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Transcript of Calculation Sheet
A. CALCULATION SHEET
MICROWAVE PATH DATA CALCULATION SHEETCUSTOMER UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
PROJECT NO. 1 FREQUENCY 6.585 GHzSITE A RLATITUDE 15o5’40.54”N 14o53’2.43”NLONGITUDE 120o46’3.03”E 121o3’24.55”ESITE ELEVATION (m) 10 100TOWER HEIGHT (ft) 50 200TOWER TYPE SS SSAZIMUTH FROM TRUE NORTH 126o3’00.91” 306o3’02.82”PATH LENGTH (km) 41PATH ATTENUATION (dB) 140.4259425RIGID WAVEGUIDE (m) N/A N/AFLEXIBLE WAVEGUIDE (m) 20.1 22.1WAVEGUIDE LENGTH (m) 20.1 22.1WAVEGUIDE LOSS (dB) 0.9140475 1.0049975CONNECTOR LOSS (dB) 0.5 0.5CIRCULATOR OR HYBRID LOSS (dB) N/A N/ARADOME LOSS (dB) 0.5u 0.5uTOTAL FIXED LOSSES (dB) 1.9140475 2.0049975TOTAL LOSSES (dB) 144.3449875PARABOLA HEIGHT (m) 14 16PARABOLA DIAMETER (ft) 8 8REFLECTOR HEIGHT (m) N/A N/AREFLECTOR SIZE, TYPE (m) N/A N/APARABOLA REFLECTOR SEP. (m) N/A N/AANTENNA SYSTEM GAIN (dB) 42.21197799 42.21197799TOTAL GAINS (dB) 84.42395599NET PATH LOSS (dB) 56.8930423TRANSMITTER POWER (dBm) 29MED. RECEIVED POWER (±2 dB) (dBm) -31.8120873RECEIVER NOISE THRESHOLD N/ATHEORETICAL RF C/N RATIO N/APRACTICAL THRESHOLD (dBm) -72FADE MARGIN (dB) 40.1879127RELIABILITY (%) 99.99779896PROFILE NUMBER 1
Date: January 13, 2007
MICROWAVE PATH DATA CALCULATION SHEETCUSTOMER UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
PROJECT NO. 1 FREQUENCY 6.729 GHzSITE R ALATITUDE 14o53’2.43”N 15o5’40.54”NLONGITUDE 121o3’24.55”E 120o46’3.03”ESITE ELEVATION (m) 100 10TOWER HEIGHT (ft) 200 50TOWER TYPE SS SSAZIMUTH FROM TRUE NORTH 306o3’02.82” 126o3’00.91”PATH LENGTH (km) 41PATH ATTENUATION (dB) 140.8714704RIGID WAVEGUIDE (m) N/A N/AFLEXIBLE WAVEGUIDE (m) 22.1 20.1WAVEGUIDE LENGTH (m) 22.1 20.1WAVEGUIDE LOSS (dB) 0.97903 0.89043CONNECTOR LOSS (dB) 0.5 0.5CIRCULATOR OR HYBRID LOSS (dB) N/A N/ARADOME LOSS (dB) 0.5u 0.5uTOTAL FIXED LOSSES (dB) 1.97903 1.89043TOTAL LOSSES (dB) 144.7409304PARABOLA HEIGHT (m) 16 14PARABOLA DIAMETER (ft) 8 8REFLECTOR HEIGHT (m) N/A N/AREFLECTOR SIZE, TYPE (m) N/A N/APARABOLA REFLECTOR SEP. (m) N/A N/AANTENNA SYSTEM GAIN (dB) 42.21197799 42.21197799TOTAL GAINS (dB) 84.42395599NET PATH LOSS (dB) 56.44751441TRANSMITTER POWER (dBm) 29MED. RECEIVED POWER (±2 dB) (dBm) -31.31697441RECEIVER NOISE THRESHOLD N/ATHEORETICAL RF C/N RATIO N/APRACTICAL THRESHOLD (dBm) -72FADE MARGIN (dB) 40.68302559RELIABILITY (%) 99.99793275PROFILE NUMBER 2
