CAD Commands Record

8/4/2019 CAD Commands Record

1/44

INTRODUCTION

AutoCAD is a CAD (Computer Aided Design or Computer Aided Drafting) software

application for 2D and 3Ddesign and drafting. It is developed and sold by

Autodesk, Inc. First released in December 1982, AutoCAD was one of the first

CAD programs to run on personal computers, notably the IBM PC. At that

time, most other CAD programs ran on mainframe computers or mini-

computers which were connected to a graphics computer terminal for each

user.

Early releases of AutoCAD used primitive entities lines, polylines, circles, arcs, and

text to construct more complex objects. Since the mid-1990s, AutoCAD has

supported custom objects through its C++ Application Programming Interface

(API). Modern AutoCAD includes a full set of basic solid modeling and 3D

tools. With the release of AutoCAD 2007 came improved 3D modeling, which

meant better navigation when working in 3D. Moreover, it became easier to edit

3D models. The mental ray engine was included in rendering, it was now

possible to do quality renderings
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-aided_designhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_applicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_applicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2d_computer_graphicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3d_computer_graphicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Designhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technical_drawinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autodeskhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_PChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainframe_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minicomputerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minicomputerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_terminalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_Programming_Interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_modelinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_rayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rendering_(computer_graphics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-aided_designhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_applicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_applicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2d_computer_graphicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3d_computer_graphicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Designhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technical_drawinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autodeskhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_PChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainframe_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minicomputerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minicomputerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_terminalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_Programming_Interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_modelinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_rayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rendering_(computer_graphics)


2/44

The AutoCAD Interface

The above shown image illustrates a typical Auto cad user interface

1. Drawing Name:

It shows the name of the currently open drawing

2. Menu Bar:

It shows the various drop down menus available like File, Edit, View, Format,

etc for easy access to commands


3/44

3. Draw Toolbar:

It provides easy access to draw commands

4. Edit Toolbar:

It provides easy access to edit commands

5. UCS Icon:

It shows the XY coordinate system being used for the drawing

6. Multiple Document Windows:

It is used to cycle between windows when a number of drawings are opened

simultaneously

7. Command Line:

It is used to type Auto Cad commands from keyboard

8. Status Bar:

It shows status of Auto Cad functions like snap, tracking etc

9. Cross Hair with pick box:

It shows the position of the mouse pointer. Here the cross hair represents

command mode

and pick represents modify mode

10.Context Menu:

It a drop down list for quick reference when the mouse is at right click


4/44

File Handling Commands

1. QNEW(Starts a new drawing from a selected drawing template file.)

Access Methods

Button

Menu: Application menu New Drawing

Toolbar: Standard

Summary

QNEW starts a new drawing from the current default drawing template file and folder path specified inthe Options dialog box on the Files tab. You can set the default drawing template file to any drawingtemplate file or to None.

When a default drawing template file is set to None or is not specified, QNEW displays the SelectTemplate File dialog box .

The behavior of the QNEW command is determined by the STARTUP system variable.

1: Displays theCreate New Drawing dialog box.

0: Displays the Select Template dialog box or starts the new drawing using the defaultdrawing template file.

2. OPEN(Opens an existing drawing file.)

Access Methods

Button

Menu: Application menu Open Drawing

Toolbar: Standard

Summary

The Select File dialog box is displayed.

You can open and load a portion of a drawing, including geometry on a specific view or layer. In the

Select File dialog box, click the arrow next to Open and choose Partial Open or Partial Open Read-Only to display the Partial Open dialog box.
http://c/Program%20Files/Autodesk/AutoCAD%202011/Help/filesACR/WS1a9193826455f5ffa23ce210c4a30acaf-4e6d.htm#WSc30cd3d5faa8f6d81dd46f7ffc2d5f1ce-7ee1http://c/Program%20Files/Autodesk/AutoCAD%202011/Help/filesACR/WS1a9193826455f5ffa23ce210c4a30acaf-49aa.htm#WSc30cd3d5faa8f6d8b5f53affc2d61001-7ffehttp://c/Program%20Files/Autodesk/AutoCAD%202011/Help/filesACR/WS1a9193826455f5ffa23ce210c4a30acaf-49aa.htm#WSc30cd3d5faa8f6d8b5f53affc2d61001-7ffehttp://c/Program%20Files/Autodesk/AutoCAD%202011/Help/filesACR/WS1a9193826455f5ffa23ce210c4a30acaf-4981.htm#WSc30cd3d5faa8f6d813d93f4ffc2d61250-7fc9http://c/Program%20Files/Autodesk/AutoCAD%202011/Help/filesACR/WS1a9193826455f5ffa23ce210c4a30acaf-4e6d.htm#WSc30cd3d5faa8f6d81dd46f7ffc2d5f1ce-7ee1http://c/Program%20Files/Autodesk/AutoCAD%202011/Help/filesACR/WS1a9193826455f5ffa23ce210c4a30acaf-49aa.htm#WSc30cd3d5faa8f6d8b5f53affc2d61001-7ffehttp://c/Program%20Files/Autodesk/AutoCAD%202011/Help/filesACR/WS1a9193826455f5ffa23ce210c4a30acaf-4981.htm#WSc30cd3d5faa8f6d813d93f4ffc2d61250-7fc9


5/44

3. QSAVE(Saves the current drawing using the file format specified in the Options dialog box.)

Access Methods

Button

Toolbar: Standard

Menu: File Save

Summary

The QSAVE command is equivalent to clicking Save on the File menu.

If the drawing is named, the program saves the drawing using the file format specified on the Openand Save tab of the Options dialog box and does not request a file name. If the drawing is unnamed,the Save Drawing As dialog box (see SAVEAS) is displayed and the drawing is saved with the filename and format you specify.

