f‹k il bp v nrb 'RS(,H < Q+FP+xCf`el
ab lqol jlal+ i^ fksbop^ ab PQ bp i^ `ljmlpf`fŽk ab i^p fksbop^p+ qlj^a^p bk loabkfksbopl-
13- Rf R X Q plk fksboqf_ibp v `lkjrq^k+ abjlpqo^o nrb prp fksbop^p q^j_f‹k `lkjrq^k-14- Rb^ R rk bpm^`fl ifkb^i- Rf R X P `lkjrq^k+ abjlpqo^o nrb
'Q * Q'0 < Q1 * 0PQ * Q0 u
Hkaf`^o `Žjl ab_bk jlafcf`^opb bp^p cŽojri^p pf PQ ŠŠŠQP,15- Rb^k R v Q i^p qo^kpcloj^`flkbp ifkb^ibp ab S 2 bk S 2 - abcfkfa^p mlo i^p cŽojri^p
On8r)v+w( < &u*v+s' v Q&s*v+w( < &s*s * v+ s * t * w(+pfbkal &s*v+ w( rk mrkql `r^i,nrfbo^ ab R
1^( Cbqbojfk^o i^ fj^dbk ab %r) v+ w( ^ qo^s‹p ab `^a^ rk^ ab i^p qo^kpcloj^`flkbp pf,drfbkqbp9 PQ* QP* PQ + QP* P0* N+&PQ'0,FQP'0* &PQ+ QP'0,_( Cbjlpqo^o nrb R v Q plk rkl ^ rkl bk S1 v e^ii^o i^ fj^dbk ab %o) p) s( ^ qo^s‹pab `^a^ rk^ ab i^p qo^kpcloj^`flkbp9 n8%*P 0+%OP&*f)%PO&*f+`( G^ii^o i^ fj^dbk ab %r) v+ w( ^ qo^s‹p ab %P* 0(! m^o^ `^a^ h V 0-
16- Rb^ R bi bpm^`fl ifkb^i ab qlalp ilp mlifkljflp ob^ibp j%r&+ Rb^k @ bi lmbo^alo abofs^,`fŽk v Q bi lmbo^alo fkqbdo^`fŽk nrb ^mif`^ `^a^ mlifkljfl j bk rk mlifkljfl k a^almlo l&s' < Izk&o'_o, Cbjlpqo^o nrb AQ < f mbol nrb QA ŠŠŠf+Cbp`of_fo bi k•`ibl vbi ob`loofal ab QA,
17- Rb^ R bi bpm^`fl ifkb^i ab qlalp ilp mlifkljflp ob^ibp j%r&+ Rb^k @ bi lmbo^alo abof,s^`fŽk v Q i^ qo^kpcloj^`fŽk ifkb^i nrb ^mif`^ k&s' bk sk%&s',^( Olkbo k&s' < 1 * 1s + s0 * 2s1 v abqbojfk^o i^ fj^dbk ab k ^ qo^s‹p ab `^a^ rk^ab i^p qo^kpcloj^`flkbp pfdrfbkqbp9 A* Q* AQ* QA* AQ + QA* NB1 , A0M,_( Cbqbojfk^o ilp mlifkljflp k ab S m^o^ ilp `r^ibp Q&k' < k,b( Cbqbojfk^o ilp mlifkljflp k ab S m^o^ ilp `r^ibp &AQ + 0A'&k' << N-a( Cbqbojfk^o ilp mlifkljflp k ab S m^o^ ilp `r^ibp &AQ + QA'i&k' < @lnj&+
18- Rb^k R u @ `ljl bk bi bgbo`f`fl 17 mbol P bp i^ qo^kpcloj^`fŽk ifkb^i nrb ^mif`^ j%r& bksk&s', Cbjlpqo^o nrb AQ + QA < . X nrb AQi + Q!A < iQi+g m^o^ qlal i W 0,
2/- Rb^k R v Q alp qo^kpcloj^`flkbp ifkb^ibp ab lR! &S* S' v prmlkd^jlp nrb PQ + QP < g,Cbjlpqo^o nrb PQ! + QiP < iQ!+g m^o^ qlal i W .+
20- Rb^ R bi bpm^`fl ifkb^i ab qlalp ilp mlifkljflp j%r&+ Rb^k N) R+ P crk`flkbp nrb ^mif,`^k rk mlifkljfl `r^inrfbo^ k&s' < @j * ^/s * --- * ^,s! ab S bk ilp mlifkljflp m&s'*n&s' v o&s' obpmb`qfs^jbkqb+ pfbkal
l%r& < j%K&)i
m%r&< I @fUf+/ *Q_R
i
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^( Olkbo k&s' < 1 * 1s + s0 * s1 v abqbojfk^o i^ fj^dbk ab k ^ qo^s‹p ab `^a^ rk^ab i^p qo^kpcloj^`flkbp pfdrfbkqbp9 O* R+Q* PQ* QP* &QP'0*OR1+R1O+QOP* OPQ,_( Cbjlpqo^o nrb O* R X Q plk ifkb^ibp v abqbojfk^o bi k•`ibl v bi ob`loofal ab `^a^rk^-`( Cbjlpqo^o nrb P bp rkl ^ rkl bk R u abqbojfk^o pr fksbop^-a( Rf i W 0+ bumobp^o &QP'i v n+o~bk crk`fŽk ab g v O,
21- Dk obi^`fŽk `lk bi bgbo`f`fl 17 ab i^ Rb``fŽk 05-3- Cbqbojfk^o pf P bp rkl ^ rkl bk R+Rf il bp+ab`fo `rŠi bp i^ fksbop^-
Qm\inajmh\^dji`n gdi`\g`n ^ji q\gjm`n \ndbi\_jn 614
).&1 F_N[`S\_ZNPV\[R YV[RNYR`P\[ cNY\_RN`VT[NQ\`
Rf R bp ab afjbkpfŽk cfkfq^+pfbjmob mlabjlp `lkpqorfo rk^ qo^kpcloj^`fŽkifkb^i Q8S x T `lk s^ilobp ^pfdk^alp ^ ilp bibjbkqlp _^pb ab S* `ljl pb bumif`^bk bi qblobj^ pfdrfbkqb-
SDNQDL@ 05-01- P`\ `* * ,,, *`i pi\ ]\n` k\m\ pi `nk\^dj gdi`\g i+_dh`i+ndji\g S, P`\i q++--- ,p+* i `g`h`iojn \m]dom\mdjn_` pi `nk\^dj gdi`\g T, Bsdno``ioji^`n pi\ u n‡gj pi\ om\inajmh\^d‡i Q8S x T o\g lp`
' 05-6( Q&`yG;pf k\m\ f; /*0* ,,, *i,
Bno\ om\inajmh\^d‡i Q \kgd^\ pi `g`h`ioj ^p\glpd`m\ s _` S _`g hj_j ndbpd`io`8
' 05-7(i i
Pd t < •sf`e) `ioji^`n Q&s' < •UfRf,F'G F5G
A`hjnom\^d‡i, Slal s ab S mrbab bumobp^opbbk cloj^ •kf`^ `ljl `lj_f,k^`fŽk ifkb^i ab `* *,,, ,`• pfbkal ilp jriqfmif`^alobp s* *,,, ,s9 ilp `ljmlkbk,qbpab r obpmb`ql i^ _^pb loabk^a^ %_)) +++ ) _h&+Rf abcfkfjlp Q jbaf^kqb '05-7(+`lksfbkb `ljmol_^o nrb P bp ifkb^i- Rf s < `d m^o^rk `fboql e) bkqlk`bp qlalpilp `ljmlkbkqbp ab s plk } bu`bmql bi h,‹pfjl+ nrb bp H+ lk il nrb '05-7( a^P%_e&< p`* `ljl nrboŒ^jlp-
O^o^abjlpqo^o nrb pŽil bufpqbrk^ qo^kpcloj^`fŽk ifkb^i nrb p^qfpc^`b'05-6(+pb^ Q%lqo^ u `^i`ribjlp Q%&s',Dk`lkqo^jlp nrb
Orbpql nrb Q%&s'< Q&s' m^o^qlal s ab S* qbkbjlp Q%< Q* il `r^i `ljmibq^ i^abjlpqo^`fŽk-
DIDLOKN- Cbqbojfk^o i^ qo^kpcloj^`fŽk ifkb^i Q8S0 x S0 nrb ^mifnrb ilpbibjbkqlp _^pb c< '0+ N( Xd < '/+ 0( abi jlal pfdrfbkqb
P%c&< d* c+ P%d&< /c * e,
Pjgp^d‡i, Rf s < s*d* s_ bp rk bibjbkql ^o_fqo^oflab R/) bkqlk`bp Q&s'sfbkb a^al mlo
4/3 Pl[hm`ilg[]cih_m fch_[f_m v g[nlc]_m
).&)( DR]_R`R[aNPVp[ZNa_VPVNYQRYN a_N[`S\_ZNPV\[RYV[RNYR`
:Y qblobj^ 05-01 abjrbpqo^ nrb rk^ qo^kpcloj^`fŽk ifkb^i Q8S 3 T ab rkbpm^`fl ifkb^i ab afjbkpfŽk cfkfq^ S bpqŠ abqbojfk^a^ mlo pr ^``fŽk pl_ob rk`lkgrkql a^al ab bibjbkqlp _^pb `g *,,, ,`,8 Rrmlkd^jlp ^elo^ nrb bi bpm^`fl Tq^j_f‹k bp ab afjbkpfŽk cfkfq^+mlo bgbjmil afj T < h* u pb^ t+ + --- +Ti rk^_^pb m^o^ T, 'K^p afjbkpflkbp i u h mrbabk pbo l kl fdr^ibp-( Orbpql nrb Qqfbkbilp s^ilobp bk S) `^a^ bibjbkql P%_e&mrbab bumobp^opb+lk rkf`fa^a+ `ljlrk^ `lj_fk^`fŽk ifkb^i ab ilp bibjbkqlp ab i^ _^pb t+ +--- *Th* mlo bgbjmil
i
Q&`f' < GadfTd *d;g
alkab o\ *,,, *nge plk ilp `ljmlkbkqbp ab P%_e&obpmb`ql ^ i^ _^pb loabk^a^'sh +ŠŠŠ*rg&+ Cfpmlkaobjlp sboqf`^ijbkqb i^ j,mi^ %nxe)+++ ) ng…) `ljl ^ `lk,qfkr^`fŽk pb fkaf`^9
'05-8(
Dpql pb ii^j^ p_]nil ]ifogh[ l g[nlct ]ifogh[+ Sbkbjlp rk^ q^i `lirjk^ m^o^`^a^ rkl ab ilp h bibjbkqlp P%_)&) +++ ) P%_h&+Blil`Škali^p rk^ grkql ^ lqo^ u
bk`booŠkali^p bk rk m^o ab `lo`ebqbp l_qbkbjlp i^ afpmlpf`fŽk ob`q^kdri^o pf,drfbkqb9
bq o/0 o/i
o0/ o00 o0i
Dpqb r^aol pb ii^j^ g[nlct v `lkpq^ ab g cfi^pv h `lirjk^p- K^ ii^j^jlp j^qofwh W i, K^ mofjbo^ cfi^ bp i^ j^qofw 0 W i 'pq +o/0 * ŠŠŠ * `)h&$ K^ j^qofw h W 0'05-8( bp i^ h,‹pfj^ `lirjk^- Klp bp`^i^obp nce s^k ^cb`q^alp `lk alp Œkaf`bp+bi
O`km`n`io\^d‡i h\omd^d\g_` g\n om\inajmh\^dji`n gdi`\g`n 505
mofjbol d fkaf`^ i^ adg\v bi pbdrkal f fkaf`^ i^ ^jgphi\ bk i^p `r^ibp ^m^ob`bop*
@ odfib ii^j^jlp bi `g`h`ioj df ab i^ j^qofw- S^j_f‹k pb rqfifw^i^ klq^`fŽk ^_ob,sf^a^
l
m^o^abpfdk^o i^ j^qofw `rvl bibjbkql df bp oz,@pŒmrbp+qla^ qo^kpcloj^`fŽk ifkb^i Q ab rk bpm^`fl k,afjbkpflk^i S bk rk
bpm^`fl j,afjbkpflk^i T a^ lofdbk ^ rk^ j^qofw h W i &odf'rv^p `lirjk^p plkilp `ljmlkbkqbp ab Q&`*'*,,, *Q&`i' obi^qfslp ^ i^ _^pb %q) ) +++ )qh', K^ ii^,j^jlp m`km`n`io\^d‡i h\omd^d\gab Q obi^qfs^ ^ rk^p _^pbp loabk^a^p &`**,,, *`ff&
ab S v 'sh +ŠŠŠ+rh' m^o^ T, Tk^ sbw `lkl`fa^ i^ j^qofw &od_*ilp `ljmlkbkqbpab rk bibjbkql `r^inrfbo^ P%r& `lk obi^`fŽk ^ i^ _^pb 'sh &+&ŠŠ*rh' mrbabk abqbo,jfk^opb `ljl pb bumif`^ bk bi qblobj^ nrb pfdrb-
RCMPCK? 05-02- P`\ Q pi\ om\inajmh\^d‡i gdi`\g k`mo`i`^d`io` \ n$%S* S&)_ji_` afj S < i t afj T < h, P`\i &`**,,, *`ff& t %q) ) +++ )qh' ]\n`n jm_`+i\_\n _` S t T* m`nk`^odq\h`io`* t &odf'g\ h\omdu h W i ^ptjn `g`h`iojn `noƒi_`o`mhdi\_jn kjm g\n `^p\^dji`n
'05-0/(h
Q&`f' < I odfTd * k\m\ f < 0+1+--- +Gh-f<i
Bioji^`n pi `g`h`ioj ^p\glpd`m\
'05-00(i
T < Is%@`ee:f
_` S ^ji ^jhkji`io`n &,xY*,,, *si' m`g\odqj \ &`g!%! `i' `n \kgd^\_j kjm Q`i `g `g`h`ioj
'05-01(h
Q&s' < -KVdTdf<i
`i T ^ji ^jhkji`io`n 'XH!&! Vh' m`g\odqjn \ 's!
--- +rh', Ijn Vd `noƒigdb\_jn \ gjn ^jhkji`io`n _` s h`_d\io` g\n `^p\^dji`n gdi`\g`n
'05-02(h
Vd < ,IodfUf k\m\ e< 0+1+--- +h,f;g
617 Qm\inajmh\^dji`n gdi`\g`n u h\omd^`n
A`hjnom\^d‡i, @mif`^kal Q ^ `^a^ rkl ab ilp jfbj_olp ab '05-00( u rqf,ifw^kal '05-0/(+ l_qbkbjlp
bk alkab `^a^ uz sfbkb a^a^ mlo '05-02(+ Dpql `ljmibq^ i^ abjlpqo^`fŽk-
G^_fbkal bibdfal rk m^o ab _^pbp %_f$ +++ )_h& v %q) ) +++ ) Th' m^o^ S v T*obpmb`qfs^jbkqb+ qla^ qo^kpcloj^`fŽk ifkb^i Q8S x T qfbkb rk^ obmobpbkq^`fŽkj^qof`f^i %nx^+Qb`Œmol`^jbkqb+ pf afpmlkbjlp ab hi bp`^i^obp `lil`^alp cloj^kalrk^ j^qofw ob`q^kdri^o %nce&v bibdfjlp rk m^o ab _^pbp loabk^a^p m^o^ S v T*bp cŠ`fi abjlpqo^o nrb bufpqb bu^`q^jbkqb rk^ qo^kpcloj^`fŽk ifkb^i Q8S x Tnrb qfbkb bp^ obmobpbkq^`fŽk j^qof`f^i- Cbcfkfjlp P pfjmibjbkqb `lk ilp bibjbkqlp_^pb ab S mlo jbafl ab i^p b`r^`flkbp '05-0/(- Dkqlk`bp+ pbd•k bi qblobj^ 05-01+bufpqb rk^ v pŽil rk^ qo^kpcloj^`fŽk P7R w S `lk bplp s^ilobp ^pfdk^alp- K^ fj^,dbk P%r&ab rk mrkql r ab R sfbkb bkqlk`bp a^a^ mlo i^p b`r^`flkbp '05-01( u'05-02(-
DIDLOKN 0- @jinomp^^d‡i _` pi\ om\inajmh\^d‡i gdi`\g \ k\modm_` pi\ h\+omdu_\_\, Rrmlkd^jlp nrb afpmlkbjlp ab i^ j^qofw 1 W 2-
Difg^jlp i^p _^pbp rpr^ibp ab sb`qlobp `lloabk^alp rkfq^oflp m^o^ S1 u S0Š Dk,qlk`bp i^ j^qofw a^a^ obmobpbkq^rk^ qo^kpcloj^`fŽk ifkb^i Q8S1 x S0 nrb ^mif`^rk sb`qlo `r^inrfbo^ &UF% r0* r8x& ab RE bk bi sb`qlo 'XH+U/& ab R0 ab ^`rboal `lki^p b`r^`flkbp ifkb^ibp
DIDLOKN 1- @jinomp^^d‡i _` pi\ m`km`n`io\^d‡i h\omd^d\g _` pi\ om\inajm+h\^d‡i gdi`\g _\_\, Rb^ S bi bpm^`fl ifkb^i ab qlalp ilp mlifkljflp ob^ibp k&s'ab do^al z 2- Dpqb bpm^`fl qfbkb afjbkpfŽk 3+ u bibdfjlp i^ _^pb '0+ s* s0* u!(-Rb^ @ bi lmbo^alo abofs^`fŽk nrb ^mif`^ `^a^ mlifkljfl j%r& ab R bk pr abof,s^a^ j$%r&+Olabjlp `lkpfabo^o @ `ljl rk^ qo^kpcloj^`fŽk ifkb^i ab R bk S)alkab T bp bi bpm^`fl qofafjbkpflk^i ab qlalp ilp mlifkljflp ob^ibp ab,do^al z 1-Dk T bibdfjlp i^ _^pb '0+ T) u!(+ O^o^ bk`lkqo^o i^ obmobpbkq^`fŽk j^qof`f^i ab Aobi^qfs^ ^ bp^ bib``fŽk ab _^pbp+ qo^kpcloj^jlp 'abofs^jlp( `^a^ bibjbkql _^pb
O`km`n`io\^d‡i h\omd^d\g_` g\n om\inajmh\^dji`n gdi`\g`n 507
ab S X il bumobp^jlp `ljl rk^ `lj_fk^`fŽk ifkb^i ab ilp bibjbkqlp _^pb ab T,@pŒmrbp+bk`lkqo^jlp nrb
@%f&< M < M * Kr * Kr/) @%r&< 0 < 0 * Kr * Kr0*
@%r0' < /r < M * /r * Kr0 *
Klp `lbcf`fbkqbp ab bplp mlifkljflp abqbojfk^k i^p ^jgphi\n ab i^ obmobpbkq^`fŽkj^qof`f^i ab @+Olo `lkpfdrfbkqb+ i^ obmobpbkq^`fŽkmbafa^ sfbkb a^a^ mlo i^ pf,drfbkqb j^qofw 2 V 3-
O^o^ e^`bo klq^o bi eb`el ab nrb i^ obmobpbkq^`fŽkj^qof`f^i abmbkab kl pli^,jbkqb ab ilp bibjbkqlp _^pb pfkl q^j_f‹k ab pr loabk+ fksfoq^jlp bi loabk ab ilpbibjbkqlp _^pb bk T u rqfif`bjlp+ bk pr ird^o+ i^ _^pb loabk^a^ 'u!+ s* 0(- Dkqlk,`bp ilp bibjbkqlp _^pb ab S pb qo^kpcloj^k bk ilp jfpjlp mlifkljflp l_qbkfalp^kqbp+mbol ilp `ljmlkbkqbp ab ‹pqlp obi^qfslp ^ i^ krbs^ _^pb %r0
* r) 0( ^m^ob`bkbk loabk fksbopl- Olo `lkpfdrfbkqb+ i^ obmobpbkq^`fŽkj^qof`f^i ab A ^elo^ bp
B^i`ribjlp rk^ qbo`bo^ obmobpbkq^`fŽkj^qof`f^i ab @) rp^kal i^ _^pb'0+0 * r) 0 * r * r0
* 0 * r * r0 * u!( m^o^ S* v i^ _^pb %.)r)r0' m^o^ S+
Klp bibjbkqlp _^pb ab S pb qo^kpcloj^k ^pŒ9
@%f&< N+ @%. * r& < 0+ @%. * r * r/& < 0 * /r )
`lk il nrb i^ obmobpbkq^`fŽkj^qof`f^i bk bpqb`^pl bp
51. Qm\inajmh\^dji`n gdi`\g`n t h\omd^`n
).&)) 8\[`a_bPPVp[ QRb[N _R]_R`R[aNPVp[ZNa_VPVNYR[ S\_ZN QVNT\[NY
X^ nrb bp mlpf_ib l_qbkbo afpqfkq^p obmobpbkq^`flkbp j^qof`f^ibp ab rk^ qo^kp,cloj^`fŽk ifkb^i a^a^ jbaf^kqb i^ bib``fŽk ab _^pbp afpqfkq^p+ m^ob`b k^qro^ifkqbkq^o bibdfo _^pbp ab jlal nrb i^ j^qofw obpriq^kqb qbkd^ rk^ cloj^ il jŠppbk`fii^ mlpf_ib- Di qblobj^ nrb pfdrb morb_^ nrb mlabjlp e^`bo qlalp ilp bib,jbkqlp N bu`bmql ilp ab i^ af^dlk^i nrb s^ abpab bi s‹oqf`b prmboflo fwnrfboal ^ifkcboflo abob`el- @ il i^odl ab bp^ af^dlk^i e^_oŠ rk^ efibo^ ab rklp pbdrfalpab `bolp+ pfbkal bi k•jbol ab rklp fdr^i ^i o^kdl ab i^ qo^kpcloj^`fŽk- Tk^j^qofw &oyf' `lk qlalp ilp bibjbkqlp oyf < N `r^kal d ;/; f pb ii^j^ h\omdu _d\+bji\g, ,
RCMPCK? 05-03- P`\i S u T `nk\^djn gdi`\g`n _` _dh`ind‡i adido\* ^jiafj S < i u afj T < h, Ppkjib\hjn lp` Q C 1 &S*T' t lp` m< afj Q&S'm`km`n`io` `g m\ibj _` Q, Bsdno`i `ioji^`n pi\ ]\n` &`** ,,, *`i' k\m\ S v jom\%q) ) +++ ) qi' k\m\ T o\g`n lp`
'05-03( Q&`d'< Td k\m\ e< 0+1+--- +m*
t
'05-04( Q&`d'< N k\m\ e< m* 0+--- +i ,
Mjm ^jindbpd`io`* g\ h\omdu &odf'_` Q m`g\odq\ \ `n\n ]\n`n od`i` oj_jn gjn `g`h`iojn^`mj `s^`koj gjn m `g`h`iojn _` g\ _d\bji\g lp` q\g`i
no < n00 < --- < nll < 0 -
A`hjnom\^d‡i, Blkpqorfjlp mofjbol rk^ _^pb m^o^ T, Orbpql nrb Q&S'bp rk pr_bpm^`fl ab T `lk afj Q&S' < m*bi bpm^`fl Q&S' qfbkb rk^ _^pb ab mbibjbkqlp bk T* pb^k ‹pqlp r* *,,, *TmŠ Rbd•k bi qblobj^ 04-6+ bplp bibjbkqlpcloj^k rk pr_`lkgrkql ab rk^ `fboq^ _^pb m^o^ T, Olo `lkpfdrfbkqb mlabjlp ^a,grkq^o rklp bibjbkqlp Tl() ) 7++) Tg ab jlal nrb
'05-05(
pb^ rk^ _^pb m^o^ T,Rbdrfa^jbkqb `lkpqorfjlp rk^ _^pb m^o^ R+ B^a^ rkl ab ilp l mofjbolp