Date: January 13, 2007
MICROWAVE PATH DATA CALCULATION SHEETCUSTOMER UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
PROJECT NO. 1 FREQUENCY 6.636 GHzSITE B RLATITUDE 14o31’55.14”N 14o53’2.43”NLONGITUDE 121o19’10”E 121o3’24.55”ESITE ELEVATION (m) 60 100TOWER HEIGHT (ft) 200 200TOWER TYPE SS SSAZIMUTH FROM TRUE NORTH 344o45’08.02” 164o45’06.96”PATH LENGTH (km) 35PATH ATTENUATION (dB) 140.7527548RIGID WAVEGUIDE (m) N/A N/AFLEXIBLE WAVEGUIDE (m) 66.1 60.1WAVEGUIDE LENGTH (m) 66.1 60.1WAVEGUIDE LOSS (dB) 2.990364 2.718924CONNECTOR LOSS (dB) 0.5 0.5CIRCULATOR OR HYBRID LOSS (dB) N/A N/ARADOME LOSS (dB) 0.5u 0.5uTOTAL FIXED LOSSES (dB) 3.990364 3.718924TOTAL LOSSES (dB) 148.4620428PARABOLA HEIGHT (m) 60 54PARABOLA DIAMETER (ft) 10 10REFLECTOR HEIGHT (m) N/A N/AREFLECTOR SIZE, TYPE (m) N/A N/APARABOLA REFLECTOR SEP. (m) N/A N/AANTENNA SYSTEM GAIN (dB) 43.81155497 43.81155497TOTAL GAINS (dB) 87.62310993NET PATH LOSS (dB) 53.12964486TRANSMITTER POWER (dBm) 29MED. RECEIVED POWER (±2 dB) (dBm) -31.83893286RECEIVER NOISE THRESHOLD N/ATHEORETICAL RF C/N RATIO N/APRACTICAL THRESHOLD (dBm) -72FADE MARGIN (dB) 40.16106714RELIABILITY (%) 99.99984881PROFILE NUMBER 3
Date: January 13, 2007
MICROWAVE PATH DATA CALCULATION SHEETCUSTOMER UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
PROJECT NO. 1 FREQUENCY 6.824 GHzSITE R BLATITUDE 14o53’2.43”N 14o31’55.14”NLONGITUDE 121o3’24.55”E 121o19’10”ESITE ELEVATION (m) 100 60TOWER HEIGHT (ft) 200 200TOWER TYPE SS SSAZIMUTH FROM TRUE NORTH 164o45’06.96” 344o45’08.02”PATH LENGTH (km) 35PATH ATTENUATION (dB) 141.1929686RIGID WAVEGUIDE (m) N/A N/AFLEXIBLE WAVEGUIDE (m) 60.1 66.1WAVEGUIDE LENGTH (m) 60.1 66.1WAVEGUIDE LOSS (dB) 2.6436788 2.9076068CONNECTOR LOSS (dB) 0.5 0.5CIRCULATOR OR HYBRID LOSS (dB) N/A N/ARADOME LOSS (dB) 0.5u 0.5uTOTAL FIXED LOSSES (dB) 3.6436788 3.9076068TOTAL LOSSES (dB) 148.7442542PARABOLA HEIGHT (m) 54 60PARABOLA DIAMETER (ft) 8 8REFLECTOR HEIGHT (m) N/A N/AREFLECTOR SIZE, TYPE (m) N/A N/APARABOLA REFLECTOR SEP. (m) N/A N/AANTENNA SYSTEM GAIN (dB) 44.25176876 44.25176876TOTAL GAINS (dB) 88.50353753NET PATH LOSS (dB) 52.68943106TRANSMITTER POWER (dBm) 29MED. RECEIVED POWER (±2 dB) (dBm) -31.24071666RECEIVER NOISE THRESHOLD N/ATHEORETICAL RF C/N RATIO N/APRACTICAL THRESHOLD (dBm) -72FADE MARGIN (dB) 40.75928334RELIABILITY (%) 99.99986142PROFILE NUMBER 4
