Calculating regional gross nutrient balances
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Transcript of Calculating regional gross nutrient balances
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Calculating regional gross nutrient balances
Anne Miek Kremer & Kees Olsthoorn
from statistical and administrative data
Statistics Netherlands
A Working Program
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Main Flows in Nitrogen Balances
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Livestock manure
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Two regions feed rations for ruminants
Silage grass
Silage maize
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Excretion coefficients and feed balances
What livestock consumes must result either in urine/manure or in product (milk, meat etc).
Ruminants: regional feed balances to calculate excretion coefficients
Other livestock: national averaged excretion coefficients
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Regional feed balances for ruminants
Feed available for ruminants in the region:• Silage grass and hay: annual survey• Silage maize: annual survey• Concentrates: national sales statistics, index numbers • Meadow grass: unknown, calculated in the feed balance• Dairy cows: consumption of conserved roughage and concentrates
is variable• Other ruminants: consumption of conserved roughage and
concentrates based on norms• Feed is expressed in VEM (measure for the feeding value)
Feed requirements • Dairy cows: feed requirement is depending on milk production• Other ruminants: standard feed requirements
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Regional feed balances for ruminants
kVEM per
animal
Concentrates Silage grass and hay
Silage maize
Meadow grass
Dairy
cowsx ? ? ? ?
Other Ruminants
x x x x ?
Total x x x ?
kVEM per
animal
Concentrates Silage grass and hay
Silage maize
Meadow grass
1 Dairy
cow6000 = ? + ? + ? + ?
1 Other cow
3000 = 500 + 1000 + 1000 + ?
Total 2500 3000 2500 ?
kVEM per
animal
Concentrates Silage grass and hay
Silage maize
Meadow grass
1 Dairy
cow6000 = ? + ? + ? + ?
1 Other cow
3000 = 500 + 1000 + 1000 + 500
Total 2500 3000 2500 ?
kVEM per
animal
Concentrates Silage grass and hay
Silage maize
Meadow grass
1 Dairy
cow6000 = 2000 + 2000 + 1500 + ?
1 Other cow
3000 = 500 + 1000 + 1000 + 500
Total 2500 3000 2500 ?
kVEM per
animal
Concentrates Silage grass and hay
Silage maize
Meadow grass
1 Dairy
cow6000 = 2000 + 2000 + 1500 + 500
1 Other cow
3000 = 500 + 1000 + 1000 + 500
Total 2500 3000 2500 1000
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Problems with the feed balance for ruminants
Two regions:
Very low consumption of meadow grass by dairy cows
NUTS-2 regions:
Negative consumption of meadow grass by dairy cows in some regions
meadow grass consumption per dairy cow
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
kg d
s SE
NW
meadow grass consumption per dairy cow 2006
-1.000
-500
0
500
1.000
1.500
2.000
GR FR DR OV FL GL UT NH ZH ZL NB LB
kg
ds
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Underestimation of feed requirements
Underestimation of feed requirements of dairy cows
Underestimation of feed requirements of other ruminants
Overestimation of VEM-value of meadow grass
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Overestimation of silage maize
Maize available for ruminants in year t = production year t-1
Not taken into account:
• Exports of maize
• Energy production
• Stock changes
14 ton ds/ha CBS, 12,5 ton ds/ha other research
bruto production maize
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
ton
ds/h
a
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Overestimation of silage grass and hay
Silage grass and hay available year t = production year t + stock
changes
Response silage grass harvest: Grass in pit or field production?
Response grassland area in use: Grassland survey > FSS
Raising results:• 1) production region survey * grassland area region survey (FSS)
total grassland area region (FSS)
• 2) average production per ha region * total grassland area region (FSS)
Underestimation of grassland production (meadow grass, silage grass, hay)
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Other problems effecting feed availability
Consumption of grass by animals not counted in the FSS
• FSS 135.000 horses; reality between 300.000-500.000 horses
Consumption of concentrates by other ruminants in pasture
season
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Allocation of feed between regions
Export and import of feed between regions
Regional differences in feed rations of other ruminants
Regional differences in intake of concentrates by dairy cows
consumption of meadowgrass per dairy cow
-1.000
-500
0
500
1.000
1.500
2.000
GR FR DR OV FL GL UT NH ZH ZL NB LB
kg/c
ow
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Conclusions
Expert discussion on problems, causes and solutions
• Improvement of excretion coefficients for ruminants for two regions
• Data on export and import of feed between regions
Option 1: calculating excretion coefficients on the NUTS-2 level for dairy cows.
Option 2: calculating excretion coefficients for two regions for ruminants