bibjbkqlp Tc ab '05-05( bp i^ fj^dbk mlo il jbklp ab rk bibjbkql ab R+Difg^jlp,rkl ab q^ibp bibjbkqlp ab R u Hi^j‹jlpib `,, Dkqlk`bp P%_x&< Sx m^o^ d < 0+1+--- +m ^pŒnrb '05-03( pb p^qfpc^`b- Rb^ ^elo^ e i^ afjbkpfŽk abi k•`ibl J%P&+Rbd•k bi qblobj^ 05-2 qbkbjlp h < e * l+ Orbpql ko_J%P& < e) bi bpm^`fl J%P&
@jinomp^^d‡i _` pi\ m`km`n`io\^d‡i h\omd^d\g `i ajmh\ _d\bji\g 51/
qfbkbrk^ _^pb nrb `lkpq^ ab f bibjbkqlp ab S nrb abpfdk^jlp mlo bn*q + ‘‘‘ ,`m9~,O^o^ `^a^ rkl ab bplp bibjbkqlp+ i^ b`r^`fŽk '05-04( pb p^qfpc^`b-Olo il q^kql+m^o^`ljmibq^o i^ abjlpqo^`fŽk+ qbkbjlp nrb abjlpqo^o nrb bi `lkgrkql loabk^al
'05-06(
bp rk^ _^pb m^o^ R+ X^ nrb afj R < h < l * e) pŽil qbkbjlp nrb abjlpqo^onrb bplp bibjbkqlp plk fkabmbkafbkqbp-Rrmlkd^jlp nrb rk^ `fboq^ `lj_fk^`fŽkifkb^i ab biilp pb^ `bol+ mlo bgbjmil
'05-07(
@mif`^kal Q Xe^`fbkal rpl ab i^p b`r^`flkbp '05-03(v '05-04(+ bk`lkqo^jlp nrb
o*0q o
GoQ&`o'<< G„oTo<< K+p,h p,h
Obol T/ * ŠŠŠ +Vn plk fkabmbkafbkqbp+v mlo q^kql Bh < --- < `*< N- Olo `lkpf,drfbkqb+ilp m mofjbolp q‹ojfklp ab '05-07( plk `bol+ mlo il `r^i '05-07( pb ob,ar`b ^
m)f
G,`9 < K+Œ<o*i
Obol _l(/ * ŠŠŠ )_l(e plk fkabmbkafbkqbpmrbpql nrb cloj^k rk^ _^pb m^o^ J%P&)v mlo q^kql--nF&<&--- :?l(e: N-Olo `lkpfdrfbkqb+ qlalp ilp _x ab '05-07( plk`bol+ irbdl ilp bibjbkqlp ab '05-06( cloj^k rk^ _^pb m^o^ S, Dpql `ljmibq^ i^abjlpqo^`fŽk-
DIDLOKN- Mlp obcbofjlp ^i bgbjmil 1 ab i^ pb``fŽk 05-0/+ alkab C bp bilmbo^alo abofs^`fŽk nrb ^mif`^ bi bpm^`fl R ab ilp mlifkljflp ab do^al 9#2bk bi bpm^`fl S ab ilp mlifkljflp ab do^al 9#1- Dk bpqbbgbjmil+ bi ob`loofalP%R&< S) ^pŒnrb P qfbkb o^kdl 2- @mif`^kal bi j‹qlal pbdrfal bk bi qblobj^05-03+ bibdfjlp `r^inrfbo _^pb m^o^ T* mlo bgbjmil i^ _^pb '0+ s* s0', Tk `lk,grkql ab mlifkljflp ab R nrb pb ^mif`^ pl_ob bplp bibjbkqlp bp %r) qu1+ .*r0&+
@jmif^jlp bpqb`lkgrkql m^o^ ildo^o rk^ _^pb m^o^ R ^agrkq^kal bi mlifkljfl`lkpq^kqb 0+nrb bp rk^ _^pb m^o^bi k•`ibl ab C- Olo `lkpfdrfbkqb+ pf bjmib^jlpi^ _^pb %r)qu1
+ fo+ 0( m^o^ R v i^ _^pb '0+ r) r0' m^o^ S) i^ `loobpmlkafbkqb
obmobpbkq^`fŽkj^qof`f^i m^o^C qfbkb i^ cloj^ af^dlk^i
510 Qm\inajmh\^dji`n gdi`\g`n v h\omd^`n
).&)* :WR_PVPV\`
Dk qlalp ilp bgbo`f`flp bk ilp nrb pb `lkpfabob bi bpm^`fl sb`qlof^i R+)i^ _^pb nrb pbrqfifw^oŠ pboŠ i^ ab ilp sb`qlobp `lloabk^alp rkfq^oflp pf kl pb af`b il `lkqo^ofl- Dk ilp bgbo,`f`flp obi^qfslp ^ i^ j^qofw ab rk^ qo^kpcloj^`fŽk ifkb^i Q8S x T pfbkal S < T* pf kl pbfkaf`^ il `lkqo^ofl qlj^objlp i^ jfpj^ _^pb bk S v bk T,
0- Cbqbojfk^o i^ j^qofw ab `^a^ rk^ ab i^p pfdrfbkqbp qo^kpcloj^`flkbp ifkb^ibp ab S, bk S,8^( i^ qo^kpcloj^`fŽk fa‹kqf`^+_( i^ qo^kpcloj^`fŽk `bol+b( jriqfmif`^`fŽk mlo rk bp`^i^o cfgl ^,
1- Cbqbojfk^o i^ j^qofw m^o^ `^a^ rk^ ab i^p pfdrfbkqbp molvb``flkbp-
']( Q8 S1 ,=, S0 Š
'_( P7 R1 ,=, R0*
'b( Q8 Up ,=, S0)
alkab Q&UF%U0 *s1' < 'Wi&U0'%alkab Q&UF%U0* U1' < &s0* U1'%alkab Q&sF%U0 *U1* U2 *sn' < &s0* U1* s2'}
2- Tk^ qo^kpcloj^`fŽk ifkb^i Q8S0
x S u ^mif`^ ilp sb`qlobp _^pb c v f `ljl pfdrb9
P%c&< c * g+ PQ& < /c * f -
^( B^i`ri^o P%0c* 1d&v L%0c * 1d&bk crk`fŽk ab c v g-_( Cbqbojfk^o i^ j^qofw ab Q v ab O-b( Qbplisbo i^ m^oqb_( pf i^ _^pb %c)d&pb obbjmi^w^ mlo %_f$ _t&) pfbkal _f < c * g+_/
: 1d * g-3- Tk^ qo^kpcloj^`fŽk ifkb^i P7R
0x R
0pb abcfkb ^pŒ9B^a^ sb`qlo %r)s& pb qo^kpcloj^ bk
pr pfj‹qof`l obpmb`ql ^i bgb v v irbdl pb armif`^ pr ilkdfqra m^o^ l_qbkbo P%r)s&+ Cb,qbojfk^o i^ j^qofw ab Q v i^ ab Q0,
4- Rb^ Q8S1
x S1
rk^ qo^kpcloj^`fŽk ifkb^i q^i nrb
P%e&< /c * 2g* 2e) S'g * e& < c) Q&d* f * f' <f , f ,
^( B^i`ri^o P%c* 1g* 0e&U abqbojfk^o i^ afjbkpfŽk abi k•`ibl v bi o^kdl ab P+_( Cbqbojfk^o i^ j^qofw ab P+
5- O^o^ i^ qo^kpcloj^`fŽk ifkb^i abi bgbo`f`fl 4+ pb `lkpfabo^k i^p alp _^pbp `lfk`fabkqbp`lk %_f$ _t$ _0&) pfbkal _f < '1+ 2+ 4(+ _/ < '0+ /+ N(+ _0 < '/+ 0+,0( X abqbojfk^o i^j^qofw Q obi^qfs^ ^ i^p krbs^p _^pbp-
6- Tk^ qo^kpcloj^`fŽk ifkb^i P7R1 x R0
^mif`^ ilp sb`qlobp _^pb `ljl pfdrb9 P%c&< 'N+N(+S'g( < '0+ 0(+P%e&< '0+ ,0(-^( B^i`ri^o P%1c* f * e&v abqbojfk^o i^ afjbkpfŽk abi k•`ibl v bi o^kdl ab P+_( Cbqbojfk^o i^ j^qofw ab Q,b( Tqfifw^kal i^ _^pb ‰,'*e& bk Ud v i^ 't-+ s1( bk R
0% pfbkal VH < '0+0(+ V < '0+1(+
abqbojfk^o i^ j^qofw&ab Q obi^qfs^ ^ bp^p _^pbp- 1
a( G^ii^o i^p _^pbp %_F) _/) _0& m^o^ S0 v 'Vq+ s1( m^o^ S/ m^o^ i^p `r^ibp i^ j^qofw ab
Q qbkd^ i^ cloj^ af^dlk^i-7- Tk^ qo^kpclzj^`fŽk ifkb^i P7R0 x R
1^mif`^ ilp sb`qlobp _^pb `ljl pfdrb9 P%c&:
%.)-).&) P%d&< ',0+/+0(-^( B^i`ri^o P%/c* 0d&v abqbojfk^o i^ afjbkpfŽk abi k•`ibl v bi o^kdl ab P+_( Cbqbojfk^o i^ j^qofw ab P+b( G^ii^o _^pbp %_))_t& m^o^ S0 v 'tI - V1+ V02( m^o^ S
1m^o^ i^p `r^ibp i^ j^qofw- ab Q
qfbkb cloj^ af^dlk^i-
8- Qbplisbo bi bgbo`f`fl 7 pf P%c&<'0+ /+ 0( u P%d&< '0+ 0+ 0(-
Bnk\^djn gdi`\g`n _` h\omd^`n 622
0/- Rb^k S u T alp bpm^`flpifkb^ibp+ j_lp ab afjbkpfŽk 1 u `lk i^ jfpj^ _^pb %_f$_/&+Rb^ Q8S ,* T rk^ qo^kpcloj^`fŽk ifkb^i q^i nrb
P%_f * _t& < 0_f * a_t) P%0_f * /_/& < 6bh * /0_/ +
^( B^i`ri^o Q&`/ * _f& u abqbojfk^o i^ afjbkpfŽk abi k•`ibl u bi o^kdl ab Q,_( Cbqbojfk^o i^ j^qofw ab Q obi^qfs^^ i^ _^pb a^a^-b( Tqfifw^om^o^ S i^ _^pb %_f$_/& v e^ii^o rk^ krbs^ _^pb ab i^ cloj^ 'bi * [_/)1b
h* \_
0' m^o^S) m^o^i^ nrb i^ j^qofw ab P qbkd^i^ cloj^ af^dlk^i-
Dk bi bpm^`fl ifkb^i ab qla^p i^p crk`flkbp ob^ibp+^a^ rkl ab ilp pfdrfbkqbp lkgrkqlpbp fkabmbkafbkqbv dbkbo^rk pr_bpm^`fl R ab afjbkpfŽk cfkfq^-Tqfifw^obi `lkgrkql a^al`ljl _^pb m^o^S v pb^ C9S ,* S bi lmbo^alo abofs^`fŽk-Dk `^a^ `^pl+ e^ii^o i^ j^qofwab C v i^ ab C1 obi^qfs^ i^ _^pb nrb pb bifdb-00- 'pbku+blp r&+ 04- ',blp r) pbkr&+01- '0+r) b!&(- 05- 'pbkr) _imr) r pbkr) r_im r&+02- '0+0 * r) 0 * r * b!&(- 06- 'b!&pbku+_T blp r&+03- 'b!&+r_!$&+ 07- 'b1!&pbk0r) _T blp 0r&+08- Dibdfoi^ _^pb '0+ s* s0* WR( bk bi bpm^`fl ifkb^i S ab qlalp&ilp mlifkljflp ob^ibpab
do^al 9p::2- Rb^k C bi lmbo^alo abofs^`fŽk v Q8S ,* S i^ qo^kpcloj^`fŽk ifkb^i nrb^mif`^ j%r& bk rj$%r&+ Blk obi^`fŽk^ i^ _^pb a^a^+ abqbojfk^o i^ j^qofw ab `^a^ rk^ab i^p qo^kpcloj^`flkbp pfdrfbkqbp9^( Q9 _( AQ9 b( QA9 a( QA + AQ9 b( QF9b( QgA0 + A0Q0,
1/- Blk obpmb`ql i bgbo`f`fl 08- Rb^T i^ fj^dbk ab U^ qo^s‹pab QA, G^ii^o _^pbp m^o^S v T m^o &i^pnrb i^ j^qofw QA qbkd^cloj^ af^dlk^i-
).&)+ :`]NPV\` YV[RNYR`QRZNa_VPR`
Gbjlp sfpql `Žjl i^p j^qof`bp pb mobpbkq^kbpmlkqŠkb^jbkqb `ljl obmobpbk,q^`flkbp ab i^p qo^kpcloj^`flkbp ifkb^ibp- S^j_f‹k pb mrbabk `lkpfabo^o i^p j^,qof`bp`ljl bibjbkqlp bufpqbkqbplk fkabmbkabk`f^ ab i^p qo^kpcloj^`flkbp ifkb^,ibp- Bljl q^ibpbibjbkqlp+ cloj^k lqo^ `i^pb ab l_gbqlp j^qbjŠqf`lp nrb mrbabkabcfkfopbmlo jbafl ab i^p lmbo^`flkbp ^idb_o^f`^p nrb mrbabk ob^ifw^opb`lkbiilp- K^ obi^`fŽk `lk i^p qo^kpcloj^`flkbp ifkb^ibp a^ lofdbk ^ bp^p abcfkf`flkbp+mbol q^i obi^`fŽk pboŠmlo bi jljbkql fdklo^a^-
Rb^k j v i alp bkqbo^pmlpfqfslp v pb^ / ŠŠŠ,ŠŠbi `lkgrkql ab qlalp ilp m^obpabbkqbolp %c)g( q^ibpnrb 0 z d ph* 0 z g z i8 Br^inrfbo crk`fŽk = `rvl aljfkflpb^ / ŠŠŠ,ŠŠpb abkljfk^ h\omduj W i, Di s^ilo ab i^ crk`fŽk >&d*g( pb ii^j^ `g`h`i+ni cd ab i^ j^qofw v pb abpfdk^oŠ q^j_f‹k mlo [c8+Noafk^of^jbkqb pb afpmlkbkqlalp ilp s^ilobp ab i^ crk`fŽk bk rk ob`qŠkdril nrb `lkpq^ ab j cfi^p v i `l,irjk^p+ abi jlal pfdrfbkqb
[.. [./ [.h
-/. -// [/h
623 Qm\inajmh\^dji`n gdi`\g`n t h\omd^`n
Klp bibjbkqlp \p mrbabk pbol_gbqlp ^o_fqo^oflpab k^qro^ibw^`r^inrfbo^- Mloj^i,jbkqb pboŠkk•jbolp ob^ibpl `ljmibglp+ mbol ^ sb`bp `lksfbkb `lkpfabo^o j^qof`bp`rvlp bibjbkqlp plk lqolp l_gbqlp+mlo bgbjmil+ crk`flkbp- S^j_f‹k abpfdk^objlpi^p j^qof`bp jbaf^kqb i^ klq^`fŽk ^_obsf^a^
= < &\d)&!$77x/*1+ l > < %[cd&+
Rf h < i* i^ j^qofw pb ii^j^ ^p\_m\_\, Tk^ j^qofw 0 W i pb ii^j^ h\omdu adg\9rk^ j^qofw h W 0 bp rk^ h\omdu, ^jgphi\,
Clp crk`flkbp plk fdr^ibp pf v pŽil pf qfbkbk bi jfpjl aljfkfl v qlj^k ilpjfpjlp s^ilobp bk `^a^ bibjbkql abi aljfkfl- Orbpql nrb i^p j^qof`bp plk crk,`flkbp+ alp j^qof`bp > < &\dy'v ? < &]yy'plk fdr^ibp pf v pŽil pf qfbkbk bi jfpjlk•jbol ab cfi^p+bi jfpjl k•jbol ab `lirjk^p+ b fdr^ibp bibjbkqlp \yy < ],y m^o^`^a^ m^o %c)d&+
Rrmlkd^jlp ^elo^ nrb ilp bibjbkqlp plk k•jbolp 'ob^ibp l `ljmibglp( vabcfk^jlp i^ ^af`fŽk ab j^qof`bp v i^ jriqfmif`^`fŽk mlo bp`^i^obp pfdrfbkal bijfpjl j‹qlal nrb m^o^crk`flkbp ob^ibpl `ljmibg^p `r^ibpnrfbo^-
CDEHMHBHˆM- Pd > < &\dy's ? < &]yy'nji _jn h\omd^`n h W i s nd,` `n pi`n^\g\m ^p\glpd`m\* _`adidhjn g\n h\omd^`n > * ? t ^> _`g hj_j ndbpd`io`
> * ? < &\9e* ]de' * ^> < &^\9e',
I\ nph\ n‡gj n` _`adi` ^p\i_j > t ? od`i`i `g hdnhj o\h\†j h V i,
DIDLOKN- Rf
> < Y 0+ ,9\ ? < Zz
N ziu,0 N '+
qbkbjlp bkqlk`bp
> * ? < Z9+ ,zi < + - ,9i <'. N
,0\0> : &+g'? :'+ ,1 N ,0 1 ',
Cbcfkfjlp i^ j^qofw N `ljl i^ j^qofw h W i `rvlp bibjbkqlp plk qlalp N-Blk bp^p abcfkf`flkbp+bp fkjbaf^ql bi bgbo`f`fl ab `ljmol_^o nrb bi `lkgrkql abqla^p i^p j^qof`bp h W i bp rk bpm^`fl ifkb^i- Kl abpfdk^jlp `lk Jh*i, Rf ilp bib,jbkqlp plk k•jbolp ob^ibp+bi bpm^`fl Jh*i bp rk bpm^`fl ifkb^i ob^i- Rf plk k•,jbolp `ljmibglp+ Lj i bp rk bpm^`fl ifkb^i `ljmibgl- Dp q^j_f‹k cŠ`fi abjlpqo^o
Fnjhjmadnhj `iom` om\inajmh\^dji`n gdi`\g`n v h\omd^`n 513
nrb bpqbbpm^`fl bp ab afjbkpfŽk h W i, Dk bcb`ql+ rk^ _^pb m^o^ Jh*i `lkpq^ab hi j^qof`bp nrb qfbkbk rk bibjbkql fdr^i ^ 0 v qlalp ilp abjŠp fdr^ibp ^ N-Olo bgbjmil+ i^p pbfp j^qof`bp
Z0 • /\+} } }
ZN 0 /\+} } }
ZN } 0\+ Z/ } /\+} } } iNN
ZN } /\+/0/ ZN • /\+
N N 0
cloj^k rk^ _^pb m^o^ bi `lkgrkql ab qla^p i^p j^qof`bp 1 W 2-
).&), =`\Z\_SV`Z\ R[a_Ra_N[`S\_ZNPV\[RYV[RNYR`e ZNa_VPR`
Ulis^jlp ^elo^ ^ i^ obi^`fŽk bkqob j^qof`bp v qo^kpcloj^`flkbp ifkb^ibp-Rb^k S v T alp bpm^`flp ifkb^ibp ab afjbkpfŽk cfkfq^`lk afj S < i v afj T < h,Difg^jlp rk^ _^pb %_f) +++ ) _)x& m^o^ S v lqo^ %Sf) +++ ) Sh' m^o^ T, Dk bpq^afp`rpfŽk bp^p_^pbp pb j^kqfbkbk cfg^p-Cbpfdkbjlp`lk /%R) S& bi bpm^`fl ifkb^iab qla^p i^p qo^kpcloj^`flkbp ifkb^ibp ab R bk S+ Rf RC /%R) S&) pb^ g%P&i^j^qofw ab P obi^qfs^^ i^p _^pbpa^a^p- Qb`loabjlp nrb g%P& pb abcfkb `ljl pfdrb-
K^ fj^dbk ab `^a^ bibjbkql _^pb _e pb bumobp^ ljl rk^ `lj_fk^`fŽk ifkb^iab ilp bibjbkqlp _^pb ab T8
'05-i8(h
Q&`e& < GnceSc m^o^ f < 0+1+--- +i ,c:f
Klp jriqfmif`^alobp bp`^i^obp nce plk ilp bibjbkqlp ce ab g%P&+@pŒmrbp+qbkbjlp
'05-1/(
K^ b`r^`fŽk '05-1/( abcfkb rk^ krbs^ crk`fŽk g `rvl aljfkfl bp /%R) S& v`rvlp s^ilobp plk j^qof`bp ab Jh*i, Orbpql nrb qla^ j^qofw h W i bp i^ j^qofwg%P& m^o^ rk^ `fboq^ P ab 1' S* T'* bi ob`loofal ab g bp Jh*i, Di qblobj^ pf,drfbkqb morb_^ nrb i^ qo^kpcloj^`fŽk g7 0&S* T' ,,* Jh*i bp ifkb^i v rkl ^ rklbk /%R) S&+
SDNQDL@ 05-04- SDNQDL@ CD HRNLNQEHRLN- M\m\ ^p\g`nlpd`m\ P v Q _`1' S* T' v oj_jn gjn `n^\g\m`n `* o`i`hjn
g_O * P& < g_O& * g%P& u g%]P& < ]g%P& +
>_`hƒn*g_O& < g%P&
\n…lp` h `n pij \ pij `i 1' S* T',
dhkgd^\ R< Q*
625 Pl[hm`ilg[]cih_m fch_[f_m s g[nlc]_m
@_gimnl[]cƒh+ K^ j^qofw g%P& bpqŠcloj^a^ `lk ilp c^`qlobp nh ab '05-08(-Cbi jfpjl jlal+ i^ j^qofw g_O& bpqŠ`lkpqfqrfa^ `lk ilp c^`qlobp Oceab i^p b`r^,`flkbp
'05-10(i
P&`f';0ndfTd m^o^ f;/*0* ,,, *i,fzi
Orbpql nrb qbkbjlpi
'R * Q'&`f' < 1 &Pdg%* odf'Tdfzi
ug
&^Q'&`f' < 1 &^odf'Td *c:f
l_qbkbjlp g_O * P& < %Oce* nce&< g_O& * g%P& v g%]P& < %]nce&< ]g%P&+
Dpql abjrbpqo^ nrb g bp ifkb^i+O^o^ abjlpqo^o nrb g bp rkl ^ rkl+ prmlkd^jlp nrb g_O& < g%P&) pfbkal
R < %Oce&v P < %nc^+K^p b`r^`flkbp '05-08( v '05-10( abjrbpqo^k nrb O%_e&:: P%_^ m^o^`^a^ bibjbkql _^pb _m)^pŒnrb O%r&< P%r& m^o^qlal r ab R) u mloq^kql R < Q,
L]n`mq\^d‡i8 K^ crk`fŽk h bp rk dnjhjmadnhj, Dibdfa^p rk^p _^pbp+ h bpq^_ib`brk^ `loobpmlkabk`f^ rkl ^ rkl bkqob bi `lkgrkql ab i^p qo^kpcloj^`flkbp i& %R)S& vbi `lkgrkql Jh ,Š ab i^p j^qof`bp h W i, K^p lmbo^`flkbp ab ^af`fŽk u jriqfmif`^`fŽk mlobp`^i^obp pb `lkpbos^k ^ qo^s‹p ab bp^ `loobpmlkabk`f^- Klp bpm^`flp ifkb^ibp i& %R)S&u Jh ,i pb af`b nrb plk dnjhjmajn, Hk`fabkq^ijbkqb+ bi qblobj^ 05-00 abjrbpqo^ nrb bialjfkfl ab rk^ qo^kpcloj^`fŽk ifkb^i rkl ^ rkl qfbkb i^ af[S0mzz9zkfdr^i ^ pr ob`loofal-Olo `lkpfdrfbkqb+ afj g%&S*T' < afj Jh ,i < hi,
