CAFS 2011 Course Catalog

8/7/2019 CAFS 2011 Course Catalog

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cafs-2011-course-catalog 1/27

7

:744 Nhpz~` Ndvdihmp`NDA^ L`dftpdzv`z~

N`bvz` ahz Dazendb Adoeiu vpfe`~ ,NDA^%

W"H" Jh| 17706) 77:77 Bdezhje) C`bud

Vì"; :06/:7/:=>46=5(:=>46<1

Ad|; :06/:7/:=>46<5

Ohjei`; :06/=:: :70 4=5(:06/=>> 174 =10

@odei;ebahGnda~"hzm

Iho` Nhpbvzu Haaen`

N`bvz` f@vpf`~ f` id Adoeii` Dazendeb` ,N@AD%

JW <70:5) Ihoå) VhmhVåi" ; ::</::: >1 67

Ad| ; ::</::: >0 <=

@odei;nàdGnàdiho`"hzm

Bem`zed Nhpbvzu Haaen`

Cdv~ebd Lhp~` ,Vlezf Aihhz%

Wihv <7 Zdiwl ^lhfèbf` ^vz``v

N`bvzdi Jp~eb`~~ Fe~vzenv

Djpkd ANV) Bem`zed

Vì; #:>6<71<>5><55

@odei; nda~bem`zedGnda~"hzm

@vlehwed Nhpbvzu Haaen`

M`zk` ^doe Jifm :bf Aiz

W"H Jh| >>474Dffe~ Djdjd @vlehwed

Vì; #:04,7% 441:5<>55(1:5<670

@odei; nda~`vlG`vlehb v"`v

lvvw;((}}}"nda~"hzm



4

NDA^ nhpz~`~ haa`z`f eb @bmie~l eb Bdezhje) C`bud Djpkd)

Bem`zed hz Dffe~ Djdjd) @vlehwed"

Dfqdbn`~ eb J`ldqehz Nldbm` Nhoopbendvehb ahz Z`wzhfpnveq` L`divl dbf LEQ!DEF^

1/47 Kpb`) :744

C`bud

Ebv`mzdvehb ha Adoeiu Widbbebm(Z`wzhfpnveq` L`divl ,AW(ZL% dbf LEQ!DEF^ Wzhmzdoo`~

:7 Kpb`/4 Kpiu) :744

Bem`zed

45/>7 `wvòj`z) :744

C`bud

Ebvzhfpnvehb vh Ohbevhzebm dbf @qdipdvehb ha Z`wzhfpnveq` L`divl dbf LEQ!DEF^

Wzhmzdoo`~

44/40 Kpiu) :744

C`bud

Dfqdbn`~ eb Eowdnv O`d~pzò`bv) Ohbevhzebm dbf @qdipdvehb ha Z`wzhfpnveq` L`divl dbf

LEQ!DEF^ Wzhmzdoo`~"

4</:: Kpiu) :744

C`bud

F`qìhwebm Dfqhndnu vzdv`me`~ ahz `|pdi Z`wzhfpnveq` L`divl dbf LEQ!DEF^ Wzhmzdo~

4/0 Dpmp~v) :744

C`bud

Hzmdbe{dvehbdi F`qìhwo`bv dbf I`dzbebm

4=/:4 Hnvhj`z) :744

C`bud

I`df`z~lew dbf Odbdmò`bv ha Z`wzhfpnveq` L`divl dbf LEQ!DEF^ Wzhmzdo~

:6 Hnvhj`z/6 Bhqòj`z) :744

C`bud

Cbh}i`fm` Odbdmò`bv ahz L`divl dbf F`qìhwo`bv Hzmdbe{dvehb~

::/:1 Bhqòj`z) :744

@vlehwed



:

NDA^ nhpz~`~ haa`z`f eb Az`bnl eb Ihoå) Vhmh

Nhpz~ `b Azdbíde~ `b :744

Nhoopbendvehb whpz i` nldbmò`bv f` nhowhzvò`bv fdb~ id ipvv` nhbvz` i` QEL(êfd) id

Vpj`znpih~` v i` Wdipfe~o`

4> / 4= kpeb :744

Odbdmò`bv) I`df`z~lew v Jhbb` mhpq`zbdbn` whpz i`~ wzhmzdoo`~ f` fåqìhwwò`bv

4< / :5 kpeii`v :744

M`~vehb @aaendn` f`~ Wzhmzdoo`~ f` ^dbvå

40 / :1 dhóv :744

^peqe `v @qdipdvehb f`~ Wzhmzdoo`~ f` QEL!ÊFD

0 / 41 ~`wvòjz` :744



>

Nhpz~`~ Haa`z`f Hb/Fòdbf

Vl` ahiih}ebm dz` nhpz~`~ vldv dz` haa`z`f hb fòdbf vh wpjien dbf wzeqdv` eb~vevpvehb~ eb Dazend hz djzhdf" Vl`~`

nhpz~`~ odu j` np~vhoe{`f vh aev vl` ~w`neaen b``f~ ha vl` nie`bv~ dbf vl` j`bàenedze`~" Vl` vpevehb a`` ahz nhpz~`~

haa`z`f hb/fòdbf ~vdzv~ dv &<)777 ahz pw vh :0 wdzvenewdbv~" Ea uhp }hpif iec` vh i`dzb ohz` djhpv NDA^~ Hb/

fòdbf Nhpz~`~ wi`d~` odei nhpz~`~Gnda~"hzm

Z`~`dznl dbf O`d~pzò`bv Nhpz~`~4" Ebvzhfpnvehb vh O!@ ha LEQ(DEF^ 0 fdu~

:" Dfqdbn`f O!@ ha LEQ(DEF^ 0 fdu~

>" T pdievdveq` Z`~`dznl O`vlhf~ dbf Vhhi~ 0 fdu~

6" Z`~`dznl vh Whienu dbf Dnvehb ]hzc~lhw > fdu~

Hzmdbe{dvehbdi F`qìhwo`bv Nhpz~`~4" ENV dbf ]`j :"7 ahz L`divl dbf F`qìhwo`bv Hzmdbe{dvehb~ / > fdu~

:" Cbh}i`fm` Odbdmò`bv ahz L`divl dbf F`qìhwo`bv Hzmdbe{dvehb~ /0 fdu~

>" I`df`z~lew dbf Odbdmò`bv ha ZL dbf LEQ!DEF^ 47 fdu~

6" Hzmdbe{dvehbdi F`qìhwo`bv dbf I`dzbebm0" Z`~hpzn` Ohjeie{dvehb dbf Wzhwh~di ]zevebm ahz ZL dbf LEQ!DEF^ Wzhmzdoo`~ 0 Fdu~

1" ^vzdv`men Widbbebm ahz L`divl dbf F`qìhwo`bv Hzmdbe{dvehb~ > fdu~

L`divl û~vò~ ^vz`bmvl`bebm Nhpz~`~4" Dfqdbn`~ eb J`ldqehz Nldbm` Nhoopbendvehb 0 fdu~

:" Ebv`mzdvehb ha ZL(AW dbf LEQ!DEF^ 47 fdu~

>" Wzhohvebm M`bf`z dbf Zemlv~ eb ZL dbf LEQ!DEF^ 0 fdu~

6" ^pw`zqe~ebm LEQ!DEF^ ^`zqen`~ 0 fdu~

0" Dfqhndnu ha ^ZL dbf LEQ!DEF^ 0 fdu~

1" Npivpzdiiu `b~eveq` Dwwzhdnl`~ vh Wz`q`bvehb ha M`bf`z Jd~`f Qehi`bn` 0 fdu~

=" L`divl Aebdbnebm 0 fdu~

<" L`divl Odbdmò`bv û~vò~ 0 fdu~5" Odbdmebm LEQ!DEF^ Wzhmzdoo`~ dv vl` ]hzcwidn` 0 fdu~

47" ^vz`bmvl`bebm Opive/^`nvhzdi Z`~whb~`~ vh M`bf`z Jd~`f Qehi`bn` 0 fdu~



6

Nhbv`bv~

Djhpv NDA^ """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 0

Vzdebebm) V`nlbendi D~~e~vdbn` ! Z`~`dznl """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" =

NDA^ Nhpz~`~ vh j` Haa`z`f eb C`bud) @vlehwed) dbf Bem`zed """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" <

JN:7:; Dfqdbn`~ eb J`ldqehpz Nldbm` Nhoopbendvehb ahz LEQ!DEF^) VJ dbf Odidzed """""""""""""""""""""""" <

EB:7:; Ebv`mzdvehb ha Z`wzhfpnveq` L`divl(Adoeiu Widbbebm ,ZL(AW% dbf LEQ(DEF^ """""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 5

O@474; Ebvzhfpnvehb vh Ohbevhzebm dbf @qdipdvehb ha Z`wzhfpnveq` L`divl dbf LEQ ! DEF^

Wzhmzdoo`~ """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 47

O@:7:; Dfqdbn`~ eb Eowdnv O`d~pzò`bv) Ohbevhzebm dbf @qdipdvehb ha Z`wzhfpnveq` L`divl dbf

LEQ ! DEF^ Wzhmzdoo`~ """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 44

DF:7:; F`qìhwebm Dfqhndnu vzdv`me`~ ahz `|pdi dbf Z`wzhfpnveq` L`divl dbf LEQ ! DEF^ """""""""""" 4:

HI:7:; Hzmdbe{dvehbdi F`qìhwo`bv dbf I`dzbebm """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 4>

IO:7:; I`df`z~lew dbf Odbdmò`bv ha Z`wzhfpnveq` L`divl) dbf LEQ ! DEF^ Wzhmzdoo`~ """"""""""""" 46CO47:; Cbh}i`fm` Odbdmò`bv ahz L`divl dbf F`qìhwo`bv Hzmdbe{dvehb~ """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 40

NDA^ nhpz~`~ vh j` haa`z`f eb Ihoå) Vhmh """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 41

Nhoopbendvehb whpz pb Nldbmò`bv f` Nhowhzvò`bv fdb~ id Ipvv` nhbvz` i` QEL `v i` êfd) id

Vpj`znpih~` v i` Wdipfe~o` """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 41

Odbdmò`bv) I`df`z~lew `v Jhbb` mhpq`zbdbn` whpz i`~ wzhmzdoo`~ f` fåqìhwwò`bv """""""""""""" 4<

M`~vehb @aaendn f`~ Wzhmzdoo`~ f` ^dbvå """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" :7

^peqe v @qdipdvehb f`~ Wzhmzdoo`~ f` Ipvv` nhbvz` i` QEL `v i` efd""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" ::

Lh} vh Dwwiu """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" :6

Nhpz~` dwwiendvehb ahzo """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" :0



0

Djhpv NDA^

@~v" 45=0

l` N`bvz` ahz Dazendb Adoeiu ^vpfe`~ ,NDA^% e~ db dpvhbhohp~ Dazendb eb~vevpvehb f`fendv`f vh ~vz`bmvl`bebm

vl` ndwdneve`~ ha hzmdbe{dvehb~ dbf ebfeqefpdi~ }hzcebm eb vl` aeìf ha l`divl ) LEQ ! DEF^) whwpidvehb dbf

f`qìhwo`bv eb hzf`z vh nhbvzejpv` vh eowzhqebm vl` tpdievu ha iea` ha adoeie`~ eb ~pj/^dldzdb Dazend"

NDA^ ld~ j``b ~`zqebm Dazend ~ebn` 45=0) dbf e~ hb` ha vl` a`} ebv`zbdvehbdi BMH~ ,eBMH% vldv dz` jd~`f eb vl`Dazendb Nhbveb`bv dbf w`zldw~ vl` hbiu Dazendb/jd~`f eBMH }evlhpv db haaen` eb @pzhw` hz Bhzvl Do zend" NDA^

mhq`zbebm jhdzf e~ nhowh~`f ha beb` ebv`zbdvehbdi `|w`zv~ eb z`wzhfpnveq` l`divl) LEQ!DEF^ dbf hvl`z

f`qìhwo`bv aeìf~" NDA^ nhbfpnv~ nhpz~`~ dbf pbf`zvdc`~ z`~`dznl dbf nhb~pivdbnu ~`zqen`~ azho ~vzdv`mendiiu

ihndv`f jd~`~ eb @d~v dbf ]`~v Dazend ,Nhzwhzdv` L`df Haaen` eb Bdezhje) C`bud3 N`bvzdi ! ]`~v Dazend Z`mehbdi