If the drawing is read-only, use the SAVEAS command to save the changed file under a differentname.
http://c/Program%20Files/Autodesk/AutoCAD%202011/Help/filesACR/WS1a9193826455f5ffa23ce210c4a30acaf-53e4.htm#WSc30cd3d5faa8f6d81bca5f1ffc2d61c40-7fffhttp://c/Program%20Files/Autodesk/AutoCAD%202011/Help/filesACR/WS1a9193826455f5ffa23ce210c4a30acaf-53e4.htm#WSc30cd3d5faa8f6d81bca5f1ffc2d61c40-7fff


6/44

View Commands

2. Zoom(Increases or decreases the magnification of the view in the current viewport.)

Access Methods

Button

Ribbon: View tab Navigate panel Realtime

Menu: View Zoom Realtime

Toolbar: StandardShortcut menu: With no objects selected, right-click in the drawing area and choose Zoom to zoomin real time.

Command entry: 'zoom for transparent use

Summary

You can change the magnification of a view by zooming in and out, which is similar to zooming in andout with a camera. Using ZOOM does not change the absolute size of objects in the drawing. Itchanges only the magnification of the view.

List of Prompts

The following prompts are displayed.

All

Zooms to display all visible objects and visual aids.

The model fills the window using the greater extents calculated by all visible objects, or theextents of all visible objects and some visual aids. Visual aids might be the model's grid, agizmo, or other.

In the illustration,LIMITS is greater than the extents of the drawing.

Because it always regenerates the drawing, you cannot use ZOOM All transparently

Extents

Zooms to display the maximum extents of all objects.

The extents of each object in the model are calculated and used to determine how the modelshould fill the window.
http://c/Program%20Files/Autodesk/AutoCAD%202011/Help/filesACR/WS1a9193826455f5ffa23ce210c4a30acaf-51f7.htm##http://c/Program%20Files/Autodesk/AutoCAD%202011/Help/filesACR/WS1a9193826455f5ffa23ce210c4a30acaf-51f7.htm##http://c/Program%20Files/Autodesk/AutoCAD%202011/Help/filesACR/WS1a9193826455f5ffa23ce210c4a30acaf-51f7.htm##


7/44

Selection Methods

SELECT

(Places selected objects in the Previous selection set)

Commandentry: select

Select objects: Use an object selection method

A small box, called the object selection target, replaces the crosshairs on the graphics cursor.

Summary

Objects must be selected in order to be processed. The Select Objects prompt occurs after manycommands, including the SELECT command itself.

You can select objects individually with the pointing device, by drawing a selection window aroundthem, by entering coordinates, or by using one of the selection methods listed below. These methodscan be used to select objects regardless of the command that initiated the Select Objects prompt.

To view all options, enter? at the command prompt.

Expects a point or

Window/Last/Crossing/BOX/ALL/Fence/WPolygon/CPolygon/Group/Add/Remove/Multiple/Previous/Undo/AUto/SIngle/SUbobject/Object

Select objects: Specify a point or enter an option

List of Prompts


Window

Selects all objects completely inside a rectangle defined by two points. Specifying the cornersfrom left to right creates a window selection. (Specifying the corners from right to left creates acrossing selection.)

Specify first corner: Specify a point (1)

Specify opposite corner: Specify a point (2)

