Calculation of Time Slp Frmwrk

NATIONAL TRAINING MATERIALS

CONSTRUCTION STUDIES

AUSTRALIAN

NATIONAL TRAINING

AUTHORITY

CCC349 JUMP AND SLIPFORMWORK

DEVELOPED IN COLLABORATION BETWEEN INDUSTRY AND TAFE QUEENSLAND WITH THE

SUPPORT OF THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL TRAINING AUTHORITY

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSProduced by the Construction Curriculum Consortium, TAFE Queensland.

Managing Agent : Recognition Directorate, Vocational Education, Training AndEmployment Commission (VETEC)

© Australian National Training Authority (ANTA) 1997

All rights reserved. This work has been produced initially with the assistance of funding provided by theCommonwealth Government through ANTA. This work is copyright, but permission is given to trainersand teachers to make copies by photocopying or other duplicating processes for use within their owntraining organisation or in a workplace where the training is being conducted. This permission does notextend to the making of copies for use outside the immediate training environment for which they aremade, nor the making of copies for hire or resale to third parties. For permission outside theseguidelines, apply in writing to Australian Training Products Ltd.(formerly ACTRAC Products Ltd).

The views expressed in this version of the work do not necessarily represent the views of ANTA. ANTAdoes not give warranty nor accept any liability in relation to the content of this work.

Published by Australian Training Products Pty (formerly ACTRAC Products Ltd),Australian National Training Authority.GPO Box 5347BB, MELBOURNE, Victoria 3001, AustraliaTelephone +61 03 9630 9836 or 9630 9837;Facsimile +61 03 9639 4684

First Published October 1997

DP2120349LRG

Printed by Document Printing Australia

NATIONAL CONSTRUCTION STUDIES

RESOURCE PROJECT

STAGE 3

FIELD OF WORK SKILLS

LEARNING PACKAGE

CCC349 JUMP AND SLIP FORMWORK

PUBLISHED: 1997

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS:

AUTHOR:

Holmesglen Institute of TAFE

Batesford Road

CHADSTONE VIC 3148

INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGNER:

Construction Curriculum Consortium

TAFE Queensland

This learning package was developed as part of the AVTS Training Program inConstruction Studies

This project was managed by the Construction Curriculum Consortium, TAFEQueensland

For further details contact:

Noel RyanManagerConstruction Curriculum ConsortiumYeronga Institute of TAFEPO Box 6045FAIRFIELD GARDENS QLD 4103

Telephone: (07) 3892 0457Facsimile: (07) 3892 0457

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 11

OVERVIEW............................................................................................................................... 14

WHAT IS PROVIDED? ........................................................................................................... 16

WHAT YOU PROVIDE?......................................................................................................... 16

HOW TO USE THIS PACKAGE ........................................................................................... 17

GETTING TO “KNOW THE PACKAGE”.......................................................................... 18KEY TO SYMBOLS .............................................................................................................. 19

MODULE INFORMATION: FROM THE TRAINING SPECIFICATIONS.................. 21

ASSESSMENT INFORMATION............................................................................................ 22

ASSESSMENT SPECIFICATIONS ....................................................................................... 23

ASSESSMENT TASKS............................................................................................................. 26

ASSESSMENT TASK 1:........................................................................................................ 26ASSESSMENT TASK 2:........................................................................................................ 28ASSESSMENT TASK 3:........................................................................................................ 30

SECTION 1 - PLANNING AND QUALITY FOR JUMP AND SLIP FORMWORK .... 33

INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................331. JUMP FORMS................................................................................................................ 342. SLIP FORMS................................................................................................................... 343. DESIGN OF JUMP AND SLIP FORMS........................................................................ 384. REPRESENTING CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULES USING BAR CHARTS ............... 405. CONSTRUCTION WORKERS' DUTIES BEFORE, DURING AND AFTERCONCRETE PLACEMENT................................................................................................ 416. QUALITY CONTROL PROCEDURES TO ENSURE CORRECT SHAPE, SIZE ANDALIGNMENT OF CONCRETE STRUCTURES ................................................................ 42

DEMONSTRATION .............................................................................................................. 437. PRODUCING WORKING DRAWINGS FROM PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS ..... 438. CALCULATING MATERIAL QUANTITIES.................................................................. 44

SITE VISIT.............................................................................................................................. 49SUMMARY............................................................................................................................. 50EXERCISE 1: PLANNING AND QUALITY FOR JUMP AND SLIP FORMWORK ...... 52ACTIVITY 1 SLIP AND JUMP FORMS PLANNING AND QUALITY........................... 54

SECTION 2 - WORKING WITH JUMP AND SLIP FORMS............................................55

INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................551. FORMING CONCRETE NIBS........................................................................................552. PREFABRICATING JUMP AND SLIP FORMWORK ..................................................573. LOCATING AND STRENGTHENING FORMWORK LIFTING POINTS....................57

ACTIVITY 2: CENTRE OF GRAVITY OF A SHAPE ........................................................594. PLACEMENT OF BLOCKOUTS AND PENETRATIONS ............................................605. POSITIONING REINFORCEMENT STEEL..................................................................616. POSITIONING WORK PLATFORMS AND SAFETY SCREENS..................................617. INSTALLING YOKES AND JACKING SYSTEMS AND CONNECTING THEM TOTHE MASTER CONTROL UNIT ........................................................................................62

SUMMARY.............................................................................................................................63EXERCISE 2: NIB AND BLOCKOUT CONSTRUCTION................................................65ACTIVITY 3 FABRICATE AND POSITION JUMP FORMWORK .................................66

SECTION 3 - POSITIONING JUMP AND SLIP FORMS FOR THE NEXT LEVEL ...67

INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................671. LIFTING JUMP FORMWORK.......................................................................................682. USING ELECTRIC, MECHANICAL AND HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS TO SLIP FORMS683. TREATING AND REPAIRING THE FRESHLY EXPOSED CONCRETE SURFACE .684. CYCLIC CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULES ....................................................................69

SUMMARY.............................................................................................................................70EXERCISE 3: STRIPPING TIMES........................................................................................71ACTIVITY 4 FORMWORK FOR SLIP FORM CONSTRUCTION ..................................72CONCLUSION........................................................................................................................73

ANSWERS...............................................................................................................................75

EXERCISE 1: PLANNING AND QUALITY FOR JUMP AND SLIP FORMWORK......75

EXERCISE 2: NIB AND BLOCKOUT CONSTRUCTION................................................77

EXERCISE 3: STRIPPING TIMES........................................................................................79

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Page

Figure 1 GENERAL STRUCTURE OF SLIP FORM................................................... 35

Figure 2 SLIP FORM STRUCTURAL DETAILS ........................................................ 39

Figure 3 CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE FOR JUMP/SLIP FORMING................... 40

Figure 4 FORMWORK DETAIL DRAWINGS - PANEL LAYOUT.......................... 43

Figure 5 FORMWORK DETAIL DRAWINGS - PANEL CONSTRUCTION........... 44

Figure 6 FORMWORK DETAIL DRAWINGS - JOINT DETAIL.............................. 44

Figure 7 THEORETICAL DETAILS OF CONCRETE HARDENING IN THE SLIP

FORM ..................................................................................................................... 45

Figure 8 LIFTWELL PLAN ........................................................................................... 46

Figure 9 EXAMPLE LIFTWELL PLAN....................................................................... 48

Figure 10 FORMWORK FOR SHALLOW NIBS ........................................................ 56

Figure 11 NIB IN A CONCRETE WALL ..................................................................... 56