Haaen` eb Iho`) Vhmh3 dbf Nhpbvzu Haaen`~ eb Djpkd) Bem`zed dbf Dffe~ Djdjd) @vlehwed%" NDA^ ~`zqen`~ dz` wzhqef`f

ju lemliu tpdieae`f wzha`~~ehbdi~ }lh nho` azho d qdze`vu ha fe~newieb`~3 ebnipfebm z`wzhfpnveq` l`divl) LEQ!DEF^)

whwpidvehb dbf f`qìhwo`bv) dbf hzmdbe~dvehb dbf odbdmò`bv f`qìhwo`bv" Vl` NDA^ v`do zài`nv~ ~vzhbm

aeìf |w`ze`bn` dbf d wzhahpbf cbh}i`fm` ha vl` Dazendb ~hnedi dbf npivpzdi bqezhbo`bv"

Wdzvenewdbv Mzhpw ]hzc @vlehwed

V



1

]lu nlhh~` NDA^ nhpz~`~8

Vl` N`bvz` ahz Dazendb Adoeiu ^vpfe`~ ,NDA^% ld~ hq`z vlezvu u`dz~ `|w`ze`bn` eb wzhmzdoo`~ eb vl` dz`d ha

Z`wzhfpnveq` L`divl ,ZL% dbf LEQ ! DEF^ }evl ahnp~ hb Dfqhndnu) J`ldqehpz Nldbm` Nhoopbendvehb ,JNN% )

Odbdmò`bv dbf I`df`z~lew) LEQ ! DEF^ Vz`dvo`bv) Ndz` dbf ^pwwhzv) LEQ ! DEF^ Nhoopbevu/jd~`f(Lho`/

jd~`f Ndz` dbf ^pwwhzv) Nhoopbevu/jd~`f Z`wzhfpnveq` L`divl ^`zqen`~) Uhpvl ^`|pdi dbf Z`wzhfpnveq` L`divl

dbf LEQ ! DEF^) M`bf`z dbf @owh}`zo`bv) Whwpidvehb dbf F`qìhwo`bv"

]hzif Nid~~ @|w`ze`bn`

êbn` 45=0) NDA^ ld~ vzdeb`f hq`z 46)777 whienu odc`z~ ,ebnipfebm Wdziedo`bvdzedb~ dbf Oebe~v`z~%) ~`behz

hzmdbe~dvehbdi dbf wzhmzdoo` `|`npveq`~) z`~`dznl dbf `qdipdvehb odbdm`z~ dbf haaen`z~) wzhmzdoo` odbdm`z~

dbf ~`zqen` wzhqef`z~" NDA^ ld~ nhbfpnv`f nhpz~`~ hz v`nlbendi d~~e~vdbn` d~~embo`bv~ eb 64 Dazendb nhpbvze`~ dbf

ld~ z`nèq`f wdzvenewdbv~ azho @pzhw`) Bhzvl Do`zend) ^hpvl Do`zend) D~ed) dbf `q`zu nhpbvzu eb Dazend" Hpz

vzdebebm dwwzhdnl e~ ai`|eji` dbf ebnhzwhzdv`~ lemliu wdzvenewdvhzu vzdebebm o`vlhf~ vldv dz` ~pevdji` vh dfpiv

i`dzbebm) ~pnl d~ wi`bdzu fe~np~~ehb~) mzhpw }hzc) dbf nd~` ~vpfe`~" NDA^ v`nlbendi ~vdaa bhv hbiu ahiih}/pw }evl

wdzvenewdbv~ jpv di~h wzhqef` ahpz lhpz~ ha az`` v`nlbendi d~~e~vdbn`" Hpz mhdi e~ vh jpeif ~pw`zehz ndwdnevu vh `b~pz`

àa`nveq` odbdmò`bv ha l`divl) whwpidvehb dbf f`qìhwo`bv wzhmzdoo`~ dbf hzmdbe{dvehb~" ]` ihhc ahz}dzf vh

}hzcebm }evl uhp vh ~vz`bmvl`b l`divl ~`zqen`~ eb Dazend"

Hq`z :> Nhpz~` Vhwen~ Dqdeidji` Hb/FòdbfNDA^ haa`z~ dbbpdi nhpz~`~ eb Bdezhje) Iho`) Djpkd) dbf Dffe~ Djdjd d~ }ìi d~ ~`q`zdi nhpz~`~ vldv dz` haa z`f hb

fòdbf" Nie`bv~ ndb nlh~` azho v}`bvu/vlz`` nhpz~`~ zìdv`f vh L`divl û~vò~ ^vz`bmvl`bebm dbf ^`zqen`

Wzhqe~ehb) Z`~`dznl dbf O`d~pzò`bv) dbf Hzmdbe{dvehbdi F`qìhwo`bv"

Dfpiv I`dzbebm @bqezhbo`bv

NDA^ vzdebebm lìw~ z`wzhfpnveq` l`divl dbf LEQ ! DEF^ f`ne~ehb odc`z~ vh o``v Dazend~ npzz`bv nldii`bm`~" Vl`

vzdebebm dwwzhdnl e~ ai`|eji` dbf ebnhzwhzdv`~ lemliu wdzvenewdvhzu dbf `|w`ze`bvedi vzdebebm o`vlhf~ vldv ~pevdji`

vh dfpiv i`dzbebm) ~pnl d~ wi`bdzu fe~np~~ehb~) mzhpw }hzc) dbf nd~` ~vpfe`~" NDA^ wzdnvendi dbf }hzc/zìdv`f

vzdebebm `bdji`~ wdzvenewdbv~ vh eoo`fedvìu vzdb~a`z vlèz b`} ~ceii~ ebvh vlèz }hzc `bqezhbo`bv" Vzdeb``~

f`qìhw wzhk`nv wzhwh~di~ dbf dnvehb widb~ vldv ~``c ~hipvehb~ vh wzhjiò~ vlù }dbv vh z`~hiq` eb vlèz z`~w`nveq`

nhpbvze`~"

Np~vhoe{`f Nhpz~`~

Ea uhp fh bhv aebf d nhpz~` vldv aev~ uhpz `|dnv b``f~) NDA^ ndb wzhqef` nhpz~`~ eb @bmie~l hz Az`bnl vldv dz`

vdeihz`f vh uhpz b``f~ ha uhpz hzmdbe{dvehb" NDA^ v`nlbendi ~vdaa }hzc nih~ìu }evl nie`bv~ vh `b~pz` vldv vl` b``f~

ha vl` hzmdbe{dvehb dbf vl` òwihu``~ dz` o`v dbf vl` `|w`nv`f hpvwpv~ ha vl` nhpz~` dz` apiaeii`f" Np~vhoe{`f

nhpz~`~ diih} vl` p~`z vh bhv hbiu ~ì`nv nhbv`bv jpv di~h vh nlhh~` j`v}``b ahzodi dbf ebahzodi dwwzhdnl`~ vh

vzdebebm dbf vh ~`v wdzdo`v`z~ ~pnl d~ fpzdvehb) ~ì`nvehb dbf p~` ha odv`zedi~) wdzvenewdbv ~ceii~ i`qì dbf vzdebebm

`bqezhbo`bv" Dii NDA^ nhpz~`~ nhowze~ ha d bpoj`z ha ohfpi`~ vldv ndb j` `d~eiu dfdwv`f vh o``v vl` b``f~ ha

vl` z`tp`~vebm dm`bnu"

^pwwhzv û~vò~ ahz Cbh}i`fm` Dwwiendvehb

Vh `b~pz` vldv vl` cbh}i`fm` mdeb`f azho vl` nhpz~` e~ dwwie`f hb khj) NDA^ v`nlbendi ~vdaa bhv hbiu ahiih}/pw

}evl wdzvenewdbv~ jpv di~h wzhqef` ahpz lhpz~ ha az`` v`nlbendi d~~e~vdbn`" Dii nhpz~` wdzvenewdbv~ dz` z`tpez`f vh

wzhfpn` db dnvehb widb vldv fòhb~vzdv`~ lh} vl` cbh}i`fm` mdeb`f vlzhpml vl` nhpz~` `|w`ze`bn` }eii àa`nvnldbm` eb vlèz z`~w`nveq` hzmdbe{dvehb~"



=

Vzdebebm) V nlbendi D~~e~vdbn` ! Z`~`dznl

Z`mehbdi Nhpz~`~

NDA^ vzdebebm dwwzhdnl e~ ai`|eji` dbf ebnhzwhzdv`~ d qdze`vu ha vzdebebm o`vlhf~ vldv `bdji` l`divl ndz` wzhqef`z~)

dfoebe~vzdvhz~) z`~`dznl`z~ dbf wzhmzdoo` odbdm`z~ vh o``v Dazend~ l`divl ndz` nldii`bm`~"

Vl`~` zdbm` azho ahzodi i`nvpz`~ hz vpvhzedi~ vh ~òebdz~ dbf }hzc~lhw~) hz vh ohz` ebahzodi hb/vl`/khj

dwwz`bven`~lew~ dbf o`bvhzebm wzhmzdoo`~" Ahzodi vzdebebm e~ vòw`z`f }evl mzhpw fe~np~~ehb dbf wzdnvendi

aeìf}hzc ahz d }ìi/jdidbn`f dwwzhdnl"

Lemliu `|w`ze`bn`f wdzvenewdbv~) }evl feq`z~` `|w`zve~`) wzhqef` ahz `|nìi`bv nzh~~/jhzf`z `|nldbm`~" Vl`~`

`|nldbm`~ ahzo vl` jd~e~ ahz f`qìhwebm dnvehb widb~ }evl ebbhqdveq` ~vzdv`me`~"

Nhpz~`~ Haa`z`f Eb/Nhpbvzu dbf Hb/Fòdbf

NDA^ nhbfpnv~ eb/nhpbvzu nhpz~`~ vh o``v vl` idzm`/~ndi` w`z~hbbì z`tpezò`bv~ ha whwpidvehb~ }lenl dz`

ebnz`d~ebmiu fòdbfebm dnn ~~ vh z`wzhfpnveq` l`divl ,ZL% dbf LEQ ! DEF^ `fpndvehb dbf ~`zqen`~" Vl`~` nhpz~`~

ndb j`vv`z o``v vl` ~ndidvebm fòdbf ahz ~ceii`f odbdm`z~ dbf ~`zqen` wzhqef`z~"

V`nlbendi D~~e~vdbn`

NDA^ e~ d i`dfebm wzhqef`z ha nhb~pivebm dbf dfqe~hzu ~`zqen`~ eb Z`wzhfpnveq` L`divl) LEQ ! DEF^ dbf Whwpidvehb !

F`qìhwo`bv" P~ebm d wdzvenewdvhzu dwwzhdnl vh hzmdbe{dvehbdi f`qìhwo`bv dbf ~`zqen` fìeq`zu) NDA^ z`~whbf~

vh ev~ nie`bv~ wzhmzdoo` dbf odbdmò`bv nldii`bm`~ dnzh~~ bdvehbdi jhpbfdze`~" NDA^ wzha`~~ehbdi ~vdaa

wzhqef`~ ~lhzv/ dbf ihbm/v`zo v`nlbendi d~~e~vdbn` ~`zqen`~ eb Azdbnhwlhb` dbf Dbmihwlhb` ~pj/^dldzdb Dazendb

nhpbvze`~ eb eb~vevpvehbdi ndwdnevu jpeifebm) ~vzdv`men widbbebm) wzhmzdoo` qdipdvehb dbf f`qìhwo`bv) npzzenpipo

f`qìhwo`bv dbf hw`zdvehb~ z`~`dznl"

NDA^ d~~e~v~ nie`bv~ vh nhbq`zv ebahzodvehb ebvh eb~emlv~ dbf hw`zdvehb~ eb hzf`z vh eowzhq` nie`bv àaene`bnu dbf

w`zahzodbn`"



<

NDA^ Nhpz~`~ vh j` Haa`z`f eb C`bud) @vlehwed) dbf Bem`zed

JN:7:; Dfqdbn`~ eb J`ldqehpz Nldbm` Nhoopbendvehb ahz

LEQ!DEF^) VJ dbf Odidzed1/47 Kpb`) :744

Bdezhje) C`bud

Wzhohvebm wh~eveq` j`ldqehpz nldbm` e~ d nhowi`| wzhn`~~ z`tpezebm d vlhzhpml pbf`z~vdbfebm ha }ldv ohveqdv`~

w`hwi` vh dfhwv hz z`~e~v b`} j`ldqehpz~" J`ldqehpz Nldbm` Nhoopbendvehb ,JNN% dwwzhdnl`~ z`nhmbe~` vldv

wz`~`bvebm adnv~ dihb` fh`~ bhv mpdzdbv`` j`ldqehpz nldbm`" Ebfeqefpdi~ dz` mz`dviu ebaip`bn f bhv hbiu ju vlèz

h}b cbh}i`fm` djhpv e~~p`~ jpv di~h ju ~hnedi wz`~~pz`~ `|`zv`f ju vlèz w``z~ dbf vl` idzm`z nhoopbevu

ebnipfebm npivpz`) ~hne`vdi bhzo~) id}~ dbf whiene`~" JNN ~vzdv`me`~ dz` vl`zàhz f`~emb`f vh dnnhoohfdv` vl