Date: January 13, 2007
B. TRANSMISSION CALCULATION
Transmitter Output Power (Pt) = 29 dBmReceiver Threshold = -72 dBmReliability = 99.99%Fade Margin (FM) = 38 dBWaveguide Length (from antenna base): 6.1 m allowance to equipmentRadome Loss = 0.5 dBConnector Loss = 0.5 dB
A TO R
Frequency = 6.585 GHzDistance = 41 kmWaveguide Loss (at 6.46Ghz) = 4.5475 dB/100mAntenna Height (A) = 14mAntenna Height (R) = 16m
Receiver Signal level (RSL) = FM + Receiver ThresholdRSL = 38 dB – 72 dBRSL = -34 dB
Free Space Loss (FSL) = 92.4 + 20log F (GHz) + 20log D(km)FSL = 92.4 + 20log(6.46) + 20log(39)FSL = 140.4259425 dB
Waveguide Loss A = Waveguide Loss * (Antenna Height + Allowance) / 100Waveguide Loss A = 4.5475 * (14 + 6.1) / 100Waveguide Loss A = 0.9140475 dB
Waveguide Loss R = Waveguide Loss * (Antenna Height + Allowance) / 100Waveguide Loss R = 4.5475 * (16 + 6.1) / 100Waveguide Loss R = 1.0049975 dB
Total Waveguide Loss = Waveguide Loss A + Waveguide Loss RTotal Waveguide Loss = 0.9140475 + 1.0049975Total Waveguide Loss = 1.919045 dB
Total Connector Loss = 0.5 dB per site * 2Total Connector Loss = 1 dB
Total Radome Loss = 0.5 dB per site * 2Total Radome Loss = 1 dB
Total Fixed Losses A = Waveguide Loss A + Connector Loss + Radome LossTotal Fixed Losses A = 0.9140475 + 0.5 + 0.5Total Fixed Losses A = 1.9140475 dB
Total Fixed Losses R = Waveguide Loss B + Connector Loss + Radome LossTotal Fixed Losses R = 1.0049975 + 0.5 + 0.5Total Fixed Losses R = 2.0049975 dB
Total Losses = FSL + WG loss + Connector Loss + Radome LossTotal Losses = 140.4259425 + 1.919045 + 1 + 1Total Losses = 144.3449875 dB
Total Antenna Gain = RSL – Pt + Total LossesTotal Antenna Gain = -34 – 29 + 144.3587025Total Antenna Gain = 81.3449875 dB
Antenna Gain = Total Antenna Gain / 2Antenna Gain = 81.3449875 / 2Antenna Gain = 40.67249375 dB
Antenna Diameter (B):Antenna Gain = 7.5 + 20log F (GHz) + 20 log B (ft)
40.67935125 = 7.5 + 20log (6.46) + 20log BB = 7.053296968 ft
Note: Antenna chosen is 8 ft.