Figure 12 CORRECT LIFTING OF IRREGULAR SHAPE......................................... 57

Figure 13 SPREADING THE STRESSES DURING LIFTING................................... 58

Figure 14 FINDING THE CENTRE OF GRAVITY OF A SHAPE ............................ 59

Figure 15 BLOCKOUTS IN A SLIP FORMED WALL............................................... 60

Figure 16 WORK PLATFORMS FOR JUMP FORMS................................................ 62

CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY COMPETENCY FRAMEWORK

ALL STREAMS

STAGE 4 (& BEYOND) SPECIALISED SKILLS

• Advanced Technical Skills• Supervisory Skills• Management Skills• Para-professional Skills• Professional Skills

(Currently under development)

BASE TRADE Õ × × ×FIELD OF WORK SKILLS

CIVIL OPERATIONS

z

z

STRUCTURES

zz zz zz

zz zz zz

zz zz zz

zz

FITOUT AND FINISH

zz

zz

zz

SERVICES(NON-TRADE)

zz zz

zz

SERVICETRADES

OFF-SITE

×BASIC STREAM SKILLS

CIVIL OPERATIONS STRUCTURES FITOUT & FINISH SERVICES

× ××× CurrentlyUnder

BASIC INDUSTRY SKILLS Development

CIVIL OPERATIONS STRUCTURES FITOUT & FINISH SERVICES

INCORPORATING INDUSTRY INDUCTION

Every stage produces a range of practical skillsEndorsed by Standards Committee 13/12/95

CCC349 Jump and Slip Formwork INTRODUCTION

Australian National Training Authority 11

INTRODUCTION

CCC349 Jump and Slip Formwork is a module intended for use by those completingStage 3 of a specific, FIELD OF WORK within a SKILL STREAM of the NationalConstruction Industry Competency Framework

The theoretical components of this package will enable you to complete the practicalrequirements of this module. All set tasks, including the activities and demonstrations,will show how the theory or content can be applied in a practical manner in on-site orsimulated on-site conditions.

Jump and Slip Formwork is a module which deals with the knowledge and skillsrequired to erect and dismantle jump and slip formwork and includes specific detailson:

• Interpret plans and specifications for planning and quality control ofjumping and slip formwork; and

• Set out, construct and assemble formwork for jump and slip form methodsof construction.

Three Assessment Tasks meet the requirements of the three learning outcomes.

Note the following regarding Assessment Tasks:

• Assessment Task 1 is compulsory.• Assessment Task 2 and 3 are two Assessment task options - you will be

assessed on one option only.

Assessment Task 1:

• Complete a graphics presentation, approximately four hours in duration, todevelop working drawings that cover jump and slip formwork.

• Complete an assignment, approximately four hours in duration, that coversjump and slip formwork.


Australian National Training Authority12

You will be assessed on:

< Plan and specification interpretation < Design spacings < Lifting and slipping cycles < Working drawings < Strength, safety and economy < Materials quantities < Construction workers duties before, during and after concrete

placement < Erection, lifting and slipping cycles < Stripping Cycles

• Complete a written assessment, approximately one hour duration, thatcovers jump and slip formwork.

You will be assessed on:

< Strength, safety and economy < Materials quantities < Construction workers duties before, during and after concrete

placement < Erection, lifting and slipping cycles < Stripping cycles

Assessment Task 2:

• Set out, fabricate and position formwork for jump form construction, eg. areinforced concrete elevator shaft. The forms are to be lifted to the nextposition. The structure must encompass the following specifications:

< A minimum internal dimension of 2100 mm long x 2100 mm wide x1200mm high

< 150 mm wall thickness < Provision of internal formwork stripping devices < Service penetrations and blockout installation < Anchor points for elevator tracks installed < Lifting points for slings or lifting beams

• The structure is to be dismantled to demonstrate safe and effective strippingprocedures.

• All tolerances are to comply to Australian Standard 3610 or those specifiedon the plans and specifications for the project.



Assessment Task 3:

• Set out, fabricate and position formwork for slip form construction. Thestructure encompasses the following specifications:

< A minimum internal dimension of 2100 mm long x 2100 mm wide x1200 mm minimum slipped height with 150 mm wall thickness

< Simulation of electric, hydraulic or mechanical continuous slippingsystems

< Service penetrations and blockout installations

• The structure is to be dismantled to demonstrate safe and effective strippingprocedures.All tolerances are to comply to Australian Standard 3610 or thosespecified on the plans and specifications for the project.

This learning package has therefore been developed with three sequential sections,each being closely aligned with one or more of the three Assessment Tasks:

SECTION 1: This contains learning resource material, self-checks and practicalexercisesrequired for the successful completion of the Assessment Criteria as shownin the Assessment Specification for Task 1.

SECTION 2: In a similar manner, this section contains the information and practicalwork that will help you successfully complete Task 2.

SECTION 3 In this section you will cover material, self-checks and practical work thatwill help you successfully complete Task 3

As well as self-check exercises and practical activities, your instructor will scheduleadditional oral and/or written tests which may be similar to the self-check exercises.These tests will satisfy specific Assessment Criteria in the Assessment Tasks and willapply to your work environment.

When you have achieved all the Assessment Criteria in all the Assessment Tasks,and your work has been checked and certified by your instructor, you will havesuccessfully completed the Learning Outcomes which make up the total off-the-jobcomponent of the whole module CCC349 Jump and Slip Formwork.



OVERVIEW

CCC349 Jump and Slip Formwork - A Stage 3 Module

The overall competencies for this module are summed up in the purpose statement:

PURPOSE: This module will provide building and construction workersinvolved in the structural corework field of work with theknowledge and skills required to construct jump and slipformwork for structures such as elevator shafts.

In the next section on Module Details, you will find specific details about theTraining Specification and how you will be assessed.

In general terms, Jump and Slip Formwork covers:

The Skills/Competencies required forthis module

The Theory/Content required to achievethese skills/competencies

• Identify formwork systems andmembers

• Jump Forms.• Slip Forms.• Design of Jump and Slip Forms.

• Graphically present constructionschedules on bar charts

• Schedules and Bar Charts.

• workers before, during and afterplacement of concrete.

• Construction Workers Duties.

• Ensure quality control • Quality Control Procedures.

• Produce working drawings for jumpand slip forms.

• Working Drawings.

• Calculate material quantities. • Calculating Material Quantities.

• Use centre lines and reduced levels toform concrete nibs.

• Forming Concrete Nibs.

• Pre-fabricate jump and slip formsincluding lifting points.

• Pre-fabricating Jump and Slip Forms.• Formwork Lift Points.

• Install penetrations and blockouts. • Blockouts and Penetrations.

• Position reinforcement. • Positioning Reinforcement Steel.

• Interpret from plans the positions ofwork platforms and safety screens.

• Platforms and Safety Screens.

• Install yokes and jacking systems. • Yokes and Jacking Systems

• Lift jump forms after concrete hasgained designed strength.

• Lifting Jump Formwork.



• Raise slip forms during placement ofconcrete.

• Electrical, Mechanical and HydraulicSlip Form Systems.

• Repair and treat freshly exposedconcrete surface.

• Repairing Freshly Exposed ConcreteSurfaces.

When you have successfully achieved all the Assessment Criteria for theAssessment Tasks, you will have completed the requirements for this module.



WHAT IS PROVIDED?

You will be provided with the essentials to successfully complete this module,including:

• A learning package;• sets of relevant plans and specifications;• materials, tools and equipment; and• formwork

WHAT YOU PROVIDE?

• appropriate personal protective clothing; etc - to be advised by yourinstructor.



HOW TO USE THIS PACKAGE

This package has been designed so that you can work and learn at your own pace,incorporating into your own learning program.

• demonstrations of practical skills by your instructor or experiencedtradesperson;

• planned and supervised practical application of your knowledge and skills;• instruction in, and application of, safe working practices; and• personal progress indicators through self-check exercises and practical

activities.

It is suggested that you work through the three sections as they are presented.

By all means, fast-track any aspects/areas where you feel confident.

Self-Check Exercises have been included so that you can measure your own progress.These exercises, however, are not part of the formal assessment of competency.

Jump and Slip Formwork has a nominal duration of 45 to 55 hours, but you may takemore or less time working at your own pace.