~vdm` ha j`ldqehpz dfhwvehb ha db ebfeqefpdi dbf vh eowdzv cbh}i`fm` dbf ~ceii~ dbf wzhqef` w~unlh~hnedi ~pwwhzv

vldv ebfeqefpdi~ b``f vh ebevedv` dbf ~p~vdeb nldbm`"

Vle~ hb`/}``c nhpz~` e~ f`~emb`f vh `tpew wzhmzdoo` odbdm`z~) haaen`z~ dbf l`divl `fpndvhz~ }hzcebm eb JNN

wzhmzdoo`~ }evl ~ceii~ vh f`~emb dbf eowiò`bv àa`nveq` ebv`zq`bvehb~ ahz LEQ!DEF^" Vl` nhpz~` z`~hbdv`~ }evl

z`n`bv dfqdbn`~ dbf cbh}i`fm` eb nhoopbendvehb ahz l`divl dbf ~hnedi nldbm` eb hzf`z vh eowzhq` l`divl

hpvnho`~" Nhpz~` nhbv`bv ebnipf`~ hq`zqe`} ha j`ldqehzdi vl`hzu dbf j`ldqehz nldbm`) f`~embebm d JNN ~vzdv`mu)

o`~~dm` f`qìhwo`bv) dbf O!@ dohbm~v hvl`z~" Vle~ nhpz~` e~ f`~emb`f ahz vlh~` }hzcebm eb vl` aeìf ha

LEQ!DEF^ wz`q`bvehb dbf fpndvehb"

Nhpz~` Ahnp~ Pbf`z~vdbfebm J`ldqehpz dbf J`ldqehpz nldbm`

F`~embebm @aa`nveq` J`ldqehpz Nldbm` Nhoopbendvehb Ebv`zq`bvehb~ ahz LEQ!DEF^) VJ dbf Odidzed

wzhmzdoo`~

Wzhohvebm l`divl iev`zdnu dohbm nhoopbeve`~ F`qìhwebm dwwzhwzedv` o`~~dm`~ dbf Odv`zedi~ vh wzhohv` J`ldqehpz Nldbm`

Nhpz~` J`bàev~Dv vl` `bf ha vl` nhpz~`) wdzvenewdbv~ }eii j` dji` vh;

F`qìhw àa`nveq` j`ldqehpz nldbm` nhoopbendvehb dwwzhdnl`~ ahz LEQ!DEF^) VJ dbf Odidzed wz`q`bvehb)

ndz` dbf ~pwwhzv ebv`zq`bvehb~3

Nhbfpnv j`ldqehpz dbdiu~e~ vh ef`bveau ohveqdvhz~ dbf eblejevhz~ vh j`ldqehpz nldbm`

Nhbfpnv nhoopbendvehb) ~vdc`lhif`z dbf dpfe`bn` dbdiu~e~

F`qìhw dbf f`~emb dwwzhwzedv` o`~~dm`~ dbf odv`zedi~ ahz LEQ ! DEF^ wz`q`bvehb ndz` dbf ~pwwhzv

ebv`zq`bvehb~"

Ohbevhz dbf `qdipdv` j`ldqehpz nldbm` nhoopbendvehb wzhmzdoo`~ vh eowzhq` w`zahzodbn`"

Dpfe`bn`Vle~ nhpz~` e~ f`~emb`f ahz wzhmzdoo` haaen`z~ dbf odbdm`z~ }hzcebm eb vl` aeìf ha LEQ!DEF^) VJ dbf Odidzed

wz`q`bvehb dbf `fpndvehb eb qdzehp~ ~`nvhz~" Vl`~` ebnipf` vl` oebe~vze`~ ha l`divl) BMH~) z`wzhfpnveq` l`divl

hzmdbe{dvehb~) neqei ~hne`vu dbf ahz/wzhaev hzmdbe{dvehb~) dbf Wzhmzdoo` Haaen`z~ }hzcebm ahz je / dbf opive / idv`zdi

hzmdbe{dvehb~ vldv dz` z`~whb~eji` ahz wzhqefebm v`nlbendi d~~e~vdbn` vh bdvehbdi hzmdbe{dvehb~ hz wzhk`nv~"

VpevehbP^&4)777



5

EB:7:; Ebv`mzdvehb ha Z`wzhfpnveq` L`divl(Adoeiu Widbbebm

,ZL(AW% dbf LEQ(DEF^:7 Kpb`/4 Kpiu) :744

Djpkd) Bem`zed

45/>7 `wvòj`z) :744

Bdezhje) C`bud

Vl` wzhmzdoo` ha dnvehb ha vl` 4556 Ebv`zbdvehbdi Nhba`z`bn` hb Whwpidvehb dbf F`qìhwo`bv ,ENWF% ndii`f hb

dii nhpbvze`~ vh wzhqef` d apii zdbm` ha ~`|pdi dbf z`wzhfpnveq` l`divl eb db ebv`mzdv`f odbb`z }evleb vl` nhbv`|v

ha vl` wzeodzu l`divl ndz` ~u~vò" Eb hzf`z vh ~pwwhzv vl` l`divl ndz` ~u~vò vh dnle`q` vle~ mhdi) ^`|pdi dbf

Z`wzhfpnveq` l`divl odbdm`z~ dz` az`tp`bviu d~c`f vh dff hz ebv`mzdv` feaa`z`bv vuw`~ ha l`divl ~`zqen`~ vh lìw

~`zq` j`vv`z vl` b``f~ ha vl` nie`bv dbf odc` ~`zqen`~ ohz` nh~v àa`nveq`" Nhb~`tp`bviu odbdm`z~ dz d~cebm

az`tp`bv tp`~vehb~ djhpv `|dnviu }l`b) }l`z` dbf lh} vl` b`} l`divl ~`zqen`~ ndb j` ebv`mzdv`f ebvh vl` npzz`bv

hb`~" Vl`~` tp`~vehb~ dz` hav`b db~}`z`f hb vl` jd~e~ ha w`z~hbdi jìeà~) zdvl`z vldb hb d zemhzhp~ azdo`}hzc ahz

d~~`~~ebm vl` ~w`neaen nldbm`~ b``f`f vh fìeq`z ebv`mzdv`f ~`zqen`~ aa`nveqìu"

Vle~ v}h/}``c nhpz~` ld~ j``b f`~emb`f vh `|wihz` vl` feaa`z`bv d~w`nv~ dbf mpefebm wzebnewi`~ ha ebv`mzdvebm

ZL(AW dbf LEQ!DEF^ ~`zqen`~ eb hzf`z vh wzhqef` vl` apii zdbm` ha ~`zqen`~ ndii`f ahz pbf`z vl` Ebv`zbdvehbdi

Nhba`z`bn` hb Whwpidvehb dbf F`qìhwo`bv ,ENWF%" Vl` nhpz~` di~h wzhqef`~ mpefìeb`~ hb d~~`~~ebm ebv`mzdvehb dv

~`q`zdi hzmdbe{dvehbdi i`qì~ dbf haa`z~ wzdnvendi `|w`ze`bn`~ hb lh} vh odc` ebv`mzdvehb ~pnn`~~api" Vle~ nhpz~` e~

f`~emb`f ahz ~`zqen` wzhqef`z~) odbdm`z~ dbf widbb`z~ }hzcebm eb ZL(AW dbf(hz LEQ!DEF^ ~`nvhz~) BMH~) neqei~hne`vu) dbf vlh~` z`~whb~eji` ahz wzhqefebm v`nlbendi d~~e~vdbn` vh bdvehbdi hzmdbe{dvehb~ dbf wzhk`nv~"

Nhpz~` Ahnp~ Pbf`z~vdbf ebv`mzdvehb ha nhowhb`bv~ ha ZL(AW ~`zqen`~ ebvh l`divl ndz` ~u~vò

^w`neaen d~w`nv~ ha odbdmò`bv ha ebv`mzdv`f ZL(AW wzhmzdo~ dv bdvehbdi) wzhqebnedi dbf fe~vzenv i`qì

,Nldii`bm`~ dbf hwwhzvpbeve`~%

^w`neaen odbdmò`bv ha LEQ ! DEF^ dbf AW

Odcebm ebv`mzdvehb }hzc ,Widbbebm dbf jpfm`vebm) ebv`zbdi hzmdbe{dvehb) ~vdaa zhi`~ dbf z`~whb~ejeieve`~)

vzdebebm) ~`zqen`~ wzhqe~ehb) ~pw`zqe~ehb) ihme~ven odbdmò`bv) OE^ dbf ohbevhzebm%

Ebv`mzdvebm ZL(AW dbf LEQ! DEF^ wzhmzdoo`~ ,D~~`~~ebm uhpz h}b hzmdbe{dvehb%


Pbf`z~vdbf vl` nhowhb`bv~ ha ZL(AW dz`d~

Vh ~ldz` dbf i`dzb azho nhpbvze`~ wdzvenewdbv~ `|w`ze`bn`~ dbf wzdnven`~ nhbn`zbebm vl` odbdmò`bv ha

ebv`mzdv`f ZL(AW }evl LEQ ! DEF^

Pbf`z~vdbf ~vzdv`me`~ dbf dwwzhdnl`~ ahz ebv`mzdvebm nhowhb`bv~ ha ZL(AW ~`zqen`~ ebvh vl` l`divl ndz`

~u~vò

Pbf`z~vdbf odbdmò`bv ha ~w`neaen d~w`nv~ ha LEQ ! DEF^

Eowdzv cbh}i`fm` dbf ~ceii~ vh vl` wpjien ~h vldv vlù ndb odc` ebahzo`f f`ne~ehb dbf wdzvenewdv` eb

LEQ(DEF^ wz`q`bvehb) vz`dvo`bv dbf nhbvzhi"

Ohbevhz dbf `qdipdv` ebv`mzdv`f ZL(AW ~`zqen`~ dbf wzhmzdo~

Ohjeie{` dbf df`tpdvìu odbdm` z`~hpzn`~ ahz ebv`mzdv`f ZL(AW ~`zqen`~ dbf wzhmzdo~

Dpfe`bn`Vle~ nhpz~` e~ f`~emb`f ahz ~`zqen` wzhqef`z~) odbdm`z~ dbf widbb`z~ }hzcebm eb ZL(AW dbf(hz LEQ!DEF^ ~`nvhz~)

BMH~) neqei ~hne`vu) dbf vlh~` z`~whb~eji` ahz wzhqefebm v`nlbendi d~~e~vdbn` vh bdvehbdi hzmdbe{dvehb~ dbf wzhk`nv~"

VpevehbP^& 4)077



47

O@474; Ebvzhfpnvehb vh Ohbevhzebm dbf @qdipdvehb ha

Z`wzhfpnveq` L`divl dbf LEQ ! DEF^ Wzhmzdoo`~

44/40 Kpiu) :744

Bdezhje) C`bud

Ohbevhzebm dbf @qdipdvehb ,O!@% ~``c~ vh f`v`zoeb` ea l`divl dbf f`qìhwo`bv wzhmzdo~ dz` hb vzdnc dbf ea vlù

dz` odcebm d feaa`z`bn`" Ahz db O!@ ~u~vò vh ~pnn``f) wzhmzdoodven ~vdaa dbf ~`zqen` wzhqef`z~ op~v

pbf`z~vdbf }ldv O!@ e~) lh} d wzhw`z O!@ ~u~vò apbnvehb~) lh} vh p~` vl` qdzehp~ vhhi~) dbf lh} O!@ e~

iebc`f vh eowzhq`f wzhmzdo w`zahzodbn` dbf eowdnv" Vhwen~ ebnipf` O!@ f`~emb) wzhjiò vz`` dbdiu~e~) hjk`nveq`

nz`dvehb) ihmendi azdo`}hzc~) ebfendvhz~) jd~en~ ha tpdievdveq` dbf tpdbvevdveq` z`~`dznl) dbf fdvd nhii`nvehb vhhi~"