Rf R < S u bibdfjlp i^ jfpj^ _^pb m^o^^j_lp+ i^ j^qofw g%f& `loobpmlk,afbkqb ^ i^ qo^kpcloj^`fŽk fa‹kqf`^ F8S x S bp rk^ j^qofw af^dlk^i `lk ilp bib,jbkqlp ab i^ af^dlk^i fdr^ibp ^ 0 u qlalp ilp abjŠp fdr^ibp ^ N- Dpq^pb ii^j^c^_hnc^[^ l g[nlct ohc^[^ u pb abpfdk^ `lk F l `lk Fi,
).&)- @bYaV]YVPNPVp[QRZNa_VPR`
@idrk^p qo^kpcloj^`flkbp ifkb^ibp mrbabk jriqfmif`^opb mlo jbafl ab i^ `lj,mlpf`fŽk- Cbcfkfobjlp ^elo^ i^ jriqfmif`^`fŽk ab j^qof`bp ab j^kbo^ nrb bi mol,ar`ql ab alp j^qof`bp `loobpmlka^ ^ i^ `ljmlpf`fŽk ab i^p qo^kpcloj^`flkbp ifkb^,ibp nrb biilp obmobpbkq^k-
Qb`loabjlp nrb pf Q8R x S X R9S x T plk qo^kpcloj^`flkbp ifkb^ibp+pr`ljmlpf`fŽk OP7Q w S bp rk^ qo^kpcloj^`fŽk ifkb^i a^a^ mlo
OP%r&< OWP%r&&m^o^qlal r ab Q +
Rrmlkd^jlp nrb Q) R) X S plk ab afjbkpfŽk cfkfq^+mlo bgbjmil
afj R < i * afj S; j+ afj T; h,
Jpgodkgd^\^d‡i _` h\omd^`n 0,0
Difg^jlp _^pbp m^o^ Q) R) X S+ Blk obi^`fŽk ^ bp^p _^pbp g_O& bp rk^ j^qofwh W k* Q bp rk^ j^qofw k W i* u PQ bp rk^ j^qofw h W i, K^ pf,drfbkqb abcfkf`fŽk ab jriqfmif`^`fŽk ab j^qof`bp klp mbojfqb abar`fo i^ obi^`fŽkh&PQ' < h&P'h&Q', Dpql buqfbkab ^ ilp molar`qlp i^ molmfba^a ab fpljlocfpjl-
CDEHMHBHˆM- P`\i > pi\ h\omdu h V l ^p\glpd`m\* v ? pi\ h\omdu l V i^p\glpd`m\* o\g`n ^jhj
v > < %\${FU{wZf$&.-+0,
Bg kmj_p^oj >? n` _`adi` ^jhj g\ h\omdu h V i b < &@de' ^ptj `g`h`ioj ddqd`i`_\_j kjm
'05-11($L
?cd < G[ce\ed +FRG
L]n`mq\^d‡i8 Di molar`ql >? pŽil bpqŠ abcfkfal pf bi k•jbol ab `lirjk^p ab= bp fdr^i ^i ab cfi^p ab >+
Rf bp`of_fjlp >d m^o^ bumobp^o i^ cfi^ c ab > u ?% m^o^ i^ `lirjk^d ab >) u i^p fj^dfk^jlp `ljl sb`qlobp ab afjbkpfŽk m+i^ prj^ '05-11( bp pfj,mŒbjbkqb bi molar`ql bp`^i^o >y , ?%*Dp ab`fo+ bi bibokbkql-qg ab >? bp bi molar`qlbp`^i^o ab i^ cfi^ d ab > mlo i^ `lirjk^ d ab ?8
>? + &> , ?e'h,i, e c)d:fz
@pŒmrbp+ i^ jriqfmif`^`fŽk ab j^qof`bp mrbab `lkpfabo^opb `ljl rk^ dbkbo^ifw^,`fŽk abi molar`ql bp`^i^o-
DIDLOKN i- Rb^k > < Z 2,0
u ? bp 2 W 1+ bi molar`ql >? bp i^ j^qofw 1 W 1
10\ -'0
Klp bibjbkqlp ab => pb `^i`ri^k ^pŒ
@i&>f < 2• 3 * i+ 4 * 1• N < 06+ = ! ?0 < 2 - 5 * 0 - ' , 0( * 1 - 1 < 10 +
>0% >f < ',0( - 3 * 0 - 4 * N-/< 0+ =0Š ?0 < ',0( - 5 * 0 - ',0( * N&1 < ,6 -
516 Qm\inajmh\^dji`n gdi`\g`n v h\omd^`n
DIDLOKN 1- Rb^
u
@nrŒ= bp 1 W 2 X > bp 2 Wi+ `lk il nrb => bp i^ j^qofw 1 W 0 a^a^ mlo
>? < X>g%?gZ < Z,8\+>/† >f 7
Orbpql nrb >g%?g < 1• ',1( * 0 - 0 * ',2( -1 < ,8 X >0Š ?g < 0 - ',1( ** 1• 0 * 3 - 1 < 7-
DIDLOKN 2- Rf = X > plk alp j^qof`bp `r^ao^a^p abi jfpjl q^j^•l+ bkqlk,`bp => u >= bpqŠk abcfkfa^p- Olo bgbjmil+ pf
v
bk`lkqo^jlp nrb
Z02 7\>?; *
1 ,1 Z,0 0/\?> < -
2 01
Dpqb bgbjmil morb_^ nrb bk dbkbo^i => :B >=+ Rf => < >=) ab`fjlp nrb = u >nji k`mhpo\]g`n l nrb ^jihpo\i,
DIDLOKN 3- Rf Fk bp i^ j^qofw fabkqfa^a k W k*`ioji^`n Fk> < > m^o^ qla^j^qofw >* j W i* v ?g9 < ? m^o^ qla^ j^qofw ?* h W j+ Olo bgbjmil-
Cbjlpqo^jlp pbdrfa^jbkqb nrb i^ j^qofw ab rk^ `ljmlpf`fŽk PQ bp bi mol,ar`ql ab i^p j^qof`bp g_O& u gc$P&+
Jpgodkgd^\^d‡i _` h\omd^`n 628
SDNQDL@ 05-05- P`\i Q8S ,* S u P8S ,* T _jn om\inajmh\^dji`n gdi`\g`n*_ji_` S* S* T nji `nk\^djn gdi`\g`n _` _dh`ind‡i adido\,Bioji^`n* `g`bd_\n pi\n]\n`n ade\n*g\n h\omd^`n _` Q+ Q W PQ `noƒi m`g\^dji\_\n kjm g\ `^p\^d‡i
h&PQ' < h&P'h&Q' ,
A`hjnom\^d‡i, Rrmlkd^jlp nrb afj S < i* afj S < k* afj T < h, Rb^k'rH +‘‘‘ +r++(rk^ _^pb,m^o^R) 'UH&‘‘‘ &Rk' rk^ _^pb m^o^R) v 'VH+ ‘‘‘ )+q!)&rk^_^pb m^o^ T, Blk obi^`fŽk ^ bp^p _^pbp qbkbjlp
&!h`P' < %Oc,&$7787$.$alkab P&q**'< Gny!ry m^o^ f < 0+1+--- +k*•*.
u10
h&Q' < &od-'8%y8%/%alkab Q&pd'< Fo!dS! m^o^ f < 0+1+--- +i,!'*
Olo `lkpfdrfbkqb+ qbkbjlp
`lk biil bk`lkqo^jlp nrb
X^ ebjlp l_pbos^al nrb i^ jriqfmif`^`fŽk ab j^qof`bp kl pfbjmob p^qfpc^`bi^ ibv `lkjrq^qfs^- Di qblobj^ pfdrfbkqbmorb_^ nrb p^qfpc^`bi^p ibvbp ^pl`f^qfs^v afpqof_rqfs^-
SDNQDL@ 05-06- KDXDR @RNBH@SHU@X CHRSQHATSHU@O@Q@K@ LTKSHOKHB@,BHˆM CD L@SQHBDR- A\_\n g\n h\omd^`n >* ?* B-
^( Pd gjn kmj_p^ojn >&?@'v &>?'@ od`i`i n`iod_j* o`i`hjn
>,&?@'< &>?'@ &g`t \nj^d\odq\',
_( Ppkjib\hjn lp` > t ? n`\i _`g hdnhj o\h\†j, Pd >@ t ?@ od`i`i n`i+od_j*o`i`hjn
&>* ?'@ < >@ * ?@% &g`t _dnomd]podq\kjm g\ _`m`^c\'*
`i o\ioj lp` nd @> t @? od`i`i n`iod_j* o`i`hjn
@&>* ?' < @>* @? &g`t_dnomd]podq\kjm g\ dulpd`m_\',
0-) Pl[hm`ilg[]cih_m fch_[f_m u g[nlc]_m
@_gimnl[]cƒh+ Dp^pmolmfba^abpmrbabk abar`fopb afob`q^jbkqb ^ m^oqfoabi^ abcfkf`fŽk ab jriqfmif`^`fŽk ab j^qof`bp+ mbol mobcbofjlp o^wlk^o abi pfdrfbkqbjlal- Hkqolarw`^jlp ilp bpm^`flp ifkb^ibp ab afjbkpfŽk cfkfq^Q) R) r* W v i^pqo^kpcloj^`flkbp ifkb^ibp P7Q w R) R9R w S) N7S w W q^ibp nrb cfg^a^prk^p_^pbp+qbkbjlp
= < g%N&) > < g_O&) A < h&Q',
Rbd•k bi qblobj^ 05-05+ bp g%NO&< => X g%OP&< >?+ Cb i^ ibv ^pl`f^qfs^m^o^ i^ `ljmlpf`fŽk+ bk`lkqo^jlp nrb N%OP&< %NO&P+@mif`^kal bi qblobj^05-05 rk^ sbw jŠp ^ bp^ b`r^`fŽk+ l_qbkbjlp g%N&g%OP&< g%NO&g%P&l=%>?& < %=>&?) nrb abjrbpqo^ ^(- K^ abjlpqo^`fŽk ab _( mrbab e^`bopb `lkrk o^wlk^jfbkql m^ob`fal-
CDEHMHBHˆM- Oc= _moh[ g[nlct ]o[^l[^[) ^_`chcgim f[ jin_h]c[ _hn_l[ ^_= jil ch^o]]cƒh ]igi mcao_7
>L < .) >i < >>i+g m^o^i x 0-
).&). :WR_PVPV\`
0- Rf > < Y 0,0
'-
3 ,zi> < Z,9 9H+B < Zz ,z\+ `^i`ri^o > * B+ =>)
4 ,1 i ,2>=) =?) ?=) =%/> * 0?&+
1- Rb^ = < Zz yH-G^A^o qla^p i^p j^qof`bp >) 1 W 1+ q^ibp nrb ^( => < N9 _( >= < N-
2- G^ii^o bk `^a^ `^pl \* \) `* ^ m^o^ nrb pb p^qfpc^d^ i^ b`r^`fŽk a^a^-
J /
2 1
Be`m^d^djn 630
3- B^i`ri^o bk `^a^ `^pl => * >=+
n 1 1\ Z,: 0
RQ'^( = < 1 0 1+ 85 1
0 1 2 1
y Z: N 9i > w W 7,1\
'_( = 0 ,1 3 -
,0 1 iI ,2 4 00
4- Rf > bp rk j^qofw `r^ao^a^+ abjlpqo^o nrb > i>h < > i)h m^o^ qlalp ilp bkqbolph x N+ i x N-
5- Rb^ @ Z0 iI- Bljmol_^o nrb = 1 << N 0 Z/0 10I X `^i`ri^o > i,
Z
BNR K6- Rb^ > < -
pbk L,pbk /I - ZBNR 0.
Bljmol_^o nrb > 1 <BNR K pbk1/
,pbk1/Iv `^i`ri^o > i,
`lp 0.
0 9\- Bljmol_^o nrb >0 < Yy y y[- B^i`ri^o >1 v >%, Rrmlkbo
/0 //0
rk^ cŽojri^ dbkbo^i m^o^ >i u abjlpqo^oi^ mlo fkar``fŽk-
8- Rb^ > < Z]9 yH-Cbjlpqo^o nrb > 1 < 0> + / X `^i`ri^o > /..,
0/- G^ii^o qla^p i^p j^qof`bp =) 1 W 1+ q^ibp nrb = 1 < N-00- ^( Ool_^o nrb rk^ j^qofw =) 1 W 1+ `lkjrq^& `lk `r^inrfbo j^qofw 1 W 1 pf v pŽil pf
> `lkjrq^ `lk `^a^ rk^ ab i^p `r^qol j^qof`bp
_( G^ii^o qla^p bp^p j^qof`bp =+01- K^ b`r^`fŽk >0 < . pb p^qfpc^`b m^o^ `^a^ rk^ ab i^p j^qof`bp 1 W 1
0-+ Qm\inajmh\^dji`n gdi`\g`n v h\omd^`n
alkab \ X ` plk k•jbolp ob^ibp ^o_fqo^oflp- G^ii^o qla^p i^p j^qof`bp =) 1 W 1+ q^ibpnrb >0 < g,
02- Rf > ; Z 1 ,HI,1 2
=? :> v @= < >+
Z6 5I -X > < 8 7 & e^ii^o j^qof`bp B v C+ 1 W 1+ q^ibp nrb
03- ^( Bljmol_^o nrb i^p fabkqfa^abp ^idb_o^f`^p
%= * >&/ < =/ * /=> * >/ u %= * >&%= * >& < =/ * >/
kl plk `fboq^p m^o^ i^p j^qof`bp 1 W 1+ = < Yy ,,zI v > < Yy yH-_( Llafcf`^o bi pbdrkal jfbj_ol ab bp^p fabkqfa^abp m^o^ l_qbkbo cŽojri^p sŠifa^pm^o^ qla^p i^p j^qof`bp `r^ao^a^p = v >+b( ƒO^o^ nr‹ j^qof`bp = v > plk sŠifa^p i^p fabkqfa^abp bpq^_ib`fa^p bk ^(>
).&)/ EV`aRZNQRRPbNPV\[RYV[RNYR`
Rb^ = < %[cd&rk^ j^qofw g W h ab k•jbolp a^a^+ v pb^k AG+ŠŠŠ+@h lqolph k•jbolp- Tk `lkgrkql ab h b`r^`flkbp ab i^ cloj^
'05-12(i
I\dfsf < `* m^o^ c < )$*$ &&&$h*fx/
pb ii^j^ pfpqbj^ ab h b`r^`flkbp ifkb^ibp `lk i fk`Ždkfq^p- Blkpfabo^jlpWi + ‘-‘ +u+ `ljl fk`Ždkfq^p- Tk^ njgp^d‡i abi pfpqbj^ bp rk^ k,mi^ `r^inrfbo^ abk•jbol &Ug% ŠŠŠ * Ui' m^o^ ilp nrb pb p^qfpc^`bk qla^p i^p b`r^`flkbp- K^ j^qofw >pb ii^j^ h\omdu _` gjn ^j`ad^d`io`n abi pfpqbj^-
Klp pfpqbj^p ifkb^ibp mrbabk bpqraf^opb mlo jbafl ab i^p qo^kpcloj^`flkbpifkb^ibp- Dibdfjlp i^p _^pbp rpr^ibp ab sb`qlobp `lloabk^alp rkfq^oflp bk Ri u Rh,
K^ j^qofw ab ilp `lbcf`fbkqbp > abqbojfk^ rk^ qo^kpcloj^`fŽk ifkb^i+ Q8Si x S h*
nrb ^mif`^ rk sb`qlo ^o_fqo^ofl T < %r) ) +++ ) ri' ab Ri bk bi sb`qlo u < 'XH + --- +
Vh' ab S h a^al mlo i^p b`r^`flkbp ifkb^ibp
i
Vd< I\dfsf m^o^ c: 0+1+ --- +h,!5*
Pdno`h\n _` `^p\^dji`n gdi`\g`n 521
Rb^ ` < '`0 +‘‘‘ +@h' bi sb`qlo ab S i `rvlp `ljmlkbkqbp plk ilp k•jbolp nrb^m^ob`bk bk bi pfpqbj^ '05-12(- Dpqbpfpqbj^ mrbab bp`of_fopbjŠp pbk`fii^jbkqbmlkfbkal
P%r&< `-
Di pfpqbj^ qfbkb rk^ plir`fŽk pf v pŽil pf ` bpqŠbk bi ob`loofal ab P+Rf rk plils ab Si pb ^mif`^ bk `* bi pfpqbj^ qfbkb rk^ pli^ plir`fŽk- Rf jŠp ab rk s pb^mif`^ bk `* bi pfpqbj^ ^ajfqb jŠp ab rk^ plir`fŽk-
DIDLOKN 0- Ri ndno`h\ ndi njgp^d‡i, Di pfpqbj^ s * t < 0+ s * t < 1kl qfbkb plir`fŽk- K^ prj^ ab alp k•jbolp kl mrbab pbo ^ i^ sbw 0 v 1-
DIDLOKN 1- Ri ndno`h\ ^ji njgp^d‡i ˆid^\, Di pfpqbj^ s * t < 0+r * s < N qfbkb bu^`q^jbkqb rk^ plir`fŽk9 %r)s& < S+p(-
DIDLOKN 2- Ri ndno`h\ ^ji hƒn _` pi\ njgp^d‡i, Di pfpqbj^ s * t < 0+nrb `lkpq^ ab rk^ b`r^`fŽk `lk alp fk`Ždkfq^p+ qfbkb jŠp ab rk^ plir`fŽk- Clpk•jbolp `r^ibpnrfbo^ `rv^ prj^ pb^ 0 a^k rk^ plir`fŽk-
@ `^a^ pfpqbj^ ifkb^i '05-12(+ mlabjlp ^pl`f^o lqol pfpqbj^
i
F\dfsf;L m^o^ d;/*0* ,,, *h*1-2
l_qbkfal obbjmi^w^kal `^a^ `* bk '05-12( mlo N- Dpqbpb ii^j^ bi ndno`h\ cjhj+b„i`j `loobpmlkafbkqb ^i '05-12(+ Rf ` a, N- bi pfpqbj^ '05-12( pb ii^j^ ij cj+hjb„i`j, Tk sb`qlo s ab Si p^qfpc^oŠbi pfpqbj^ eljld‹kbl pf v pŽil pf
P%r&< N:
alkab P bp i^ qo^kpcloj^`fŽk ifkb^i abqbojfk^a^ mlo i^ j^qofw ab ilp `lbcf`fbkqbp-Di pfpqbj^ eljld‹kbl qfbkb pfbjmob i^ plir`fŽk s < N+ mbol mrbab qbkbo lqo^p-Di `lkgrkql ab plir`flkbp abi pfpqbj^ eljld‹kbl bp bi k•`ibl ab Q, Di qblobj^pfdrfbkqb bumlkb i^ obi^`fŽk bkqobi^p plir`flkbp abi pfpqbj^ eljld‹kbl v i^p abipfpqbj^ kl eljld‹kbl-
SDNQDL@ 05-07- Ppkjib\hjn lp` `g ndno`h\ ij cjhjb„i`j '05-12( o`ib\pi\ njgp^d‡i* kjm `e`hkgj ],
]( Pd pi q`^ojm s `n pi\ njgp^d‡i _`g ndno`h\ ij cjhjb„i`j* `ioji^`n `gq`^ojm q < s + ] `n pi\ njgp^d‡i _`g ^jmm`nkji_d`io` ndno`h\ cjhj+b„i`j,
522 Qm\inajmh\^dji`n gdi`\g`n t h\omd^`n
_( Pd pi q`^ojm q `n pi\ njgp^d‡i _`g ndno`h\ cjhjb„i`j* `g q`^ojm s <q * ]`n pi\ njgp^d‡i _`g ndno`h\ ij cjhjb„i`j,
A`hjnom\^d‡i, Rb^ Q8Sddx S g i^ qo^kpcloj^`fŽk ifkb^i abqbojfk^a^ mlo i^j^qofw ab ilp `lbcf`fbkqbp+`ljl ^kqbp pb e^ af`el- Orbpql nrb ] bp rk^ plir`fŽkabi pfpqbj^ kl eljld‹kbl qbkbjlp P%\& < ]+ Rb^k r v p alp sb`qlobp ab s+ q^ibpnrb q < s+], Dkqlk`bp qbkbjlp
Q&q'< Q&s + ]' < Q&s' + Q&c' < Q&s' + ^,
Olo `lkpfdrfbkqb P%r& < _ pf u pŽil pf Pni& < &N-Dpql abjrbpqo^ ^ i^ sbw ^( u ^(+
Dpqbqblobj^ morb_^ nrb bi mol_ibj^ ab e^ii^o qla^p i^p plir`flkbp ab ropfpqbj^ kl eljld‹kbl pb bp`fkab bk alp m^oqbp90( G^ii^o qla^p i^p plir`flkbpq abi pfpqbj^ eljld‹kbl+ bpql bp+abqbojfk^kal bi k•`ibl ab Q9 v 1( e^ii^o rk^plir`fŽk m^oqf`ri^o ] abi pfpqbj^ kl eljld‹kbl- Rrj^kal ]\ `^a^ rkl ab ilpsb`qlobp q abi k•`ibl P) pb l_qfbkbk qla^p i^p plir`flkbp s < q * \ abi pfpqbj^kl eljld‹kbl-
Rb^ e i^ afjbkpfŽk ab K&Q', Rf mlabjlp bk`lkqo^o e plir`flkbp di_`k`i_d`i+o`n H! ) +++ ) i&h abi pfpqbj^ eljld‹kbl+ bii^p cloj^oŠk rk^ _^pb m^o^K&Q'* v ml,abjlp l_qbkbo `r^inrfbo w9 ab J%P& cloj^kal qla^p i^p `lj_fk^`flkbp ifkb^ibp
alkab n))+++*of plk bp`^i^obp ^o_fqo^oflp-Dpq^`lj_fk^`fŽk ifkb^i pb ii^j^ njgp+^d‡i b`i`m\g _`g ndno`h\ cjhjb„i`j, Rf ] bp rk^ plir`fŽk m^oqf`ri^oabi pfpqbj^ kleljld‹kbl+ bkqlk`bp qla^p i^p plir`flkbp s sfbkbk a^a^p mlo
Dpq^ `lj_fk^`fŽk ifkb^i pb ii^j^ njgp^d‡i b`i`m\g _`g ndno`h\ ij cjhjb„i`j,Di qblobj^ 05-07 mrbab mlkbopb bk bpq^ lqo^ cloj^9
RCMPCK? 05-08- P`\ Q8Si ,* Sh g\ om\inajmh\^d‡i gdi`\g o\g lp` Q&s' < t*_ji_` s < &Ug% ŠŠŠ * Ui'* t < 'Xi + ‘-- *Vh'* b
i
Vd< x\dfUf k\m\ e< 0+1+--- +h ,h<i
Q„^id^\n _` ^ƒg^pgj 634
P`\ f g\ _dh`ind‡i _`g iˆ^g`j _` Q, Pd UH + ‘‘‘ + Re Pji f njgp^dji`n di_`k`i_d`i+o`n _`g ndno`h\ cjhjb„i`j Q&s'< M+Wnd] `n pi\ njgp^d‡i k\mod^pg\m_`g ndno`h\ij cjhjb„i`j Q&s' < `* `ioji^`n g\ njgp^d‡i b`i`m\g _`g ndno`h\ ij cjhjb„i`j `n
s < \ * 00r0 * --- * ffqf*
Dpqbqblobj^ kl klp af`b `Žjl bk`lkqo^o rk^ plir`fŽk m^oqf`ri^o ] abi pfp,qbj^ kl eljld‹kbl+ kf i^p plir`flkbp -TG +ŠŠŠ+Re abi pfpqbj^ eljld‹kbl- Mlp af`bq^k pŽil il nrb mrbab l_qbkbopb `r^kal bi pfpqbj^ kl eljld‹kbl qbkd^ rk^ pl,ir`fŽk- Di pfdrfbkqb bgbjmil+ ^rknrb jrv pbk`fiil+ firpqo^ bi qblobj^-
DIDLOKN- Di pfpqbj^ r * u < 1 qfbkb `ljl pfpqbj^ eljld‹kbl ^pl`f^al i^b`r^`fŽk r * v < N- Olo `lkpfdrfbkqb+ bi k•`ibl `lkpq^ ab qlalp ilp sb`qlobp abR0 ab i^ cloj^ %n)*n&)pfbkal n^o_fqo^ofl-Orbpql nrb %n)*n& < n%.),0(+ ‹pqb bprk pr_bpm^`fl rkf afjbkpflk^i ab S0 `lk _^pb '0+,0(- Tk^ plir`fŽk m^oqf`ri^oabi pfpqbj^ kl eljld‹kbl bp '/+1(- Olo q^kql+i^ plir`fŽk dbkbo^i abi pfpqbj^ kleljld‹kbl sfbkb a^a^ mlo