GETTING TO “KNOW THE PACKAGE”

Here is a strategy which may help you become familiar with the contents of thispackage.

• Survey Scan the whole package

Read the contents page and the introduction, then flip through the pages -glance at the headings.

Notice that there are set tasks to be completed. The content relates tothese tasks.

• Ask Ask about any topics, terms or details that are not clear to you at thisstage.

• Read Read through the material, but do it actively. Jot down points, underlineor highlight.

Link the information with what you know already.

Let the headings and sub-headings help you organise information.

Remember that you will need the content to complete the tasks.

• Review At various stages, you will be directed to review the main points orcomplete a Self-Check Exercise to indicate how you areprogressing.

Make your own notes as well.

• Instructor Throughout this package, you will be required to attend practicaldemonstrations and receive instruction in the use of materials,tools and equipment.

Ask your instructor if you have any problems with:

< interpretation of content; < procedures or processes; or < availability of resources



KEY TO SYMBOLS

Symbols are placed in the left hand margin to draw attention to the type of informationcommencing at that point.

The symbols used in this package are:

READRead This is the essential information

for the module.

DEMONSTRATIONInstructorDemonstration

At times, your instructor will givepractical advice and demonstratethe use of tools/equipment.

SELF-CHECK Self-Check Exercise These are your progress indicators.Typical answers are also included.

PRACTICALACTIVITY

Practical Activity The four activities allow for theapplication of the theorycomponents.

SITE VISITSite Visit Your instructor will schedule visits

to appropriate sites.

CCC349 Jump and Slip Formwork MODULE DETAILS


MODULE INFORMATION: from the Training Specifications

MODULE TITLE JUMP AND SLIP FORMWORK

Nominal Duration 45 to 55 hours

Module Number CCC349

Purpose To develop the knowledge and skills required by building andconstruction workers to construct jump and slip formwork forstructures such as elevator shafts.

Relationship toCompetency Standards

National Building and Construction Industry CompetencyStandards:

• ST 3046 Erect and Dismantle formwork

Pre-requisites • Basic Stream SkillsA trainee may seek recognition through the R.P.L. process forcompetencies already held.

Summary of Content • Formwork details and drawings.• Formwork systems.• Materials quantities.• Tools, equipment and personal protective equipment.• Set out points and datum lines.• Erection of scaffolding, falsework and hand rails.• Penetrations and blockouts• Formwork and falsework for safety and quality.• Formwork selection, cleaning and release agents.• Supervision during concrete pour.• Formwork stripping methods.• Falsework and formwork cleaning, storage and .removal

from site.

Delivery Delivery methods must provide for the demonstration ofcompetence in skills specified in all learning outcomes, either inon-site or simulated on-site conditions.

Suggested LearningResources

• Australian Standards < Concrete Structures AS3600 < Formwork for Concrete AS3610

• Peter S. McAdam, 1993 Formwork - A PracticalApproach, 1st Edition Stuart Publications, Qld,ISBN 0 646136941



ASSESSMENT INFORMATION

CCC349 Jump and Slip Formwork is a module in the National ConstructionIndustry Competency Framework.

This program focuses on the achievement of learning outcomes measured againstassessment criteria based on National Competency Standards.

All learning outcomes must be successfully achieved if you are to be awardedcompetence in this module.

Your assessment will be recorded as:

• Competent; or• Not Yet Competent.

You will have completed the learning outcomes when you have successfullyachieved all the Assessment Criteria in all the Assessment Tasks. One or more of thefollowing assessment methods will be used:

• supervised assessment in the demonstration of techniques• a number of written and/or oral assessments• practical activities allowing for demonstrations of your ability in the

assessment tasks.

All projects are to be carried out on-site or in simulated on-site conditions.



ASSESSMENT SPECIFICATIONS

MODULE TITLE JUMP AND SLIP FORMWORK

Module Number CCC349

Purpose of the Assessment This module will provide building and constructionworkers involved in the structural corework field ofwork with the knowledge and skills required toconstruct jump and slip formwork for structures suchas elevator shafts.

Instructions for the Assessee Assessment Task 1

• Complete a graphics presentation,approximately four hours in duration, to developworking drawings that covers jump and slipformwork.

• Complete an assignment, approximately fourhours in duration, that covers jump and slipformwork.

You will be assessed on: < Plan and specification interpretation < Design spacings < Lifting and slipping cycles < Working drawings < Strength, safety and economy < Materials quantities < Construction workers duties before,

during and after concrete placement < Erection, lifting and slipping cycles < Stripping cycles

• Complete a written assessment, approximatelyone hour duration, that covers jump and slipformwork:

You will be assessed on: < Strength, safety and economy < Materials quantities < Construction workers duties before,

during and after concrete placement < Erection, lifting and slipping cycles < Stripping cycles

Assessment Task 2



• Set out, fabricate and position formwork forjump form construction, eg a reinforcedconcrete elevator shaft. The forms are to belifted to the next position. The structure mustencompass the following specifications:

< A minimum internal dimension of 2100mm long x 2100 mm wide x 1200mmhigh

< 150 mm wall thickness < Provision of internal formwork stripping

devices < Service penetrations and blockout

installation < Anchor points for elevator tracks installed < Lifting points for slings or lifting beams

• The structure is to be dismantled to demonstratesafe and effective stripping procedures.

• All tolerances are to comply to AustralianStandard 3610 or those specified on the plansand specifications for the project.

Assessment Task 3

• Set out, fabricate and position formwork for slipform construction. The structure encompassesthe following specifications:

< A minimum internal dimension of 2100mm long x 2100 mm wide x 1200mmminimum slipped height with 150 mmwall thickness

< Simulation of electric, hydraulic ormechanical continuous slipping systems

< Service penetrations and blockoutinstallation.

• The structure is to be dismantled to demonstratesafe and effective stripping procedures.

• All tolerances are to comply to AustralianStandard 3610 or those specified on the plansand specifications for the project.

Guidelines for the Assessor This is a supervised assessment.

This is an assessment of the final product.However, some observation of the process will



be involved. This is detailed on the checklist.

Learning Outcome AssessmentTask 1

AssessmentTask 2

AssessmentTask 3

CCC349.1 YES

CCC349.2 YES YES

CCC349.3 YES YES



ASSESSMENT TASKS

ASSESSMENT TASK 1:• Complete a graphics presentation, approximately four hours in duration, to

develop working drawings that covers jump and slip formwork.• Complete an assignment, approximately four hours in duration, that covers

jump and slip formwork.You will be assessed on:

< Plan and specification interpretation < Design spacings < Lifting and slipping cycles < Working drawings < Strength, safety and economy < Materials quantities < Construction workers duties before, during and after concrete


• Complete a written assessment, approximately one hour in duration, thatcovers jump and slip formwork.

You will be assessed on: < Strength safety and economy < Materials quantities < Construction workers duties before, during and after concrete


The procedures above could be carried out in one or more projects.

Assessment Task 1 incorporates Learning Outcome 1:

Interpret plans and specifications for planning and quality control of jump andslip formwork.



Item Assessment Criteria Achieved

1. Formwork members material size and spacings are interpreted from plans andspecifications.

2. Construction schedules are graphically represented on bar charts.

3. Carpenters duties before, during and after concrete placement are stated.

4. Quality control procedures are designed into the construction process to ensurecorrect shape, size and alignment of concrete structures.

5. Working drawings for jump and slip formwork are produced from plans andspecifications.

6. Material quantities are calculated for jump and slip formwork.

All work practices must ensure that current OH & S requirements are adopted.

• Items 1 to 6 must be performed fully.



ASSESSMENT TASK 2:

NOTE: This Assessment Task 2 deals with Jump Form Construction.The student is required to carry out this Assessment Task OR Assessment Task 3 dealing withSlip Form.Both Assessment Tasks incorporate Learning Outcomes 2 and 3.Learning Outcome 2 – Set out, construct and assemble formwork for jump and/slip formmethods of construction.Learning Outcome 3 – Position lift and slip forms for next level.