Crossing
http://www.kxcad.net/autodesk/autocad/AutoCAD_2008_Command_Reference/d0e104735.htm#WSc30cd3d5faa8f6d81bca5f1ffc2d61c40-7fc6http://www.kxcad.net/autodesk/autocad/AutoCAD_2008_Command_Reference/d0e104735.htm#WSc30cd3d5faa8f6d81bca5f1ffc2d61c40-7fc5http://www.kxcad.net/autodesk/autocad/AutoCAD_2008_Command_Reference/d0e104735.htm#WSc30cd3d5faa8f6d81bca5f1ffc2d61c40-7fc4http://www.kxcad.net/autodesk/autocad/AutoCAD_2008_Command_Reference/d0e104735.htm#WSc30cd3d5faa8f6d81bca5f1ffc2d61c40-7fc3http://www.kxcad.net/autodesk/autocad/AutoCAD_2008_Command_Reference/d0e104735.htm#WSc30cd3d5faa8f6d81bca5f1ffc2d61c40-7fc2http://www.kxcad.net/autodesk/autocad/AutoCAD_2008_Command_Reference/d0e104735.htm#WSc30cd3d5faa8f6d81bca5f1ffc2d61c40-7fc1http://www.kxcad.net/autodesk/autocad/AutoCAD_2008_Command_Reference/d0e104735.htm#WSc30cd3d5faa8f6d81bca5f1ffc2d61c40-7fc0http://www.kxcad.net/autodesk/autocad/AutoCAD_2008_Command_Reference/d0e104735.htm#WSc30cd3d5faa8f6d81bca5f1ffc2d61c40-7fbfhttp://www.kxcad.net/autodesk/autocad/AutoCAD_2008_Command_Reference/d0e104735.htm#WSc30cd3d5faa8f6d81bca5f1ffc2d61c40-7fbehttp://www.kxcad.net/autodesk/autocad/AutoCAD_2008_Command_Reference/d0e104735.htm#WSc30cd3d5faa8f6d81bca5f1ffc2d61c40-7fbdhttp://www.kxcad.net/autodesk/autocad/AutoCAD_2008_Command_Reference/d0e104735.htm#WSc30cd3d5faa8f6d81bca5f1ffc2d61c40-7fbchttp://www.kxcad.net/autodesk/autocad/AutoCAD_2008_Command_Reference/d0e104735.htm#WSc30cd3d5faa8f6d81bca5f1ffc2d61c40-7fbbhttp://www.kxcad.net/autodesk/autocad/AutoCAD_2008_Command_Reference/d0e104735.htm#WSc30cd3d5faa8f6d81bca5f1ffc2d61c40-7fbahttp://www.kxcad.net/autodesk/autocad/AutoCAD_2008_Command_Reference/d0e104735.htm#WSc30cd3d5faa8f6d81bca5f1ffc2d61c40-7fb9http://www.kxcad.net/autodesk/autocad/AutoCAD_2008_Command_Reference/d0e104735.htm#WSc30cd3d5faa8f6d81bca5f1ffc2d61c40-7fb8http://www.kxcad.net/autodesk/autocad/AutoCAD_2008_Command_Reference/d0e104735.htm#WSc30cd3d5faa8f6d81bca5f1ffc2d61c40-7fb7http://www.kxcad.net/autodesk/autocad/AutoCAD_2008_Command_Reference/d0e104735.htm#WSfacf1429558a55def27e5f106b5723eec-6f63http://www.kxcad.net/autodesk/autocad/AutoCAD_2008_Command_Reference/d0e104735.htm#WSfacf1429558a55def27e5f106b5723eec-6f61http://www.kxcad.net/autodesk/autocad/AutoCAD_2008_Command_Reference/d0e104735.htm#WSc30cd3d5faa8f6d81bca5f1ffc2d61c40-7fc6http://www.kxcad.net/autodesk/autocad/AutoCAD_2008_Command_Reference/d0e104735.htm#WSc30cd3d5faa8f6d81bca5f1ffc2d61c40-7fc5http://www.kxcad.net/autodesk/autocad/AutoCAD_2008_Command_Reference/d0e104735.htm#WSc30cd3d5faa8f6d81bca5f1ffc2d61c40-7fc4http://www.kxcad.net/autodesk/autocad/AutoCAD_2008_Command_Reference/d0e104735.htm#WSc30cd3d5faa8f6d81bca5f1ffc2d61c40-7fc3http://www.kxcad.net/autodesk/autocad/AutoCAD_2008_Command_Reference/d0e104735.htm#WSc30cd3d5faa8f6d81bca5f1ffc2d61c40-7fc2http://www.kxcad.net/autodesk/autocad/AutoCAD_2008_Command_Reference/d0e104735.htm#WSc30cd3d5faa8f6d81bca5f1ffc2d61c40-7fc1http://www.kxcad.net/autodesk/autocad/AutoCAD_2008_Command_Reference/d0e104735.htm#WSc30cd3d5faa8f6d81bca5f1ffc2d61c40-7fc0http://www.kxcad.net/autodesk/autocad/AutoCAD_2008_Command_Reference/d0e104735.htm#WSc30cd3d5faa8f6d81bca5f1ffc2d61c40-7fbfhttp://www.kxcad.net/autodesk/autocad/AutoCAD_2008_Command_Reference/d0e104735.htm#WSc30cd3d5faa8f6d81bca5f1ffc2d61c40-7fbehttp://www.kxcad.net/autodesk/autocad/AutoCAD_2008_Command_Reference/d0e104735.htm#WSc30cd3d5faa8f6d81bca5f1ffc2d61c40-7fbdhttp://www.kxcad.net/autodesk/autocad/AutoCAD_2008_Command_Reference/d0e104735.htm#WSc30cd3d5faa8f6d81bca5f1ffc2d61c40-7fbchttp://www.kxcad.net/autodesk/autocad/AutoCAD_2008_Command_Reference/d0e104735.htm#WSc30cd3d5faa8f6d81bca5f1ffc2d61c40-7fbbhttp://www.kxcad.net/autodesk/autocad/AutoCAD_2008_Command_Reference/d0e104735.htm#WSc30cd3d5faa8f6d81bca5f1ffc2d61c40-7fbahttp://www.kxcad.net/autodesk/autocad/AutoCAD_2008_Command_Reference/d0e104735.htm#WSc30cd3d5faa8f6d81bca5f1ffc2d61c40-7fb9http://www.kxcad.net/autodesk/autocad/AutoCAD_2008_Command_Reference/d0e104735.htm#WSc30cd3d5faa8f6d81bca5f1ffc2d61c40-7fb8http://www.kxcad.net/autodesk/autocad/AutoCAD_2008_Command_Reference/d0e104735.htm#WSc30cd3d5faa8f6d81bca5f1ffc2d61c40-7fb7http://www.kxcad.net/autodesk/autocad/AutoCAD_2008_Command_Reference/d0e104735.htm#WSfacf1429558a55def27e5f106b5723eec-6f63http://www.kxcad.net/autodesk/autocad/AutoCAD_2008_Command_Reference/d0e104735.htm#WSfacf1429558a55def27e5f106b5723eec-6f61


8/44

Selects objects within and crossing an area defined by two points. A crossing selection isdisplayed as dashed or otherwise highlighted to differentiate it from window selection.Specifying the corners from right to left creates a crossing selection. (Specifying the cornersfrom left to right creates a window selection.)

First corner: Specify a point (1)

Other corner: Specify a point (2)

All

Selects all objects on thawed layers.

Basic Geometric Shapes

1. POINT(Creates a point object.)

Access Methods

Button

Ribbon: Home tab Draw panel Multiple Points

Toolbar: Draw

Menu: Draw Point Single Point

Summary

Points can act as nodes to which you can snap objects. You can specify a full three-dimensionallocation for a point. The current elevation is assumed if you omit the Zcoordinate value.

2. Point Style Dialog Box(Shows the current point style and size. Change the point style by selecting an icon.)

Access Methods

Button

Ribbon: Home tab Utilities panel Point Style

Menu: Format Point Style

Command entry: ddptype (or'ddptype for transparent use)


9/44

List of Options

The following options are displayed.

Point Display Images

Specifies the image used to display point objects. The point style is stored in the PDMODE systemvariable.

Point Size

Sets the point display size. The value you enter can be relative to the screen or in absolute units. Thepoint display size is stored in the PDSIZE system variable. Subsequent point objects that you draw usethe new value.

Set Size Relative to Screen

Sets the point display size as a percentage of the screen size. The point display does notchange when you zoom in or out.

Set Size in Absolute Units

Sets the point display size as the actual units you specify under Point Size. Points aredisplayed larger or smaller when you zoom in or out.

3 . LINE(Creates straight line segments.)