Eb z`~whb~` vh vle~) NDA^ ld~ f`qìhw`f d hb`/}``c nhpz~` vh wzhqef` ldbf~/hb ~ceii~ eb f`~embebm dbf

eowiò`bvebm ohbevhzebm dbf `qdipdvehb ~u~vò~ dbf vhhi~ eb LEQ ! DEF^ wzhmzdoo`~" Vl` nhpz~` wzhqef`~

vzdebebm eb apbfdo`bvdi~ ha ohbevhzebm dbf `qdipdvehb vhhi~ dbf v`nlbetp`~" Vl` nhpz~` }eii ebnhzwhzdv`

wdzvenewdvhzu i`dzbebm dwwzhdnl`~ ~pnl d~ mzhpw }hzc) nd~` ~vpfe`~) dbf wi`bdzu fe~np~~ehb ~`~~ehb~"

Nhpz~` Ahnp~

O!@ Wzebnewdi~"

Wzhjiò Vz`` Dbdiu~e~

Hjk`nveq` Nz`dvehb

Pbf`z~vdbfebm Ebfendvhz~

Ebvzhfpnvehb vh Ihmendi Azdo`}hzc~

Pbf`z~vdbfebm T pdievdveq` dbf T pdbvevdveq` O`vlhf~

P~ebm T pdievdveq` dbf T pdbvevdveq` Fdvd Nhii`nvehb Vhhi~

Nhpz~` J`bàev~Dv vl` `bf ha vl` nhpz~` vl` wdzvenewdbv~ }eii j` dji` vh;

Pbf`z~vdbf vl` eowhzvdbn` ha O!@ dbf lh} db O!@ ~u~vò apbnvehb~3

Fàeb` wzhmzdo hjk`nveq`~ dbf ebfendvhz~3

Ahiih} ihmendi azdo`}hzc~ dbf iebc dnveqeve`~ vh wzhmzdoo` eowdnv3

Pbf`z~vdbf vl` wzebnewdi~ ha tpdievdveq` dbf tpdbvevdveq` Z`~`dznl3

P~` d ohbevhzebm dbf qdipdvehb ~u~vò"

Dpfe`bn`Vl` ebvzhfpnvhzu nhpz~` vdzm`v~ ^ZL) LEQ!DEF^) hz Uhpvl wzhmzdoo` haaen`z~ dbf odbdm`z~ dbf ~`zqen` wzhqef`z~

}lh }e~l vh eowzhq` dbf p~` ohbevhzebm dbf `qdipdvehb ~ceii~ vh dnle`q` vlèz wzhmzdo mhdi~" Vlù }eii j` ~vdaa ha

mhq`zbo`bv f`wdzvo`bv~ dbf BMH~ }lh }e~l vh eowzhq` vlèz pbf`z~vdbfebm ha O!@ dbf djeievu vh nhbvzejpv` vh

db hzmdbe{dvehb~ O!@ ~u~vò"

Vpevehb P^&4)777



44

O@:7:; Dfqdbn`~ eb Eowdnv O`d~pzò`bv) Ohbevhzebm dbf

@qdipdvehb ha Z`wzhfpnveq` L`divl dbf LEQ ! DEF^

Wzhmzdoo`~

4</:: Kpiu) :744

Bdezhje) C`bud

Z`wzhfpnveq` L`divl ,ZL% dbf LEQ ! DEF^ wzhmzdoo`~ op~v ~lh} eowdnv vh `b~pz` vldv vl` wzhmzdo~ dbf

~`zqen`~ dz` àa`nveqìu odcebm d feaa`z`bn`" Odbdm`z~ ha vl`~` wzhmzdo~ op~v j` lìf dnnhpbvdji`) ~lh} eowdnv)

dbf ndzàpiiu ~ì`nv dz`d~ ha ebq`~vo`bv~ eb hzf`z vh od|eoe{` vl` eowdnv ha ~ndzn` z`~hpzn`~" Vlp~) eowdnv

d~~`~~o`bv ld~ j`nho` d odkhz ~v`w eb vl` widbbebm dbf eowiò`bvdvehb ha ZL dbf LEQ ! DEF^ wzhmzdoo`~) dbf

ohbevhzebm ha hb/mhebm wzhk`nv~ ld~ j`nho` db eowhzvdbv ebv`zbdi odbdmò`bv vhhi"

Pbahzvpbdvìu) vl` ndwdnevu vh d~~`~~ eowdnv hb db hb/mhebm jd~e~ dbf odc` vl` z`~piv~ ha ~pnl d~~`~~o`bv wdzv ha

vl` nhbvebphp~ wzhn`~~ ha widbbebm dbf eowiò`bvebm ZL dbf LEQ ! DEF^ wzhmzdoo`~ e~ ~veii }`dc eb odbu

f`qìhwebm nhpbvze`~" Divlhpml vl` fòdbf ahz ~pnl vzdebebm dbf ~ceii jpeifebm e~ q`zu leml) hbiu a`} hzmdbe{dvehb~

haa`z ~pnl vzdebebm eb vl` z`mehb"

Eb z`~whb~` vh vle~) NDA^ ld~ f`qìhw`f d hb`/}``c nhpz~` vh wzhqef` ldbf~/hb ~ceii~ eb f`~embebm dbf

eowiò`bvebm ohbevhzebm dbf `qdipdvehb ~u~vò~ dbf vhhi~ eb LEQ ! DEF^ wzhmzdoo`~"

Nhpz~` Ahnp~

Dfqdbn`f ohbevhzebm dbf qdipdvehb nhbn`wv~ dbf wzdnven`~

Eowzhq`f ihmendi azdo`}hzc ahz wzhmzdoo` f`~emb

Jpeifebm w`zahzodbn` ohbevhzebm dbf qdipdvehb widb~

^ì`nvebm wzhn`~~) hpvnho`) dbf eowdnv ebfendvhz~

Eowdnv qdipdvehb f`~emb~

Nhii`nvebm fdvd p~ebm T pdievdveq` dbf T pdbvevdveq` O`vlhf~ dbf fdvd dbdiu~e~

Pveie{dvehb dbf a``fjdnc ha O!@ z`~piv~


F`qìhw hz Eowzhq` ebfendvhz~ ahz vl` qdzehp~ ZL dbf LEQ(DEF^ ebv`zq`bvehb~3

Nz`dv` jhvl tpdbvevdveq` dbf tpdievdveq` fdvd nhii`nvehb vhhi~3

F`~emb dbf eowiò`bv fdvd nhii`nvehb dbf dbdiu~e~ ahz ohbevhzebm dbf `qdipdvehb3

F`~emb dbf eowiò`bv ohbevhzebm dbf `qdipdvehb widb~3

@~vdjie~l d ohbevhzebm dbf `qdipdvehb ~u~vò"

Dpfe`bn`Vl` nhpz~` vdzm`v~ O ! @ wzha`~~ehbdi~ }lh }e~l vh eowzhq` dbf p~` ohbevhzebm dbf `qdipdvehb ~ceii~ vh dnle`q`

vlèz wzhmzdo mhdi~ eb ZL dbf LEQ ! DEF^" Vlù }eii j` wzhmzdoo` odbdm`z~) haaen`z~ eb nldzm` ha ohbevhzebm dbf

`qdipdvehb) dbf ~vdaa ha mhq`zbo`bv f`wdzvo`bv~ dbf BMH~ }lh }e~l vh eowzhq` vlèz z`whzvebm ~u~vò~ dbf

wzhohv` eowdnv d~~`~~o`bv" Wdzvenewdbv~ op~v ldq` jdncmzhpbf |w`ze`bn` eb O!@ hz ldq` vdc`bO@474"

Vpevehb P^&4)777



4:

DF:7:; F`qìhwebm Dfqhndnu ^vzdv`me`~ ahz ^`|pdi dbf

Z`wzhfpnveq` L`divl dbf LEQ ! DEF^

4/0 Dpmp~v) :744

Bdezhje) C`bud

Dfqhndnu ld~ j`nho` d z`tpe~ev` vhhi ahz z`wzhfpnveq` l`divl dbf LEQ ! DEF^ wzhmzdoo` odbdm`z~ dbf ~`zqen`

wzhqef`z~ vlzhpmlhpv vl` nhbveb`bv" D~ nhow`vevehb ahz ~ndzn` z`~hpzn`~ ebnz`d~`~) dfqhndnu ~ceii~ j`nho`

eowhzvdbv vhhi~ eb ebaip`bnebm vl` f`ne~ehb/odcebm wzhn`~~ z`mdzfebm z`~hpzn` diihndvehb"

Vle~ hb`/}``c nhpz~` wzhqef`~ ldbf~/hb `|w`ze`bn` eb f`~embebm) f`qìhwebm dbf ~`vvebm ebfendvhz~ ahz ohbevhzebm

dbf `qdipdvebm db dfqhndnu ndowdemb dbf ~vzdv`mu deo`f dv ebaip`bnebm whienu nldbm`"

Nhpz~` Ahnp~ Ef`bveauebm wzhjiò~) whienu e~~p`~ dbf ~hipvehb~

^`vvebm dfqhndnu mhdi~ dbf hjk`nveq`~

Ef`bveauebm dbf z`~`dznlebm dpfe`bn`~

F`qìhwebm dbf fìeq`zebm dfqhndnu o`~~dm`~

P~ebm fdvd vh dfqhndv` ahz l`divl whienu f`qìhwo`bv dbf widbbebm

Ahzodi dbf ebahzodi f`ne~ehb/odcebm wzhn`~~`~

Jpeifebm diiedbn`~) b`v}hzc~ dbf nhdievehb~

^ìa/f`qìhwo`bv ~ceii~

@aa`nveq` wz`~`bvdvehb~

Z`~hpzn`~ ohjeie{dvehb

Ohbevhzebm dbf qdipdvebm dfqhndnu aahzv~


Dwwiu dfqhndnu ~ceii~ d~ d vhhi ahz nldbm`3

Ebnz`d~` vl` aa`nveq` p~` ha fdvd d~ `qef`bn` dbf d vhhi ahz dfqhndnu3

F`~emb dbf eowiò`bv d ~vzdv`mu ahz z`~hpzn` ohjeie{dvehb3

@bnhpzdm` d fòhnzdven wzhn`~~ ju wzhqefebm w`hwi` }evl vl` ~ceii~ vh odc` vlèz qhen`~ l`dzf3

Ebaip`bn` whienu"

Dpfe`bn`Vle~ nhpz~` vdzm`v~ wzhmzdoo` odbdm`z~ dbf ~vdaa ha mhq`zbo`bv f`wdzvo`bv~ dbf BMH~ }lh }e~l vh ebaip`bn`

whiene`~ eb vlèz dm`bne`~ dbf(hz nhoopbeve`~) wzha`~~ehbdi~ eb eb~vevpvehb~) d~~hnedvehb~ dbf b`v}hzc~ ebqhiq`f eb

dfqhndnu) z`~`dznl`z~ ebv`z`~v`f eb wzhohvebm vl` pveie{dvehb ha vlèz aebfebm~) vzdeb`z~ dbf i`nvpz`z~ }lh }hzc

}evl dfqhndv ~"

Vpevehb

P^&4)777



4>

HI:7:; Hzmdbe{dvehbdi F`qìhwo`bv dbf I`dzbebm

4=/:4 Hnvhj`z) :744

Bdezhje) C`bud

Ahz wpjien dbf wzeqdv` ~`nvhz dm`bne`~ vh eowzhq` vlèz wzhmzdoo`~ dbf ~`zqen`~) ~vzdv`me`~ dbf ~u~vò~ ahz

i`dzbebm dbf ebv`zbdie{ebm j`~v wzdnven`~ dbf i`~~hb~ i`dzbv op~v j` eb widn`" Dm`bne`~ eb vl` bhb/wzhaev ~`nvhz dz`

`|vzòìu cbh}i`fm` ebv`b~eq` dbf zìu l`dqeiu bhv hbiu hb vl` cbh}i`fm` ha vlèz òwihu``~ jpv vl` nhii`nveq`

cbh}i`fm` ha vl` hzmdbe{dvehb" Wpjien dbf wzeqdv` ~`nvhz dm`bne`~ vldv j`nho` i`dzbebm hzmdbe{dvehb~ dz`

nhb~vdbviu ebbhqdvebm vlèz wzhfpnv~ dbf ~`zqen`~) qe`}ebm cbh}i`fm` d~ d npzz`bnu) dbf ldq` lpodb z`~hpzn`

whiene`~ dbf wzhn`fpz`~ vldv ~vdaa vl` dm`bnu veo` dbf z`~hpzn`~" I`dzbebm hzmdbe{dvehb~ ~u~vòdvendiiu dbdiu{`

vlèz wzhmzdo~ dbf ~`zqen`~) vlzeq` hb nldbm`) dbf ih} cbh}i`fm` ih~~ azho ~vdaa vpzbhq`z" Odcebm vl`

vzdb~ahzodvehb vh d i`dzbebm hzmdbe{dvehb z`tpez`~ bhv hbiu d nhooevo`bv azho vl` vhw odbdmò`bv ha vl`

dm`bnu) jpv di~h vl` i`df`z~lew ~ceii~ vldv dz` b``f`f vh odbdm` nldbm`"