• Set out, fabricate and position formwork for jump form construction, eg. a

reinforced concrete elevator shaft. The forms are to be lifted to the next position.The structure must encompass the following specifications:

< A minimum internal dimension of 2100 mm long < x 2100 mm wide x 1200mm high < 150mm wall thickness < Provision of internal formwork stripping devices < Service penetrations and blockout installation < Anchor points for elevator tracks installed < Lifting points for slings or lifting beams


• All tolerances are to comply to Australian Standard 3610 or those specified on theplans and specifications for the project.

As a team you will be required to: < Lift and position formwork components < Dismantle and clean forms after project completion

Individually you will be required to:

< Set out an internal and external formwork shutter < Construct an internal and external formwork shutter, cut and fix service

penetrations < Implement quality assurance procedures throughout the construction

process


Assessment Task 2 incorporates Learning Outcomes 2 and 3:

2. Set out, construct and assemble formwork for jump and slip form methods ofconstruction.

3. Position lift and slip forms for next level.




1. Concrete nibs are formed and poured to line and heights using centre lines, offsets, datum’s and reduced levels.

2. Formwork panels for jump forms are pre-fabricated.

3. Formwork panel lifting points are located and strengthened to allow thepanel to be lifted by mechanical means.

4. Internal panels are installed incorporating work platforms and penetrations orblockouts.

5. Reinforcement steel is positioned and assembly of external panels iscompleted.

6. Work platforms and safety screens are positioned as interpreted from theplans and specifications.

7. Lifting of jump formwork is performed after concrete has gained designstrength.

8. Surface repair and treatment is carried out on freshly exposed concretesurface.

9. Cyclic construction schedules are followed whilst ensuring safety and qualitycontrol procedures are adhered to.

10. All formwork conforms to AS3600.


• Items 1 to 10 must be performed fully.• Items 1 to 11 must be performed fully.



ASSESSMENT TASK 3:

NOTE: This Assessment Task 3 deals with Slip Form Construction.The student is required to carry out this Assessment Task OR Assessment Task 2 dealing withJump Form.Both Assessment Tasks incorporate Learning Outcomes 2 and 3.Learning Outcome 2 – Set out, construct and assemble formwork for jump and/slip formmethods of construction.Learning Outcome 3 – Position lift and slip forms for next level.

• Set out, fabricate and position formwork for slip form construction. The structure

encompasses the following specifications:

< A minimum internal dimension of 2100mm long < 2100mm wide x 1200mm minimum slipped height < 150mm wall thickness < simulation of electric, hydraulic or mechanical continuous slipping systems < Service penetrations and blockout installation


• All tolerances are to comply to Australian Standard 3610 or those specified on theplans and specifications for the project.

As a team you will be required to: < Construct a concrete starting nib to suit the shaft size and position < Install reinforcement rods for jacking systems < Lift and position formwork components < Dismantle and clean forms after project completion

Individually you will be required to: < Set out an internal and external formwork shutter < Construct an internal and external formwork shutter < Install yokes onto slipping rods < Connect the jacks and hoses to yokes < Implement quality assurance procedures throughout the construction

process


Assessment Task 3 incorporates Learning Outcomes 2 and 3:

2. Set out, construct and assemble formwork for jump and slip form methods ofconstruction.

3. Position lift and slip forms for next level.




1. Concrete nibs are formed and poured to line and heights using centre lines, offsets, datum’s and reduced levels.

2. Formwork panels for slip forms are pre-fabricated.

3. Internal panels are installed incorporating work platforms and penetrations orblockouts

4. Reinforcement steel is positioned and assembly of external panels iscompleted.

5. Work platforms and safety screens are positioned as interpreted from theplans and specifications.

6. Yokes and jacking systems are installed and connected to the master controlunit.

7. Slipping of forms during continuous pouring of concrete is performed by useof either electric, hydraulic or mechanical systems.

8. Trailing work platforms are installed to engineers specifications.

9. Surface repair and treatment is carried out on freshly exposed concretesurface. to.

10. Cyclic construction schedules are followed whilst ensuring safety and qualitycontrol procedures are adhered to.

11. All formwork conforms to AS3600.


• Items 1 to 11 must be performed fully.

CCC349 Jump and Slip Formwork SECTION 1


SECTION 1 - PLANNING AND QUALITY FOR JUMP AND SLIPFORMWORK

READ

INTRODUCTION

The first section of this package deals with the use, design and planning of jumpand slip forms.

This section contains essential information which addresses Learning Outcome 1:

1. Interpret plans and specifications for planning and quality control ofjump and slip formwork.

The details required for the planning and quality for jump and slip formwork will bepresented in eight topics:

• Jump Forms• Slip Forms• Design of Jump and Slip Forms• Representing Construction Schedules using Bar Charts• Construction Workers’ Duties, Before, During and After Concrete

Placement• Quality Control Procedures to Ensure Correct Shape, Size and Alignment

of Structures• Producing Working Drawings from Plans and Specifications• Calculating Materials and Quantities



1. JUMP FORMS

Jump forms are forms that are able to be moved in leaps either horizontally orvertically. They may be simple reusable panels which can be fixed to a previous riseof wall. They may be used when identical units are being constructed.

It makes good sense to re-use the same formwork panels over and over again. Timeis saved and material costs are lowered.

The panels must be stronger than single use panels for the same section of concretebecause they must withstand movement. The extra costs of building stronger panelsare recovered when they are re-used. The total building time is less and the amountof material used overall is less.

A jump form for movement in the horizontal direction may be suspended by a largeframe which can itself be move on rails.

2. SLIP FORMS

Slip forming was introduced into Australia around 1952, mostly for silo construction.It has been in use overseas much longer.

A slip form is made so that it can move slowly whilst being continually kept full ofconcrete. The form is not deep and it moves so that concrete is not in the form forlong. The concrete is left behind by the form when it is just strong enough to supportitself. Typically, the concrete stays in a vertical slip form for 1.5 - 6 hours. Inhorizontal slip forming, as in forming the kerb of a roadside, the concrete can beexposed sooner.

Because the form is continually filled it produces jointless concrete. That's useful forconstruction of containers, such as water tanks, silos, cooling towers and reactorshields where breaks in the concrete must be avoided. It is also used in theconstruction of tall structures such as lift wells, where the surface needs few spacesor protrusions. It has been used for many years in the construction of tall buildingswhich have flat walls and the same dimensions all the way up It is also very good forcircular structures which have changing dimensions, such as cooling towers becausethe size of the form can be changed as it moves.

The height of a vertical slip form can range from about 1 m to 2 m with the mostcommon size being 1.2 m tall. The surrounding supporting structure and workplatforms add to the size of the structure. A schematic diagram of a vertical slip formis shown below.



Slip forming is suitable for round the clock pouring and so structures can be builtquite quickly. Typically, slip forms rise at about 30 cm per hour, allowing a tallstructure to be built in days.

Horizontal slip forms, such as in those used for forming of water or road surfaces,move along more quickly. Hundreds of metres, even kilometres per day and can beachieved.

Figure 1 GENERAL STRUCTURE OF SLIP FORM



Why choose slip forming?

Slip forming is best used when there is little need to change the formwork for largebuildings and there are few changes in dimension. Even though the formwork iscomplex, takes a long time to set up, and needs a lot of labour at the time of the slip,the time taken to complete the job is small. The costs are higher in setup but reducedoverall due to the speed of completion.There is a minimum height of construction of about four floors, above which the costof slip forming becomes economical. Slip forming is a good choice for a tallbuilding core, but not so good for a three storey lift-well. To build a special slip formthat probably won't be used again will be more expensive than using standard panelswhich are cheap and easy to erect.Before choosing slip forming some of the things to consider are:

(a) The concreting will take place in a very short time.