Access Methods

Button

Ribbon: Home tab Draw panel Line

Menu: Draw Line

Toolbar: Draw

Summary

With LINE, you can create a series of contiguous line segments. Each segment is a line object that canbe edited separately.
http://c/Program%20Files/Autodesk/AutoCAD%202011/Help/filesACR/WS1a9193826455f5ffa23ce210c4a30acaf-4f0f.htm#WSc30cd3d5faa8f6d81dd46f7ffc2d5f1ce-7f1dhttp://c/Program%20Files/Autodesk/AutoCAD%202011/Help/filesACR/WS1a9193826455f5ffa23ce210c4a30acaf-4f0e.htm#WSc30cd3d5faa8f6d81dd46f7ffc2d5f1ce-7f1chttp://c/Program%20Files/Autodesk/AutoCAD%202011/Help/filesACR/WS1a9193826455f5ffa23ce210c4a30acaf-4f0f.htm#WSc30cd3d5faa8f6d81dd46f7ffc2d5f1ce-7f1dhttp://c/Program%20Files/Autodesk/AutoCAD%202011/Help/filesACR/WS1a9193826455f5ffa23ce210c4a30acaf-4f0e.htm#WSc30cd3d5faa8f6d81dd46f7ffc2d5f1ce-7f1c


10/44


11/44

Access Methods

Button

Ribbon: Home tab Draw panel Circle drop-down

Menu: Draw Circle Center, RadiusToolbar: Draw

List of Prompts


Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: Specify a point or enter an option

Center Point

Ribbon: Home tab Draw panel Circle drop-down Center, Radius

Draws a circle based on a center point and a diameter or a radius.

Radius

Defines the radius of the circle. Enter a value, or specify a point.

For example:

Diameter

Defines the diameter of the circle. Enter a value, or specify a second point.For example:

3P (Three Points)
http://c/Program%20Files/Autodesk/AutoCAD%202011/Help/filesACR/WS1a9193826455f5ffa23ce210c4a30acaf-4d12.htm#WS1a9193826455f5ff15eac7f10e40671dc3-7c59http://c/Program%20Files/Autodesk/AutoCAD%202011/Help/filesACR/WS1a9193826455f5ffa23ce210c4a30acaf-4d12.htm#WS1a9193826455f5ff15eac7f10e40671dc3-7c58http://c/Program%20Files/Autodesk/AutoCAD%202011/Help/filesACR/WS1a9193826455f5ffa23ce210c4a30acaf-4d12.htm#WS1a9193826455f5ff15eac7f10e40671dc3-7c57http://c/Program%20Files/Autodesk/AutoCAD%202011/Help/filesACR/WS1a9193826455f5ffa23ce210c4a30acaf-4d12.htm#WS1a9193826455f5ff15eac7f10e40671dc3-7c56http://c/Program%20Files/Autodesk/AutoCAD%202011/Help/filesACR/WS1a9193826455f5ffa23ce210c4a30acaf-4d12.htm#WS1a9193826455f5ff15eac7f10e40671dc3-7c59http://c/Program%20Files/Autodesk/AutoCAD%202011/Help/filesACR/WS1a9193826455f5ffa23ce210c4a30acaf-4d12.htm#WS1a9193826455f5ff15eac7f10e40671dc3-7c58http://c/Program%20Files/Autodesk/AutoCAD%202011/Help/filesACR/WS1a9193826455f5ffa23ce210c4a30acaf-4d12.htm#WS1a9193826455f5ff15eac7f10e40671dc3-7c57http://c/Program%20Files/Autodesk/AutoCAD%202011/Help/filesACR/WS1a9193826455f5ffa23ce210c4a30acaf-4d12.htm#WS1a9193826455f5ff15eac7f10e40671dc3-7c56


12/44

Ribbon: Home tab Draw panel Circle drop-down 3-point

Draws a circle based on three points on the circumference.

Data Entry Methods

1. Polar Tracking

Polar tracking restricts cursor movement to specified angles. When you are creating or modifyingobjects, you can use polar tracking to display temporary alignment paths defined by the polar anglesyou specify

Polar angles are relative to the orientation of the current user coordinate system (UCS) and the settingfor the base angle convention in a drawing. The angle base direction is set in the Drawing Units dialogbox.

.

As you move your cursor, alignment paths and tooltips are displayed when you move the cursor nearpolar angles. The default angle measurement is 90 degrees. Use the alignment path and tooltip todraw your object. You can use polar tracking with Intersection and Apparent Intersection object snapsto find where a polar alignment path intersects another object.

Specify Polar Angles (Polar Tracking)

You can use polar tracking to track along polar angle increments of 90, 60, 45, 30, 22.5, 18, 15, 10,and 5 degrees, or you can specify other angles. The following illustration shows the alignment pathsdisplayed as you move your cursor 90 degrees with the polar angle increment set to 30 degrees.


13/44

The orientation of 0 depends on the angle you set in the Drawing Units dialog box (UNITS). Thedirection of snap (clockwise or counterclockwise) depends on the units direction you specify whensetting units of measurement.

You can turn polar tracking on and off temporarily by using an override key. The direct distance entrymethod is not available while you are using the temporary override key for polar tracking.

To turn on and turn off polar tracking

Press F10, or click the polar button on the status bar.

To turn polar tracking on or off temporarily, hold down the F10 key while you work.

To draw objects using polar tracking

1. Turn on polar tracking and start a drawing command, such as ARC, CIRCLE, or LINE.

You can also use polar tracking with editing commands, such as COPY and MOVE.

2. As you move your cursor to specify points, notice the dotted polar tracking line thatappears at the tracking angles you specified. Points you specify while the line is displayed

conform to the polar tracking angle.

To set polar tracking angles

1. Click Tools menu Drafting Settings.

2. In the Drafting Settings dialog box, Polar Tracking tab, select Polar Tracking On.

3. In the Increment Angle list, select the polar tracking angle.

4. To set additional tracking angles, select Additional Angles. Click New. Enter the anglevalue in the text box.

5. Under Polar Angle Measurement, specify whether polar tracking increments are basedon the UCS or relative to the last object you created.