Vle~ hb`/}``c nhpz~` ahnp~`~ hb vpzbebm ebfeqefpdi cbh}i`fm` ebvh hzmdbe{dvehbdi cbh}i`fm` dbf lh} vh nz`dv`

~u~vò~ dbf whiene`~ vh ~hiq` wzhjiò~ dbf eowzhq` wzhmzdoo` eowdnv"

Nhpz~` Ahnp~ Vl` nhbn`wv dbf wzebnewi`~ ha hzmdbe{dvehbdi i`dzbebm

Oevemdvebm vl` eowdnv ha ~vdaa vpzbhq`z

Vzdb~ahzoebm ebfeqefpdi cbh}i`fm` ebvh hzmdbe{dvehbdi cbh}i`fm`

Ldzb`~~ebm vl` cbh}i`fm` dbf |w`ze`bn` ha owihu``~

û~vò~ dbf wzhn`fpz`~ ahz ef`bveauebm dbf ~ldzebm wzhoe~ebm wzdnven`~ dbf i`~~hb~ i`dzb`f"

@|v`zbdi bqezhbo`bv Dbdiu~e~

Hzmdbe{dvehbdi cbh}i`fm` nz`dvehb dbf whienu nldbm`

Nldbm` Odbdmò`bv

Nhpz~` J`bàev~

Dv vl` `bf ha vle~ nhpz~`) wdzvenewdbv~ }eii j` dji` vh Fe~np~~ vl` j`bàev~ ha hzmdbe{dvehbdi i`dzbebm3

F`qìhw wzhn`fpz`~ ahz odeb~vz`doebm ebfeqefpdi cbh}i`fm` ebvh hzmdbe{dvehbdi cbh}i`fm`"

Nhbfpnv db bqezhbo`bvdi ~ndb hz ~evpdvehb dbdiu~e~"

F`qìhw wzhn`fpz`~ dbf ~u~vò~ ahz nz`dvebm cbh}i`fm` dbf nldbmebm whienu

Odbdm` vl` nldbm` azho db dq`zdm` hzmdbe{dvehb(dm`bnu vh d i`dzbebm hzmdbe{dvehb(dm`bnu

O`d~pz` d cbh}i`fm` odbdmò`bv ~vzdv`mu ahz eowdnv"

Dpfe`bn`Vle~ nhpz~` e~ f`~emb`f ahz ~`behz w`z~hbbì ha bhb/wzhaev hzmdbe{dvehb~3 ebnipfebm neqei ~hne`vu hzmdbe{dvehb~) fhbhz

dm`bne`~) ahpbfdvehb~) ~vdv` dbf a`f`zdi oebe~vze`~ dbf ebv`zbdvehbdi f`qìhwo`bv dm`bne`~

VpevehbP^& 4)777



46

IO:7:; I`df`z~lew dbf Odbdmò`bv ha Z`wzhfpnveq` L`divl)

dbf LEQ ! DEF^ Wzhmzdoo`~

:6 Hnvhj`z/6 Bhqòj`z) :744

Bdezhje) C`bud

Vl` ebnz`d~ebmiu ad~v ohqebm dbf nhow`veveq` `bqezhbo`bv }` adn` eb vl` :4

~v

n`bvpzu fòdbf~ mz`dv`z i`df`z~lewdbf odbdmò`bv azho w`hwi` eb hzf`z vh odc` hzmdbe{dvehb~ wzh~w`z" Qdzehp~ adnvhz~ eb~ef` dbf hpv~ef` vl`

hzmdbe{dvehb daa`nv w`zahzodbn` dbf nhbvzejpv` vh db hzmdbe~dvehb~ z`~piv~" Vlzhpmlhpv Dazend) fubdoen i`df`z~

dbf odbdm`z~ ha ZL dbf LEQ(DEF^ wzhmzdoo`~ dz` ~``cebm wzdnvendi d~~e~vdbn` eb i`dfebm dbf odbdmebm vlèz

hzmdbe{dvehb~ dbf wzhmzdoo`~" Vl` z`dievu ha vl` LEQ(DEF^ `wefòen z`tpez`~ vldv ZL dbf LEQ(DEF^ wzhmzdoo`~

dz` }ìi f`~emb`f dbf odbdm`f eb hzf`z vh dnle`q` f`~ez`f z`~piv~"

Vle~ v}h/}``c nhpz~` }eii `bldbn` ohf`zb i`df`z~lew dbf odbdmò`bv v`nlbetp`~ ahz vlh~` f`fendv`f vh

dnle`qebm hzmdbe{dvehb dbf wzhmzdo ~pnn`~~ eb vl` dz`d~ ha ZL dbf LEQ!DEF^" Vl` nhpz~` }eii nhq`z nhbv`bv

ebnipfebm bldbnebm dbf eb~vevpvehbdie{ebm qe~ehbdzu i`df`z~lew dbf odbdmò`bv v`nlbetp`~) i`dfebm hzmdbe{dvehbdi

nldbm`) ~vzdv`men widbbebm dohbm~v hvl`z~" Vl` nhpz~` e~ f`~emb`f ahz ~`behz wzhmzdoo` odbdm`z~ dbf `|`npveq`~

ha mhq`zbo`bv) BMH~ dbf neqei ~hne`vu }hzcebm }evleb vl` ZL hz LEQ!DEF^ l`divl ~`nvhz~"

Nhpz~` Ahnp~ I`df`z~lew vzdev~) nldzdnv`ze~ven~ dbf dwwzhdnl`~

Qe~ehb; Cù vh I`df`z~lew nhq`zebm F`qìhwo`bv ebfeqefpdi qe~ehb dbf ~ldz`f qe~ehb

û~vò~ Vlebcebm dbf ~`èbm vl` jem wenvpz`

^vzdv`men i`df`z~lew dbf odbdmò`bv

Zìdvehb~lew odbdmò`bv;

h V`do jpeifebm

h B`mhvedvehb ~ceii~

h Nhbaienv odbdmò`bv

h Nhoopbendvehb

h Nhdnlebm dbf o`bvhzebm

I`dfebm nldbm` dbf f`qìhwo`bv

Mhhf mhq`zbdbn`

F`qìhwebm ~p~vdebdji` wzhmzdoo`~

Z`~hpzn` ohjeie{dvehb

J`nhoebm d i`dzbebm hzmdbe{dvehb

W`zahzodbn` odbdmò`bv


@bldbn` eb~vevpvehbdi qe~ehbdzu i`df`z~lew dbf odbdmò`bv

I`df hzmdbe{dvehbdi nldbm`) f`qìhwo`bv dbf ~p~vdebdjeievu

Ef`bveau dbf ohjeie{` z`~hpzn`~ ahz ~p~vdebdji` wzhmzdoo`~

Dwwz`nedv` mhq`zbdbn` e~~p`~ dbf vdc` dwwzhwzedv` dnvehb vh bldbn` mhq`zbdbn` ha vlèz hzmdbe{dvehb

F`qìhw ndwdjeieve`~ vh odbdm` zìdvehb~lew eb vl` hzmdbe{dvehb `~w`nediiu eb z`~w`nv vh v`do jpeifebm)

b`mhvedvehb dbf nhbaienv odbdmò`bv) nhdnlebm dbf o`bvhzebm) dbf nhoopbendvehb

Dpfe`bn`Vl` nhpz~` e~ f`~emb`f ahz ~`behz wzhmzdoo` odbdm`z~ dbf `|`npveq`~ ha mhq`zbo`bv) BMH~ dbf neqei ~hne`vu

}hzcebm }evleb vl` ZL hz LEQ!DEF^ l`divl ~`nvhz~"

VpevehbP^&4)077



40

CO47:; Cbh}i`fm` Odbdmò`bv ahz L`divl dbf F`qìhwo`bv

Hzmdbe{dvehb~

::/:1 Bhqòj`z) :744

Dffe~ Djdjd) @vlehwed

Db hzmdbe{dvehb~ cbh}i`fm` e~ hb` ha ev~ oh~v eowhzvdbv d~~`v~" Hb` ha vl` jemm`~v nldii`bm`~ }evleb dbhzmdbe{dvehb e~ lh} vh odbdm`) fhnpo`bv) p~`) dbf ~ldz` vl` cbh}i`fm` vldv òwihu``~ ldq`" Eb~vevpvehbdi

cbh}i`fm` e~ az`tp`bviu p~`f ebàa`nveqìu) oe~widn f) hz ih~v" D~ d z`~piv) hzmdbe{dvehb~ ih~` veo` dbf wzhfpnveqevu)

dbf p~` dffevehbdi z`~hpzn`~ vh z`vze`q`) z`p~`) dbf z`m`b`zdv` cbh}i`fm` dbf ebahzodvehb" Db àa`nveq`

Cbh}i`fm` Odbdmò`bv ^vzdv`mu }eii `bdji` db hzmdbe{dvehb vh m`b`zdv`) nhfeau) ~vhz`) p~`) z`p~`) ~ldz`) dbf

fe~~òebdv` cbh}i`fm` eb~ef` dbf hpv~ef` ha vl` hzmdbe{dvehb Vle~ }eii i`df vh eowzhq`f w`zahzodbn`) veo` dbf

z`~hpzn` odbdmò`bv" Ndzzuebm hpv d cbh}i`fm` odbdmò`bv ~vzdv`mu }eii di~h `bdji` ~vdaa vh ~ldz` j`~v

wzdnven`~ dbf i`~~hb~ i`dzb`f z`~pivebm eb eowzhq`f wzhmzdo~ dbf ~`zqen`~"

Vl` wpzwh~` ha vle~ hb`/}``c nhpz~` e~ vh jpeif vl` ndwdnevu ha bhb/wzhaev hzmdbe{dvehb~ eb cbh}i`fm` odbdmò`bv

ju `tpewwebm wdzvenewdbv~ }evl vl` cbh}i`fm`) ebahzodvehb) dbf ~ceii~ vh f`qìhw dbf ndzzu hpv db àa`nveq`

cbh}i`fm` odbdmò`bv ~vzdv`mu"

Nhpz~` Ahnp~ Vl` Nhbn`wv dbf Wzebnewi`~ ha Cbh}i`fm` Odbdmò`bv

Nhbfpnvebm d Cbh}i`fm` Dpfev

Ef`bveauebm Cbh}i`fm` Mdw~ dbf Jdzze`z~

Eowzhqebm Z`~`dznl dbf Cbh}i`fm` M`b`zdvehb

û~vò~ ahz Ndwvpzebm Vdnev Cbh}i`fm` ahz Fhnpo`bvdvehb

û~vò~ ahz Nhfeauebm) vhzebm) dbf Z`vze`qebm Cbh}i`fm`

P~ebm Nhoopbeve`~ ha Wzdnven`

Fhnpo`bvebm dbf ldzebm J`~v Wzdnven`~ dbf I`~~hb~ I`dzb`f

Ebahzodvehb Fe~~òebdvehb eb d Mihjdi @bqezhbo`bv

Fàebebm CO Zhi`~ dbf Z`~whb~ejeieve`~

Diembebm Cbh}i`fm` Odbdmò`bv vh d vzdv`men Widb

O`d~pzebm vl` Eowdnv ha Cbh}i`fm` Odbdmò`bv Dnveqeve`~"

Nhpz~` J`bàev~Dv vl` `bf ha vle~ nhpz~`) wdzvenewdbv~ }eii j` dji` vh

Fe~np~~ vl` hzmdbe{dvehbdi j`bàev~ ha cbh}i`fm` odbdmò`bv3

Ndzzu hpv d cbh}i`fm` dpfev

F`qìhw ~u~vò~ vh ~ldz` j`~v/wzdnven`~ j`v}``b ~vdaa

F`qìhw ~u~vò~ ahz nhfeauebm) ~vhzebm) dbf ~ldzebm cbh}i`fm`

F`~emb) f`qìhw) dbf eowiò`bv d nh~v/àa`nveq` cbh}i`fm` odbdmò`bv ~vzdv`mu3

O`d~pz` d cbh}i`fm` odbdmò`bv ~vzdv`mu ahz eowdnv"