(b) The initial setting up time insitu will be longer than for conventional forms butcan be reduced by construction of the forms in large slabs off site.

(c) The cost per square metre of the equipment will be more than for conventionalforms.

(d) Labour costs will be higher due to shift work but productivity will be good.

(e) There are no construction joints.

(f) The process is less weather sensitive than other methods. Working platformscan be covered from the weather and the surface of the concrete can beprotected.

(g) Standby plant and workers are needed.

(h) It is easy to obtain a good key for subsequent finishes.

(i) The final tolerance for the completed work is about same as that for othermethods. Spiralling and non verticality have almost been eliminated.

(j) Economising on the design of the slip form may lead to major and expensiveproblems.



Why choose jump forming?

Jump forming will be a good choice for the following reasons:

(a) Jump forms can be designed to suit inclusions such as floors and beams byadjusting the size of the forms.

(b) There is no need to worry about collapse of thin walls.

(c) Friction is not a problem so thick walls can be constructed more easily.

(d) Tapered walls are easily catered for in the design of the form.

(e) Pouring of concrete is not continuous so it can be arranged at convenient timesto fit in with other activities such as stripping another section, or shiftwork.

(f) The off-form finish of the work may not need to be touched.



3. DESIGN OF JUMP AND SLIP FORMS

If the plan for a job requires large areas of walls, a closed structure like a silo or a liftwell, or the core of a skyscraper, then jump or slip forming should be considered.

Jump forms

Jump forms need to be moved several times, so they must be built stronger thanformwork panels designed for one use only. The design of a jump form will be basedfirst on the concrete pressure inside the form and then include the following features.

It should be strong enough to be struck from the concrete several times withoutdamage.

• It should have lifting points and should be strong enough to resist flexing whenmoved. If the wall is to rise high then the formwork must also have built-in workplatforms.

• The form panels will be designed by qualified engineers to meet the normal loadsof wet concrete and those extra loads placed on them due to movement.

• Most jump forms are made of steel panels. • Jump forms may be small or large. There are advantages in small ones – they can

be moved by hand, the concrete is more easily compacted and they provide aregular work schedule. Also, slabs and joining walls are built in more easily.The advantages of larger forms is that they produce fewer construction joints.



Slip forms

Slip-forms are special structures. They are specially designed by engineers forspecific constructions. The structure consists basically of five parts:

1. form face and its supports;

2. yokes and cross members;

3 jacking equipment which keeps the form moving;

4. work platform at the top level of the form; and;

5 hanging work platform, below the form face where the workers finish thesurface as it exits the form.

Drawings of the forms will indicate the spacing walers, the design of the yokes, thework platforms and the jacking mechanism.

The height of the form will depend on the temperature, the type of concrete used andits hardening rate. In cold climates, a taller form is used which allows the concrete tobe in the form longer, allowing it to harden.

Slip forms can be made from proprietary panels if the job is a standard one wheresuch panels can be used. It can also be designed to become bigger or smaller as itrises producing a bigger or smaller structure.

Figure 2 SLIP FORM STRUCTURAL DETAILS



4. REPRESENTING CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULES USING BARCHARTS

Once the jump or slip forms are constructed, the rate of work can be predicted. Slipforming can be carried out 24 hours a day. It can be interrupted but the stop and startof the slide means that a joint has to be made. The form must remain free from thehardening concrete or it will not slide easily.

Often one of the reasons for choosing slip forming is that it allows constructionwithout joints so interruptions are avoided. For this method of construction the workschedule has to be regular and concrete must be delivered constantly. The placementof concrete, reinforcement and blockouts goes on constantly as well as checkinglevels and alignment. In each work shift, decisions must be made about the rate ofslip. If the temperature changes considerably from day-time to night-time the speedof slip might have to be reduced. The work rate can be charted.

The rate of jump forming can also be predicted, because the time between one pourand the next is predictable.

The construction schedule can be shown by a bar chart as shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3 CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE FOR JUMP/SLIP FORMING



5. CONSTRUCTION WORKERS' DUTIES BEFORE, DURING ANDAFTER CONCRETE PLACEMENT

These lists are for slip forming. Jump forming is similar to wall forming, which iscovered in another module.

Before placement

• Make test batches to check the hardening time of the concrete to be used.Make sure that the partial hardening time (the time for the concrete tobecome hard enough to support itself) suits the slip rate. It's no goodhaving the concrete soft on exit from the form because it may fall away.Also it's no good having the concrete become so hard in the form that itcreates too much friction. Friction might cause the concrete to stick to theform and be pulled up with it, leaving unfilled spaces.

• Make sure that the position, vertical alignment and level of the formwork iscorrect.

• Make sure that materials are available for a steady supply of concrete. • Prepare lights and covers for night work and bad weather. • Erect safety net. • Make sure that work platforms and hand-rails are in place and that they are

secure. • Make sure that standby equipment is on hand in case of breakdowns. • If the formwork is aligned with nibs or kickers, make sure that the form is

firmly supported at the joint.

During placement

• Keep work deck clear of debris and concrete which could fall into theformwork.

• Watch for bleeding of water out of the concrete. This changes the

composition of the concrete. • Vibrate the freshly poured concrete only; the concrete at the bottom of the

form may vibrate out. • Check for correct alignment, plumb and level as the form is jacked up. • Make sure that the form is jacked up at constant rate.



• Test the strength of concrete in the form to see if it has set sufficiently atthe desired point within the form. The concrete can be tested more thanone way. There are semi scientific tests like pushing a rod into the form tofeel for resistance, and less scientific tests like pushing the thumb into theconcrete to see if it penetrates more than about 1 mm. If it does then theconcrete is too soft. Change the speed of slip if necessary.

• Check the point of separation of the concrete from the form by pushing a

thin object up into the form from below. • Check for 'blowouts' - soft concrete falling out of the bottom of the form, or

'lifts' - concrete that has stuck to the form and has been lifted away from theconcrete below, leaving a space. Fix them.

• Make sure that all blockouts and penetrations are correctly placed and tied

down. Make sure they do not float. • Make sure that the jacking mechanism is working correctly. • Make sure that steel reinforcement does not protrude into the unfilled form

face space. Bend it so that it does not foul the form as it passes.

After placement

• Vibrate the top layer of concrete. • Remove and clean the formwork while the concrete is still green. • Insert next layer of reinforcement. • Finish the surface of the concrete. • Near the end of the slipping process, rods must be set into the concrete at

the right height so that they will take the weight of the formwork and theyokes can be removed. The rest of the formwork can then be removed.

6. QUALITY CONTROL PROCEDURES TO ENSURE CORRECTSHAPE, SIZE AND ALIGNMENT OF CONCRETE STRUCTURES

Both jump and slip forms have the problem that they might go out of alignment orplumb as they climb. Slip forms might also spiral as they go up unless the alignmentis kept in check. Plumb and levels need to be checked regularly.



DEMONSTRATION

READ

Your instructor will demonstrate how to check plumb and levels. Make some noteson the equipment used and the procedure for future reference.

7. PRODUCING WORKING DRAWINGS FROM PLANS ANDSPECIFICATIONS

Jump and slip forms are specialised structures. They will be designed by engineers.

Slip forms are mostly used for large scale works and are designed by companieswhich specialise in formwork. The design is complex and detailed. For example,forms need to be tapered slightly so that the concrete will separate from the formbefore moving. This means they need to be about 6 mm wider at the bottom of theform than at the top.

Detail drawings may be provided on a scale of 1:5 or 1:10 or 1:20. Constructiondrawings will be on a scale of 1:50 or 1:100 or 1:200.

Figure 4 FORMWORK DETAIL DRAWINGS - PANEL LAYOUT



8. CALCULATING MATERIAL QUANTITIES

The most important calculation in the design of slip forms is the length of time theconcrete needs to be in the formwork. When you know that, the rate of rise can beadjusted to suit.