REVERSE CALCULATION
Antenna Gain = 7.5 + 20log F (GHz) + 20 log D (ft)Antenna Gain = 7.5 + 20log (6.46) + 20log 8Antenna Gain = 41.7664501 dB
Total Antenna Gain = Antenna Gain * 2Total Antenna Gain = 41.7664501 * 2Total Antenna Gain = 83.5329002 dB
Net Path Loss = Free Space Loss – Total Antenna GainNet Path Loss = 140.4259425 - 83.5329002Net Path Loss = 56.8930423 dB
Receiver Signal Level = Pt + Total Antenna Gain – Total LossesReceiver Signal Level = 29 + 83.5329002 - 144.3587025Receiver Signal Level = -31.8120873 dB
Fade Margin = Receiver Signal Level – Receiver ThresholdFade Margin = -31.8120873 + 72Fade Margin = 40.1879127 dB
Undp = 2.5*a*b*f*D^3*10^(-FM/10)*10^-6Undp = 2.5*4*0.25*6.54*(39/1.609344)^3*10^(-1*40.1879127/10)*10^-6Undp = 2.20104 x 10^-05
Reliability = (1 - Undp)*100%Reliability = (1 - 2.20104 x 10^-05)*100%Reliability = 99.99779896%
R TO A
Frequency = 6.8GHzDistance = 39kmWaveguide Loss (at 6.8Ghz) = 4.43 dB/100mAntenna Height (A) = 14mAntenna Height (R) = 16m
Receiver Signal level (RSL) = FM + Receiver ThresholdRSL = 38 dB – 72 dBRSL = -34 dB
Free Space Loss (FSL) = 92.4 + 20log F (GHz) + 20log D(km)FSL = 92.4 + 20log(6.8) + 20log(39)FSL = 140.8714704 dB
Waveguide Loss A = Waveguide Loss * (Antenna Height + Allowance) / 100Waveguide Loss A = 4.43 * (14 + 6.1) / 100Waveguide Loss A = 0.89043 dB
Waveguide Loss R = Waveguide Loss * (Antenna Height + Allowance) / 100Waveguide Loss R = 4.43 * (16 + 6.1) / 100Waveguide Loss R = 0.97903 dB
Total Waveguide Loss = Waveguide Loss A + Waveguide Loss RTotal Waveguide Loss = 0.89043 + 0.97903Total Waveguide Loss = 1.86946 dB
Total Connector Loss = 0.5 dB per site * 2Total Connector Loss = 1 dB
Total Radome Loss = 0.5 dB per site * 2Total Radome Loss = 1 dB
Total Fixed Losses A = Waveguide Loss A + Connector Loss + Radome LossTotal Fixed Losses A = 0.89043 + 0.5 + 0.5Total Fixed Losses A = 1.89043dB
Total Fixed Losses R = Waveguide Loss B + Connector Loss + Radome LossTotal Fixed Losses R = 0.97903 + 0.5 + 0.5Total Fixed Losses R = 1.97903dB
Total Losses = FSL + WG loss + Connector Loss + Radome LossTotal Losses = 140.8714704 + 1.86946 + 1 + 1 dBTotal Losses = 144.7409304 dB
Total Antenna Gain = RSL – Pt + Total LossesTotal Antenna Gain = -34 – 29 + 144.7409304Total Antenna Gain = 81.74093039 dB
Antenna Gain = Total Antenna Gain / 2Antenna Gain = 81.74093039 / 2Antenna Gain = 40.8704652 dB
Antenna Diameter (B):Antenna Gain = 7.5 + 20log F (GHz) + 20 log B (ft)40.8704652 = 7.5 + 20log (6.8) + 20log BB = 6.855108723 ft
Note: Antenna chosen is 8 ft.
REVERSE CALCULATION
Antenna Gain = 7.5 + 20log F (GHz) + 20 log D (ft)Antenna Gain = 7.5 + 20log (6.8) + 20log 8Antenna Gain = 42.21197799 dB
Total Antenna Gain = Antenna Gain * 2Total Antenna Gain = 42.21197799 * 2Total Antenna Gain = 84.42395599 dB
Net Path Loss = Free Space Loss – Total Antenna GainNet Path Loss = 140.8714704 - 84.42395599Net Path Loss = 56.44751441 dB