6. Click OK

2. Track to Points on Objects (Object Snap Tracking)

Object Snap TrackingUse object snap tracking to track along alignment paths that are based on object snap points. Acquiredpoints display a small plus sign (+), and you can acquire up to seven tracking points at a time. Afteryou acquire a point, horizontal, vertical, or polar alignment paths relative to the point are displayed as
http://c/Program%20Files/Autodesk/AutoCAD%202011/Help/filesACR/WS1a9193826455f5ffa23ce210c4a30acaf-527d.htm#WSc30cd3d5faa8f6d815ee671ffc2d6228c-7fcchttp://c/Program%20Files/Autodesk/AutoCAD%202011/Help/filesACR/WS1a9193826455f5ffa23ce210c4a30acaf-527d.htm#WSc30cd3d5faa8f6d815ee671ffc2d6228c-7fcc


14/44

you move the cursor over their drawing paths. For example, you can select a point along a path basedon an object endpoint or midpoint or an intersection between objects.

In the following illustration, the Endpoint object snap is on. You start a line by clicking its start point (1),move the cursor over another line's endpoint (2) to acquire it, and then move the cursor along thehorizontal alignment path to locate the endpoint you want for the line you are drawing (3).

Change Object Snap Tracking Settings

By default, object snap tracking is set to orthogonal. Alignment paths are displayed at 0, 90, 180, and270 degrees from acquired object points. However, you can use polar tracking angles instead.

For object snap tracking, object points are automatically acquired. However, you can choose to

acquire points only when you press Shift.

Function Keys

The Following Are The Commonly Used Function Keys In AutoCAD:

1. F1: Opens the AutoCAD help dialog box

2. F2: Opens the AutoCAD text window. Here we scroll through history of commands

3. F3: Turns running OSNAP On and Off

4. F8: Turns ORTHO On and Off

5. F10: Turns POLAR On and Off

6. F11: Turns running OTRACK On and Off

Setting running object snap modes

Access Methods

Toolbar: Object Snap

Menu: Tools menu Drafting SettingsShortcut menu: Press SHIFT while right-clicking in the drawing area and choose Osnap Settings.

Toolbar: Status bar Osnap

Command entry: osnap (or'osnap for transparent use)


15/44

The Object Snaps tab of the Drafting Settings dialog box is displayed.

If you enterosnap at the command prompt, the following OSNAP command prompts are displayed.

Current osnap modes: current

Enter list ofobject snap modes: Enter names of object snap modes separated with commas, or enternone oroff

Object snap modes

Specify one or more object snap modes by entering the first three characters of the name. If you entermore than one name, separate the names with commas.

ENDpoint CENter TANgent

MIDpoint NODe NEArest

INTersection QUAdrant PARallel

EXTension INSertion

APParent Intersection PERpendicular

For a description of each of these object snap modes, see the Object Snaps tab of the DraftingSettings dialog box.

The -OSNAP command also presents the following additional options:

QUIck

Snaps to the first snap point found. Quick must be used in conjunction with other object snapmodes.

NONe

Turns off object snap modes.

Toolbar:ModifyShortcut menu:Select the objects to erase, right-click in the drawing area, and click Erase.

Command entry:erase

The objects are removed from the drawing.

Instead of selecting objects to erase, you canenter an option, such as L to erase the lastobject drawn, p to erase the previous

selection set, or ALL to erase all objects. Youcan also enter ? to get a list of all options.

UNDO
http://www.kxcad.net/autodesk/autocad/AutoCAD_2008_Command_Reference/WS1a9193826455f5ffa23ce210c4a30acaf-4bcc.htm#WSc30cd3d5faa8f6d88b819fffc2d5fd76-7f25http://www.kxcad.net/autodesk/autocad/AutoCAD_2008_Command_Reference/d0e82600.htm#WSc30cd3d5faa8f6d813d93f4ffc2d61250-7f69http://www.kxcad.net/autodesk/autocad/AutoCAD_2008_Command_Reference/WS1a9193826455f5ffa23ce210c4a30acaf-4bcc.htm#WSc30cd3d5faa8f6d88b819fffc2d5fd76-7f25http://www.kxcad.net/autodesk/autocad/AutoCAD_2008_Command_Reference/WS1a9193826455f5ffa23ce210c4a30acaf-4bcc.htm#WSc30cd3d5faa8f6d88b819fffc2d5fd76-7f25http://www.kxcad.net/autodesk/autocad/AutoCAD_2008_Command_Reference/WS1a9193826455f5ffa23ce210c4a30acaf-4bcc.htm#WSc30cd3d5faa8f6d88b819fffc2d5fd76-7f25http://www.kxcad.net/autodesk/autocad/AutoCAD_2008_Command_Reference/d0e82600.htm#WSc30cd3d5faa8f6d813d93f4ffc2d61250-7f69http://www.kxcad.net/autodesk/autocad/AutoCAD_2008_Command_Reference/WS1a9193826455f5ffa23ce210c4a30acaf-4bcc.htm#WSc30cd3d5faa8f6d88b819fffc2d5fd76-7f25http://www.kxcad.net/autodesk/autocad/AutoCAD_2008_Command_Reference/WS1a9193826455f5ffa23ce210c4a30acaf-4bcc.htm#WSc30cd3d5faa8f6d88b819fffc2d5fd76-7f25


16/44

Toolbar:StandardCommand entry:undo

UNDO displays the command or system variable name at the Command prompt to

indicate that you have stepped past the point where the command was used.UNDO has no effect on some commands and system variables, including those that open,

close, or save a window or a drawing, display information, change the graphics display,regenerate the drawing, or export the drawing in a different format.

NUMBER

Undoes the specified number of preceding operations. The effect is the same as enteringu multiple times.

CONTROL

Limits or turns off UNDO.

All

Turns on the full UNDO command.

Layer

Controls whether the layer dialog operations are combined as a single undooperation.

FILLETToolbar: Modify

Menu: Modify FilletCommand entry: fillet

In the example, an arc is created that is tangent to both of the selected lines. The lines

are trimmed to the ends of the arc. To create a sharp corner instead, enter a radius ofzero.

You can fillet arcs, circles, elipses, elliptical arcs, lines, polylines, rays, splines, and xlines.

You can also fillet 3D solids and surfaces. If you select a mesh object for filleting, you canchoose to convert the mesh to a solid or surface and continue the operation.

.First Object

Selects the first of two objects required to define a 2D fillet or selects the edge of a 3D

solid to round or fillet the edge.