The time (T) that the concrete spends in the slip form is calculated from the formula:

T = [D - (F + t + t' + L)] / R

Figure 5 FORMWORK DETAIL DRAWINGS - PANEL CONSTRUCTION

Figure 6 FORMWORK DETAIL DRAWINGS - JOINT DETAIL



Where the letters refer to the diagram:

D is the depth of the form

R is the rate of rise of the form

F is the free board

L is the distance between point of separation and toe of the form

t is the thickness of layer of fresh concrete

t' thickness of the next layer needing revibration. This is usually considered to bea quarter of the fresh layer.

Example 1:

Suppose that the liftwell (Figure 8) is to be slip formed at a rate of 30 cm per hour.Calculate the minimum time the concrete has to be in the form before it can holditself up.

Figure 7 THEORETICAL DETAILS OFCONCRETE HARDENING IN THE SLIP FORM



Use the formula:

T = {D - (F + t + t' + L)}/R

to calculate the maximum setting time allowed (T) where:

D is the depth of the form.

F is the free board - the distance between the top of the concrete and the top ofthe form.

L is the distance between the point of separation of the concrete and the toe of theform.

t is the thickness of the layer of concrete added.

t' is the thickness of the adjacent layer of concrete which will be revibrated.

R is the rate of jacking

Figure 8 LIFTWELL PLAN



In this example, let:

D = 120 cm (typical)

F = 25 cm

L = 0 cm (If the point of separation is at the toe of the form, the concrete will havethe longest possible time to harden in the form. If it takes any longer to hardenit will still be soft when it exits the form.)

t = 20 cm

t' = 20/4 = 5 cm

R = 30 cm

Put these figures into the formula, the calculation is not as hard as it looks:

T = {D - (F + t + t' + L)}/R= {120 - (25 + 20 + 5 + 0)}/30= {120 - 50}/30= 70/30= 2.3 hours (approx.)

The concrete must set partially in at least 2 hours 20 minutes or the slip forming willbe a flop.

If the setting time for the concrete is longer then the speed of slip has to be decreasedto allow the concrete to stay in the form longer.



Example 2: Calculation of the required amount of concrete per hour

To calculate the rate of supply of concrete, you need the shape of the constructionand rate of movement of the form.

Assume that the plan of the liftwell in Example 1 is as in Figure 9. Calculate thevolume of concrete that must be delivered to the form every hour.

The shaded area of concrete will be the area of the large square minus the area of thesmall square.

Area of concrete = Area of the large square - area of the small square= (6.0 x 6.0) – (5.4 x 5.4)= 36.0 – 29.16= 6.84 square metres

This area of concrete is laid down to a thickness of 30 cm (or 0.30 m) every hour, sothe volume of concrete needed will be:

6.84 x 0.302.05 cubic metres

Answer: Concrete must be supplied at the rate of 2.05 cubic metres per hour.

Figure 9 EXAMPLE LIFTWELL PLAN



SITE VISIT

Your trainer will take you to a large construction site to view the different types ofjump and slip formwork in use. You may like to take notes, photographs or drawsketches of each type of formwork.

Remember, you are a visitor to the site and as such, must follow all instructions givento you for the safety of yourself and others.



SUMMARY

So far in this module you have covered planning and design of jump forms andslip forms. You should now be able to complete assessment items relating toLearning Outcome 1, Interpret plans and specifications for planning and qualitycontrol of jump and slip formwork.

Self-check exercises in this package are on yellow pages. This exercise has beendesigned to test your understanding of the information you have covered so far.Remember the self-check exercises are not part of the formal assessment ofcompetency for this module.

Answers to the self-check exercises are on the blue pages at the end of the package.

You may find it useful to make your own brief summary below on the eight topics inPlanning and Quality for Jump and Slip Formwork.:

Jump Forms:

Slip Forms:

Design of Jump and Slip Forms:



Construction Workers’ Duties, Before, During and After Concrete Placement:

Quality Control Procedures to Ensure Correct Shape, Size and Alignment ofConcrete Structures:

Producing Working Drawings from Plans, and Specifications:

Calculating Material Quantities:



SELF-CHECK

EXERCISE 1: PLANNING AND QUALITY FOR JUMP AND SLIPFORMWORK

1. For each of these constructions, choose the best method to achieve it. You cananswer 'Jump', 'slip' or 'other' method. Give a brief reason for the choice.

Construction Jump Slip Other Reason

(a) highway paving

(b) basketball stadiumwalls (rectangularbuilding, 15 m high, 30m wide, 50 m long)

(c) lift well for 4 floorbuilding with fewblockouts

(d) slab for first floor ofbuilding

(e) power station coolingtower

(f) the outside walls of sixrectangular flats one ontop of the other. Lotsof blockouts forwindows, doors,balconies. They are tobe constructed inplace.



2. What will happen if the partial setting time is longer than the time that theconcrete is in the slip form?

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_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

3. What are the dangers of allowing the concrete to go hard in the formwork?

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

4. What kind of construction would be more suited to jump forming than slipforming?

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

5. Suppose you are slip forming the core of a building. The daily temperature hasbeen 20°C. Tomorrow the temperature is forecast to be 40°C. What stepsshould you take to ensure that the concrete will not harden too quickly in theforms?

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

6. A square shaft of outside dimension 5 m and inside dimension 4 m is to be slipformed at a rate of 400 mm per hour. Calculate the amount of concreterequired each hour.

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________



PRACTICALACTIVITY

ACTIVITY 1 SLIP AND JUMP FORMS PLANNING ANDQUALITY

Activity 1 will cover all aspects of Assessment Task 1:

Consult your instructor now:

Your instructor will provide you with a complete specification of formwork requiredfor jump and slip form constructions.

Activity 1 requires you to interpret the information given for this formworkstructure which has the following dimensions:

Internal dimensions 2100 mm long wide x 1200 mm high walls of 150 mm wallthickness.

Additionally you are now required to:

• produce working drawings which shows adequate detail to demonstrate yourunderstanding to your instructor’s satisfaction of the specified information given;

• indicate design spacings as given;

• calculate material quantities from specification given;

• discuss strength, safety and economy items of this construction;

• discuss construction workers duties before, during and after concrete placement;

• discuss erection, lifting and slipping cycles; and

• discuss stripping cycles.



SECTION 2 - WORKING WITH JUMP AND SLIP FORMS

READ

INTRODUCTION

In Section One you dealt with the use, design and planning of jump and slipforms.

This section deals with positioning of formwork and related equipment in preparationfor the concrete pour.

This section contains information essential for completing Assessment Tasks 2 and 3which addresses Learning Outcome 2:

2. Set out, construct and assemble formwork for jump or slip form methodsof construction.

The details required for working with jump and slip forms will be presented underseven topics:

• Forming Concrete Nibs• Prefabricating Jump and Slip Formwork• Locating and Strengthening Formwork Lift Points• Placement of Blockouts and Penetrations• Positioning Reinforcement Steel• Positioning Work Platforms and Safety Screens• Installing Yokes and Jacking Systems and Connecting them to the Master

Control Unit

1. FORMING CONCRETE NIBS

A nib can be constructed into a wall as a starting point for the construction of a joiningwall. The nib can be cast simply by slip forming if it doesn't protrude past theformwork walers. If reinforcement needs to be put into the nib, static panels are used atthe face of the nib and the rest of the wall is slipcast in the normal way. However, thedesign of the formwork is more complicated because it has a break in it for the nib.



Nibs aid in the placement of the formwork because they provide vertical support forone side of the form while the other side is put up. They aid the alignment of jumpforms.

All formwork must be located correctly as in the plans. Centre lines are used to locatethe position of walls accurately. The height at which the construction begins is knownas The Datum point or Datum line. The plans will give the height level of importantparts of the building, such as the floor levels. These are used as the Datum Levels.They are also known as Reduced Levels, because they are reduced from the AustralianHeight Datum.