Receiver Signal Level = Pt + Total Antenna Gain – Total LossesReceiver Signal Level = 29 + 84.42395599 - 144.7409304Receiver Signal Level = -31.31697441 dB
Fade Margin = Receiver Signal Level – Receiver ThresholdFade Margin = -31.31697441 + 72Fade Margin = 40.68302559 dB
Undp = 2.5*a*b*f*D^3*10^(-FM/10)*10^-6Undp = 2.5*4*0.25*6.8*(39/1.609344)^3*10^(-40.6830229/10)*10^-6Undp = 2.06725 x 10^-05
Reliability = (1 - Undp)*100%Reliability = (1 - 2.06725 x 10^-05)*100%Reliability = 99.99793275%
B TO R
Frequency = 6.54GHzDistance = 40kmWaveguide Loss (at 6.54Ghz) = 4.524 dB/100mAntenna Height (B) = 60mAntenna Height (R) = 54m
Receiver Signal level (RSL) = FM + Receiver ThresholdRSL = 38 dB – 72 dBRSL = -34 dB
Free Space Loss (FSL) = 92.4 + 20log F (GHz) + 20log D(km)FSL = 92.4 + 20log(6.54) + 20log(40)FSL = 140.7527548 dB
Waveguide Loss B = Waveguide Loss * (Antenna Height + Allowance) / 100Waveguide Loss B = 4.524* (60 + 6.1) / 100Waveguide Loss B = 2.990364 dB
Waveguide Loss R = Waveguide Loss * (Antenna Height + Allowance) / 100Waveguide Loss R = 4.524* (54 + 6.1) / 100Waveguide Loss R = 2.718924 dB
Total Waveguide Loss = Waveguide Loss B + Waveguide Loss RTotal Waveguide Loss = 2.990364 + 2.718924Total Waveguide Loss = 5.709288 dB
Total Connector Loss = 0.5 dB per site * 2Total Connector Loss = 1 dB
Total Radome Loss = 0.5 dB per site * 2Total Radome Loss = 1 dB
Total Fixed Losses B = Waveguide Loss B + Connector Loss + Radome LossTotal Fixed Losses A = 2.990364+ 0.5 + 0.5Total Fixed Losses A = 3.990364 dB
Total Fixed Losses R = Waveguide Loss B + Connector Loss + Radome LossTotal Fixed Losses R = 2.718924 + 0.5 + 0.5Total Fixed Losses R = 3.718924 dB
Total Losses = FSL + WG loss + Connector Loss + Radome LossTotal Losses = 140.7527548 + 5.709288 + 1 + 1Total Losses = 148.4620428 dB
Total Antenna Gain = RSL – Pt + Total LossesTotal Antenna Gain = -34 – 29 + 5.709288Total Antenna Gain = 85.46204279 dB
Antenna Gain = Total Antenna Gain / 2Antenna Gain = 85.55252279 / 2Antenna Gain = 42.7310214 dB
Antenna Diameter (B):Antenna Gain = 7.5 + 20log F (GHz) + 20 log B (ft)42.7310214 = 7.5 + 20log (6.54) + 20log BB = 8.830256549 ft
Note: Antenna chosen is 10 ft.
REVERSE CALCULATION
Antenna Gain = 7.5 + 20log F (GHz) + 20 log D (ft)Antenna Gain = 7.5 + 20log (6.54) + 20log 10Antenna Gain = 43.81155497 dB
Total Antenna Gain = Antenna Gain * 2Total Antenna Gain = 43.81155497 * 2Total Antenna Gain = 87.62310993 dB
Net Path Loss = Free Space Loss – Total Antenna GainNet Path Loss = 140.7527548 - 87.62310993Net Path Loss = 53.12964486 dB
Receiver Signal Level = Pt + Total Antenna Gain – Total LossesReceiver Signal Level = 29 + 87.62310993 - 148.5525228Receiver Signal Level = -31.92941286 dB
Fade Margin = Receiver Signal Level – Receiver ThresholdFade Margin = -31.92941286 + 72Fade Margin = 40.07058714 dB
Undp = 2.5*a*b*f*D^3*10^(-FM/10)*10^-6Undp = 2.5*0.25*0.25*6.54*(40/1.609344)^3*10^(-40.07058714/10)*10^-6Undp = 1.5119 x 10^-06