%r)s& < '/+1( * 0'0+,0( l s < 0+ t;0+/*
pfbkal o ^o_fqo^ofl-
05-07 S‹`kf`^p ab `Ši`ril
Ulis^jlp ^i mol_ibj^ abi `Ši`ril bcb`qfsl ab i^p plir`flkbp ab rk pfpqbj^ifkb^i kl eljld‹kbl- @rknrb pb e^k abp^oolii^al jr`elp j‹qlalp m^o^ ^q^`^obpqbmol_ibj^+ qlalp bufdbk `Ši`rilp `lkpfabo^_ibp pf bi pfpqbj^ bp ab do^k q^j^,•l- Olo bgbjmil+ m^o^obplisbo rk pfpqbj^ ab afbwb`r^`flkbp `lk bi jfpjl k•jbolab fk`Ždkfq^pmrbabk pbokb`bp^of^ps^of^p elo^p ab `Ši`rilp+ fk`irpl `lk i^ ^vra^ab rk `^i`ri^alo j^kr^i-
U^jlp ^ `ljbkq^o rk j‹qlal jrv rqfifw^al+ nrb pb ii^j^ h„oj_j _` `gdhd+i\^d‡i _` D\pnn+Fjm_\i* nrb bp obi^qfs^jbkqb pbk`fiil v mrbab moldo^j^opb cŠ`fi,jbkqb m^o^ `^i`ri^alobp bib`qoŽkf`lp ab ^iq^ sbir`fa^a- Di j‹qlal `lkpfpqb bk i^^mif`^`fŽk ab qobplmbo^`flkbp crka^jbkq^ibp ^ i^p b`r^`flkbp ifkb^ibp abi pfpqbj^9
0( Fio`m^\h]dj _` _jn `^p\^dji`n,0' Jpgodkgd^\^d‡i _` oj_jn gjn o„mhdijn _` pi\ `^p\^d‡i kjm pi `n^\g\m ij
ipgj,1' Pph\ _` pi\ `^p\^d‡i \ jom\ hpgodkgd^\_\ kjm pi `n^\g\m,
635 Qm\inajmh\^dji`n gdi`\g`n u h\omd^`n
B^a^ sbw nrb bcb`qr^jlp rk^ ab bp^p lmbo^`flkbp bk bi pfpqbj^ l_qbkbjlp rkkrbsl pfpqbj^ `lk i^p jfpj^p plir`flkbp- Clp pfpqbj^p `lk i^p jfpj^p plir`flkbppb ii^j^k `lpdq\g`io`n, Dcb`qr^kal bp^p lmbo^`flkbp rk^ qo^p lqo^ ab jlal pfpqb,jŠqf`l iibd^jlp mlo cfk ^ rk pfpqbj^ bnrfs^ibkqb nrb mrbab obplisbopb ^ pfjmibsfpq^-
Hirpqo^objlp bi j‹qlal `lk ^idrklp bgbjmilp m^oqf`ri^obp- Rb sboŠ bkqlk`bp`Žjl pb ^mif`^ bi j‹qlal bk dbkbo^i-
DIDLOKN 0- Pdno`h\ ^ji njgp^d‡i ˆid^\, Blkpfabobjlp bi pfpqbj^
/r * 3t * 1t < ,2
s + /s!7x! w < 4
s + 1s * 5w < 0/ -
Dpqb pfpqbj^ qfbkb plir`fŽk •kf`^+ s <013+ t;53* w < 20+ nrb l_qbkaobjlp mlo bij‹qlal ab bifjfk^`fŽk ab F^rpp,Hloa^k+ O^o^ bsfq^o qo^_^gl kl `lmf^jlp i^p ib,qo^ps* v+ w kf ilp pfdklp ab fdr^ia^a+ pfkl nrb qo^_^g^objlp `lk i^ h\omdu\hkgd\_\
'05-13( ,z\0/
l_qbkfa^ mlo i^ ^agrk`fŽk ab ilp pbdrkalp jfbj_olp abi pfpqbj^ ^ i^ j^qofw abilp `lbcf`fbkqbp- K^p qobp lmbo^`flkbp _Špf`^p ^kqbp jbk`flk^a^p pb bcb`q•^k `lki^p cfi^p ab i^ j^qofw ^jmif^a^ v pb ii^j^k jk`m\^dji`n adg\,Dk `r^inrfbo c^pb abimol`bpl mlabjlp mlkbo i^p ibqo^p s* v+ w b fkqbo`^i^o ilp pfdklp ab fdr^ia^a bk i^psboqf`^ibp `loobpmlkafbkqbp l_qbkfbkal b`r^`flkbp- Mrbpqol l_fbqfsl bp iibd^o ^
'05-14(*+-=64
20
i^ j^qofw ^jmif^a^ abpmr‹p ab rk^ pr`bpfŽk ab lmbo^`flkbp cfi^- Di `loobpmlkafbkqbpfpqbj^ ab b`r^`flkbp bp r < 013+ X < 64+ w < 20+ nrb klp a^ i^ plir`fŽkabpb^a^-
Q„^id^\n _` ^ƒg^pgj 0-0
Di mofjbo m^pl bp l_qbkbo rk 0 bk bi s‹oqf`b prmboflo fwnrfboal ab i^ j^qofw
Olabjlp e^`boil fkqbo`^j_f^kal i^ mofjbo^ cfi^ ab i^ j^qofw a^a^ '05-13(`lk i^ pbdrka^ l `lk i^ qbo`bo^- N _fbk+ mlabjlp jriqfmif`^o i^ mofjbo^ cfi^ mloz- Hkqbo`^j_f^kal i^p cfi^p mofjbo^ v pbdrka^+ l_qbkbjlp
Z
0 ,1 0
1 ,4 3
0 ,3 5,z\-
0/
Di m^pl pfdrfbkqb `lkpfpqb bk `lksboqfo qlalp ilp obpq^kqbp bibjbkqlp ab i^mofjbo^ `lirjk^ bk `bolp+ abg^kal bi mofjbol fkq^`ql- A^pq^ m^o^ biil jriqfmif`^oi^ mofjbo^ cfi^ mlo , 1 X prj^o bi obpriq^al ^ i^ pbdrka^ cfi^- Krbdl jriqfmif`^,jlp i^ mofjbo^ cfi^ mlo , 0 X prj^jlp bi obpriq^al ^ i^ qbo`bo^- Cbpmr‹p ab bp^palp lmbo^`flkbp+ l_qbkbjlp
'05-15( Yy<yy ,024
4
H-N ,1 4
Qbmbqfjlp ^elo^ bi mol`bpl bk i^ j^qofw obar`fa^ Z,0+10,02[
,1 4 4nrb
^m^ob`b grkql ^ ilp alp `bolp- Olabjlp l_qbkbo 0 bk np s‹oqf`b prmboflo fwnrfboaljriqfmif`^kal i^ pbdrka^ cfi^ ab '05-15( mlo ,0- Dpql klp a^ i^ j^qofw
Zz ,z ,z 04z\&N ,1 4
Lriqfmif`^kal i^ pbdrka^ cfi^ mlo 1 v prj^kal bi obpriq^al ^ i^ qbo`bo^+ `lkpb,drfjlp
'05-16( Yy,z ,z
N N 0izI-20
@i iibd^o ^nrŒ+bi `loobpmlkafbkqb pfpqbj^ ab b`r^`flkbp sfbkb a^al mlo
s + /s * u < 4
V + 0u < 02
u < 20 -
0-1 Qm\inajmh\^dji`n gdi`\g`n v h\omd^`n
Dpq^p b`r^`flkbp mrbabk obplisbopb pr`bpfs^jbkqb m^oqfbkal ab i^ qbo`bo^ v qo^,_^g^kal e^`f^ ^qoŠp+aŠkalklp
u < 20+ V < 02 * 0u < 02 * 51 < 64+ s < 4 * 0t + u < 4 * 04/ , 20 < 013-
l _fbk+ mlabjlp `lkqfkr^o bi mol`bpl ab F^rpp,Hloa^k `lksfoqfbkal bk `bolpqlalp ilp bibjbkqlp pfqr^alp mlo bk`fj^ ab i^ af^dlk^i ab rklp bk i^ pbdrka^u bk i^ qbo`bo^ `lirjk^p- Lriqfmif`^kal i^ pbdrka^ cfi^ ab '05-16( mlo 1 u pr,j^kal bi obpriq^al ^ i^ mofjbo^+ l_qbkbjlp
Z
0 N
N 0
: :
,2 G 20\,1002 -0 20
Olo •iqfjl+ jriqfmif`^jlp i^ qbo`bo^ cfi^ mlo 2 u prj^jlp bi obpriq^al ^ i^ mofjbo^cfi^+ u irbdl jriqfmif`^jlp i^ qbo`bo^ cfi^ mlo 1 u prj^jlp bi obpriq^al ^ i^ pb,drka^ `lk il nrb iibd^jlp ^ i^ j^qofw '05-14(-
DIDLOKN 1- Pdno`h\ ^ji hƒn _` pi\ njgp^d‡i, Blkpfabobjlp bi pfdrfbkqbpfpqbj^ ab 2 b`r^`flkbp `lk 4 fk`Ždkfq^p9
'05-17(
0s + 3t * 2u * p + q < ,2
s + /s * u + p * q < 4
s + 1s * 4u * 0p + q < 0/ -
K^ `loobpmlkafbkqb j^qofw ^jmif^a^ bp
<3
,4 3 0 ,0 ,2\,1 0 ,0 0 4 -
,3 5 1 ,0 0/
Klp `lbcf`fbkqbp ab s* t* u u ilp pbdrkalp jfbj_olp plk ilp jfpjlp nrb ilp abibgbjmil i- Rf bcb`qr^jlp i^p jfpj^p lmbo^`flkbp cfi^ nrb bk bi bgbjmil 0+ iibd^,jlp ^ i^ j^qofw ^jmif^a^
,05 08
'2 **
,2 3
013\64 -
20
Q„^id^\n _` ^ƒg^pgj 0-2
Di `loobpmlkafbkqb pfpqbj^ ab b`r^`flkbp mrbab obplisbopb obpmb`ql ^ s* v+ w bkcrk`fŽk ab p v q aŠkalklp
r < 013 * .3o * .6p
t < 64 * 7p + iis
u < 20 * 1p + 2q,
Rf e^`bjlp o < n) X p < o0* pfbkal o*v ny k•jbolp ob^ibp ^o_fqo^oflp+ v abqbojf,jfk^jlp r) v+ w jbaf^kqb bp^p b`r^`flkbp+ bi sb`qlo %r) v+t) o) p& ab R+a^al mlo
%r)t* t) o) p&< '013 * 0500 , 0801+64 * 800 , 0001+20 * 200 , 301+00+ '1(
bp rk^ plir`fŽk m^oqf`ri^o abi pfpqbj^ kl eljld‹kbl '05-17(- Klp alp sb`qlobp
%r)s) t) o) p&< '013+64+20+ N+N( * 00'05+8+2+0+ N( * 01',08+ ,00+ ,3+ /+0(-
Dpq^ b`r^`fŽk klp a^ i^ plir`fŽk dbkbo^i abi pfpqbj^- Di sb`qlo '013+ 64+ 20+ N+N(bp rk^ plir`fŽk m^oqf`ri^o abi pfpqbj^ kl eljld‹kbl '05-17(- Klp alp sb`qlobp'05+8+2+0+ N( X ',08+ ,00+ ,3+ /+0( plk plir`flkbp abi `loobpmlkafbkqb pfp,qbj^ eljld‹kbl- Orbpql nrb plk fkabmbkafbkqbp+ `lkpqfqrvbk rk^ _^pb m^o^ bibpm^`fl ab qla^p i^p plir`flkbp abi pfpqbj^ eljld‹kbl-
DIDLOKN 2- Pdno`h\ ndi njgp^d‡i, Blkpfabobjlp bi pfpqbj^
'05-18(
0s + 3t * 2u < ,2
r * /s * t < 4
u , 1s * 3u < 0/-
Dp fa‹kqf`l ^i abi bgbjmil 0 bu`bmql nrb bk bi `lbcf`fbkqb ab w bk i^ qbo`bo^ b`r^`fŽke^ pfal `^j_f^al bi 5 mlo rk 4- K^ j^qofw ^okme^a^ `loobpmlkafbkqb bp
Z
1 ,4 30 ,1 00 ,3 4
,2\4 -
0/
@mif`^kal i^p jfpj^p lmbo^`flkbp cfi^ rp^a^p bk bi bgbjmil 0 m^o^ qo^kpcloj^o'05-13( bk '05-16(+ iibd^jlp ^ i^ j^qofw ^jmif^a^
'05-2/(0
'+N
hy[-20
64/ Qm\inajmh\^dji`n gdi`\g`n v h\omd^`n
Br^kal i^ •iqfj^ cfi^ pb bumobp^ ljl b`r^`fŽk+ iibd^jlp ^ N < 20- Olo `lkpf,drfbkqb bi pfpqbj^ lofdfk^i kl qfbkb plir`fŽk mrbpql nrb ilp alp pfpqbj^p '05-18(u '05-2/( plk bnrfs^ibkqbp-
Dk `^a^ rkl ab ilp bgbjmilp ^kqboflobp+bi k•jbol ab b`r^`flkbp kl bu`baŒ^^i ab fk`Ždkfq^p- Rf e^v jŠp b`r^`flkbp nrb fk`Ždkfq^p+bi mol`bpl ab F^rpp,Zloa^k mrbab ^•k ^mif`^opb-Olo bgbjmil+ `lkpfabobjlp bi pfpqbj^ abi bgbjmil 0+nrb qfbkb i^ plir`fŽk r < 013+X< 64+ w < 20- Rf ^agrkq^jlp rk^ krbs^ b`r^,`fŽk ^ bpqbpfpqbj^ nrb pb^ p^qfpcb`e^mlo i^ jfpj^ qbok^+mlo bgbjmil+ i^ b`r^,`fŽk /r * 2u * w< 43+ bkqlk`bp bi mol`bpl ab bifjfk^`fŽk klp iibs^ ^ i^ j^qofw^jmif^a^
hyyy0z9\M M 0 20
N N N N
`lk rk^ cfi^ ab `bolp bk i^ m^oqbfkcboflo- Obol pf ^agrkq^jlp rk^ krbs^ b`r^`fŽknrb kl pb p^qfpc^d^ mlo i^ qbok^ '013+ 64+ 20(+ mlo bgbjmil i^ b`r^`fŽks * u * w< 0+ bkqlk`bp bi mol`bpl ab bifjfk^`fŽk klp `lkar`b ^ i^ j^qofw^jmif^a^ ab i^ cloj^
<
* : :
: * :
: : *
N N N
013\64
20 &
[
alkab \ q+N- K^ •iqfj^ cfi^ klp a^ rk^ b`r^`fŽk `lkqo^af`qlof^ N < \ il nrbmorb_^ nrb bi pfpqbj^ kl qfbkbplir`fŽk-
).&)1 =[cR_`N`QRZNa_VPRPbNQ_NQN`
Rb^ > < %[xd&rk^ j^qofw `r^ao^a^ h W h) -q^inrb ?> < &"pfbkal / i^ j^,qofwfabkqfa^a i W i* bkqlk`bp > pb ii^j^ ij ndibpg\m v ? i^ diq`mn\ ab > mlog\ dulpd`m_\,
Dibdfa^ i^ _^pb rpr^i ab ilp sb`qlobp `lloabk^alp rkfq^oflp ab Ri* pb^P7Rj x Ri i^ qo^kpcloj^`fŽk ifkb^i `lk j^qofw g%P&< =+ Sbkbjlp bkqlk`bp bipfdrfbkqb
giq`mn\n _` h\omd^`n ^p\_m\_\n 640
RCMPCK? 05-1/- I\ h\omdu > `n ij ndibpg\m nd v n‡gj nd Q `n di q`mod]g`, Pd?> < F* `ioji^`n ? < h&Q+/
',
A`hjnom\^d‡i, Rrmlkd^jlp nrb > bp kl pfkdri^o u nrb ?> < g, Cbjlpqo^,objlp nrb Q&s' < N fjmif`^ s < N- C^al s q^i nrb Q&s' < N+ pb^ W i^ j^qofw`lirjk^ i V 0 cloj^a^ ^ m^oqfoab ilp `ljmlkbkqbp ab s, Orbpql nrb Q&s' < N+i^ j^qofw molar`ql =T bp rk^ j^qofw `lirjk^ i V 0 cloj^a^ mlo `bolp+ ^pŒnrb?&>U' bp q^j_f‹k rk^ j^qofw `lirjk^ ab `bolp- Obol ?&>U' < &?>'U < gU < W+mlo il nrb qlal `ljmlkbkqb ab s bp N- Olo `lkpfdrfbkqb+ Q bp fksboqf_ib+ u i^b`r^`fŽk QQ+/ < g fjmif`^ nrb h&Q'h&Q+/
' < g l >h&Q+/' < g, Lriqfmif`^kal
^ i^ fwnrfboa^ mlo ." bk`lkqo^jlp jq H!!( < ?, Qb`Œmol`^jbkqb+ pf Q bp fksboqf_ibbkqlk`bp Q+/Q bp i^ qo^kpcloj^`fŽk fa‹kqf`^ ^pŒnrb h&Q+/'h&Q' bp i^ j^qofwfabkqfa^a- Olo `lkpfdrfbkqb > bp kl pfkdri^o u h&Q+g'> < g,
Sla^p i^p molmfba^abp ab i^p qo^kpcloj^`flkbp ifkb^ibp fksboqf_ibp qfbkbk pr`lkqo^m^oqfa^ m^o^ i^p j^qof`bp kl pfkdri^obp- Dk m^oqf`ri^o+ i^p fksbop^p mlo i^fwnrfboa^ 'pf bufpqbk( plk •kf`^p+ v qla^ fksbop^ mlo i^ f-wnrfboa^ bp q^j_f‹k fk,sbop^ mlo i^ abob`e^- Cf`el ab lqol jlal+ pf > bp kl pfkdri^o v ?> < >"bkqlk,`bp >? < g, Ki^j^jlp ^ ? i^ diq`mn\ ab > X i^ abpfdk^jlp mlo > +h- K^ fksbo,p^ = ,0 q^j_f‹k bp kl pfkdri^o u np fksbop^ bp =+
Rbdrfa^jbkqb abjlpqo^jlp nrb bi mol_ibj^ ab i^ abqbojfk^`fŽk bcb`qfs^ abilp bibjbkqlp ab i^ fksbop^ ab rk^ j^qofw kl pfkdri^o bp bnrfs^ibkqb ^ i^ obplir,`fŽk ab i pfpqbj^p ifkb^ibp kl eljld‹kblp-
Rb^ = < pq+z(kl pfkdri^o v R&9&0:[ < %\xd&pr fksbop^- Klp bibjbkqlp ab =u > +GbpqŠk ifd^alp mlo i^p i0 b`r^`flkbp-
'05-20(i
I [ce\eF < %dcF$f;g
pfbkal %dxd< 0 pf d < c+v %dxd< N pf d ;/; d+ O^o^ `^a^ s^ilo cfgl ab d) mlabjlp`lkpfabo^o '05-20( `ljl rk pfpqbj^ kl eljld‹kbl ab i b`r^`flkbp ifkb^ibp `lki fk`Ždkfq^p ].d) ]/d ) ††† ) \hd+ Orbpql nrb > bp kl pfkdri^o+ `^a^ rkl ab bplppfpqbj^p qfbkb plir`fŽk •kf`^+ i^ `lirjk^ d ab >+ Slalp bplp pfpqbj^p qfbkbk i^jfpj^ j^qofw ab `lbcf`fbkqbp > u afcfbobk q^k pŽil bk prp pbdrkalp jfbj_olp-Olo bgbjmil+ pf > bp rk^ j^qofw 2 W 2+ bufpqbk 8 b`r^`flkbp bk '05-20( nrb mrbabkobmobpbkq^opbljl 2 pfpqbj^p ifkb^ibp nrb qfbkbk i^p pfdrfbkqbp j^qof`bp ^jmif^a^p9
0.+ Qm\inajmh\^dji`n gdi`\g`n u h\omd^`n
Rf ^mif`^jlp bi mol`bpl ab F^rpp,Iloa^k+ iibd^jlp ^ i^p obpmb`qfs^pj^qof`bp ^j,mif^a^p
Z
0 N N ^S[N 0 N \0/ *
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Dk i^ moŠ`qf`^^molsb`e^jlp bi eb`el ab nrb ilp qobppfpqbj^p qfbkbk i^ jfpj^j^qofw ab `lbcf`fbkqbp u obplisbjlp ilp qobppfpqbj^p ab rk^ sbw qo^_^g^kal `lki^ j^qofw ^jmif^a^&
Z^r \/0 \/1 0 N zi{0/ {00 .01 N 0
\1/ \10 {11 N N
Di mol`bpl ab bifjfk^`fŽk klp iibs^ ^
<RN N _r ]/0
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N 0 ]1/ ]10 ]11
K^ j^qofw ab i^ m^oqbabob`e^ ab i^ _^oo^ sboqf`^i bp i^ fksbop^ abpb^a^- K^ ab i^fwnrfboa^ bp i^ j^qofw fabkqfa^a 2 W 2-
Ml bp mob`fpl`lkl`bo ab ^kqbj^kl pf> bp kl pfkdri^o- Rf > bp ndibpg\m*mlab,jlp ^•k ^mif`^o bi j‹qlal ab F^rpp,Hloa^k+ mbol l`roob nrb bk bi mol`bpl rklab ilp bibjbkqlp ab i^ af^dlk^i pb `lksfboqb bk `bol+ v kl pboŠmlpf_ib qo^kpcloj^o= bk i^ j^qofw fabkqfa^a-
).&*( :WR_PVPV\`
@mif`^kal bi mol`bpl ab F^rpp,Hloa^k ^ `^a^ rkl ab ilp pfpqbj^p pfdrfbkqbp+ abqbojfk^oi^ plir`fŽk dbkbo^i+ pf bufpqb-
.+ s * t * 0t < 4
/r * t * 1t < 00
+t * u < 2-
0, 1s * 0t * u < 0
3s * 1t * 1u < 1s) t+ u;g,
1, 1s * /s * u < 0
3s * 1t * 1u < 15s * 1s * 3u < 2-
2, 1s * /s * u < 0
3s * 1t * 1u < 15s * 1s * 3u < 2
s * t + u < N-
Be`m^d^djn 642
3, 1s + /s * 3u * p < 0s * t + 1u * 0p < 1
4s * t + 2u * 1p < 6-
4, s * t + 1u * p < 40s + t * u + 0p < 1
5s * t + 5u * 1p < 2-
5, s * t * 0u * 1p * 2q < N0s * 1t * 6u * 0Hp * /2q < N1s * 1t * 4u * .-.E * /3q < N-
5+ r * /s * t * /.. < ,10s * 2t + u}+ 400 < 81r * t * t * 00 < 43s + 1t * 0u * 00 < 2-
8- Cbjlpqo^o nrb bi pfpqbj^ r * u * /t < 1+ /r * u * 0t < 1+ 2r * u * [t < 5+ qfbkb pl,ir`fŽk •kf`^ pf \ 9%!7- G^ii^o qla^p i^p plir`flkbp `r^kal \ < 7-
0/- ^( Cbqbojfk^o qla^p i^p plir`flkbp abi pfpqbj^
3s * /s * 4u * 100 < ,0
s + t * W + 00 < ,1-
_( Cbqbojfk^o qla^p i^p plir`flkbp abi pfpqbj^