17/44

If you select lines, arcs, or polylines, their lengths adjust to accommodate the fillet arc.You can hold down Shift while selecting the objects to override the current fillet radiuswith a value of 0.

If the selected objects are straight line segments of a 2D polyline, they can be adjacentor separated by one other segment. If they are separated by another polyline segment,FILLET deletes the segment that separates them and replaces it with the fillet.

More than one fillet can exist between arcs and circles. Select the objects close to whereyou want the endpoints of the fillet.

FILLET does not trim circles; the fillet arc meets the circle smoothly.

If you select a 3D solid, you can select multiple edges, but you must select the edgesindividually.

Enter fillet radius : Specify a distance or press Enter

Select an edge or [Chain/Radius]: Select edge(s), enterc, or enterr


18/44

.

Select edge chain or : Select an edge chain, entere, or enterr

Radius

Defines the radius of the rounded edge.

Enter fillet radius : Specify a distance or press Enter

The previous prompt is displayed:

Select an edge or [Chain/Radius]: Select one or more edges, or enterc orrUndo

Reverses the previous action in the command.

Radius

Defines the radius of the fillet arc.

Specify fillet radius : Specify a distance or press Enter

The value you enter becomes the current radius for subsequent FILLET commands.Changing this value does not affect existing fillet arcs.Trim

Controls whether FILLET trims the selected edges to the fillet arc endpoints.

Enter Trim mode option [Trim/No trim] : Enter an option or press Enter

Trim

Trims the selected edges to the fillet arc endpoints.

No Trim

Does not trim the selected edges.Multiple

Rounds the edges of more than one set of objects. FILLET displays the main prompt andthe S

TRIM

Menu: Modify Trim

Toolbar: ModifyCommand entry: trim

To trim objects, select the boundaries. Then press ENTER and select the objects that youwant to trim. To use all objects as boundaries, press ENTER at the first Select Objectsprompt.


19/44

.

Select the objects that define the cutting edges to which you want to trim an object, or

press ENTER to select all displayed objects as potential cutting edges. TRIM projects thecutting edges and the objects to be trimmed onto theXYplane of the current usercoordinate system (UCS).To select cutting edges that include blocks, you can use only the single selection,Crossing, Fence, and Select All options.

Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or[Fence/Crossing/Project/Edge/eRase/Undo]: Select an object to trim, hold down SHIFTand select an object to extend it instead, or enter an option

Specify an object selection method to select the objects to trim. If more than one trimresult is possible, the location of the first selection point determines the result.

Object to trim

Specifies the object to trim. The prompt for selecting the object to trim repeats so youcan trim multiple objects. Press ENTER to exit the command.

Shift-select to extend

Extends the selected objects rather than trimming them. This option provides an easymethod to switch between trimming and extending.

Fence

Selects all objects that cross the selection fence. The selection fence is a series of

temporary line segments that you specify with two or more fence points. The selection

fence does not form a closed loop.

Specify first fence point: Specify the starting point of the selection fence


20/44

Specify next fence point or [Undo]: Specify the next point of the selection fence or enteru

Specify next fence point or [Undo]: Specify the next point of the selection fence, enteru,or press ENTER

Crossing

Selects objects within and crossing a rectangular area defined by two points.

Specify first corner: Specify a point

Specify opposite corner: Specify a point at a diagonal from the first point

Some crossing selections of objects to be trimmed are ambiguous. TRIM resolves theselection by following along the rectangular crossing window in a clockwise direction from

the first point to the first object encountered.

UCS

Specifies projection onto theXYplane of the current UCS. The command trimsobjects that do not intersect with the cutting edge in 3D space.

View

Specifies projection along the current view direction. The command trimsobjects that intersect the boundary in the current view.

Extend

Extends the cutting edge along its natural path to intersect an object in 3Dspace.

Erase

Deletes selected objects. This option provides a convenient method to erase unneededobjects without leaving the TRIM command.

Select objects to erase or : Use an object selection method and press ENTER toreturn to the previous prompt

OffsetMenu: Modify Offset


21/44

Toolbar: ModifyCommand entry: offset

Specify offset distance or [Through/Erase/Layer] : Specify a distance, enter an

option, or press Enter

You can offset an object at a specified distance or through a point. After you offsetobjects, you can trim and extend them as an efficient method to create drawingscontaining many parallel lines and curves.

The OFFSET command repeats for convenience. To exit the command, press Enter.

Offset distance

Creates an object at a specified distance from an existing object.

Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] : Select one object, enter an option, or pressEnter to end the command

Specify point on side to offset or [Exit/Multiple/Undo] : Specify apoint (1) on the side of the object you want to offset or enter an option

Exit

Exits the OFFSET command.

Multiple

Enters the Multiple offset mode, which repeats the offset operation using thecurrent offset distance.

Undo

Reverses the previous offset.

.

Select object to offset or : Select one object or press Enter to end the command

NoteFor best results when you offset a polyline with corners, specify the through pointnear the midpoint of a line segment, not near a corner.


22/44

Specify through point or [Exit/Multiple/Undo] : Specify a point (1)through which you want the offset object to pass or enter a distance

Exit

Exits the OFFSET command.

Multiple

Enters the Multiple offset mode, which repeats the offset operation and accepts

additional through points.

Undo

Reverses the previous offset.

Erase

Erases the source object after it is offset.

Erase source object after offsetting? [Yes/No] : Entery orn

Layer

Determines whether offset objects are created on the current layer or on the layer of the

source object.

Enter layer option for offset objects [Current/Source] : Enter an option

BREAK

Menu: Modify Break

Toolbar: ModifyCommand entry: break

You can create a gap between two specified points on an object, breaking it into twoobjects. If the points are off of an object, they are automatically projected on to theobject. BREAK is often used to create space for a block or text.

Select object: Use an object selection method, or specify the first break point (1) on anobject

The prompts that are displayed next depend on how you select the object. If you select

the object by using your pointing device, the program both selects the object and treatsthe selection point as the first break point. At the next prompt you can continue byspecifying the second point or overriding the first point.