Reliability = (1 - Undp)*100%Reliability = (1 - 1.5119 x 10^-06)*100%Reliability = 99.99984881%
R TO B
Frequency = 6.88GHzDistance = 40kmWaveguide Loss (at 6.88Ghz) = 4.3988 dB/100mAntenna Height (B) = 60mAntenna Height (R) = 56m
Receiver Signal level (RSL) = FM + Receiver ThresholdRSL = 38 dB – 72 dBRSL = -34 dB
Free Space Loss (FSL) = 92.4 + 20log F (GHz) + 20log D(km)FSL = 92.4 + 20log(6.88) + 20log(40)FSL = 141.1929686 dB
Waveguide Loss B = Waveguide Loss * (Antenna Height + Allowance) / 100Waveguide Loss B = 4.3988* (60 + 6.1) / 100Waveguide Loss B = 2.9076068 dB
Waveguide Loss R = Waveguide Loss * (Antenna Height + Allowance) / 100Waveguide Loss R = 4.3988* (54 + 6.1) / 100Waveguide Loss R = 2.6436788 dB
Total Waveguide Loss = Waveguide Loss A + Waveguide Loss RTotal Waveguide Loss = 2.9076068 + 2.6436788Total Waveguide Loss = 5.5512856 dB
Total Connector Loss = 0.5 dB per siteTotal Connector Loss = 1 dB
Total Radome Loss = 0.5 dB per site * 2Total Radome Loss = 1 dB
Total Fixed Losses B = Waveguide Loss B + Connector Loss + Radome LossTotal Fixed Losses A = 2.9076068 + 0.5 + 0.5Total Fixed Losses A = 3.9076068 dB
Total Fixed Losses R = Waveguide Loss R + Connector Loss + Radome LossTotal Fixed Losses R = 2.6436788 + 0.5 + 0.5Total Fixed Losses R = 3.6436788 dB
Total Losses = FSL + WG loss + Connector Loss + Radome LossTotal Losses = 141.1929686 + 5.5512856 + 1 + 1Total Losses = 148.8322302 dB
Total Antenna Gain = RSL – Pt + Total Losses
Total Antenna Gain = -34 – 29 + 148.8322302Total Antenna Gain = 85.74425419 dB
Antenna Gain = Total Antenna Gain / 2Antenna Gain = 85.74425419 / 2Antenna Gain = 42.8721271 dBAntenna Diameter (B):Antenna Gain = 7.5 + 20log F (GHz) + 20 log B (ft)42.8721271 = 7.5 + 20log (6.88) + 20log BB = 8.531353089 ft
Note: Antenna chosen is 10 ft.
REVERSE CALCULATIONAntenna Gain = 7.5 + 20log F (GHz) + 20 log D (ft)Antenna Gain = 7.5 + 20log (6.88) + 20log 10Antenna Gain = 44.25176876 dB
Total Antenna Gain = Antenna Gain * 2Total Antenna Gain = 44.25176876 * 2Total Antenna Gain = 88.50353753 dB
Net Path Loss = Free Space Loss – Total Antenna GainNet Path Loss = 141.1929686 - 88.50353753Net Path Loss = 52.68943106 dB
Receiver Signal Level = Pt + Total Antenna Gain – Total LossesReceiver Signal Level = 29 + 88.50353753 - 148.7442542Receiver Signal Level = -31.24071666 dB
Fade Margin = Receiver Signal Level – Receiver ThresholdFade Margin = -31.24071666 + 72Fade Margin = 40.75928334 dB
Undp = 2.5*a*b*f*D^3*10^(-FM/10)*10^-6Undp = 2.5*0.25*0.25*6.88*(40/1.609344)^3*10^(-40.67130734/10)*10^-6Undp = 1.38584 x 10^-06
Reliability = (1 - Undp)*100%Reliability = (1 - 1.4142 x 10^-06)*100%Reliability = 99.99986142%
Overreach Interference CriteriaThe sites A and B do not have major obstructions between them and have line of sight. Because of this, the total discrimination should be calculated with a minimum of 50db needed.