3s * 1t + 4u * 100 < , 0
s + t * u + p < ,1
s)t)u 3+
00- Dpqb bgbo`f`fl klp fkaf`^ `Žjl pb abqbojfk^k qla^p i^p j^qof`bp kl pfkdri^obp 1 W 1-Cbjlpqo^o nrb
X\ ]G X _ %8 < &\_ + ]`'g,b _ ,b \
Cbar`fo nrb Z9 9\ bp kl pfkdri^o pf v pŽil pf \_ + ]` 9%!N+bk `rvl `^pl pr fksbop^ bp
0 W^ *\F\_ + ]` ,b \%
Cbqbojfk^o i^ fksbop^ ab `^a^ rk^ ab i^p j^qof`bp ab ilp bgbo`f`flp abi 01 ^i 05-
01- Z 9 2 yH-'* +
02 Yy,: [
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0- Rf rk^ j^qofw `r^ao^a^ qfbkb rk^ `lirjk^ ab `bolp l rk^ cfi^ ab `bolp+ abjlpqo^o nrbbp pfkdri^o-
1- O^o^ `^a^ rk^ ab i^p molmlpf`flkbp pfdrfbkqbp obi^qfs^p ^ j^qof`bp i W i* a^o rk^ ab,jlpqo^`fŽk l rk `lkqo^bgbjmil-^( Rf => * >= < N+ bkqlk`bp =/>0 < >0=/+_( Rf = X > plk kl pfkdri^obp+bkqlk`bp = * > bp kl pfkdri^o-`( Rf > X > plk kl pfkdri^obp+bkqlk`bp => bp kl pfkdri^o-a( Rf =) >) X = * > plk kl pfkdri^obp+bkqlk`bp = * > bp kl pfkdri^o-b( Rf =0 < N+ bkqlk`bp = * . bp kl pfkdri^o-c( Rf bi molar`ql ab e j^qof`bp =f +++=e bp kl pfkdri^o+ `^a^ rk^ ab i^p j^qof`bp =) bp
kl pfkdri^o-
2- Rf = < E yH+e^ii^o rk^ j^qofw kl pfkdri^o L q^i nrb j*f =L < Zz ] ziX
\ fI ,,3- K^ j^qofw > < e ] +alkab d0 < ,0+\ ;T * U4(+ v ] < 'i , U4(+ qfbkb i^
molmfba^a ab nrb =/ < =+ Cbp`of_fo bk cloj^ `ljmibq^ qla^p i^p j^qof`bp =) 1 W 1+`lk bibjbkqlp `ljmibglp q^ibp nrb >0 < =+
4- Rf =/ < =) abjlpqo^o nrb %= * F&e < . * %/e * f&=+5- K^ qbloŒ ab i^ obi^qfsfa^a rqfifw^rk `lkgrkql ab b`r^`flkbp ab i^ cloj^ r$ < [%r * pn&)
v&< v+ u%< u* o%< \&o+ qs-^0', @nrŒq obmobpbkq i^ sbil`fa^a ab rk l_gbql nrb pb
jrbsb+ ` i^ sbil`fa^a ab i^ irw+ u \ < B.U,:91 , q0* alkab Grh; `- K^ qo^kpcloj^`fŽknrb ^mif`^ bi sb`qlo _f afjbkpflk^i &s*o' bk &s%*o%'pb ii^j^ om\inajmh\^d‡i _` Ijm`iou,Rr j^qofw obi^qfs^ ^ i^p _^pbp rpr^ibp pb abpfdk^ `lk Ivq' u sfbkb a^a^ mlo
I&q' < \X 0 ,isI-+q^+/
Be`m^d^djnq\mdjn nj]m` h\omd^`n 644
N_p‹osbpb nrb H%p&bp kl pfkdri^o v nrb H%K&< 0- Cbjlpqo^o nrb H%p&H%o&< H%q&)pfbkal s < %o* %$&]0-&Ro* ]0', Dp ab`fo+ bi molar`ql ab alp qo^kpcloj^`flkbp abKlobkqw bp lqo^ qo^kpcloj^`fŽk ab Klobkqw-
6- Rf `^j_f^jlp i^p cfi^p mlo i^p `lirjk^p bk rk^ j^qofw ob`q^kdri^o =) i^ krbs^ j^qofw^pŒl_qbkfa^ pb ii^j^ i^ om\inkp`no\ ab = v pb abpfdk^ mlo =f+ Olo bgbjmil+ pf qbkbjlp
> x X8 8 9I- bkqlk`bp >% + X8 8Z
Cbjlpqo^o nrb i^p qo^kpmrbpq^p qfbkbk i^p molmfba^abp pfdrfbkqbp9
'^( %=E&n< =+ '_( %= * >&E< =n * >E+ 'b( %]=&n< ?=f+'a( %=>&n< >$=$) 'b( %=.l. < %=*.&. pf = bp kl pfkdri^o-
7- Tk^ j^qofw `r^ao^a^ = pb ii^j^ j^qofw loqldlk^i pf ==E < f+ Bljmol_^o ~rb i^ j^qofw
Zblp 7 , pbk 7I
1 W 1 pbk 7 `lp '( bp loqldlk^i m^o^ `^a^ k•jbol ob^i '(- Rf > bp `r^inrfbo
j^qofw loqldlk^i i W i* abjlpqo^o nrb prp cfi^p+`lkpfabo^a^p `ljl sb`qlobp ab Ri* clo,j^k rk `lkgrkql loqldlk^i-
8- O^o^ `^a^ rk^ ab i^p molmlpf`flkbp pfdrfbkqbp ^`bo`^ ab i^p j^qof`bp i W i* a^o rk^abjlpqo^`fŽk l bk pr ird^o rk `lkqo^ bgbjmil-^( Rf = X > plk loqldlk^ibp+ = * > bp loqldlk^i-_( Rf = X > plk loqldlk^ibp+ => bp loqldlk^i-`( Rf = X => plk loqldlk^ibp+ > bp loqldlk^i-
/., J\omd^`n _` E\_\h\m_* ii^j^a^p ^pŒmlo Z^`nrbp G^a^j^oa '0754,0852(+ plk ^nrbii^pj^qof`bp i W i `lk i^p molmfba^abp pfdrfbkqbp9
0- B^a^ abjbkql bp 0 Ž , 0-00- B^a^ cfi^+`lkpfabo^a^ `ljl rk sb`qlo ab Ri* qfbkb ilkdfqra fdr^i ^ Ty -
000- Di molar`ql bp`^i^o ab alp cfi^p afpqfkq^p `r^ibpnrfbo^ bp N-K^p j^qof`bp ab G^a^j^oa pb mobpbkq^k bk `fboqlp mol_ibj^p ab dbljbqoŒ^ v bk i^qbloŒ^ab k•jbolp+ v e^k pfal ^mif`^a^p ob`fbkqbjbkqb bk i^ `lafcf`^`fŽk Žmqfj^ m^o^ i^`ljrkf`^`fŽk bpm^`f^i- @ mbp^o ab pr ^m^obkqb pfjmif`fa^a+ mobpbkq^k jr`elp mol_ibj^ppfk obplisbo- Di mofk`fm^i mol_ibj^ kl obprbiql bk bpqbjljbkql bp bi ab abqbojfk^o qlalpilp s^ilobp ab i m^o^ ilp nrb bufpqb rk^ j^qofw ab G^a^j^oa i W i, Dpqb bgbo`f`fl a^fab^ ab rk^ plir`fŽk m^o`f^i-^( Cbqbojfk^o qla^p i^p j^qof`bp ab G^a^j^oa 1 W 1 'e^v bu^`q^jbkqb 7(-_( Dpq^ m^oqb abi bgbo`f`fl bp_lw^ rk^ abjlpqo^`fŽk pbk`fii^ abi pfdrfbkqb qblobj^9Rf > `n pi\ h\omdu _` E\_\h\m_ i W i* nd`i_j i = 1+ `ioji^`n i `n pi hˆgodkgj _` 2,K^ abjlpqo^`fŽk pb _^p^ bk alp ibj^p jrv pbk`fiilp obi^qfslp ^ ilp sb`qlobp bk bi bpm^`fl ab afjbkpfŽk i, Cbjlpqo^o `^a^ rkl ab bplp ibj^p u ^mif`^oilp ^ i^p cfi^p ab i^j^qofw ab G^a^j^oa m^o^ abjlpqo^o bi qblobj^-
KDL@ 0- Pd W+V* Y nji q`^ojm`n jmojbji\g`n _` Sh) n` od`i`
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4- /+x0y+ x1y+x2y+x3y+xi+ 1y+ xi+ 2y+xi+ 3y+ x1+2y+x1+3y+x2+3y+ xi+ 1+ 2y+xi+ 1+3y+xi+ 2+3y+
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03-6 Dgbo`f`flp 'mŠd- 38(
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0 3-8 Dgbo`f`flp 'mŠd- 42(
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Pjgp^dji`n \ gjn `e`m^d^djn 648
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si(f si(f00, h * 0 ild g\sg + %h* 0(1 * b pf h83 ,0: eild1 g\sg * b pf h < ,0
[0
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5-06 Dgbo`f`flp 'mŠd- 2/3(
0- 1`1s+/ 5- 0U ild 11- 6s„s0
6- 0/)s0s ild 12- [0s`+s0
7- '`lp s'`!} s`V8U 8- ,'oaj 0U'`!LP0U
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06- 0&V 9 + g'`VU * b 11- 0 * 'i * 0s * 0s0'`U0
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16- sssssXx * ild s * 'ild U'0G
17- 'ild s'U &ild ild s * HNzs'
00+ Pjgp^dji`n \ gjn `e`m^d^djn
18- 1u,i*0ld s i^d s
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20- 'pbku(i*B/7W X`\o/ r ,i^d %m_hr&Y* '`lp r&.($$$r Zq^k! r * i^d &^\p r&Y
0/+ r*0)g-T%. * i^d r&
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22- 2'0 ] r&/%0 Z T&/,0%0 * T&2,0
5-08 Dgbo`f`flp 'mŠd- 2/7(
05-06-07-08-1/-
422!3
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qf+.
5-11 Dgbo`f`flp 'mŠd- 203(
001- ,,, oe Gth; 1
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02- ‘ . pf Er * 00 ; U1sf * /r * r/
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`lp s04-
g`\n uipf s x %e* S/Q* e bkqbol
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05, 0r * '0 * /r/& ^o`pbk r
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Pjgp^dji`n \ gjn `e`m^d^djn 662
0 s20- , ^obq^k , * b
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22- U6 ^obq^k U6 * b
23- F'G * s0' ^obq^k s + sZ * b
s1 1 * s0 ,++24- , ^obblp s + ++ r&0 , s/ * a
2 8
25-z'H * u1('^obq^k U'0 + s ^obq^k s * y i^d '0 * s0' * b
26- '0 * r& ^obq^k [.9: , [.9: * b 0' r &31- , ^obq^k s + ++27- '^obq^k [.9:(1 * b 1 0 * s
/
28- G^o`pbk r * rX, 0 , r0' * b 32- ^obq^k _T * b%r * 0(a&Gb'&p9hhhs
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5-14 Dgbo`f`flp 'mŠd- 215(
0- i^d Gt , 10 * i^d Zu * 40 * b
G'=: * 1(3 G
1- z i^d &s9 0'&s * U * b
2- , 0%r 0] 0( * y i^d G9 9 y G* B
2,xU0 [ s * i^d Gs19s]*01( G* b
2 24- i^d Gt * 00 , &0s * 0(1 * 0s * 0 * a5- 10^d Gt , 00 * i^d %r0 * r * 0( * b4+ s * h ^obq^k s + ,x^obq^k %rd/&* B7- 10^d xrf * i^d Er * 00 * b
663 Pjgp^dji`n \ gjn `e`m^d^djn
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* 00 , f[a Gth* b.0+ r * y i^d Gt , 10 , ) i^d Er * 20 * b
303- i^d Er * 10 , r Z 1 * b
004-1,, , ^o`q^k %r * 1(* b
'[
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s (
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0 0 * 2 q^k %r,/&15- U4 ^o`q^k U 4 * b
1 %FE* \ U'16- ‘ . ]] ^o`q^k ,, q^k , * brG , \/ +0 * \ 1
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17- ,,,,,,,9,, i^d ,,,,,,,,, * bS\0
+ 0 i * \ `lp s
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22- iuU2 , s/ * z ^o`pbk ':2( * B
23- ,U2 +s/ * B
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* s 2 ild s * B
25- U s0 * s * iild '1U s0 * s * 0s * 0( * B
26- iusz * •zHld'u * qs/ * 4( * B
27- U s0 * s * 0 , iild &0s * 0 * 0q%+s+0,*,u,*,H( * B
28- ild &0s * 0 * 1U s0 * 0( * B
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5-15 Dgbo`f`flpab obm^pl 'mŠd-217(
0- a&s' * aL-s' < iNld U'0
0, a&s' < ild U2.'1 * `lp s'
3- 06 03 5Q&2s}* 1(
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5- ']( s x 0 'a( C&\s' + C&\'9 C&s' + x * `9 s`% ! + ` + CD'
6- '^( Ml bufpqbq^i crk`fŽk '_( Z/s i^d 1 'b( iu ~ 08- '^( b&1s' < 1`0Ub&s' '_( b&is' < i`&i+g'Ub&s' 'b( 1 'a( B < 1
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Erf = 0
'b( 0 , `+U pf s x N: `U + 0 pf
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s ; N
Gth= 0
00.
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08- '^( i^d 2 , 1 i^d 1 '_( Ml bufpqb kfkd•k s ob^i1/- '^( `fboq^ '_( c^ip^ 'b( `fboq^ 'a( c^ip^ pf s ; N
'a( Pl
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e:. d
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?[j•nofi 4
6-7 Dgbo`f`flp 'mŠd- 237(
44U1 U17- '_( 561 * N) alkab ENEw 657/ ; 1 - 0/,
3
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6-00 Dgbo`f`flp 'mŠd- 245(
0- 0 * s ild 1 * s/ ild1 11- blp 0 * 'blp 0 , pbk .&%r * 0( , i'1pbk 0 * blp E&%r* 0(1 * f'pbk 0 , 2 blp .&%r * 0(2
[1 [2 /1[3 [4
1, s + s0 + + * , , , *,5 1 01/ 7
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2/-22-
6-02 Dgbo`f`flp 'mŠd- 251(
0- [31- ,1
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0f
6-06 Dgbo`f`flp 'mŠd-260(
0- N 7- `-0 04- N 11-
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1
2/- b < 0: iŒjfqb < R021- '_( 00+44 ^•lp 'b( 00+56 ^•lp
@\k…opgj 6
7-4 Dgbo`f`flp 'mŠd-270(
0- t;`1T[`0T G' 0( -5, V <91 H *:9 'B , `+T*&
5+ t < pbk r * ?,m_hr
6+ t < ': < yn&s * s x 1 * `(.-+ V < rP%r& * ?r
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^`1s * 1 ] * 1 `1s * 1B ] + 01/- '^( t < b 0r 0 pfbkal B < +] + '_( V < 0r B pfbkal B <,,
,` + + 0 ` + ] * 1
001 Pjgp^dji`n \ gjn `e`m^d^djn
7-6- Dgbo`f`flp 'mŠd- 28/(
0//'0 , 1,0.05( < 3+1 mlo `fbkql
Br^qol sb`bp i^ `^kqfa^a fkf`f^i
0-
1-2- '^( Q < 'h]c i'-f
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7-03 Dgbo`f`flp 'mŠd-3/0(
f+ V < ^f`/T * ^/`+/T
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1, t < Bi * ^/`1T
1+ S < B0 * ^/`+‰Š z,
2+ U < _F!%]f \n Y%/r * ]0 pbk [ /r&00- t < 0 , w_*0F!,/
./+ s < +`\n &3s + 04(
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3+ U < ]._! * ]0_*7fF$
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/* ]
0r&
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08- '_( K\ 'b( pf f ,:H`, N i^ `lkaf`fŽk bp [f * C/ ,:H`, iigZ9
1/- '^( s! * s < N
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7-06 Dgbo`f`flp 'mŠd-3/7(
f+ U < ]f_F$ * ]0_*s + r
08 t < ]f_r * ]/ * 0s + s/ * /s0
Pjgp^dji`n \ gjn `e`m^d^djn 557
1, U < ^y`+U * ^0 * gs1
2, t < `G%&^y`lp *d•s * ^ 1 pbk qds' + 176 * xs * (s0 * ,fou^
3, t < ^y`s * ^0`2U * y1 * os * y%s0
4, t < `y`0U * `0`+1G%+ .1 * qu , s0 + os1
5, t < &^y * oU'`0U * `0`+0U
6, t < _x `lp 0s * ^/ pbk1u * d`+/r
7, t < ^y`0G * &`0 * +/+s'`s
.-+ t < ^y` 0G%* ^0`U * o`0s
//, t;^y`*0U)&`/))s'`T)+ `0U
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x
'bi * ^0s'`+0T pf s ; H \ s = 1+.4+ U :
&\ * ]s'`+1U * y pf H z s 9R1
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00, t ;^g^\n0s )^0n`i0s )s`\ns * 4pbku
01, t < `y `lp 0s * ^0 pbk 0s * s pbk s + `lp s02, t < `{ * ^0„s +x`0U&1 pbk s * `lp s'03, t < @gpbk tr,h, `1 `lp s * gj`0U&1pbk 1s + `lp 1s'
0&)1 :WR_PVPV\`'mŠd- 303(
i- 1U11- ~ 03„0R
1, > < a+ g < f* x2 < l` , /Q2, U < 2 `\n 2/QU
4- b < %sw* qx'g-0
3+ s < U5+ s! < *./s < ,3U5/QU
5, V < +> pbk 2!& pfbkal > mlpfqfsl
zpbko * 0 , blp o pf N9R o 9R0/Q*6, F&o':
pbk o pf o99880/Q
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01) Pjgp^dji`n \ gjn `e`m^d^djn
SRj S
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7-11 Dgbo`f`flp 'mŠd-310(
f+ s$ * he< N/+ s$ * /s < N1, ss$ * s < N
1+ rs$ * s < N2+ /rs$ * s < N
00- %r/ * s/ * H(v&, /rs < N./+ %r/ * /rs * s/ * /&s$ * s/ * /rs * r/ * 1 < N.1+ s * t < ,0 bp ^ i^ sbw rk^ `ros^ fkqbdo^i v rk^ fpl`ifk^.2+ s < ?r * ?/8 bkslisbkqb9 s < ,iu1
4, %r/ * v1 , .&s$ * /rs < N
5, %r * E&s$ * rs < N6, %r/
* 2'/% + V < N6+ s$ * s q^k s < N
0/- T i , r/ s$ * s/ * H < N
7-13 Dgbo`f`flp 'mŠd- 313(
i- v2 < 8ds2 * B1- blp s < Bbi.b!p t,(-(
4-00-
01-02-
03-04-05-
s%? * i^d Gt * 00( < iU * 1 < ?%s * 0&_T
s/(/w:?