23/44

Specify second break point or [First point]: Specify the second break point (2) or enterf

Second Break Point

Specifies the second point to use to break the object.

First Point

Overrides the original first point with the new point that you specify.

Specify first break point:

Specify second break point:

The portion of the object is erased between the two points that you specify. If the second

point is not on the object, the nearest point on the object is selected; therefore, to break

off one end of a line, arc, or polyline, specify the second point beyond the end to beremoved.

To split an object in two without erasing a portion, enter the same point for both the firstand second points. You can do this by entering @ to specify the second point.

Lines, arcs, circles, polylines, ellipses, splines, donuts, and several other object types canbe split into two objects or have one end removed.

The program converts a circle to an arc by removing a piece of the circle startingcounterclockwise from the first to the second point.

You can also break selected objecs at a single point with the Break at Point tool.

Valid objects include lines, open polylines, and arcs. Closed objects such as circles cannotbe broken at a single point.

JOINMenu: Modify Join

Toolbar: Modify

Command entry:join

Objects to be joined must be located in the same plane. Each type of object has

additional restrictions.


24/44

Select source object: Select a line, polyline, arc, elliptical arc, spline, or helix

Depending on the source object selected, one of the following prompts is displayed:

LINE

Select lines to join to source: Select one or more lines and press ENTER

The line objects must be collinear (lying on the same infinite line), but can have gapsbetween them.

POLYLINE

Select objects to join to source: Select one or more objects and press ENTER

The objects can be lines, polylines, or arcs. The objects cannot have gaps between them,and must lie on the same plane parallel to the UCSXYplane.

ARC

Select arcs to join to source or [cLose]: Select one or more arcs and press ENTER, or

enterL

The arc objects must lie on the same imaginary circle, but can have gaps between them.

The Close option converts the source arc into a circle.When joining two or more arcs, the arcs are joined counterclockwise beginning from thesource object.

ELLIPTICAL ARC

The elliptical arcs must lie on the same ellipse, but can have gaps between them. TheClose option closes the source ellipstical arc into a complete ellipse.

.When joining two or more elliptical arcs, the elliptical arcs are joined counterclockwisebeginning from the source object.

SPLINE

Select splines or helixes to join to source: Select one or more splines or helixes and press

ENTER

The spline and helix objects must be contiguous (lying end-to-end). The resulting object

is a single spline.

HELIX

Select splines or helixes to join to source: Select one or more splines or helixes and pressENTER

The helix objects must be contiguous (lying end-to-end). The resulting object is a singlespline.


25/44

COPYMenu: Modify Copy

Toolbar: ModifyShortcut menu: Select the objects to copy, and right-click in the drawing area. Click CopySelection.

Command entry: copy

Select objects: Use an object selection method and press Enter when you finish

Current settings: Copy mode = current

Specify base point or [Displacement/mOde/Multiple] : Specify a basepoint or enter an option

The two points you specify define a vector that indicates how far the copied objects are tobe moved and in what direction.

If you press Enter at the Specify Second Point prompt, the first point is interpreted as a

relativeX,Y,Zdisplacement. For example, if you specify 2,3 for the base point and press

Enter at the next prompt, the objects are copied 2 units in theXdirection and 3 units inthe Ydirection from their current position.

The COPY command repeats automatically by default. To exit the command, press Enter.

With the COPYMODE system variable, you can control whether multiple copies arecreated automatically.

Displacement

Specifies a relative distance and direction using coordinates.

Specify displacement : Enter coordinates to represent a vector

Mode

Controls whether the command repeats automatically. This setting is controlled by theCOPYMODE system variable.

Enter a copy mode option [Single/Multiple] : Enters orm

Multiple

Overrides the Single mode setting. The COPY command is set to repeat automatically forthe duration of the command. This setting is controlled by theCOPYMODE systemvariable.This option is displayed only when copy mode is set to Single.Menu: Modify Move

Toolbar:ModifyShortcut menu: Select the objects to move, and right-click in the drawing area. Click

Move.


26/44

Command entry: move

Select objects: Use an object selection method and press Enter when you finish

Specify base point or [Displacement]: Specify a base point or enterd

Specify second point or : Specify a point or press Enter

The two points you specify define a vector that indicates how far the selected objects areto be moved and in what direction.

If you press Enter at the Specify Second Point prompt, the first point is interpreted as arelativeX,Y,Zdisplacement. For example, if you specify 2,3 for the base point and press

Enter at the next prompt, the objects move 2 units in theXdirection and 3 units in the Ydirection from their current position.

Use coordinates, grid snaps, object snaps, and other tools to move objects with precision.

Displacement

Specify displacement : Enter coordinates to represent a vector

The coordinate values that you enter specify a relative distance and direction.

MOVEMenu: Modify Move

Toolbar: ModifyShortcut menu: Select the objects to move, and right-click in the drawing area. ClickMove.

Command entry: move

The two points you specify define a vector that indicates how far the selected objects areto be moved and in what direction.

If you press Enter at the Specify Second Point prompt, the first point is interpreted as arelativeX,Y,Zdisplacement. For example, if you specify 2,3 for the base point and pressEnter at the next prompt, the objects move 2 units in theXdirection and 3 units in the Ydirection from their current position.

Use coordinates, grid snaps, object snaps, and other tools to move objects with precision.


27/44

The coordinate values that you enter specify a relative distance and direction.

EXTENDMenu: Modify Extend

Toolbar: ModifyCommand entry: extend

To extend objects, first select the boundaries. Then press Enter and select the objectsthat you want to extend. To use all objects as boundaries, press Enter at the first Select

Objects prompt.

Boundary objects

Uses the selected objects to define the boundary edges to which you want to extend anobject.

Object to extend

Specifies the objects to extend. Press Enter to end the command.

Shift-select to trim

Trims the selected objects to the nearest boundary rather than extending them. This is

an easy method to switch between trimming and extending.

Fence

Selects all objects that cross the selection fence. The selection fence is a series oftemporary line segments that you specify with two or more fence points. The selection

fence does not form a closed loop.