Distance Discrimination = 20log(AB/RB)Distance Discrimination = 20log(74.65/40)Distance Discrimination = 5.419 dBAntenna A Discrimination = 30 dBAntenna B Discrimination = 32 dBTotal Discrimination = Distance + Antenna A + Antenna B DiscriminationsTotal Discrimination = 5.419 + 30 + 32Total Discrimination = 67.419 dB
Distance Discrimination = 20log(AB/RA)Distance Discrimination = 20log(74.65/39)Distance Discrimination = 5.639 dBAntenna A Discrimination = 30 dBAntenna B Discrimination = 32 dB
Total Discrimination = Distance + Antenna A + Antenna B DiscriminationsTotal Discrimination = 5.639 + 30 + 32Total Discrimination = 67.639 Db
Based on the calculation, the total discrimination for each exceeds the 50 dB requirement.
C. AZIMUTH CALCULATION
SITE A AND R
Site A:Latitude: 15o5’40.54”NLongitude: 120o46’3.03”E
Site R:Latitude: 14o53’2.43”NLongitude: 121o3’24.55”E
r = Latitude A – Latitude Rr = 15o5’40.54” - 14o53’2.43”r = 0o12’38.11”
a = Longitude A – Longitude Ra = 121o3’24.55” - 120o46’3.03”a = 0o17’21.52”
Using Napier’s Rule:
sin(a) = cot(R) * tan(r)sin(0o17’21.52”) = cot(R) * tan(0o12’38.11”)R = 36o3’02.82”
sin(r) = tan(a) * cot(A)sin(0o12’38.11”) = tan(0o17’21.52”) * cot(A)A = 53o56’59.09”
Azimuth from True North:
A1 = 180o – AA1 = 180o - 53o56’59.09”A1 = 126o3’00.91”
R1 = 270o + RR1 = 270o + 36o3’02.82”R1 = 306o3’02.82”
SITE B AND R
Site B:Latitude: 14o31’55.14”NLongitude: 121o19’10”E
Site R:Latitude: 14o53’2.43”NLongitude: 121o3’24.55”E
b = Latitude R – Latitude Bb = 14o53’2.43” - 14o31’55.14”b = 0o21’07.29”
r = Longitude B – Longitude Rr = 121o19’10”- 121o3’24.55”r = 0o5’45.45”
Using Napier’s Rule:
sin(r) = cot(B) * tan(b)sin(0o5’45.45”) = cot(B) * tan(0o21’07.29”)B = 74o45’08.02”
sin(b) = tan(r) * cot(R)sin(0o21’07.29”) = tan(0o5’45.45”) * cot(R)R = 15o14’53.04”
Azimuth from True North:
R1 = 180o – RR1 = 180o - 15o14’53.04”R1 = 164o45’06.96”
B1 = 270o + BB1 = 270o + 74o45’08.02”B1 = 344o45’08.02”
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INTRODUCTION
Microwave technology is vastly used today especially in broadcast and telecommunications as relays and satellite. A microwave system is widely used for its practicality in terms of economic costs, flexibility, and reliability. It is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a frequency ranges from 300MHz to 300GHz. Due to the high frequency, more information can be carried making it ideal for high data rate applications. In addition, this high frequency also limits microwave transmission to a line of sight between the transmitter and receiver. It is not able to penetrate the earth’s surface requiring the placement of repeaters for long ranges.
Good microwave transmission engineering should be done in order to meet requirements of carrying information reliably from one point to another. Effort should be made in design that involves data gathering of site data such as terrain, weather, and elevation. These will be the primary deciding factors to be considered to make decisions in others such as equipment and antenna.
CONCLUSION
There are numerous factors that must be considered when designing a microwave system. First of all, you must meet the design requirements such as traffic capacity, frequency, reliability, and location. Once the primary requirements have been considered, additional requirements for transmitter site and geographical path of the microwave signal should be surveyed for suitability. The equipment will have to be chosen to meet the requirements. All of these can be supported by design computations such as losses, gain, signal levels, and reflection.
The designed microwave transmission system is capable of carrying at least the requirement of 1,200 voice channels with room to spare. In addition, the system reliability has exceeded the minimum requirements of 99.99% this further reducing system downtime. The most important in designing this microwave system is being able to correctly survey the path taken of the microwave as it will dictate the items needed to build the system.