Figure 10 FORMWORK FOR SHALLOW NIBS

Figure 11 NIB IN A CONCRETE WALL



2. PREFABRICATING JUMP AND SLIP FORMWORK

Jump forms need to be constructed from steel panels and strong supporting beams.They also need to include lifting points, and work platforms. These are not easy toconstruct on a building site, where the space is limited. They are easier to construct off-site at a workshop and then transported to the site.

Slip forms can also be constructed off-site. Because most slip forms are for rectangularor circular shapes, the prefabricated parts must be assembled on site.

3. LOCATING AND STRENGTHENING FORMWORK LIFTINGPOINTS

Formwork that has to be lifted must have lifting points which distribute the weight sothat no damage is done to the form. The lifting points must be located carefully. Theyshould be located so that the form is level as it lifts and does not rotate as it rises. If itdoes then it shows that it is out of balance and the centre of gravity of the form is not inline with the lifting cable. This puts too much stress on one lifting point.

If the formwork is constructed with horizontal walers the lifting points should beattached through more than one waler so that the weight is distributed.

Figure 12 CORRECT LIFTING OFIRREGULAR SHAPE



Figure 13 SPREADING THE STRESSES DURING LIFTING



PRACTICALACTIVITY

ACTIVITY 2: CENTRE OF GRAVITY OF A SHAPE

Your instructor will give you a sheet of plywood or Masonite cut to an irregularshape.

Hang the shape from three different points. From each point, draw a line verticallydown. The three lines should cross at one point if you have done the task accuratelysee Figure 14.. This is the 'centre of gravity’ of the shape.

Now attach two lifting points to the shape as if it is to be lifted by a crane. Attach thetwo ends of a string to the points and lift the shape with one finger. Notice where thecentre of gravity is as the shape begins to lift. If it is directly under the finger theshape will lift level. If not, it will tilt. Adjust the lifting points so that the shape liftslevel.

Figure 14 FINDING THE CENTRE OF GRAVITY OF A SHAPE



READ

4. PLACEMENT OF BLOCKOUTS AND PENETRATIONS

The placement of blockouts and penetrations in large jump forms can be difficult.They need to be located accurately and fixed in place so that they do not move. Forthis to happen, jumps need to be smaller around blockouts and penetrations so thataccess for workers is easier.

In slip forming, blockouts are placed as the form moves. They are made a littlethinner than the wall poured, allowing the concrete to flow between the blockout andthe form face. This reduces friction between the blockout and form face. When theformwork has slid past, the thin section of concrete can be broken away exposing theblockout. Blockouts for beams can be placed with reinforcement bent so that itdoesn’t interfere with the form as it slides past. It is bent straight again later. Figure15 shows placement of blockouts in slip forms.

Figure 15 BLOCKOUTS IN A SLIP FORMED WALL



5. POSITIONING REINFORCEMENT STEEL

In slip forming the steel is placed as the form moves. Horizontal steel cannotprotrude far above the form because it will interfere with the lifting mechanism, so ithas to be placed in small sections as the form moves.

In jump forming the reinforcement can be placed in larger sections, but it cannotextend too far above the formwork because it may interfere with the liftingequipment.

6. POSITIONING WORK PLATFORMS AND SAFETY SCREENS

Work platforms must be constructed to Australian Standard specifications. Slipforms are designed with work platforms at the top of the form for placement ofconcrete and reinforcement, and another work platform hanging below the formwork,for the finishing of the concrete surface. This was shown in Figure 4.

Tall jump forms need a work platform at the top of the form for the placement ofconcrete. They might also need a second work platform at the bottom of the form sothat workers can attach it to a previous rise of wall (see Figure 16).

If the rise is small the work platform can be constructed alongside the formworkusing scaffolding.



Safety Screens

Equipment falling from any height becomes a deadly projectile. Slip forms shouldhave safety screens attached below the work platforms to catch tools and equipmentwhich might fall from high levels. The screens must be near the work level and beable to break the fall and deflect the falling objects away from workers below. Safetynets should also be in place to save lives of falling workers.

7. INSTALLING YOKES AND JACKING SYSTEMS AND CONNECTINGTHEM TO THE MASTER CONTROL UNIT

When the form faces of slip forms have been constructed, they need to be attached tothe yokes that will also be attached to the jacks. The jacks either have to be movedby the same amount each hour by hand or they must be moved by electric motorsconnected to a master control unit which regulates the movement of each jack.Electrical systems are most often used.

Figure 16 WORK PLATFORMS FOR JUMP FORMS



SUMMARY

In this section you covered information on working with jump and slip forms . Theknowledge you have gained so far will be used each time you begin work on abuilding site.

This information will assist you to complete Assessment Task 2 or Assessment Task3.

Self-check exercises in this package are on yellow pages. This exercise has beendesigned to test your understanding of the information you have covered so far.


You may find it useful to make your own brief summary below on the seven topics inWorking with Jump and Slip Forms.

Forming Concrete Nibs:

Prefabricating Jump And Slip Formwork:

Lifting Points:

Blockouts And Penetrations:



Reinforcement Steel:

Platforms And Safety Screens:

Yokes And Jacking Systems:



SELF-CHECK

EXERCISE 2: NIB AND BLOCKOUT CONSTRUCTION

1. Explain why nibs are used in formwork.

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

2. In slip forming, why are blockouts made thinner than the walls to be poured?

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________



PRACTICALACTIVITY

ACTIVITY 3 FABRICATE AND POSITION JUMPFORMWORK

Consult your instructor now for your plans and specifications, equipment andformwork to be provided which enable you to complete this activity and meet all ofthe requirements forAssessment Task 2 or Assessment Task 3 as directed by instructor.

You will be required to assemble formwork for a jump form constructionincluding elevation of forms from one lift to the next.

You will be working in a team of a maximum of three people, and you mustdemonstrate your individual skills and knowledge as part of that team.

Set out fabricate and position formwork for jump form construction, eg. a reinforcedconcrete elevator shaft. The forms are to be lifted to the next position. The structuremust encompass the following specifications:

• A minimum internal dimension of 2100 mm long x 2100 mm widex 1200 mm high.

• 150 mm wall thickness.• Provision of internal formwork stripping devices.• Service penetrations and blockout installation.• Anchor points for elevator tracks installed.• Lifting points for slings or lifting beams.

The structure is to be dismantled to demonstrate safe and effective strippingprocedures.

All tolerances are to comply to Australian Standard 3610 or those specified on theplans and specifications for the project.

As a team you will be required to:

• Lift and position formwork components.• Dismantle and clean forms after project completion.


• Set out an internal and external formwork shutter.• Construct an internal and external formwork shutter, cut and fix service

penetrations.• Implement quality assurance procedures throughout the construction process.



SECTION 3 - POSITIONING JUMP AND SLIP FORMS FOR THENEXT LEVEL

READ

INTRODUCTION

In Section Two you covered material on design and working with slip and jumpforms.

This section will deal with the positioning of jump and slip forms for the next levelof building. Although brief this section is equally important to the jump and slipoperation.

The information in this section will assist you to complete the Assessment Task 2 orAssessment Task 3 which addresses learning outcome 3.

3. Position jump and slip forms for the next level.

The details required to position jump and slip forms for the next level will bepresented in four topics.

• Lifting Jump Formwork• Using Electric, Mechanical and Hydraulic Systems• Treating and Repairing Freshly Exposed Concrete Surfaces• Cyclic Construction Schedules



1. LIFTING JUMP FORMWORK

Jump and slip forming becomes more economical the quicker the formwork moves tothe next level.

In the case of jump forming, the formwork cannot be moved until the concrete isstrong enough to stand alone. This means that the form must stay in place for sometime. If the depth of pour is large then the time might be days.

In conventional formwork, stripping times vary between 2 - 9 days, but for verticalforms the time can be about eight hours.