Dpfe`bn`Vle~ nhpz~` e~ f`~emb`f ahz ~`behz w`z~hbbì ha bhb/wzhaev hzmdbe{dvehb~3 ebnipfebm neqei ~hne`vu hzmdbe{dvehb~) fhbhz

dm`bne`~) ahpbfdvehb~) ~vdv` dbf a`f`zdi oebe~vze`~ dbf ebv`zbdvehbdi f`qìhwo`bv dm`bne`~"

VpevehbP^&4)777



41

NDA^ nhpz~`~ vh j` haa`z`f eb Ihoå) Vhmh

Nhoopbendvehb whpz pb Nldbmò`bv f` Nhowhzvò`bv fdb~

id Ipvv` nhbvz` i` QEL `v i` êfd) id Vpj`znpih~` `v i` Wdipfe~o`

4> / 4= kpeb :744

^pz i`~ lpev Hjk`nvea~ fp Oeiiåbdez` whpz i` Fåqìhwwò`bv ,HOF% dfhwvå~ wdz i` ^hoo`v fp Oeiiåbdez` f`~

Bdvehb~ Pbe`~ `b ~`wvòjz` :777) ~e| nhbn`zb`bv i` fåqìhwwò`bv ~dbevdez` `v ~d nhbvzejpvehb ç id zåfpnvehb f`

id wdpqz`vå" Id oe~` `b widn` febv`zq`bvehb~ whpz adez` adn` ç f`~ o`bdn`~ dp~~e eowhzvdbv`~ whpz id ~dbvå tp`

~hbv i` QEL) id vpj`znpih~` v i` wdipfe~o`) khp` pb zöi` eowhzvdbv fdb~ id zådie~dvehb f` n`~ hjk`nvea~"

Bhp~ b` whpqhb~ `~wåz`z dvvèbfz` i`~ HOF / n`~v/ç/fez` ~vhww`z id wzhwdmdvehb fp QEL `v odâvze~`z id

vpj`znpih~` `v i` wdipfe~o`) ~db~ wzhohpqhez i` nldbmò`bv f` nhowhzvò`bv" N` f`zbe`z `~v pb wzhn`~~p~

nhowi`|` tpe z`tpe`zv pb` nhowzål`b~ehb vhvdi` f` n` tpe ohveq` i`~ ebfeqefp~ ç dfhwv`z hp ç zå~e~v`z ç pb

nhowhzvò`bv bhpq`dp"

I`~ dwwzhnl`~ f` nhoopbendvehb whpz i` nldbmò`bv f` nhowhzvò`bv ,NNN% eb~e~v`bv ~pz i` adev tp` id ~eowi`

wzå~`bvdvehb f`~ wzhjiìo`~ zåì~ b` ~paaev wd~ whpz ebfpez` pb nldbmò`bv f` nhowhzvò`bv" I`~ ebfeqefp~ b`~hbv wd~ ~`piò`bv ebaip`bnå~ wdz i`pz wzhwz` ~dqhez(nhbbde~~dbn` ~pz i`~ wzhjiìo`~ `|e~vdbv~) ode~ dp~~e `v

~pzvhpv wdz i`~ wz`~~ehb~ ~hnedi`~ tpei~ ~pje~~`bv f` id wdzv f` i`pz~ wdez~ `v f` id nhoopbdpvå `b måbåzdi u

nhowze~ id npivpz`) i`~ bhzo`~ ~hnedi`~) i`~ ihe~ `v i`~ whievetp`~" N`~v id nhojebde~hb f` n`~ f`p| ~wlìz`~ tpe

w`zo`v f` zådie~`z i` nldbmò`bv fp nhowhzvò`bv lpodeb"

N`vv` ahzodvehb qe~` ç fhv`z i`~ wdzvenewdbv~ f`~ nhowåv`bn`~ bån`~~dez`~ ç id nhbn`wvehb) iåidjhzdvehb `v id oe~`

`b pqz` f`~ ebv`zq`bvehb~ f` nhoopbendvehb whpz i` nldbmò`bv f` nhowhzvò`bv `b odveìz` f` ipvv` nhbvz`

i`~ vzhe~ odidfe`~ wzehzevdez`~ fp Ahbf~ Ohbfedi tp` ~hbv i` êfd) id Vpj`znpih~` `v i` Wdipfe~o`"

Hjk`nvea~ fdwwz`bve~~dm`D id aeb fp nhpz~) i`~ wdzvenewdbv,`%~ ~`zhbv ndwdji`~ f` ;

Ef`bveae`z i`~ wzebnewdp| fåae~ dp|tpì~ ~hbv nhbazhbvå~ i`~ wdu~ fDazetp` `b odveìz` f` ipvv` nhbvz` i`QEL(êfd) id Vpj`znpih~` v i` Wdipfe~o` 3

@|wietp`z i` zöi` f` id nhoopbendvehb fdb~ i` wzhn`~~p~ f` nldbmò`bv f` nhowhzvò`bv `b odveìz` f` ipvv`

nhbvz` i` QEL(êfd) id Vpj`znpih~` v i` Wdipfe~o`3

@|wietp`z i` nhbn`wv f` nldbmò`bv f` nhowhzvò`bv v i`~ adnv`pz~ tpe daa`nv`bv n` nldbmò`bv3

Fånzez` i`~ wzebnew`~ f` jd~` f` id nhoopbendvehb whpz i` nldbmò`bv f` nhowhzvò`bv 3

Fåqìhww`z f`~ dwwzhnl`~ àaendn`~ f` nhoopbendvehb whpz pb nldbmò`bv f` nhowhzvò`bv `b adq`pz f`

id wzåq`bvehb) fp vzdevò`bv v fp ~hpve`b fdb~ i` fhodeb` fp QEL(êfd) id Vpj`znpih~` v i` Wdipfe~o` 3

Nhbn`qhez `v fåqìhww`z f`~ o`~~dm`~ `v fp odvåzeì f` wzåq`bvehb) f` wze~` `b nldzm` `v f` ~hpve`b fdb~ i`

fhodeb` f` id ipvv` nhbvz` i` QEL(êfd) id Vpj`znpih~` v i` Wdipfe~o` 3

Widbeae`z pb wzhmzdoo` f` nhoopbendvehb whpz i` nldbmò`bv f` nhowhzvò`bv `b odveìz` f` ipvv` nhbvz`

i` QEL(êfd) id Vpj`znpih~` v i` Wdipfe~o`3

@idjhz`z pb widb fdnvehb f` oe~` `b pqz` f` n` wzhmzdoo` dp wzhaev f` i`pz hzmdbe~dvehb"

@iåo`bv~ fp nhbv`bp

Wzebnew`~ f` jd~` f` id nhoopbendvehb

@vdw`~ fp nldbmò`bv f` nhowhzvò`bv nl`{ iebfeqefp

Adnv`pz~ ebaip`bídbv i` nldbmò`bv f` nhowhzvò`bv

Nhowhzvò`bv~ ~hpldevdji`~ adn` dp| aiådp| tp` nhb~vevp`bv i` QEL `v i` ~efd) id vpj`znpih~` `v i` wdipfe~o`

Fåqìhwwò`bv f` o`~~dm`~ `v f` ~pwwhzv~ dwwzhwzeå~ whpz id wzhohvehb fp nldbmò`bv f` nhowhzvò`bv

fdb~ id ipvv` nhbvz` i` QEL `v i` ~efd) id vpj`znpih~` `v i` wdipfe~o`



4=

Nhbn`wvehb `v widbeaendvehb fpb` ~vzdvåme` f` nhoopbendvehb àaendn` whpz i` nldbmò`bv f` nhowhzvò`bv

fdb~ i` fhodeb` f` id ipvv` nhbvz` i`~ E^V) i` QEL `v i` ~efd) id vpj`znpih~` `v i` wdipfe~o`"

Wzhaei f`~ wdzvenewdbv~N` nhpz~ f` f`p| ~òdeb`~ ~dfz`~~` ;

dp| m`~vehbbdez`~ `v nldzmå~ f` wzhmzdoo`~ f`~ oebe~vìz`~) HBM) ~hneåvå neqei` vzdqdeiidbv fdb~ i` fhodeb`

f` id wzåq`bvehb f`~ odidfe`~ `b måbåzdi `v) `b wdzvenpie`z) fdb~ id ipvv` nhbvz` i` QEL `v i` ~efd) id

vpj`znpih~` v i` wdipfe~o`"

dp| nldzmå~ f` wzhmzdoo`~ f`~ hzmdbe~dvehb~ jeidvåzdi`~ `v opiveidvåzdi`~ o`bdbv f`~ d~~e~vdbn`~

v`nlbetp`~ dp| hzmdbe~dvehb~ bdvehbdi`~ hp dp| wzhk`v~"

Azde~ f` ~nhidzevå4777 P^ &



4<

Odbdmò`bv) I`df`z~lew `v Jhbb` mhpq`zbdbn` whpz i`~

wzhmzdoo`~ f` fåqìhwwò`bv

4< :5 kpeii`v :744

Ei `~v z`nhbbp dpkhpzflpe tp` i` fåqìhwwò`bv f`~ ndwdnevå~ f` i`df`z~lew) f` odbdmò`bv `v f` jhbb`

mhpq`zbdbn` nhb~vevp` pb dvhpv odk`pz whpz zì`q`z i`~ feq`z~ fåae~ dp|tpì~ i`~ ebfeqefp~ `v i`~ hzmdbe~dvehb~ ~hbv

nhbazhbvå~) ç ~dqhez ;

Nhoo`bv i`~ wzhmzdoo`~) i`~ wzhk`v~ `v i`~ hzmdbe~dvehb~ f` tpìtp` bdvpz` tp` n` ~hev w`pq`bv wdzq`bez ç

f`~ zå~pivdv~ wzhjdbv~ fdb~ f`~ nhbfevehb~ f` wip~ `b wip~ nhowi`|`~ `v nldbm`dbv`~ `v fdb~ pb nhbv`|v` f`

fån`bvzdie~dvehb 8

Nhoo`bv i`~ z`~whb~dji`~ ç tpìtp` beq`dp tp` n` ~hev w`pq`bv nhbn`bvz`z i`~ àahzv~ f` i`pz~ hzmdbe~dvehb~

whpz djhzf`z f`~ wzhjiìo`~ nhowi`|`~ vì~ tp` id ~vzpnvpzdvehb hzmdbe~dvehbbìi` 8

Nhoo`bv i`~ z`~whb~dji`~ w`pq`bv ~hpv`bez i`pz ~u~vìo` `v wzhn`~~p~ hzmdbe~dvehbbì) hp doåiehz`z i`

ohzdi v id ohveqdvehb f` i`pz~ wzhnl`~ nhiidjhzdv`pz~ fdb~ pb nhbv`|v` feb~paae~dbn` f` z`~~hpzn`~ 8

Nhoo`bv wzhohpqhez id jhbb` mhpq`zbdbn` `v nhbvzejp`z dp je`b/ëvz` måbåzdi `v ç id wzh~wåzevå f`~

nhoopbdpvå~ 8

Nhoo`bv nhbneie`z i`~ wzebnew`~ f` jhbb` mhpq`zbdbn` dq`n i`~ feaaåz`bv~ ~vui`~ f` i`df`z~lew whpzdoåiehz`z id w`zahzodbn` `v iàaendnevå f`~ wzhmzdoo`~ f` fåqìhwwò`bv 8

T pì vuw` f` odbdmò`bv dfhwv`z whpz mdzdbvez id w`zahzodbn` v id fpzdjeievå whpz i`~ wzhmzdoo`~ f`

fåqìhwwò`bv 8

I`~ oòjz`~ fpb` hzmdbe~dvehb ç tpìtp` ånlìhb tp` n` ~hev ~hbv dwwìå~ ç zåwhbfz` fpb` adíhb hp fpb`

dpvz` ç n`~ tp`~vehb~ nzpnedi`~" T pei~ ~pw`zqe~`bv f`~ åtpew`~ fdb~ ihzmdbe~dvehb hp tpei~ `|`zn`bv f`~ ahbnvehb~

fdm`bv~ f` v`zzdeb) tpei~ ~he`bv `b nldzm` f` id m`~vehb fpb` hzmdbe~dvehb) ei~ fheq`bv dwwz`bfz` ç ëvz` f`~

i`df`z~ adn` ç f` vì~ fåae~"