Crossing

Selects objects within and crossing a rectangular area defined by two points.Some crossing selections of objects to be extended are ambiguous. EXTEND resolves the

selection by following along the rectangular crossing window in a clockwise direction fromthe first point to the first object encountered.


28/44

Project

Specifies the projection method used when extending objects.

None

Specifies no projection. Only objects that intersect with the boundary edge in3D space are extended.

UCS

Specifies projection onto theXYplane of the current user coordinate system(UCS). Objects that do not intersect with the boundary objects in 3D space are

extended.

View

Specifies projection along the current view direction.

Extend

Extends the boundary object along its natural path to intersect another objector its implied edge in 3D space.

undo


29/44

Reverses the most recent changes made by EXTEND.Menu: Modify Rotate

Toolbar: ModifyShortcut menu: Select the objects to rotate, and right-click in the drawing area. ClickRotate.

Command entry: rotate

Rotation Angle

Determines how far an object rotates around the base point.

The axis of rotation passes through the specified base point and is parallel tothe Zaxis of the current UCS.

Copy

Creates a copy of the selected objects for rotation.

Reference

Rotates objects from a specified angle to a new, absolute angle.

When you rotate a viewport object, the borders of the viewport remain parallel to theedges of the drawing area.

You can rotate selected objects around a base point to an absolute angle.

UNITSMenu: Format Units

Command entry: units (or 'units for transparent use)

Controls the displayed precision and format for coordinates and angles.

Length

Specifies the current unit of measurement and the precision for the current units.

Type

Sets the current format for units of measure. The values include Architectural,Decimal, Engineering, Fractional, and Scientific. The Engineering andArchitectural formats produce feet-and-inches displays and assume that each

drawing unit represents one inch. The other formats can represent any real-world unit.

Precision

Sets the number of decimal places or fractional size displayed for linearmeasurements.

Angle

Specifies the current angle format and the precision for the current angle display.


30/44

Type

Sets the current angle format.

Precision

Sets the precision for the current angle display.

The following conventions are used for the various angle measures: decimal

degrees appear as decimal numbers, grads appear with a lowercase g suffix,and radians appear with a lowercase rsuffix. The degrees/minutes/secondsformat uses dfor degrees, ' for minutes, and " for seconds; for example:

123d45'56.7"

Surveyor's units show angles as bearings, using N or S for north or south,

degrees/minutes/seconds for how far east or west the angle is from direct northor south, and E or W for east or west; for example:

N 45d0'0" E

The angle is always less than 90 degrees and is displayed in the

degrees/minutes/seconds format. If the angle is precisely north, south, east, orwest, only the single letter representing the compass point is displayed.

Clockwise

Calculates positive angles in the clockwise direction. The default direction forpositive angles is counterclockwise.

When prompted for an angle, you can point in the desired direction or enter an

angle regardless of the setting specified for Clockwise.

Insertion scale

Controls the unit of measurement for blocks and drawings that are inserted into thecurrent drawing. A block or a drawing that is created with units that are different from

the units specified with this option is scaled when inserted. The insertion scale is the ratio

of the units used in the source block or drawing and the units used in the target drawing.Select Unitless to insert the block without scaling it to match the specified units.In the Options dialog box, User Preferences tab, the Source Content Units and TargetDrawing Units settings are used when, either in the source block or the target drawing,Insertion Scale is set to Unitless.

LAYERRibbon: Home tab Layers panel Layer Properties Manager

Menu: Format LayerCommand entry: layer (or 'layer for transparent use)

Displays a list of the layers in the drawing and their properties.

You can add, delete, and rename layers, change their properties, set property overridesfor layout viewports, or add layer descriptions and apply changes in realtime. You do notneed to click Ok or Apply to view property changes. Layer filters control which layers aredisplayed in the list and can also be used to make changes to more than one layer at a

time.

When switching space (model space to layout space or layout to viewport), the Layer

Properties Manager is updated and displays the current state of the layer properties andfilter selection in the current space.

Layer States Manager

Displays the Layer States Manager, in which you can save the current propertysettings for layers in a named layer state and then restore those settings later.


31/44

New Layer

Creates a new layer. The list displays a layer named LAYER1. The name isselected so that you can enter a new layer name immediately. The new layer

inherits the properties of the currently selected layer in the layer list (color, onor off state, and so on).

The new layer is created below the last currently selected layer.

Delete Layer

Deletes selected layers. You can delete only unreferenced layers. Referencedlayers include layers 0 and DEFPOINTS, layers containing objects (includingobjects in block definitions), the current layer, and xref-dependent layers.

Layers in a partially opened drawing are also considered referenced and cannotbe deleted.

Be careful about deleting layers if you are working on a drawing in a sharedproject or one based on a set of layering standards

Name

Displays the name of the layer or filter. Press F2 to enter a new name.

On

Turns the selected layers on and off. When a layer is on, it is visible andavailable for plotting. When a layer is off, it is invisible and not plotted, even ifPlot is on.

Freeze

Freezes the selected layers in all viewports, including the Model tab. You can

freeze layers to speed up ZOOM, PAN, and many other operations; improveobject selection performance; and reduce regeneration time for complex

drawings.

Objects on frozen layers are not displayed, plotted, hidden, rendered, orregenerated.

Freeze the layers you want to be invisible for long periods. If you plan to switch

visibility settings frequently, use the On/Off setting to avoid regenerating thedrawing. You can freeze a layer in all viewports, in the current layout viewport,or in new layout viewports as they are created.

Lock

Locks and unlocks the selected layers. Objects on a locked layer cannot bemodified.

Color

Changes the color associated with the selected layers. Clicking the color namedisplays the Select Color dialog box.

Linetype

Changes the linetype associated with the selected layers. Clicking the linetypename displays the Select Linetype dialog box.

Lineweight

Changes the lineweight associated with the selected layers. Clicking thelineweight name displays the Lineweight dialog box.


32/44


33/44


34/44


35/44


36/44


37/44


38/44


39/44


40/44


41/44


42/44


43/44


44/44

CAD Commands Record

Documents

Transcript of CAD Commands Record