Minimum stripping time makes the work more economical, but the formworkshouldn't be stripped before the concrete is hard enough to maintain shape, so asample of the concrete should be tested before the decision to strip is made by the siteengineer.

Slip forms are moved at a speed which ensures that the concrete is in the form longenough to harden so that it can stand its own weight and the weight of the formwork.We have seen that slip forms hold the concrete for about two hours between lifts.

2. USING ELECTRIC, MECHANICAL AND HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS TOSLIP FORMS

Slip forms lift themselves by climbing up jack rods which are placed in the concreteas it is laid.

The rods are usually put into sheaths so that they can be removed as the form rises. Ifthe rods are threaded mechanical screw jacks can be used.

Hydraulic jacks and centrally controlled electric motors are more often used.

3. TREATING AND REPAIRING THE FRESHLY EXPOSEDCONCRETE SURFACE

The freshly exposed concrete from a slip form may show blemishes which should berepaired. Some concrete may have fallen out, some may have slumped. The surfacewill also the impressions of the form, often called shingling, as it has been jacked up.These should be smoothed.

The freshly exposed surface should be protected from bad weather by a curtain ofmaterial. In hot weather, the concrete can be sprayed with water to slow the curingspeed.



4. CYCLIC CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULES

Some things are better done in the day than at night. The movement of the jumpform to a new place for example, is one activity that is best done when there is thebest light.

Construction can be arranged so that if the work is to be carried on all day and night,then only things that can be done safely at night are done.

Day by day schedules can be worked out so that work continues at all times of theday. When one section of wall has been poured, reinforcement can be placed at thenext position.

If more than one jump form is used at the same time, the work can be arranged sothat one section is poured while another is prepared for pouring and another waits forstripping.

These jobs can be arranged so that particular jobs are done in particular shifts, forexample, stripping is done in the morning only, and pouring is done in the afternoon.

There are quality control procedures which have to be maintained for both jump andslip forming. Checking levels and plumb, checking alignment of construction,checking the quality of the concrete delivered and making sure that the finishedsurface is of the required standard.



SUMMARY

In this section you covered information on positioning jump and slip forms for thenext level. The knowledge you have gained so far will be used each time you beginwork on a building site.

This information will assist you to complete either Assessment Task 2 or AssessmentTask 3.

Self-check exercises in this package are on yellow pages. This exercise has beendesigned to test your understanding of the information you have covered so far.


You may find it useful to make your own brief summary below on the four topics inPositioning Jump and Slip Forms for the Next Level.

Lifting Jump Formwork:

Using Electric, Mechanical And Hydraulic Systems to Slip Forms:

Treating And Repairing Freshly Exposed Concrete Surface:

Cyclic Construction Schedules:



SELF-CHECK

EXERCISE 3: STRIPPING TIMES

1. What is the approximate stripping time for conventional formwork?

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2. What is the approximate stripping time for vertical forms?

_____________________________________________________________________

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PRACTICALACTIVITY

ACTIVITY 4 FORMWORK FOR SLIP FORMCONSTRUCTION

Consult your instructor now for your plans and specifications, equipment andformwork to be provided which enable you to complete this activity and meet all ofthe requirements for Assessment Task 2 or Assessment Task 3 as directed by yourinstructor.

You will be required to construct formwork for slip form construction.

You will be working in a team, minimum of three people, and you must demonstrateyour individual skills and knowledge as part of that team.

Set out, fabricate and position formwork for slip form construction. The structureencompasses the following specifications:

• A minimum internal dimensions of 2100 mm long x 2100 mm wide x 1200mm minimum slipped height with 150 mm wall thickness.

• Simulation of electric, hydraulic or mechanical continuous slipping systems.• Service penetrations and blockout installation.

The structure is to be dismantled to demonstrate safe and effective strippingprocedures.

All tolerances are to comply to Australian Standard 3610 or those specified on theplans and specifications for the project.

As a team you will be required to:

• Construct a concrete starting nib to suit the shaft size and position.• Install reinforcement rods for jacking systems.• Lift and position formwork panels.• Dismantle and clean forms after project completion.


• Set out an internal and external formwork shutter.• Construct an internal and external formwork shutter.• Install yokes onto slipping rods.• Connect the jacks and hoses to yokes.• Control the lifting movements using the master control panel.• Implement quality assurance procedures throughout the construction process.



CONCLUSION

This learning package has combined the theoretical and practical components for themodule CCC349 Jump and Slip Formwork.

Having successfully completed the requirements of this module, you now understand:

• plans and specifications of jump and slip formwork;

• methods of setting out, constructing and assembling jump and slip formwork;

• positioning and moving jump and slip formwork for the next level.

You can expect to apply your knowledge and skills again and again on a range ofbuilding sites.

Those who developed this package hope that you have found its style and preparationeasy to use.

Congratulations on having successfully completed theModuleCCC349 Jump and Slip Formwork



SELF-CHECK ANSWERS

EXERCISE 1: PLANNING AND QUALITY FOR JUMP ANDSLIP FORMWORK

1. For each of these constructions, choose the best method to achieve it. You cananswer 'Jump', 'slip' or 'other' method. Give a brief reason for the choice.

Construction Jump Slip Other Reason

(a) highway paving 9

Economy of construction

(b) basketball stadium walls(rectangular building, 15m high, 30 m wide, 50 mlong)

9

Too large for slip forms.Most economical for largeproject.

(c) lift well for 4 floorbuilding with fewblockouts

9

Not large enough for jumpforms and not high enoughfor slip forms.

(d) slab for first floor ofbuilding

9

Slip or jump forms noteconomical for one offprojects.

(e) power station coolingtower

9

Ideal for slip form. Planview small but high tower.

(f) the outside walls of sixrectangular flats one ontop of the other. Lots ofblockouts for windows,doors, balconies. Theyare to be constructed inplace.

9

Too many blockouts for slipforms. Jump form suitsrepetition work with manyblockouts.



2. What will happen if the partial setting time is longer than the time that theconcrete is in the slip form?

The concrete will be too soft. The building will fall down.

3. What are the dangers of allowing the concrete to go hard in the formwork?

Too much friction. Lifting of concrete.

4. What kind of construction would be more suited to jump forming than slipforming?

Jump forming will be a good choice for the following reasons:

(a) Jump forms can be designed to suit inclusions such as floors andbeams by adjusting the size of the forms.

(b) There is no need to worry about collapse of thin walls.

(c) Friction is not a problem so thick walls can be constructed moreeasily.

(d) Tapered walls are easily catered for in the design of the form.

(e) Pouring of concrete is not continuous so it can be arrange atconvenient times to fit in with other activities such as strippinganother section, or shiftwork.

(f) The off-form finish of the work may not need to be touched.

5. Suppose you are slip forming the core of a building. The daily temperature hasbeen 20C. Tomorrow the temperature is forecast to be 40C. What steps shouldyou take to ensure that the concrete will not harden too quickly in the forms?

Increase the slip speed, or ask the concrete supplier to provide slowersetting concrete.

6. A square shaft of outside dimension 5 m and inside dimension 4 m is to beslip formed at a rate of 400 mm per hour. Calculate the amount of concrete required

each hour.

3.6 cubic metres per hour



SELF-CHECK ANSWERS

EXERCISE 2: NIB AND BLOCKOUT CONSTRUCTION

1. Explain why nibs are used in formwork.

Nibs aid in the placement of formwork because they provide verticalsupport for one side of the form while the other side is erected.

2. In slip forming, why are blockouts made thinner than the walls to be poured?

It allows concrete to flow between the blockout and the form face. Thishelps to reduce friction between the blockout and form face when the slipform is moved.



SELF-CHECK ANSWERS

EXERCISE 3: STRIPPING TIMES

1. What is the approximate stripping time for conventional formwork?

2 - 9 days.

2. What is the approximate stripping time for vertical forms?

Approximately 8 hours.

Calculation of Time Slp Frmwrk

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