%s* &_*0t < _T%_imr * pbk r& * Br/ * 0 < ?%s/ * 0(X&s' < 0`s+.
X&s' < U4u1 * 0X&s' < &,i^d'0 * s/&
W%r& < ~ 0: W%r& < pbk %r * B( : q^j_f‹k+ ^nrbii^p crk`flkbp `lkqfkr^p `rv^p doŠcf`^p
mrbabk l_qbkbopb rkfbkal mlo`flkbp ab i^p `ros^p u < pbk %r * a( `lk mlo`flkbp abi^p ob`q^p u < ~ 0- Tkl ab q^ibp bgbjmilp bp x%r&< , 0 m^o^ r 94 N+x%r&< pbk %r * x/Q'm^o^ /94 r 94 2&06!+ x%r&< 0 m^o^ r w 2&06!
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3+ U < ?%r * 0&_T
6- ^obq^k t * ^obpbk s < B7- '0 * s/&%E * r/& < ?r/
6+ t2&U * 1( < ?%r * 1(0/- 0 * s/ < ?r/`r/
7-15 Dgbo`f`flp 'mŠd- 318(
/+ r/ * s/ < B
1, s < r ild x?rf
1+ r/ * s/ < ?r1
2+ s/ < ?%r/ * s/&0
3+ r/ * /?s < ?/) B = N4+ s%?r/ * 0( < s
s7- ^obq^k , * ild Guh< B
t
s T s08- , , ,- * ild , < B
s t s
0/ q^k H< @`T
, 0s
00- %r * s&0 < ?T2s2
Pjgp^dji`n \ gjn `e`m^d^djn 670
7-17 Dgbo`f`flp ab obm^pl 'mŠd- 323(
5, st < A5+ t0 + ild 'pbk1 r& < B6+ &s + @'0 * t0 < B1,0
.-+ s0 * t0 + @&s * t' * 1 < N00- V < , 0s ild s
0- 1s + /s < B
/+ s0 + t0 < A1, s0 * t0 + @s * H < N1+ 0s0 * t0 < B4- 1v1 , s/ < B3+ s/ < T * B
0/0, V < , fsgjbs
.0+ X&s' < Bu!+ l X&s' < ?TE,`f
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05- @_plirq^jbkqb `lksbodbkqb
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'b( +5s * /s * 0u < ,8'a( ',z+,T+T&,(
'a( 0s * 1t * 0u * 04 < N
02-10 Dgbo`f`flp 'mŠd-504(
1, m < `_-&/ + ` pbk 7(: m < +`_-&/ * ` pbk 7(1+ ` < 0+ ^ < 13, ` < p+_ < 53+ ` < + ^ < 54+ ` < 1+ ^ < 0
6, ` < 1+ _ < 1
Pjgp^dji`n \ gjn `e`m^d^djn 680
6+ ` < 0+ ^ < 3.-+ ^ < 4+ m < 14.'0/ * 2 `lp %d* 3pbk'g(00- ^ < 4+ m < 14.'4 * 3 `lp %d* 2 pbk %d&
./+ ^ < fU1+ m < 0.'`lp 7 * pbk %d* {U1(+ m < 0.'`lp %d* pbk 7 , {U1(
02- '^( m < 0+4 u 0/7.'0 * `lp 7(: 6+4 W 0/6 Jj '_( m < 4 u 0/6.'0 , `lp 7(:
1-4 V 0/6 Jj
02-13 Dgbo`f`flp 'mŠd- 510(
0- Bbkqolbk'/+/(:cl`lpbk'€7+/(: s‹oqf`bp bk '€HN+N(: `;o1- Bbkqol bk 'N+N(: cl`lp bk 'N+ €7(: s‹oqf`bp bk 'N+ € 0/(: ` < q
2- Bbkqol bk '1+ ,2(: cl`lp bk '1 €U6+ z2(:s‹oqf`bp bk '5+ ,2(+',1+ ,2(: ` <U6.3
3- Bbkqol bk '/+/(: cl`lp bk'€z+N(: s‹oqf`bp bk '€z+N(: ` <q
4- Bbkqol bk 'N+N(: cl`lp bk ' €U2.5+ N(: s‹oqf`bp bk '€U2.2+ N(: ` < f5- Bbkqol bk ',0+ ,1(: cl`lp bkb ,0+0(+ ',0+ ,4(: s‹oqf`bp bk ',0+2(+ ',0+ ,6(: `; e5, 5s/ * 05v1 < 6
%r * U %s* 3(17- 05 *,8, < 0
%r * 2(1 %s* 3(18- 8 * 05 < 0
%r * 3(10/- 8 * %s* 1(1 < 0
%r * 7(1 %s* 1(100- 14 * 8 < 0
%r * 1(1 %s* 0(101- 05 * ,3, < 0
02- Bbkqol bk '/+/(: cl`lp bk'€1U30+/(: s‹oqf`bp bk '€HN+N(: ` <U30.4
03- Bbkqol bk '/+/(: cl`lp bk'N+ €1U30(: s‹oqf`bp bk 'N+ €0/(: ` <U30.4
04- Bbkqolbk',2+2(:cl`i-R bk',2 €U4+2(: s‹oqf`bp bk ',0+2(+',4+2(: ` <U4.1
05- Bbkqol bk 'N+N(: cl`lp bk'€4+/(: s‹oqf`bp bk '€3+/(: ` < 4.306- Bbkqol bk 'N+N(: cl`lp bk'N+ €2(: s‹oqf`bp bk 'N+ €1(: ` <q
07- Bbkqol bk '0+ ,1(: cl`lp bk'0 €U02+ ,1(: s‹oqf`bp bkq'2+ ,1(+',0+ */&8_ <fU02
s0 t008- 3! , 01 < 0
0., t0 + s0 < 0
s/ v110- !3 , 05 < 0
%r * 0(100, %s* 3(1 , 2 < 0
5%s* 2(1 2%r * 1(112- 16 , 16 < 0
02+ Pjgp^dji`n \ gjn `e`m^d^djn
13- €U[203, 2s0 + t0 < 00
15- U‹oqf`b bk 'N+N(: afob`qofw s < 1: bgbt < N10- U‹oqf`b bk 'N+N(: afob`qofws < ,e: bgbt < N
17- U‹oqf`b bk 'p+0(: afob`qofws < ,z: bgbt < 018- U‹oqf`b bk 'N+N(: afob`qofwt < , z: bgbs < N2/- U‹oqf`b bk 'N+N(: afob`qofw t < 1: bgb s < N
20- U‹oqf`b bk ',1+ ,p(: afob`qofwgv < +,ga9 bgb s < ,1
10, s0 < +t11, t0 < 6s
01+ %r * 3(1 < *5%s * 2(02+ %s * 0(1 < 2%r * c&03+ %r * f,I1 < 1'v * c&15, %s* 2(1 < +6&s + 0(
16, s0 + 2st * 3. * 2.s * 0.t + 0// < N
02-14 Dgbo`f`flp s^oflp pl_ob `Žkf`^p 'mŠd- 512(
0+ ? = N+ = < i'i * S3'?.+ c\b4- 056S5- '^( p '_( 16S 'b( 376S.4/, T0-Y0 * t0-/4 < 06, s0 + 0st * t0 + 0s + 0t < 0
7, t0 + 2s0 + 2t * 2s < N
0/- '^( ` < S0-&k * 1(: cl`lp bk 'T1+N( u ',T1+ N(04- '_( V < @s/) B {{5 N05- '3+7(00- ']( s < p] '^( 0/kl0 < 2\1
.5+ %r * $(1 * %s* q(1 < q
'_( 4s0 + 1g < 3
?[j•nofi .1
03-3 Dgbo`f`flp 'mŠd- 521(
0- m&o' < '0+ 0o*1o0 * 2o1'9 C!&o' < 'N+1+4o*/0o0'
0, m&o' < ' ,pbk o*pbk1q+1 blp 0o*pb`1 o(9 C!&o' < ' ,`lp o*0 `lp 0o*+2 pbk1q+ 1 pb`! qq^k o'1, C&-' < ''0 , /0'+/-0* ,'0 , '1(,0.1(: C!&-' < &/&/ * '1(,&2.1+,.'0 * '1(,2.1(
2, C&o' < &0`o*1`o'9 C!&o' < &0`o*1`o'
3, C%&o'< 'pboceo*1 `lpe 0o* [1`+0n&8 C!&o' < '`lpe .) 3 pbke 0o*b`+0n&
4, C%&o'< &0o-&F* o0'*0.'0 * o/&) +0--&/ * o0~9
C!&o' < ''1 , 0o0'-&F * o0'0* +0o-&F * .0'0* '501 , 1(.'0 * '1(2(7- 'p+z+a,G(
8- '0 ,pT1+ pT1+ild pT1(
Pjgp^dji`n \ gjn `e`m^d^djn 02,
&g)` g)`'
0/- ild ,1, +0 , ild ,1,
00- .*`+0*/+0-`'
01- N/3, D%&o'< C&o' t m&o'
0., C&o' < -yo1> * do0? * o` * A00, m& ' < >* C&1' < x5 * 2 ild 1'>01, C&s' < `U&s * /'> + `>
03-6 Dgbo`f`flp 'mŠd- 530(
0- q&o'< '2 , 1o0'9 * 4oe * '2 * 1o0'f9 \&o' < +4o9 * 5g * 4of9 q&o'< 2U1- N * o0'
0, b'o( < ,pbk od * blp og * `%f9 \&o' < ,blp od +pbk og * `%f9 q&o'< N * `0o'g-0
1, q&o'< 2'blp o + opbko'9 * 1&n`io * o blp 0(g * 2f9 \&o' < ,2'1 pbk o * o blp o'9 )2'1 blp o + opbko'e9 q&o'< &7o0* 14(0.1
o o2, q&o'< N , blp 0(: * n`ioe * 1 blp 1-f9 \&o' < n`io d * blp oe + pbk1-f9 q&o'< 1
3, q&o'< Pod * 4o0e * 1f9 \&o' < 5: * 01qg: q&o' < 4o0 * 24, q&o';9)`jnoe)n`iof9 \&o';+n`ioe)`jnof9 q&o';S0,
7, > < \]jm%*? < \0r1
00- '_( 6„o-`jn0 _04- '^( s&o' < 3 blp 0o* t& ' < 2 pbk 0o '_( s0-/4 * t0/7 < 0
/4, 1Q-2
03-8 Dgbo`f`flp 'mŠd- 535(
0- '^( Q < ,qlU1 ',2: * 3g * 3f'9 K < ,z: , qf '_( \ < 01U1 Q * 4K
N * €!&8* `/!e * `mf1- '^( Q < ,N * `0!'+/-0e * `!L * „!'+/-0f9 K < ,,,,,,,,
'0 * `0!'/-0&/ * 1‹!(i.1'_( \ < N * `0!'+/-0X`0!Q * '0 * 0`0!'/-0KZ
2- '^( P < z: * we8 J < f '_( \ < 3J
3- '^( P <:: J < ,fU1 'g * e&8 '_( \ < U1 J4- '^( Q < 0'1: * 0e * f'9 K < T * 1g , 0f' '_( \ < /0Q * 4K
5- '^( Q < fU1: * qf* df9 K < ,fU1g * fU1 f '_( \ < K8- Blkqo^bgbjmil m^o^ _( v a(9 jlsfjfbkql pl_ob rk^ e‹if`b
00- Tk bgbjmil9 m&o'< 0a`0o blp o _od * 0a`0o pbkq _oZ * `0of9 q&o' cloj^ rk Škdril
`lkpq^kqb `lk e) mbol \&o' krk`^ bp `bol kf m^o^ibil ^ q&o'
01- '^( Blkqo^of^ ^ i^p ^drg^p abi obilg '_( 2 'b( 0/Q-S1/1, s/-1 * t/-2 < 0/2, t0 < 2s9 v1 < c , 2s
04- '_( GG?GGGG@GGpbk '(
03-02 Dgbo`f`flp 'mŠd-544(
0- 6\
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02- Pjgp^dji`n \ gjn `e`m^d^djn
1, 0/Q0\
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0- '0( ,.4 '1( '0 * 0`0mm'g 0&/ * `0mm'+1-0 '2( 154 '3( 0U1 '4( +9wd '5( e0
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./+ S0d * U1g
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Pjgp^dji`n \ gjn `e`m^d^djn 684
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5+ 5Q&5Q0 * 0(001 * ild '6S * U 6S1 * 0(
8- U1 &`! + 0(0/- 300- 7
02- '^( &.0 * /'1-0-&.0 * 1( '_( U1 `6 'b( s 1 * U1 'a( U1
04- m< %j`+6lil: _i^k`l bk bi lofdbk+ mrkql ab m^oqfa^ abi `lebqb m< &/&%F < N:\ bp bi Škdril+ N ; \ ; $.P) abqbojfk^al mlo q v +m9 m^o^ N ; \ ; $.P,/ bi `^jfkl bprk^ bpmfo^i m^o^ i^ nrb mx N `r^kal %F `ob`b fkabcfkfa^jbkqb: m^o^ \ < $.P,/ bp rk^`fo`rkcbobk`f^ bk qlokl ^i lofdbk: m^o^ $.P,/ ; \ ; $.P bp rk^ bpmfo^i m^o^ i^ nrb m`ob`b fkabcfkfa^jbkqb `r^kal %F `ob`b fkabcfkfa^jbkqb-
05- SŽjbpb `ljl bgb s mlpfqfsl i^ ob`q^ nrb s^ abpab i^ mlpf`fŽk l_pbos^a^ ^ `r^qol jfii^pab afpq^k`f^ ^ i^ _^pb ab i^kw^jfbkql- Blkqfk•bpb ^ il i^odl ab bpq^ ob`q^ qobp jfii^p'm^o^ bsfq^o i^ mlpf_fifa^a ab nrb bi molvb`qfi srbis^ ^ i^ _^pb( v abpmr‹p pb pfdrb i^bpmfo^i l < k6-SO
06- ild U r0 * t0 * ^obq^k %s,r& < B
03-10 Dgbo`f`flp ab obm^pl 'mŠd-560(
0- q^k N' < q^k _,%/ * q^k! K&
2- %_,g/)/_,g&3- '^( t + Ui < g%r * ri& * ^gh9 q^kdbkqb bk Huƒ* _,g/)si * /_,g&
'_( U * Ui < g%r * ri& * ]h€8 q^kdbkqb bk %ri * /_g) Ui -* _g0'
5- 'Xi , Ui&%U* Ui& < /_%r * Wi , /ri&8 rEU < /Fxr * TEUf8%Tf * ri&%U * Ui& < 1'Xi , Ui&%r * ri& * 'Wi , TK&%Uf* Ui&
6- '^&( 'N+ (
G'_( Dp`of_foP < 'N+]&s~, pf }a!&L' x N bkqlk`bp ]&s' ++)a&L' * ,, `r^kal U ,,* N-
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?[j•nofi .2
04-4 Dgbo`f`flp 'mŠd-57/(
0- pf 1- pf 2- pf 3- pf
02/ Pjgp^dji`n \ gjn `e`m^d^djn
4- Ml 02- pf 10- pf5- pf 03- Ml 11- pf6- pf 04- pf 12- Ml
7- pf 05- pf 13- pf8- pf 06- pf 14- Ml
0/- pf 07- pf 15- pf00- Ml 08- pf 16- pf
01- pf 1/- pf 17- pf
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04-80-
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grkql bp abmbkafbkqb: afj < 1 '_( fkabmbkafbkqb+ afj < 1 'b( pf \ x N+ fkabmbk!afbkqb+ afj < 2: pf \ < N+abmbkafbkqb+ afj < 1 'a( fkabmbkafbkqb: afj < 2'b( abmbkafbkqb: afj < 1 'b( fkabmbkafbkqb afj < 1 'c( fkabmbkafbkqb afj < 1
'e( abmbkafbkqb: afj < 1 'f( fkabmbkafbkqb: afj < 1 'g( fkabmbkafbkqb: afj < 1
04-01 Dgbo`f`flp 'mŠd-583(
0- '^( Ml '_( Ml 'b( Ml 'a( Ml 'b( pf
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00- 'b( 32 'a( b&o'< [%. +xo'* [ ^o_fqo^ofl01- '^( Ml '_( Ml 'b( Ml 'a( Ml02- 'b( 0 'a( `/ * 003- 'b( i -0i)g
Dgbo`f`flp 'mŠd- 575(
pf 1 4- pf 8- pf 02- pf! i
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04-05 Dgbo`f`flp 'mŠd-6/5(
0- '^( v '_( yU2 '0+0+0(+ e.5 '0+ ,1+0(
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5- | ,00ld1 2
Pjgp^dji`n \ gjn `e`m^d^djn 686
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Dgbo`f`flp 'mŠd- 603(
Kfkb^i: afjbkpfŽk abi k•`ibl N+ o^kdl 1Kfkb^i: afjbkpfŽk abi k•`ibl /+ o^kdl 1Kfkb^i: afjbkpfŽk abi k•`ibl 0+ o^kdl iKfkb^i: afjbkpfŽk abi k•`ibl 0+ o^kdl iMl ifkb^iMl ifkb^i
Ml ifkb^i
Ml ifkb^iKfkb^i: afjbkpfŽk abi k•`ibl /+ o^kdl 1
Kfkb^i: afjbkpfŽk abi k•`ibl /+ o^kdl 1Kfkb^i: afjbkpfŽk abi k•`ibl /+ o^kdl 1Kfkb^i: afjbkpfŽk abi k•`ibl /+ o^kdl 1
Ml ifkb^i
Kfkb^i : afjbkpfŽk abi k•`ibl /+ o^kdl 1Ml ifkb^iKfkb^i: afjbkpfŽk abi k•`ibl N+ o^kdl 2Kfkb^i: afjbkpfŽk abi k•`ibl 0+ o^kdl 1Kfkb^i: afjbkpfŽk abi k•`ibl /+ o^kdl 2Ml ifkb^i
Ml ifkb^iMl ifkb^iM l ifkb^iKfkb^i: afjbkpfŽk abi k•`ibl 0+ o^kdl 1
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'b( j%r& < [r/ * ]* [ u ] bp`^i^obp `r^ibpnrfbo^ 'a † Slal j ab S
20- '^( Nj%r& < 1: Oj%r& < 2 , r * r/8 Pjn sy < /r * 0r/ * r\ * rw7%OP&j%r& < 1 * 0r * r/ * r19 %PO&j%r& < 0r * r0 * r1
9 %PO&/W.%T&< Yr * r/ * r\9
%P/O/&j%T& < *r/ * r19 %O/P/&j%T& < 1 * 0r * r0 * r19 %PNO&j%r& < 0r8
%NOP&j%r& < 1'_( J%N& < uj Gj%K& < Ny: N%R& < uj Gj bp `lkpq^kqby: J%O& < uj GM bp `lkpq^kqby-O%R&< R8 p%P& < uKv8 P%R& < uj 0 j%K& < N\ 'a( m+q < O
'a( %PO&! < . * N8 O!Y!! < .10, Q kl bp rkl ^ rkl bk S mlonrb ^mif`^ qla^ pr`bpfŽk `lkpq^kqb bk i^ jfpj^ pr`bpfŽk-
Pjgp^dji`n \ gjn `e`m^d^djn 688
05-01 Dgbo`f`flp 'mŠd- 621(
0- ^( K^ j^qofw fabkqfa^a . < '.i{h(+ pfbkal .i{h < 0 pf d < e) X .i+h < N pf dl3e_( K^ j^qofw `bol M :%[xe&+ bk i^ nrb `^a^ bibjbkql [de:K+
b( K^ j^qofw %?E&de&)pfbkal %$&de&i^ j^qofw fabkqfa^a ab i^ m^oqb ^(
h90 N N
3=YyN
y[ Yy0
y[1- '^( '_( 'b( N 0 N0 N
N N 02- '^( *2c * 4d) 6c * ./d
'_( <R ,ziYyy[ 'b( Z,{ ,q\ YyzI6 &!3
3- Z,zziYyzI4- '^( 1d * 2e * 2f9 afjbkpfŽk abi k•`ibl N+o^kdl 2 '_( Z,z <y
,0 ,4
5 h:,y,y[6- '^( P%1c+e) e& < 'N+ ,1(: afjbkpfŽk abi k•`ibl 0+ o^kdl 1 '_( Zz ]z\
'b( <R ,z\ '`( bi :g* _/ < e) _0 < c) rg < '0+ 0(+ S/ < '0+ ,0(N
7- '^( '4+ N+,0(: afjbkpfŽk abi k•`ibl N+o^kdl 1 '_( he*cY'b( bi < c) _/ < d * d) rg < '0+ /+0(+ r/ < 'N+N+1(+ r0 < 'N+ 0+N(
8- '^( ',0+ ,2+ ,0(: afjbkpfŽk abi /&&&&!N+!!+N 1 '_( Z9 9\
'b( bi < c) `0 9c* c) Tg < '0+ /+0(+ T0 < 'N+ 0+N(+ r1 < 'N+/+0(
0/- '^( bi , `09 afjbkpfŽk abi k•`ibl N+o^kdl 1 '_( Zz z\ 'b( \ < 4+ ] < 3
00- ZN ,0\+ Z,0 N\0 N /,0
1)) Pjgp^dji`n \ gjn `e`m^d^djn
<R0 ?G hy
\
R=01- \ \ * \\ qI \
<R0
,9I Zz\
,9I02- \ \\ \
03-Zz zI Zz zI
04- X\ ,HI Z,0 \Z0 \ \+g
Yy,0 0 0Y,y\ \ ,z\\ \ ,0 1
05-\ \ +/ \ \ ,0
\ 0 \ \ \ \ ,0
06- Yy,9xYy,z\07- Z1 ,2y Z,4 ,01\
2 1 01,4
ny\ \
y[ Y0 \
y[ Yy\ \
y[0 \ \ 3 \ 108- '^( '^( 'b(
\ 1 \ \ \ \\ \ \ \ \ \
ny,0 \
,z\ ny\ \
\ ny\ ,7
,3z\\ '+ i \ \ \'a( 'b( 'b(
\ \ \ 3 \ \\ \ \ \ \ \
1/- DiŒg^pb%r1*r0* U* 0( `ljl _^pb m^o^ R) v %r0*r& `ljl _^pb m^o^ V- Dkqlk`bp i^ j^qofwab P@ bp
X4 \ \ \Z\ 1 \ \
Pjgp^dji`n \ gjn `e`m^d^djn 7/0
05-05 Dgbo`f`flp 'mŠd- /,(!