N` nhpz~ f` f`p| ~òdeb`~ w`zo`vvzd dp| wdzvenewdbv~ f` nhbneie`z i`pz~ ndwdnevå~ f` m`~vehbbdez`~ dp| wzdvetp`~

f` i`df`z~lew `v f` jhbb` mhpq`zbdbn` ~pz i` v`zzdeb `b qp` fdvvèbfz` i`~ zå~pivdv~ `~nhowvå~ dp wzhaev f`~

whwpidvehb~"

Wdzdiiìiò`bv dp fåqìhwwò`bv f`~ ndwdnevå~ f` i`df`z~lew) f` odbdmò`bv `v f` jhbb` mhpq`zbdbn`) i`~

wdzvenewdbv~ wdzvdm`zhbv pb` qe~ehb nhoopb` ~pz pb fhodeb` f` fåqìhwwò`bv) ef`bveae`zhbv i`~ fåae~

wzehzevdez`~) i`~ hj~vdni`~ tpe whpzzde`bv ~ebv`zwh~`z ç idvvèbv` f`~ hjk`nvea~ ebv`zoåfedez`~) f`~ dnvehb~

nhzz`nvzen`~ v ~`bmdm`zhbv ç i`~ o`vvz` b pqz` fì~ i`pz z`vhpz dp ~èb f` i`pz~ åtpew`~ z`~w`nveq`~"

Hjk`nvea~ fdwwz`bve~~dm`D id aeb fp nhpz~) i`~ wdzvenewdbv,`%~ ~`zhbv ndwdji`~ f` ;

êvp`z i`~ nhbn`wv~ f` i`df`z~lew) f` odbdmò`bv `v f` jhbb` mhpq`zbdbn` fdb~ i` wzhn`~~p~

fdoåiehzdvehb f`~ ~`zqen`~ b qp` f` ihjv`bvehb f`~ zå~pivdv~ 3

Fåv`zoeb`z i`~ wzebnewdi`~ nhowh~dbv`~ f` id jhbb` mhpq`zbdbn` 3

Zì`q`z i`~ hjiemdvehb~ `v i`~ nhb~åtp`bn`~ wzdvetp`~ `b odveìz` f` oe~` `b widn` fpb` jhbb` mhpq`zbdbn`

3

Fåqìhww`z i`~ ndwdnevå~ whpz `|doeb`z i` nhbv`|v` ,hp ~ndbbebm% `b vdbv tp` i`df`z ,ahndie~`z%) `b qp` fpb`

oèii`pz` wzåwdzdvehb ç id widbeaendvehb f`~ dnvehb~ 3

Pveie~`z i`~ hpvei~ dwwzhwzeå~ whpz ~ndbb`z ~hb bqezhbbò`bv ebv`zb` v |v`zb` 3

Doåiehz`z i`~ nhowåv`bn`~ fdb~ i` fhodeb` f` id nhbn`bvzdvehb f` idvv`bvehb `b pveie~dbv f`~ hpvei~

dwwzhwzeå~ `b qp` fpb` oèii`pz` hze`bvdvehb f`~ àahzv~ 3

Fåqìhww`z i`~ nhowåv`bn`~ b odveìz` fdiembò`bv v f` ohjeie~dvehb f`~ z`~~hpzn`~ 3

Fåqìhww`z i`~ ndwdnevå~ fpb jhb i`df`z~lew whpz eb~wez`z i`~ nhiidjhzdv`pz~ 3

Nhowz`bfz` i`~ zìdvehb~ ahbnvehbbìi`~ |e~vdbv`~ bvz` Jhbb` Mhpq`zbdbn` v Fåqìhwwò`bv3

Fåqìhww`z pb wzhmzdoo` f` jhbb` mhpq`zbdbn` ç vhp~ i`~ beq`dp| 3



45

@idjhz`z pb wzhmzdoo` f` z`bahznò`bv f`~ ndwdnevå~ f` i`df`z~lew(odbdmò`bv `v jhbb` mhpq`zbdbn`

`b v`bdbv nhowv` f`~ fåae~ wzehzevdez`~ `v f`~ wzdvetp`~ z`tpe~`~ whpz i`~ zì`q`z"

@iåo`bv~ fp nhbv`bp Ebvzhfpnvehb dp i`df`z~lew(odbdmò`bv v mhpq`zbdbn`

Ndfz` nhbn`wvpì fp i`df`z~lew) fp odbdmò`bv v f` id jhbb` mhpq`zbdbn`

Wzdvetp`~ f` ~ndbb`z

Wzdvetp`~ f` ahndie~`z

Wzdvetp`~ fdiemb`z v f` ohjeie~`z

Wzdvetp`~ feb~wez`z

Wzebnewdi`~ nhowh~dbv`~ f` id jhbb` mhpq`zbdbn`

Zöi`~ `v z`~whb~djeievå~ f` nldtp` wdzve` wz`bdbv` ; Nhb~èi fdfoebe~vzdvehb) Nhoevå f` m`~vehb)

Fez`nvehb(^`nzåvdzedv @|ånpvea) vn"

@qdipdvehb fpb` hzmdbe~dvehb f`~ whpqhez~ v f` nhbvz` whpqhez~

Widb fdnvehb whpz i` z`bahznò`bv f`~ ndwdnevå~

M`~vehb v wzåq`bvehb f`~ nhbaiev~ febvåzëv~ fdb~ i` nhbv`|v` f` id jhbb` mhpq`zbdbn`

Hjiemdvehb~ kpzefetp`~ v aebdbneìz`~ fdb~ id jhbb` mhpq`zbdbn

Jhbb` Mhpq`zbdbn` v Fåqìhwwò`bv Fpzdji`

Fåqìhwwò`bv fpb wzhmzdoo` f` jhbb` mhpq`zbdbn`"

Wzhaei f`~ wdzvenewdbv~N` nhpz~ f` f`p| ~òdeb`~ ~dfz`~~` ç vhp~ i`~ wzha`~~ehbbì~ fp ~`nv`pz f` fåqìhwwò`bv) tpei~ ~he`bv nldzmå~

f` id m`~vehb f`~ wzhmzdoo`~ hp wzhk`v~ f` ~dbvå hp bhb) ç vhp~ i`~ beq`dp| f` id leåzdznle`) tpei~ ~he`bv fp

~`nv`pz wpjien hp wzeqå"




:7

M`~vehb @aaendn` f`~ Wzhmzdoo`~ f` ^dbvå

40 :1 dhóv :744

Id wipwdzv f`~ wdu~ dazendeb~ ~hbv nhbazhbvå~ f` bh~ khpz~ ç f`~ odidfe`~ åo`zm`bv`~ whpz i`~tpìi`~ f`~

wzhmzdoo`~ ~wåneaetp`~ f` ipvv` ~hbv åidjhzå~" Bh~ wdu~ ~hbv fdb~ id wipwdzv f`~ nd~ defå~ wdz i`~ wdzv`bdez`~ dp

fåqìhwwò`bv tpe diihp`bv i`~ z`~~hpzn`~ bån`~~dez`~ whpz måz`z n`~ wzhmzdoo`~"Fdb~ nldtp` wdu~) f`~ wzhmzdoo`~ bdvehbdp| ~hbv åidjhzå~ whpz ipvv`z nhbvz` i` êfd `v i`~ Eba`nvehb~

^`|pìiò`bv Vzdb~oe~~eji`~ ,E^V% `v nhbvz` i`~ dpvz`~ `bfåoe`~ vìi`~ tp` i` wdipfe~o`) id vpj`znpih~`) id nånevå

f`~ zeqeìz`~) i`~ ~nle~vh~hoed~`~) ipinìz` f` Jpzpie) `vn" Vhp~ bh~ wdu~ hbv åidjhzå `v fe~wh~`bv f` wzhmzdoo`~

bdvehbdp| f` id ^dbvå f` id Z`wzhfpnvehb whpz oe`p| wz`bfz` `b nldzm` i`~ wzhjiìo`~ ieå~ ç ~dbvå f` id oìz` `v f`

i`badbv) u nhowze~ id widbeaendvehb adoeiedi`"

I`~ wzhjiìo`~ zìdvea~ ç id ~dbvå f`~ k`pb`~ `v dfhi`~n`bv~ nhb~vevp`bv dp~~e pb` wzåhnnpwdvehb wdzvenpieìz` f` bh~

mhpq`zbdbv~"

N`zvdeb~ wdu~ fe~wh~`bv oëo` f` jpz`dp| fåwdzvò`bvdp|(zåmehbdp| nldzmå~ f` i`|ånpvehb f` n`~ feaaåz`bv~

wzhmzdoo`~"

Id tp`~vehb tpei nhbqe`bv f` ~` wh~`z f` bh~ khpz~ `~v f` ~dqhez tpìi`~ ~hbv i`~ nhowåv`bn`~ zåìi`~ f`~

z`~whb~dji`~ f` n`~ wzhmzdoo`~ `b odveìz` f` m`~vehb) f` i`df`z~lew) f` ~peqe `v fåqdipdvehb f`~ wzhmzdoo`~"

T p` adez` whpz z`bfz` id m`~vehb f`~ wzhmzdoo`~ wip~ aaendn` v ~pzvhpv wip~ aaene`bv` 8

N` nhpz~ f` vzhe~ ,>% ~òdeb`~ v`bv` f` zåwhbfz` ç n`vv` tp`~vehb `b z`bahzídbv i`~ nhowåv`bn`~ f`~ z`~whb~dji`~

f`~ wzhmzdoo`~ `b nhbn`wvehb) åidjhzdvehb) oe~` `b pqz`) ~peqe `v åqdipdvehb f`~ wzhmzdoo`~ nhlåz`bv~ f`

~dbvå"

"

Hjk`nvea~ fdwwz`bve~~dm`D id aeb f` id ahzodvehb) i`~ wdzvenewdbv~ ,`~% ~`zhbv ndwdji`~ f`;

Odâvze~`z i`~ nhbbde~~dbn`~ f` jd~` ~pz i`~ feaaåz`bv~ wzhmzdoo`~ f` ~dbvå `b nhpz~ f`|ånpvehb fdb~ bh~

wdu~ 3

Ef`bveae`z i`~ wzebnewdp| fåae~ dp|tpì~ ~hbv nhbazhbvå~ dnvpìiò`bv bh~ wdu~ `b odveìz` f` m`~vehb f`~

wzhmzdoo`~ f` ~dbvå 3

@|wietp`z i`~ nhbn`wv~ niå~ f` m`~vehb fpb wzhmzdoo` f` ~dbvå 3

Odâvze~`z i`~ nhbn`wv~ `v i`~ dwwiendvehb~ f` id M`~vehb D|å` ~pz i`~ Zå~pivdv~ 3

@vdjiez id zìdvehb bvz` id widbeaendvehb ~vzdvåmetp` v id widbeaendvehb hwåzdvehbb ii` 3

Fåaebez id ~vzpnvpz` hzmdbe~dvehbbìi` dwwzhwzeå` whpz måz`z pb wzhmzdoo` 3

Pveie~`z i`~ v`nlbetp`~ v hpvei~ w`zveb`bv~ whpz pb` m`~vehb aaendn` f`~ wzhmzdoo`~ f` ~dbvå 3

Ef`bveae`z i`~ z`~~hpzn`~ bån`~~dez`~ whpz pb` |ånpvehb aaendn` fpb wzhmzdoo` f` ~dbvå3

Fånzez` i`~ wzebnewdi`~ åvdw`~ f` id m`~vehb f`~ z`~~hpzn`~ lpodeb`~) odvåzeìi`~ v aebdbneìz`~ 3

Måz`z aaendnò`bv i` vzdqdei b åtpew` whpz doåiehz`z id tpdievå f`~ ~`zqen`~ 3

Pveie~`z i`~ v`nlbetp`~ aaendn`~ f` ohveqdvehb) f` fåiåmdvehb v f` m`~vehb f`~ nhbaiev~ 3

Nhbn`qhez pb ~u~vìo` f` ~peqe `v fåqdipdvehb f`~ wzhmzdoo`~ f` ~dbvå"

@iåo`bv~ fp nhbv`bp Qp` mihjdi` f`~ wzhmzdoo`~ f` ~dbvå ,Wzhmzdoo`~ f` ^Z) E^V(QEL ! êfd) Wdipfe~o`) Vpj`znpih~`) `vn"%

Wzebnewdp| fåae~ b odveìz` f` m`~vehb f`~ wzhmzdoo`~ f` ~dbvå @iåo`bv~ fpb wzhmzdoo` f` ~dbvå