/, ? * B < Yy 9H+>? < Y\yy
5 ,4
>@ < Yy zi@>; Xx +x
3 ,05
,z9i?> < Z<360
09,17
xZ* >&0? [ 1@' < Y 2/,2/
7
,1\,7 +
03
,17\17
Zzzi^ v
X +0\ 8Z* \ v ] ^o_fqo^oflp1- '^( ] ^o_fqo^oflp '_(+0]
2- '^( \ < 8+ ] < 5+ b < 0+ _;3 '_( \ < 0+ ] < 5+ b < N+ _ < ,1
Z,9 ,1 ,0z\ Z,9 4 ,3\3- '^( 03 '_( 2 13
,6 4 ,4 01 ,16 N
5- >i < Zz R=Z`lp iL +n`iijZ
6- >i ;n`iiL `lp iL
6, >i < Z0 i i&i8 /'ZN 0 i
: :
8- Z,0Nz zI/., X\ ]Z* pfbkal ] u b ^o_fqo^oflp u \ bp rk^ plir`fŽk
b +\ `r^inrfbo^ ab i^ b`r^`fŽk \/ < +]`
00- '_( Zz z \ +pfbkal&\ ^o_fqo^ofl
01- Z0 N\+ Z,0 N\+ X X\N 0 N ,0 b
]Z* pfbkal'H
`r^inrfbo^ ab i^ b`r^`fŽk \0 < 0 , ]`
02- B < Z014 [2\+ A < Z232 038\7 6 [2 134
] X b ^o_fqo^oflp v \ bp rk^ plir`fŽk
7/1 Pjgp^dji`n \ gjn `e`m^d^djn
03- '_( %= * >&/ < =/ * => * >= * >/8 %= * >&%= * >& < =/ * >= * => * >/
'b( O^o^ ^nrbiilp nrb `lkjrq^k
05-1/ Dgbo`f`flp 'mŠd- 641(
0- %r)s) t& < 'b+,b+,p(1- Mfkdrk^ plir`fŽk2- 'u+ s) t& < '0+ ,0+ N( * o&,2+3+0(2, %r)s)t& <'0+ ,0+/( )o&+1*2*/'3, %r)s) u* p' < '0+0+ N+N( * o&/* 03+4+ N(
4, %r)s) t) o& < '0+ 7+N+,3( * o&0*6+ 2+N(6- %r)s) t) o) p&< o/& ,0+0+ N+N+N( * o0& ,0+ N+2+ ,2+0(6, %r)s) u* p' < '0+ 0+ 0+ ,0( * o/&,0+2+6+ N( * od2*8+ N+6(8- 'u+ t* t& < 'p+p+N( * o&3*0+ ,2(
0/- '^( 'u+s) t) o& < '0+5+2+ N( * o.%1)00+6+ N( * ogL*N+/+0(
'_( %r)t* t) o& < ',co+3+j+ N( * o&2*,00+6+11(
01- Z,z ,z ,9\
,2 4 3
02- Y<n y HN 0 N ,0 N 0z1
0 N N N N N
N N N 0 N ,005-
', N 0 N N N
N N N N N 01
8 N ', N 0 N
05-10 Dgbo`f`flp s^oflp pl_ob j^qof`bp 'mŠd- 643(
ZN /I Z0 /I i, \^
] I3- N N & ]N 0 & X 0 ] \ +alkab \ v ` plk ^o_fqo^oflp v \ bp
`r^inrfbo^ ab i^ b`r^`fŽk `r^aoŠqf`^ \0 + \ * ]` < N-
rk^ plir`fŽk
Pjgp^dji`n \ gjn `e`m^d^djn 1),
,GHY,0 ,GH,0& ,0 en
]>6:57 3<834\D:5?
@
@_bi+ `ofqbofl ab `lksbodbk`f^ ab+ 387cŽojri^ ab prj^`fŽk m^o`f^i ab+ 386
@QDK+ MHDKR GDMQHJ+ 386^_p`fp^+ 5/^`bibo^`fŽk+ 085+ 527
^kdri^o+ 555 'Dgbo`f`fl 08(bk `lloabk^a^p mli^obp+ 55/kloj^i+ 534o^af^i+ 534q^kdbk`f^i+ 534
^`lq^`fŽk ab crk`flkbp `lkqfkr^p+ 073^cfk^jfbkql ab rk^ m^oqf`fŽk+65Škdrilp bk rk bpm^`fl br`iŒabl+ 580
bk rk k,bpm^`fl+ 450^kqfabofs^a^ mofjfqfs^+ 14/ [OONKNMHTR+ 50/^molufj^`flkbp bk rk bpm^`fl br`iŒabl+ 6/3
mlo mlifkljflp+ 222,261+ 6/4mlo mlifkljflp qofdlklj‹qof`lp+ 6/4
@QANF@RS+ KNTHR+ 10/Šob^ `ljmobkafa^ bkqob alp `ros^p+ 0/8
ab rk `lkgrkql ab loabk^a^p+ 81ab rk `lkgrkql o^af^i+ 023bk `lloabk^a^p mli^obp+ 023abcfkf`fŽk ^ufljŠqf`^+ 6/,62
Šob^ abi pbdjbkql m^o^_Žif`l+ 3v qo^kpcloj^`flkbp mlo pbjbg^kw^+ 003
^odrjbkql ab rk k•jbol `ljmibgl+ 332@QPT†LDCDR+ 2,01+ 21^pfkqljŠqf`^jbkqb fdr^i+ 373^uflj^ ab `i^rpro^+ 564
ab `ljmibqfqra '`lkqfkrfa^a(+ 2/ab `rboml+ 11ab loabk+ 13abi buqobjl prmboflo+ 2/m^o^ bi Šob^+ 61
bi molar`ql bp`^i^o+ 577bi pfpqbj^ ab ilp k•jbol ob^ibp+ 11,2/bi slirjbk+ 027
@
A@QQNV+ HR@@B+081_^pb+ 3//+ 46/
ab ild^ofqjlp+ 173loqldlk^i+ 46/+ 585
Aboklriif+ abpfdr^ia^a ab+ 46 'Dgbo`f`fl 03(b`r^`fŽk afcbobk`f^i ab+ 271mlifkljflp ab+ 163 'Dgbo`f`fl 24(
ADQMNTKKH+ING@M+177+ 247+ 263+ 3/4ADQMRSDHM+RDQFDH+ 424
7/4
1)/ gi_d^` \ga\]„od^j
ANKX@H+ING@MM+ 47/ANKY@MN+ ADQM@QC+ 064ANNKD+ FDNQFD+ 02AQNTMBJDQ+ VHKKH@L+ 350+ 365
b
`Ši`ril ab `* 123ab ild^ofqjlp+ 183,185ab om*238 'Dgbo`f`fl 0/(ab o^Œ`bp r^ao^a^p+ 433 'Dgbo`f`flp 1/+ 10(
`^jml afob``flk^i+ 306B@MSNQ+ FDNQF+ 02+ 10B@QC@MN+ GHDQNMHLN+ 2B@TBGX+ @TFTRSfM,KlTHR+ 3+ 41+ 045+ 100+
116+ 237+ 34/+ 351+ 373+ 376+ 4/0+ 422B@U@KHDQH+ANM@UDMSTQ@+2+ 026B@XKDX+ @QSGTQ+ 435`bkqoŒcrd^+528`bkqoŒmbq^+528`bkqol ab do^sba^a+ 035`bol+ 11`f`ilfab+ 545 'Dgbo`f`fl 11(`fo`rfqlp bi‹`qof`lp+ 277+ 300`Œo`ril ab `lksbodbk`f^+ 413`fo`rkcbobk`f^+ 50+ 527`i^pb ab `lkgrkqlp+ 07`l`fbkqb fk`objbkq^i l ab afcbobk`f^p+ 082+
084+ 522`lbcf`fbkqb _fkljf^i+ 43+ 357+ 430
ab Elrofbo+ 6/4fkabqbojfk^al+ 3/5+ 3/6+ 43/ab s^of^`fŽk+ 085
ifd^al+ 106`lebqb `lk j^p^ s^of^_ib+ 301`lj_fk^`fŽk ifkb^i+ 451+ 571`ljmibjbkql ab rk `lkgrkql+ 06
loqldlk^i+ 6/ H`ljmlpf`fŽk ab qo^kpcloj^`flkbp+ 606`lkaf`fŽk fkf`f^i+ 265
kb`bp^of^ u prcf`fbkqb+ 370`lkdorbk`f^ ab `lkgrkqlp+ 60`lkgrkql ^`lq^al ab k•jbolp ob^ibp+18
`lksbul+ 027fkar`qfsl+ 16jbaf_ib+ 60+ 026ab loabk^a^p+ 61+ 63+ 64+ 81loqlkloj^i+ 46/+ 582o^af^i+ 023s^`Œl+ 05
`lkgrkqlp+ `i^pb ab+ 07afpgrkqlp+ 06
`lkqfkrfa^a ^ i^ abob`e^+ 045^ i^ fwnrfboa^+ 045ab i^p crk`flkbp abofs^_ibp+ 1//
`lkpq^kqb ab Dribo+ 384`lksbodbk`f^ ^_plirq^ ab pbofbp+385
`Œo`ril ab+ 413`lkaf`flk^i+ 385`ofqbofl ab @_bi+ 387ab fkqbdo^ibp fjmolmf^p+ 4/7+ 40/mrkqr^i+ 406ab pbofbp+358,41/ab pr`bpflkbp+ 353rkfclojb+ 410
`lloabk^a^p `fiŒkaof`^p+553mli^obp+ 022+ 55/ob`q^kdri^obp+ 5/+ 13/
`loobpmlkabk`f^ rkl ^ rkl+ 33/+ 4/2`ob`fjfbkql ab rk^ ml_i^`fŽk+ 281`ofqbofl abi `l`fbkqb+ 378
ab `ljm^o^`fŽk m^o^ i^ `lksbodbk`f^ abfkqbdo^ibp fjmolmf^p+ 40/
pbofbp+371,373ab `lksbodbk`f^+ 37/,388
ab @_bi+ 387ab Cfof`eibq+ 386ab F^rpp+ 380 'Dgbo`f`fl 06(ab Q^^_b+ 308 'Dgbo`f`fl 05(rkfclojb L ab Vbfbopqo^pp+412
fkqbdo^i+ 373ab i^ o^Œw+377
`ros^+ abcfkf`fŽk ab+ 522fkqbdo^i+ 306ilkdfqra ab rk^+ 537,544ab kfsbi+ 13/kl ob`qfcf`^_ib+ 538+ 545 'Dgbo`f`fl 11(ob`qfcf`^_ib+ 538
`ros^qro^+ 546
B
C@MCDKHM+FDQLHM@K N-- 500CDCDJHMC+ QHBG@QC+ 10abcfkf`fŽk cloj^i ab crk`fŽk+ 54
ab crk`fŽk `lkqfkr^+ 05/+ 34/+ 518mlo fkar``fŽk+ 37ab j^qofw+ 615+ 622mlo ob`roobk`f^+ 37
abjlpqo^`fŽk mlo di_p^^d‡i* 2.+23
gi_d^` \ga\]„od^j
abkpfa^a ab j^p^+ 035abmbkabk`f^ ifkb^i+ 456+ 572abofs^`fŽk ab crk`flkbp `ljmibg^p+ 34/
ab rk^ s^of^_ib+ 085ab s^of^p s^of^_ibp+ 128,133sb`qlof^ibp+ 517
fjmiŒ`fq^+108b fkqbdo^`fŽk ab pbofbpab mlqbk`f^p+ 418+
42/ild^oŒqjf`^+ 177
abofs^a^ i+„ndh\* .63abofs^a^p m^o`f^ibp+131,133
Šidb_o^ ab i^p+ 1/0ab loabk prmboflo+ 085+ 133
CDRB@QSDR+ QDM…+48+ 435abpfdr^ia^a ab Aboklriif+ 46
ab B^r`ev,R`et^ow+ 41+ 442+ 58/m^o^ bi pbkl v bi `lpbkl+ 007qof^kdri^o+ 41+ 333+ 445+ 580
bk rk bpm^`fl br`iŒabl+ 580m^o^k•jbolp `ljmibglp+ 333m^o^ k•jbolp ob^ibp+41m^o^ sb`qlobp+ 445
abpfkqbdo^`fŽk o^af^`qfs^+ 272abqbojfk^kqb+ 484af^do^j^ ab Ubkk+ 05afcbobk`f^ ab `lkgrkqlp+ 06
ab k•jbolp ob^ibp+11ab sb`qlobp+ 437
afjbkpfŽk ab rk bpm^`fl ifkb^i+ 574abi k•`ibl+ 601
afob`qofwab i^p pb``flkbp `Žkf`^p+ 501CHQHBGKDS+ODSDQ FTRS@U KDIDTMD+ 386afp`lkqfkrfa^a bsfq^_ib+ 051
fkcfkfq^+051ab p^iql+ 050
afpq^k`f^ ab rk mrkql ^ rk mi^kl+ 5/5ab rk mrkql ^ rk^ ob`q^+473bkqob alp mi^klp+ 5/6bkqob alp mrkqlp+ 333+ 454jbaf^ ^i Rli+ 577
aljfkfl ab rk^ crk`fŽk: 51+54+128+ 516+6/8
D
`* `Ši`ril ab+ 234b`r^`fŽk `^o^`qboŒpqf`^+3//
`^oqbpf^k^+50+ 472+ 5/5`r^aoŠqf`^+ 331afcbobk`f^i ab Qf`^qqf+271 'Dgbo`f`fl 08(
7/6
b`r^`flk eljld‹kb^ ab mofjbo loabk+ 314ifkb^i ab mofjbo loabk+ 266
ab pbdrkal loabk+ 283pbm^o^_ib+311plir`flkbp ab i^p pbofbpab mlqbk`f^p ab
i^+ 427,431crk`flk^i m^o^ i^ crk`fŽk bumlkbk`f^i+ 186
m^o^ bi ild^ofqjl+ 167ab K^mi^`b+ 262m^o^j‹qof`^+ 471+ 522
ab rk^ `fo`rkcbobk`f^+ 527ab rk^ bifmpb+528ab rk^ e‹if`b+ 530ab rk^ efm‹o_li^+ 531 'Dgbo`f`fl 01(ab rk^ ob`q^+471
bgb j^vlo ab rk^ bifmpb+507jbklo ab rk^ bifmpb+507qo^kpsbopl ab rk^ efm‹o_lib+ 507
bibjbkql `bol bk rk bpm^`fl ifkb^i+ 565ab rk `lkgrkql+ 03ab rk abqbojfk^kqb+ 484ab rk^ j^qofw+ 615+ 622jŠufjl+ 18jŒkfjl+ 18kbrqol m^o^ i^ ^af`fŽk+ 11
m^o^ i^ jriqfmif`^`fŽk+ 11bifmpb+5/8+ 501+ 508bkqbol fjm^o+ 24 'Dgbo`f`fl 0/(
m^o+24 'Dgbo`f`fl 0/(bkqlokl+ 046bkslisbkqb+ 307
ifkb^i+ 454+ 571boolo bk i^ cŽojri^ ab S^vilo+ 230+ 232bp`^i^o+ 436+ 463bpm^`fl br`iŒabl+ 467+ 577
`ljmibgl+ 577ob^i+ 577
crk`flk^i+ 566dbkbo^al mlo rk `lkgrkql ab sb`qlobp+ 571ifkb^i `ljmibgl+ 566
ob^i+ 566'sb`qlof^i(+ 564,567
rkfq^ofl+ 577sb`qlof^i `ljmibgl+ 462
DTBKHCDR+ 0/+ 466Dribo+ `lkpq^kqb ab+ 384DTKDQ+ KDNM@QC+173+ 350+ 384+ 402bu`bkqof`fa^a ab rk^ pb``fŽk `Žkf`^+ 501bumobpfŽkab`fj^i ab ilp k•jbolp ob^ibp+26+
368buqobjl fkcboflo 'l Œkcfjl(+ 20
1)1 gi_d^` \ga\]„od^j
buqobjl prmboflo 'l prmobjl(+ 2/buqobjlp ab rk^ crk`fŽk+ 111
ab rk fkqbos^il+ 63
D
c^jfif^ ab `ros^p+ 306+ 32/EDQL@S+OHDQQDCD+2+ 080EDQQ@QH+KNCNUHBN+2EHANM@BBH'Kblk^oal ab Ofp^(+ 352cl`lp ab rk^ `Žkf`^+ 50/cloj^ mli^o ab ilp k•jbolp `ljmibglp+ 337cloj^p fkabqbojfk^a^p+ 243,261cŽojri^ ab @_bi+ ab prj^`fŽk m^o`f^i+ 386
ab B^r`ev+ abi s^ilo jbafl+ 116ab Gbolk+ 5/3ab Kbf_kfw+m^o^ i^ abofs^a^ k,‹pfj^ ab rk
molar`ql+ 161 'Dgbo`f`fl 3(ab O^opbs^i+ 583ob`roobkqb+ 16/ 'Dgbo`f`fl 01(
cŽojri^p ab ^af`fŽk m^o^ pbklp v `lpbklp+ 008ENTQHDQ+INRDOG+045+ 6/4cob`rbk`f^ abi jlsfjfbkql ^ojŽkf`l pfjmib+
304crk`fŽk ^`lq^a^- 8/
`^o^`qboŒpqf`^+68 'Dgbo`f`fl 7(`ljmibg^+ 338`ljmrbpq^+ 061+ 606
`lkqfkrfa^a ab i^+ 062abofs^`fŽk ab i^+ 102+ 52/
`Žk`^s^+ 040+ 12/ab `lkgrkql+ 60`lksbu^+ 040+ 12/`lpbkl+ `lkqfkrfa^a ab i^+ 054+ 060
abofs^`fŽk ab i^+ 088b`r^`fŽk afcbobk`f^i m^o^ i^+ 284fkqbdo^`fŽk ab i^- 012+ 142molmfba^abp ab i^+ 007pbofb ab mlqbk`f^p ab i^+ 423
`lq^kdbkqb+ 017`ob`fbkqb+ 83ab`ob`fbkqb+ 83abcfkfa^ jbaf^kqb rk^ fkqbdo^i+ 037bibjbkq^i+ 234bumlkbk`f^i `ljmibg^+ 337
abcfkf`fŽk ab+ 185abofs^a^ ab i^+ 187fkqbdo^i ab i^+ 2/0pbofb ab mlqbk`f^p m^o^ i^+ 423
c^`qlof^i+ 53
crk`fŽk d^jj^+ 401+ 403 'Dgbo`f`fl 08(efmbo_Žif`^+ 2/6fabkqfa^a+ 52fjm^o+ 0/2 'Dgbo`f`fl 14(fjmiŒ`fq^+108fkqbdo^_ib+ 80fksbop^+ 068+ 2/8ifkb^i+ 55
^ qolwlp+ 041jlkŽqlk^+ 83
^ qolwlp+ 0(3
kl ^`lq^a^+ 78m^o+ 0/2 'Dgbo`f`fl 14(m^oqb bkqbo^+ 67mbofŽaf`^+ 006mlpf`fŽk+ 526+ 550o^`flk^i+ 1/2+ 205,215
fjmolmf^+ 206molmf^+ 207
pbkl bk bi mi^kl `ljmibgl+ 343 'Dgbo- 8(`lkqfkrfa^a ab i^+ 054+ 060b`r^`fŽk afcbobk`f^i m^o^ i^+ 284abofs^`fŽk ab i^+ 087fkqbdo^`fŽk ab i^+ 012+ 142pbofb ab mlqbk`f^p ab !i^+423molmfba^abp ab i^+ 007
q^kdbkqb+ 017sb`qlof^i+ 516wbq^ ab Qfbj^kk- 373
crk`flkbp ab Abppbi+432 'Dgbo`f`fl 0/(`lkqfkr^p+ ^`lq^`fŽk ab+ 073abofs^_ibp+ `lkqfkrfa^a ab+ 1//jlkŽqlk^p ^ qolwlp+ 83mlifkŽjf`^p+ 56
`lkqfkrfa^a ab i^p+ 052abofs^`fŽk ab i^p+ 1/2fkqbdo^`fŽk ab i^p+ 87+ 0/0ab alp s^of^_ibp+ 212
mlqbk`f^ibp+ 56+ 87ob^ibp+ 51qofdlklj‹qof`^p+ 006,022
`ljmibg^p+ 343 'Dgbo`f`fl 8(`lkqfkrfa^a+ 054+ 06/abofs^`fŽk ab+ 087molmfba^abp crka^jbkq^ibp+ 007abp`ofm`fŽk dblj‹qof`^+ 015doŠcf`^p ab i^p+ 021fkqbdo^`fŽk ab+ 012fksbop^p+ 2/8,202pbofbpab mlqbk`f^p m^o^ i^p+ 423
ab s^of^p s^of^_ibp+ 128
gi_d^` \ga\]„od^j
F
F@KHKDN+50/F@TRR+J@QK EQHDCQHBG+326+ 331+ 351+ 47/dbljbqoŒ^ `^oqbpf^k^+ 48
br`ifaf^k^+ 0/+ 466dbljbqoŒ^p kl ^onrfjbaf^k^p+ 21
kl br`iŒab^p+ 47/FHAAR+INRH@GVHKK@QC+434FQ@L+INQFDM ODCDQRNM+586FQ@RRL@MM+GDQL@MM+435FQDFNQX+I@LDR+365+ 381
G
G@C@L@QC+I@BPTDR+644G@LHKSNM+VHKKH@LQlt@M+ 326+ 434GD@UHRHCD+NKHUDQ+434e‹if`b+ 53/
`fo`ri^o+ 53/GHKADQS+C@UHC+466efm‹o_li^+ 5/8+ 501+ 508GNNJD+ QNADQS+51
0