M`~vehb d|å` ~pz i`~ zå~pivdv~

Nhowåv`bn`~ fpb jhb m`~vehbbdez` f` wzhmzdoo`~

Whievetp`~ f` m`~vehb fpb wzhmzdoo` f` ~dbvå

Zöi`~ v z`~whb~djeievå~ f`~ oòjz`~ f` iåtpew` fpb wzhmzdoo`

Wzhn`~~p~ f` ohjeie~dvehb f`~ z`~~hpzn`~ v f` m`~vehb aebdbneìz` fpb wzhmzdoo` f` ~dbvå

M`~vehb f`~ z`~~hpzn`~ lpodeb`~ ,m`~vehb f`~ nhbaiev~) m`~vehb f`~ zåpbehb~) nhb~vevpvehb fpb` åtpew` f`

vzdqdei) fubdoetp` f` mzhpw`) widefhu`z) fåiåmdvehb f` whpqhez) båmhnedvehb) ohveqdvehb) vn"%"



:4

M`~vehb f`~ z`~~hpzn`~ odvåzeìi`~

^pw`zqe~ehb v D~~pzdbn` f` id tpdievå

^peqe v åqdipdvehb f`~ wzhmzdoo`~

@idjhzdvehb fpb widb f` m`~vehb v f` ~peqe v åqdipdvehb fpb wzhmzdoo`"

Wzhaei f`~ wdzvenewdbv~N` nhpz~ `~v f`~vebå ;

dp| m`~vehbbdez`~ dnvpì~ hp whv`bveì~ f`~ wzhmzdoo`~ f` ~dbvå `b måbåzdi fdb~ i`~ feaaåz`bv~ ~`nv`pz~ tp`

n` ~hev mhpq`zbò`bvdi hp bhb mhpq`zbò`bvdi ,HBM% v ~pzvhpv i` ~`nv`pz wzeqå 3

dp| z`~whb~dji`~ f` id nhhzfebdvehb hp f` id m`~vehb tphvefe`bb` f`~ wzhmzdoo`~ f` ~dbvå 3

dp| nldzmå~ f` wzhmzdoo`~ dwwhzvdbv pb` d~~e~vdbn` v`nlbetp` fdb~ id oe~` `b pqz` f`~ wzhmzdoo`~ f`

~dbvå dp beq`dp f`~ dm`bn`~ f` nhhwåzdvehb je hp opiveidvåzdi`~"




::

^peqe `v @qdipdvehb f`~ Wzhmzdoo`~ f` Ipvv` nhbvz` i` QEL `v

i` êfd

0 41 ~`wvòjz` :744

Id wipwdzv f`~ wdu~ `b fåqìhwwò`bv hbv fp odi ç fåohbvz`z tp` i`~ zdz`~ z`~~hpzn`~ oe~`~ ç i`pz fe~wh~evehb

hbv wzhfpev pb eowdnv tpìnhbtp` 3 nìd ç ndp~` fp odbtp` f` ohu`b~ lpodeb~ `v eb~vevpvehbbì~ ndwdji`~ bhb~`piò`bv fdwwzåne`z id w`zahzodbn` f` i`pz~ wzhmzdoo`~ `v wzhk`v~ f` fåqìhwwò`bv) ode~ åmdiò`bv

fef`bveae`z i`~ nhbvzdebv`~ `v i`~ hwwhzvpbevå~ f` i`pz oe~` `b pqz` daeb fdoåiehz`z n`~ wzhmzdoo`~ `v wzhk`v~

fdb~ i` ndfz` f` id zådie~dvehb f`~ Hjk`nvea~ fp Oeiiåbdez` whpz i` Fåqìhwwò`bv ,HOF%"

I`~ wzhmzdoo`~ f` ipvv` nhbvz` i` QEL `v i` êfd bånldww`bv wd~ ç n`vv` wzhjiåodvetp`" I`~ dnv`pz~ f` id ipvv`

nhbvz` i` QEL `v êfd ~hbv nhbazhbvå~ ç f` bhojz`p~`~ feaaenpivå~ zìdveq`~ dp ~peqe `v åqdipdvehb f`~ wzhmzdoo`~

oe~ `b pqz`" N`~ feaaenpivå~ ~hbv ieå`~ ~hev dp ndzdnvìz` wdznìidez f`~ ~u~vìo`~ febahzodvehb `|e~vdbv~ ~pz i` QEL

`v i` êfd) dq`n nhoo` nhzhiidez` bhvdoo`bv pb` opivewienevå fhpvei~ f` widbeaendvehb) f` nhii`nv`) f` vzdevò`bv

`v fdbdiu~` f`~ fhbbå`~) pb` adeji` aedjeievå f`~ fhbbå`~ fe~whbeji`~ `v id bhb fe~whbejeievå f`~ fhbbå`~ f` jd~`)

~hev dp adev tp` i`~ nhowåv`bn`~ `v ndwdnevå~ f`~ dnv`pz~ `b nldzm` f` ~peqe `v åqdipdvehb dp beq`dp f`~ ~vzpnvpz`~

~hbv ieoevå`~ ,eb~paae~dbn` f` ahzodvehb v adeji`~~` hzmdbe~dvehbbìi`%"

@b ~pzqèiidbv iåqhipvehb f` ~hb wzhk`v hp wzhmzdoo`) i` z`~whb~dji` `~v `b o`~pz` f` fåv`zoeb`z iç hõ idw`zahzodbn` `~v `|nìi`bv`) iç hõ ìi` `~v dfåtpdv` `v iç hõ ìi` `~v ebdfåtpdv`" @b z`vhpz) n`vv` ebahzodvehb w`pv

~`zqez ç neji`z i`~ fhodeb`~ tpe mdmb`zde`bv ç ëvz` doåiehzå~ `v ç diihp`z ~vzdvåmetpò`bv i`~ z`~~hpzn`~ f`

odbeìz` ç z`ldp~~`z id w`zahzodbn` dp beq`dp fp wzhk`v hp wzhmzdoo`"

N`~v ahzv f` n` nhb~vdv tp` i` N@AD) fdb~ ~d w`z~w`nveq` f` wzhohpqhez id npivpz` f`~ zå~pivdv~ fdb~ i` ~`nv`pz

wpjien) wzeqå `v fdb~ i`~ HBM `b Dazetp`) ~`~v `bmdmå ç fåqìhww`z hp z`bahzn`z i`~ ndwdnevå~ lpodeb`~ fdb~ i`

fhodeb` fp QEL `v êfd `b qp` fdoåiehz`z id tpdievå f` id qe` f`~ whwpidvehb~ dazendeb`~"

N` nhpz~ f` f`p| ~òdeb`~ d whpz jpv f` z`bahzn`z i`~ nhowåv`bn`~ f`~ m`~vehbbdez`~ f`~ wzhmzdoo`~ f` ipvv`

nhbvz` i` QEL `v i` êfd `b ~peqe `v åqdipdvehb"

Hjk`nvea~ fdwwz`bve~~dm`D id aeb f` id ahzodvehb) i`~ wdzvenewdbv,`%~ ~`zhbv ndwdji`~ f` ; @idjhz`z pb ndfz` f` ~peqe `v fåqdipdvehb whpz i`~ wzhmzdoo`~ f` ipvv` nhbvz` i` QEL(êfd 3

^åi`nvehbb`z i`~ ebfendv`pz~ dwwzhwzeå~ whpz i` ~peqe `v åqdipdvehb f` nldtp` fhodeb` v`nlbetp`

febv`zq`bvehb3

Nhii`nv`z i`~ fhbbå`~ dp~~e je`b tpdievdveq`~ tp` tpdbvevdveq`~ ç wdzvez fhpvei~ ef`bveaeå~ 3

Fåohbvz`z i`pz~ ndwdnevå~ fdbdiu~` v febv`zwzåvdvehb f` fhbbå`~ 3

Dwwietp`z i`~ nhbn`wv~ måbåzdp| fp ~peqe `v f` iåqdipdvehb dp| fhodeb`~ v`nlbetp`~ ~wåneaetp`~ ,~heb~ ç

fhoenei`) E^V) nhoopbendvehb whpz i` nldbmò`bv f` nhowhzvò`bv~) NFQ) hzwlìeb~ v `badbv~ qpibåzdji`~)

WVO@) W@N niebetp`~) Vzdevò`bv dp| DZQ% whpz id wze~` f` fåne~ehb) id m`~vehb mihjdi` fp wzhmzdoo` 3

Fåaebez pb ~u~vìo` f` ~peqe v åqdipdvehb eowietpdbv i`~ feaaåz`bv~ dnv`pz~ ,feaaåz`bv`~ wdzve`~ wz`bdbv`~% 3

@idjhz`z pb widb f` ~peqe v fåqdipdvehb fpb wzhmzdoo` f` ipvv` nhbvz` i` QEL(~efd 3

@idjhz`z pb widb f` ~peqe f`~ z`nhoodbfdvehb~ ~pev` ç pb` oe~~ehb fåqdipdvehb"

@iåo`bv~ fp nhbv`bp Fe~wh~evea f` ~peqe `v åqdipdvehb

Wzebnewdp| nzevìz`~ v ebfendv`pz~ whpz i` ~peqe `v åqdipdvehb v i` ndfz` ihmetp`

@vdw`~ ~vdbfdzf v oåvlhf`~ fåqdipdvehb

Pveie~dvehb f`~ zå~pivdv~ f` iåqdipdvehb

Oe~` `b widn` fpb ~u~vìo` f` ~peqe `v åqdipdvehb

Hpvei~ f` ~peqe `v åqdipdvehb

@idjhzdvehb fpb widb f` ~peqe v åqdipdvehb

@|wihevdvehb v dbdiu~` f`~ fhbbå`~ z`npèiie`~ fpb` oe~~ehb f` ~peqe v åqdipdvehb



:>

^peqe `v åqdipdvehb f`~ wzhmzdoo`~ f` nhoopbendvehb whpz i` nldbmò`bv f` nhowhzvò`bv ,NNN%

^peqe v åqdipdvehb f`~ wzhmzdoo`~ f` ~heb~ ç fhoenei`

^peqe `v åqdipdvehb f`~ ~`zqen`~ f` nhb~èi `v fåwe~vdm` qhihbvdez` fp QEL

^peqe v åqdipdvehb f`~ wzhmzdoo`~ f` wzåq`bvehb f` id vzdb~oe~~ehb oìz`/`badbv fp QEL

^peqe `v åqdipdvehb f`~ wzhmzdoo`~ f` wze~` `b nldzm` niebetp` fp QEL ,EH) Vzdevò`bv dp| DZQ) E^V%

^peqe `v åqdipdvehb f`~ wzhmzdoo`~ f` ~hpve`b f`~ H@Q"

Wzhaei f`~ wdzvenewdbv~N` nhpz~ `~v f`~vebå dp| m`~vehbbdez`~ dnvpì~ hp whv`bveì~ f`~ wzhmzdoo`~ fp QEL `v êfd `b måbåzdi fdb~ i`~

feaaåz`bv~ ~`nv`pz~ wpjien) wzeqå hp f`~ HBM"

Ei ~dfz`~~` åmdiò`bv dp| nldzmå~ f` wzhmzdoo`~ fp QEL `v ~efd dp beq`dp f`~ dm`bn`~ f` nhhwåzdvehb je hp

opiveidvåzdi`~"




:6

Lh} vh Dwwiu

Dwwiendvehb AhzoDwwiendbv~ ~lhpif nhowi`v` vl` nhpz~` dwwiendvehb ahzo eb f`vdei dbf odei vh;

Vl` Fez`nvhz) NDA^

NDA^ N`bvz`) Odzd Zhdf) Pww`z leii

W"H" Jh| 17706

77:77 Bdezhje) C`bud

Vì"; ,:06/:7% :=>46=5(:=>46<1

Nìi; ,:06% ,7% =:: :70 4=5 (=>> 174 =10

Ad|; ,:06/:7% :=> 46<5

@/odei; nhpz~`~Gnda~"hzm

Apbfebm

Dwwiendbv~ dz` dfqe~`f vh ~``c aebdbnedi d~~e~vdbn` azho jeidv`zdi dbf opiveidv`zdi dm`bne`~ dbf hzmdbe{dvehb~

hw`zdvebm eb vlèz h}b nhpbvze`~ ~pnl d~ P^DEF) NEFD) PBAWD) ADH) dbf MV[" Eb hzf`z vh z`~`zq` d widn` eb hb` ha

NDA^ nhpz~`~) ev e~ dfqe~dji` vh ebfendv` nhbaezo`f apbfebm dv i`d~v ~e| }``c~ jàhz` nhoo`bnò`bv ha vl` nhpz~`"

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CAFS 2011 Course Catalog

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Transcript of CAFS 2011 Course Catalog