fabkqfa^a ab K^do^kdb+ 481mfq^dŽof`^+ 007+ 447+ 464+ 6/2
fdr^ia^a ab `lkgrkqlp+ 03ab crk`flkbp+ 55ab k•jbolp `ljmibglp+ 327ab sb`qlobp+ 436+ 462
fkabmbkabk`f^ ifkb^i+ 456+ 572fkqbdo^_fifa^a ab crk`flkbp `lkqfkr^p+ 076
ab rk^ crk`fŽk `lkqfkr^+ 076ab rk^ crk`fŽk jlkŽqlk^+ 84
fkqbdo^`fŽk ab i^ crk`fŽk ild^oŒqjf`^+ 177ab crk`flkbp jlkŽqlk^p+ 86
o^`flk^ibp+ 2 05, 212qofdlklj‹qof`^p+ 012+ 142+ 212
mlo co^``flkbp pfjmibp+ 205,212mlo m^oqbp+155,158ab mlifkljflp+ 87mlo prpqfqr`fŽk+ 148,153
fkqbdo^i+ `ros^+ 306abcfkfa^+ abcfkf`fŽk ab i^+ 8/
molmfba^abp ab i^+ 88+ 0//biŒmqf`^+545 'Dgbo`f`fl 06(ab rk^ crk`fŽk ^`lq^a^+ 8/
1)2
fkqbdo^i ab rk^ crk`fŽk ^`lq^a^ `ljmibg^+ 34/bp`^ilk^a^+ 68sb`qlof^i+ 517
fjmolmf^ afsbodbkqb+ 4/7+ 400ab mofjbo^ bpmb`fb+4/7ab pbdrka^ bpmb`fb+4/7
fkabcfkfa^+ 037+ 053fkcboflo+ 80prmboflo+ 80
fkqbdo^kal+ 80fkqbomobq^`fŽkdblj‹qof`^ ab i^ abofs^a^+ 1/6
ab i^ fkqbdo^i+ 70+ 81+ 0/8fkqbopb``fŽk ab `lkgrkqlp+ 06fkqbos^il ^_fboql+ 63
`boo^al+ 63ab `lksbodbk`f^+ 417
fkqbos^ilp+ 63+ 268fksbop^ mlo i^ abob`e^+ 608+ 640
mlo i^ fwnrfboa^+ 607+ 64/fpl`ifk^p+ 311+ 317fpljlocfpjl+ 33/+ 625fplqboj^p+ 130+ 318
H
I•mfqbo+ 556
I
JDOKDQ+ING@MMDR+50/+ 556
J
K@FQ@MFD+INRDOGKNTiR+10/+ 3/4+ 434KDFDMCQD+@CQHDM,L@QHD+6//KDHAMHY+FNSSEQHDC+VHKGDKL+3+ 01+ 081+
100+ 146+ 161+ 263+ 382KDNM@QCNCD OHR@'Ef_lk^``f(+ 352ibv ^pl`f^qfs^ bk rk bpm^`fl ifkb^i+ 565
m^o^ i^ ^af`fŽk ab k•jbolp+ 11+ 327ab sb`qlobp+ 437
`ljmlpf`fŽk ab crk`flkbp+ 062+ 606jriqfmif`^`fŽk ab k•jbolp+ 11+ 327obrkfŽk b fkqbopb``fŽk ab `lkgrkqlp+ 07
`lkjrq^qfs^ bk Tk bpm^`fl ifkb^i+ 565m^o^ i^ ^af`fŽk ab k•jbolp+ 11+ 327
ab sb`qlobp+ 437molar`qlp bp`^i^obp+ 577
sb`qlof^ibp+ 442
70/ gi_d^` \ga\]„od^j
ibv+jriqfmif`^`fŽk ab k•jbolp+ 11+327obrkfŽk b fkqbopb``fŽkab `lkgrkqlp+ 07
afpqof_rqfs^ bk rk bpm^`fl ifkb^i+ 556m^o^ molar`qlp bp`^i^obp+442+ 577
sb`qlof^ibp+ 481k•jbolp+ 11+ 327lmbo^`flkbp `lk `lkgrkqlp+ 1/ 'Dgbo,
`f`fl 0/(ab Gllhb+ 51+ 033ab Mbtqlk ab bkcof^jfbkql+ 275
ab i^ do^sfq^`fŽk rkfsbop^i+ 557abi jlsfjfbkql+ 274+ 557
abi m^o^ibildo^jl+- 332+ 44/ibvbp ab `ob`fjfbkql+ 281+ 282
ab Jbmibo+ 556+ 557K&GŽm S@K+ FTHKK@TLD EQ@Mi:NHR @MSNHMD+
247iŒjfqbmlo i^ abob`e^+ 048
ab rk^ crk`fŽk+ 045fkcfkfql+255ab fkqbdo^`fŽk+353mlo i^ fwnrfboa^+ 048qblobj^p pl_ob+ 01+ 80
iŒjfqbpfkcfkfqlp+255,257^ rk i^al+ 048,05/
ifkb^ifa^a ab i^p abofs^a^p+ 1/0ab i^p fkqbdo^ibp+71+ 88ab i^p pbofbp`lksbodbkqbp+ 360ab ilp lmbo^alobp ab S^vilo+ 226
iŒkb^pbnrfmlqbk`f^ibp+ 318KNA@SBGDURJH+MHJNK@HHU@MNUHBG+47/ild^ofqjlp+ `Ši`ril ab+ 183,185
ab _^pb ]* 062` 'kbmbof^klp l k^qro^ibp(+170,173
ilkdfqra ab rk sb`qlo+ 443lqo^p abcfkf`flkbp ab+453 'Dgbo`f`flp 06+07(
ilkdfqra ab ^o`l `ljl fkqbdo^i+522abcfkf`fŽk+ 538+ 54/bk `lloabk^a^p mli^obp+554 'Dgbo`f`fl 3(
K
L@BGHM+INGM+ 238j^qof`bp ab G^a^j^oa+ 644 'Dgbo`f`fl 0/(j^qofw `bol+ 623
ab `lbcf`fbkqbp+631`lirjk^ 'sb`qlo `lirjk^(+ 615+ 623af^dlk^i+ 62/cfi^ 'sb`qlo cfi^(+ 623+ 635fabkqfa^a+ 625
j^qofw fksbop^+64/kl pfkdri^o+ 64/loqldlk^i+ 644 'Dgbo`f`fl 7(pfkdri^o+ 641rkfa^a+ 625
jŠufjl ^_plirql+ 073ab rk^ crk`fŽk+ 073
obi^qfsl ab rk^ crk`fŽk+ 111jbaf^ ^ofqj‹qf`^+ 46+ 034
mlkabo^a^+ 035^ojŽkf`^+ 46`r^aoŠqf`^+ 46 'Dgbo`f`fl 05(dblj‹qof`^+ 47 'Dgbo`f`fl 1/(ab mlqbk`f^p m,‹pfj^p+ 46+ 072
LDQB@SNQ+ MHBGNK@R+350+ 365Lbo`rofl+ 556j‹qlal ab bifjfk^`fŽk ab F^rpp,Iloa^k+ 634
ab bue^r`fŽk+ 3,8ab Fo^j,R`ejfaq+ 586ab ilp jŒkfjlp `r^ao^alp+ 128 'Dgbo`f,
`fl 14(jŒkfjl ^_plirql+ 073
ab rk^ crk`fŽk+ 073obi^qfsl ab rk^ crk`fŽk+ 111
jlabil ^k^iŒqf`l ab i^ dbljbqoŒ^ br`ifaf^k^+467j^qbjŠqf`l+ 272
jŽaril ab Tk k•jbol `ljmibgl+ 333jljbkql+ 035
ab fkbo`f^+ 035jlsfjfbkql ^ il i^odl ab rk^ `ros^+ 526
^ojŽkf`l+ 3/7`fo`ri^o+ 527ab rk `lebqb+ 301mbofŽaf`l+ 3/8+ 304+ 557
jriqfmif`^`fŽk ab crk`flkbp+ 57+ 66+ 052ab j^qof`bp+ 625ab k•jbolp+ 11+ 44+ 327ab qo^kpcloj^`flkbp+ 605ab sb`qlobp mlo bp`^i^obp+437+ 565
L
k,bpm^`fl+ 436MDODQ+ IT@M+ 173MDVSNM+ HR@@`+3+ 081+ 10/+ 263+ 351+ 50/+
528kloj^ ab rk sb`qlo+ 443
ab Tk bibjbkql bk Tk bpm^`fl ifkb^i+ 58Bkloj^i ^ rk^ `ros^ ^i^_b^a^+ 532
-i_d^` \ga\]„od^j
kloj^i ^ rk^ `ros^ mi^k^+ 536^ rk mi^kl+ 5/3^ rk^ ob`q^+472
klq^`fŽk -) 13.ab Kbf_kfwm^o^ abofs^a^p+ 100
m^o^ mofjfqfs^p+ 146k•`ibl+ 600k•jbol `ljmibgl+ ^odrjbkql ab rk+ 332
`bol+ 328`lkgrd^al+ 334
` '_^pb ab ilp ild^ofqjlp k^qro^ibp(+`Ši`rilabi+ 233
abcfkf`fŽk abi+ 173foo^`flk^ifa^a abi+ 234
om* Ši`ril abi+ 238 'Dgbo`f`fl 0/(abcfkf`fŽk abi+ 002
o^`flk^i+ 10+ 16+ 37/ob^i+ 10
k•jbolp `ljmibglp+ 326,344ab Efkl_^``f+ 46 'Dgbo`f`fl 05(+ 352foo^`flk^ibp+ 10+ 17+ 24+ 27+ 234mofjlp+ 34 'Dgbo`f`fl 00(+51+ 53
l
lmbo^`flkbp ^idb_o^f`^p `lk j^qof`bp+ 623+625
lmbo^alo+ abofs^`fŽk+ 10/+ 3/2+ 600afcbobk`f^+ 100fkqbdo^`fŽk+600ifkb^i+ 6/8ab S^vilo+ 225
Žo_fq^pab ilp mi^kbq^p+556,560loqldlk^ifa^a ab `ros^p+ 318
bk rk bpm^`fl br`iŒabl+ 580ab mi^klp+ 5/6ab ob`q^p+1/7abi pbkl v abi `lpbkl+ 020 'Dgbo`f`fl 20(ab sb`qlobp+ 446
m
m^oŠ_li^+ 3+ 56+ 5/8+ 501+ 51/m^o^_lilfab efmbo_Žif`l+ 130m^o^alg^ ab YbkŽk+ 346,351m^o^ibibmŒmbal+027m^o^ibifpjl ab mi^klp+ 472
ab ob`q^p+47/
700
m^o^ibifpjl ab sb`qlobp+ 440m^oŠjbqol+ 522m^obploabk^alp+ 5/+ 54+ 327O@QRDU@K+L@QJ,@MSNHMD+ 583m^oqf`fŽk+64
^cfk^jfbkql ab rk^+ 65O@RB@K+AK@HRD+2OD@MN+FHTRDOOD+ 10mbkafbkqb ab rk^ `ros^+ 1/6mbojrq^`fŽk+ 4/2mbombkaf`ri^ofa^a ab mi^klp+ 5/6
ab ob`q^p+1/7ab sb`qlobp+ 446
6n 'mf(+ Ši`ril ab+ 238 'Dgbo`f`fl 0/(mi^kl lp`ri^alo+ 533mi^klp+ 474,48/mlifkljfl `r^aoŠqf`l+ 56mlifkljflp ab Kbdbkaob+6//
ab S^vilo+ 224,23/mlpqri^alp ab Ob^kl m^o^ ilp k•jbolp bk,
qbolp+10mlqbk`f^ abi _fkljfl+ 44 'Dgbo`f`fl 3(+ 351+
430mofjfqfs^ '^kqfabofs^a^(+ 14/+ 146,158mofk`fmfl ab _rbk^ loabk^`fŽk+ 31
ab B^s^ifbof+ 026+ 027ab fkqbo`^i^`fŽk m^o^ iŒjfqbp+053
mol_ibj^ ab s^ilobp fkf`f^ibp+ 265mol_ibj^p ab mbopb`r`fŽk+ 32/molar`ql bp`^i^o 'fkqboflo(+442+ 463+ 576
jfuql 'bp`^i^o qofmib(+487sb`qlof^i+ 480
moljbafl+ 46+ 072molmfba^a ^afqfs^ abi Šob^+61
ab i^p abofs^a^p+ 1/0abi buqobjl prmboflo v abi buqobjl fk,
cboflo+ 22ab i^ fkqbdo^i+71+ 72+ 88+ 52/ab i^ ilkdfqra abi ^o`l+ 540
ab ilp moljbaflp+ 036 'Dgbo`f`fl 02(ab i^p pbofbp`lksbodbkqbp+ 360
ab i^p prj^p cfkfq^p+38abi qo^_^gl+ 031abi slirjbk+ 027
^onrfjbaf^k^ ab ilp k•jbolp ob^ibp+21ab bue^r`fŽk abi Šob^+61eljld‹kb^ ab i^p fkqbdo^ibp+Q1
ab i^p pbofbp+360ab i^z prj^p cfkfq^p+38
ab jlklqlkŒ^ abi Šob^+62
701 gi_d^` \ga\]„od^j
molmfba^aabi moljbafl+ 036 'Dgbo`f`fl 02(abi qo^_^gl+031abi slirjbk+ 027
qbibp`Žmf` ab ilp molar`qlp+ 44ab i^p pbofbp+361ab i^p prj^p grkq^p+38
molvb``flkbp+ 448,450+ 6/1mrkql `oŒqf`l+12/
cfgl+068 'Dgbo`f`fl 4(ab fkcibufŽk+122ab rk^ oba+63 'Dgbo`f`fl 3(
P
Q@@AD+INRDE KTCVHF+ 380o^afl ab `lksbodbk`f^+ 413
ab `ros^qro^+ 546ab dfol+ 036
o^Œ`bpr^ao^a^p+ 24`Ši`ril ab+ 433 'Dgbo`f`flp 1/+ 10(
ab ilp k•jbolp `ljmibglp+ 343 'Dgbo`f,`fl 7(
o^Œwk,‹pfj^+ 26+ 067o^kdl+ 601ob`Œmol`l+12+ 328ob`loofal ab rk^ crk`fŽk+ 54+ 6/8ob`q^'p(+abcfkf`fŽk&ab i^+ 467
b`r^`fŽk `^oqbpf^k^ ab i^+ 472bk rk k,bpm^`fl+467
sb`qlof^i ab rk^+ 470m^o^ibifpjl ab+ 47/mbkafbkqbab rk^+ 1/6+ 472q^kdbkqb+1/6+ 523sb`qlo kloj^i ^ rk^+ 472
obcib`qlo biŒmqf`l+524m^o^_Žif`l+524
obdfŽk bp`^ilk^a^+ 60obdi^ ab i^ `^abk^+ 102+ 52/
ab Bo^jbo+ 5/1ab H&GŽmfq^i+246,255ab Kbf_kfwm^o^i^p pbofbp iqbok^a^p+382
obloabk^`fŽk ab pbofbp+4/0,4/5obmobpbkq^`fŽk_fk^of^+37/
arlab`fj^i+ 37/ab j^qof`bp+ 615
obpql ab B^r`ev bk i^ cŽojri^ ab S^vilo+237
ab K^do^kdb bk i^ cŽojri^ ab S^vilo+ 237bk i^ cŽojri^ ab S^vilo+ 230,237
obrkfŽk ab `lkgrkqlp+ 06
QHDL@MM+FDNQF EQHDCQHBGADQM@QC+3+373+4/4
QNADQU@K+FHKDR ODQRNMDCD+ 2QNAHMRNM+@AQ@G@L+100QNKKD+ LHBGDK+ 113
p
RBGLHCS+ B@QK+ 585pb``flkbp `Žkf`^p+ 5/8,501RDHCDK+OGHKKHOOKTCUHF UNM+407 -pbofb^ojŽkf`^+ 36/
_fkŽjf`^+ 351+ 430afsbodbkqb+358ab Fobdlov+ 381ab mlqbk`f^p m^o^ i^ crk`fŽk ild^oŒqjf`^+
365+ 420ab S^vilo ab rk^ crk`fŽk+ 421
pbofbp^_plirq^jbkqb `lksbodbkqbp+ 385^iqbok^a^p+381^ojŽkf`^+ 36/`lkaf`flk^ijbkqb `lksbodbkqbp+ 385`lksbodbk`f^ mrkqr^i ab+ 410`lksbodbkqb v afsbodbkqb+358bumlkbk`f^ibp++423dblj‹qof`^p+ 363,366ild^oŒqjf`^p+420ab mlqbk`f^p+413,424abi pbkl v abi `lpbkl+ 423ab S^vilo+ 421qbibp`Žmf`^p+361rkfclojbjbkqb `lksbodbkqbp+ 410
pfjbqoŒ^^iqbok^a^+481pfpqbj^ `lloabk^al lofbkq^al bk pbkqfal af,
ob`ql+ 483obqoŽdo^al+483
pfpqbj^p abar`qfslp+ 0/ab b`r^`flkbp eljld‹kb^p+ 632
ifkb^ibp+631pŽifal ab B^s^ifbof+ 026plir`fŽk ab rk^ b`r^`fŽk afcbobk`f^i+263RSNQDR+ FDNQFD F@AQHDK+408pr_`lkgrkqlp+ 04pr_bpm^`flp ab rk bpm^`fl ifkb^i+ 570pr`bpfŽk ^`lq^a^+ 355
`ob`fbkqb+354ab`ob`fbkqb+355afsbodbkqb+353jlkŽqlk^+ 355kl ^`lq^a^+ 355
gi_d^` \ga\]„od^j
pr`bpflkbp+ 351,355+ 406,411prj^ ab rk^ pbofb `lksbodbkqb+ 358prj^`fŽk m^o`f^i+cŽojri^ ab @_bi+386prj^p m^o`f^ibp+348+ 358prmbocf`fb+13/
S
S@QS@FKH@+2S@XKNQ+ AQNNJ+ 224qblobj^ ab Abokpqbfk+424
ab Aliw^kl+ 064ab i^ `lkqfkrfa^a rkfclojb+ 075ab i^ abofs^a^ kri^+ 14/+ 340&crka^jbkq^i abi Šidb_o^+331ab OfqŠdlo^p+50ab obloabk^`fŽk ab Qfbj^kk+ 4/4ab Qliib+ 113abi s^ilo fkqbojbafl m^o^ crk`flkbp `lk,
qfkr^p+ 066m^o^ abofs^a^p+ 117 'Dgbo`f`fl 0/(
abi s^ilo jbafl+ buqbkpfŽk abi+ 116-m^o^ abofs^a^p+ 113m^o^ fkqbdo^ibp+078+ 157mlkabo^al+ 078
ab ilp s^ilobp buqobjlp m^o^crk`flkbp `lk,qfkr^p+ 075
qblobj^p ab bufpqbk`f^+266+ 284pl_ob crk`flkbp `lkqfkr^p+ 052+ 062,078crka^jbkq^ibp abi `Ši`ril+ 136+ 140+ 52/
fkqbdo^i+136+ 140+ 52/ab rkf`fa^a+ 266+ 286
qbloŒ ab `lkgrkqlp+ 02,08ab Blm‹okf`l+ 556
SNQQHBDKKH+DU@MFDKHRS@+2qo^_^gl+030+ 031qo^`qofw+321qo^kpcloj^`fŽk `bol+ 60/
fa‹kqf`^+ 601fksbop^+607+ 608ifkb^i+ 6/8ab Klobkqw+643mlo pbjbg^kw^+ 002+ 317rkl ^ rkl+ 610
qo^kpmrbpq ab rk^ j^qofw+ 644 'Dgbo`f`fl 6(
702
qo^vb`qlof^ loqldlk^i 318qofŠkdril ab O^p`^i+43 'Dgbo`f`fl 2(
s
s^ilo jbafl ab rk^ crk`fŽk 034,036s^ilobp ^_plirqlp+ 4/+ 333 &s^of^`fŽk ab `lkpq^kqbp+3/4
jbaf^+ 082sb`qlo `bol+ 437
`ljmlkbkqbp ab rk+ 436afob``fŽk ab rk+ 440q^kdbkqb+523rkfq^ofl q^kdbkqb+532sbil`fa^a ^kdri^o+ 555 'Dgbo`f`fl 08(
sb`qlobp+ ^af`fŽk v prpqo^``fŽk ab 437Škdril ab alp+ 45/+ 464 'Dgbo`f`fl 6(`lloabk^alp rkfq^oflp+ 450dblj‹qof`lp+ 438fdr^ia^a ab+ 436jriqfmif`^`fŽk mlo bp`^i^obp+437loqldlk^ifa^a+ 446
sbil`fa^a+ 083+ 526^kdri^o+ 528+ 555 'Dgbo`f`fl 08(bk `lloabk^a^p mli^obp- 55/jbaf^+ 082 -
Ubkrp+ 556s‹oqf`b ab rk^ bifmpbl efm‹o_li^+ 507
ab rk^ m^oŠ_li^+ 51/sf_o^`flkbp+ 3/8
^jloqfdr^a^p+ 3/8sfa^ jbaf^+ 272slirjbk+ abcfkf`fŽk ^ufljŠqf`^ abi 027
ab i^ bpcbo^+03/ &ab pŽifalp ab obslir`fŽk+ 03/ab pŽifalp ab pb``fŽk `lkl`fa^+ 028
t
V@KKHR+INGM+ 2VDHDQRSQ@RR+J@QK+ 10+ 408+ 412VQNMRJH+ I- L- GNDMD+ 3/1tolkphf^kl+ 3/1 'Dgbo`f`fl 10(+ 3/3