Các Yếu Tố Tác Động Đến Sự Hài Lòng Của Sinh Viên Khi Học Tập, Rèn Luyện...

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TI NGHIN CU Nm 2011

Cc yu t tc ng n s hi lng ca sinh vin khi

hc tp, rn luyn ti trng H Tin Giang

Tc gi: Nguyn Thanh Phong

Cell: 0918 176 546 Email: [email protected]

www.khaitrivn.wordpress.com

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M U

1. L do chn ti

Vit Nam l t nc c hn bn ngn nm lch s, cng vi mt nn gio dc

c hnh thnh lu i, dn tc Vit Nam lun c bn b khp nm chu ngng m

v s hiu hc, cn c thng minh. V th, khng qu kh gii thch ti sao nhng vn

trong gio dc ni chung v gio dc H ni ring lun l ti nng bng li

ko s ch ca bo gii, cc chuyn gia, cc nh lnh o v cc tng lp nhn dn.

Sau ngy gii phng thng nht t nc, trong sut mt thi gio dc c xem

nh mt hot ng s nghip o to con ngi mang tnh bao cp, phi li nhun

nhng qua mt thi gian di sau khi t nc hi nhp vi cc nc trn th gii, thng

qua cc hat ng giao lu vn ha, hp tc pht trin kinh t, c bit l tc ng

ca nn kinh t th trng khin cho tnh cht ca hot ng ny khng cn thun

ty l mt phc li cng m dn thay i tr thnh dch v gio dc, tc mt dch v

m ngi c th hng phi tr ph. n nay, gio dc tr thnh mt loi dch v

hon chnh v khch hng c th b tin ra u t v s dng mt dch v m h cho

l tt nht.

Vic chuyn t hot ng phc li cng, mang tnh bao cp trn gi ca nh

nc sang dch v cng v t, mt th trng gio dc dn dn hnh thnh v pht trin

din ra khp ni, tng mnh v s lng. Cc c s gio dc thi nhau ra i p ng

c nhu cu ca khch hng vi nhiu m hnh o to khc nhau: t chnh quy, ti

chc, chuyn tu, hon chnh n lin thng, o to t xa B n c n h c c p h a

c n h t c h c c , b t u ny sinh cc vn tiu cc nh cht lng o to km,

sinh vin ra trng khng p ng nhu cu ngun nhn lc, s xung cp o c hc

ng, chng trnh v ni dung ging dy nng n, thm ch l lc hu khng ph

hp vi nhu cu thc t ca x hi, cc tiu cc ny khng kh bt gp trn cc mt

bo, trn cc chng trnh thi s cng nh trn cc phng tin thng tin i chng

khc. Vn tiu cc trong gio dc c phn nh dn n s hoang mang i vi

cng chng, c bit l cc ph huynh, cc em hc sinh khi h la chn trng theo hc.

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Nhm gii quyt cc mi lo ngi , B Gio dc v o to th hin n

lc ca mnh trong vic qun l cht lng gio dc thng qua vic a Kim nh cht

lng gio dc vo Lut Gio dc sa i nm 2005. Mc ch ca vic kim nh ny

l gip cho cc nh qun l, cc trng H xem xt ton b hot ng ca nh trng

mt cch c h thng t iu chnh cc hot ng ca nh trng theo mt

chun nht nh; gip cho cc trng H nh hng v xc nh chun cht lng

nht nh v n to ra mt c ch m bo cht lng va linh hot, va cht ch

l t nh gi v nh gi ngoi.

Trong nhng nm gn y, m bo cht lng m hot ng chnh l nh

gi cht lng tr thnh mt phong tro rng khp trn ton th gii, trong c Khu

vc ng Nam ni chung v Vit Nam ni ring. Ty theo tng m hnh gio dc

H m tng nc c th p dng phng thc nh gi v qun l cht lng khc

nhau, tuy nhin c hai cch tip cn nh gi cht lng thng c s dng trn

th gii l nh gi ng nghip v nh gi sn phm. Trong , nh gi ng

nghip ch trng nh gi u vo v qu trnh o to cn nh gi sn phm th

thng qua b ch s thc hin v ch trng vo s hi lng ca cc bn lin quan. B

ch s ny cho php gim st cht lng gio dc H hng nm, khng qu tn nhiu

thi gian v phc tp nh nh gi ng nghip, c th thc hin ng lot trn quy

m c nc. Phng thc nh gi sn phm c s dng rng ri ti Hoa K, cc

nc Bc M v Chu u v cc d liu thu c bng b ch s thc hin s gip

khng nh tnh hp l ca cc chun mc trong b tiu chun kim nh cht lng.

Ring ng Nam , vic thnh lp T chc m bo cht lng mng H

ng Nam (AUN-QA) vo nm 1998 cho thy s n lc trong vic qun l cht

lng ca cc quc gia trong khu vc ny. AUN-QA xy dng nn m hnh cht

lng gio dc H bao gm cc yu t ct li nh s mng mc tiu, ngun lc,

cc hot ng then cht (o to, nghin cu, dch v) v cc thnh qu t c. Cc

yu t ny s trc tip to ra cht lng ca gio dc H.

Tm li, thy c thng tin v s hi lng ca cc bn lin quan chnh l

bng chng v hiu qu ca h thng gio dc, gip h thng kp thi c nhng iu

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chnh hp l ngy cng to ra mc hi lng cao hn ca nhng i tng m n

phc v. ng trn phng din ny, tc gi thc hin ti nghin cu Cc yu

t tc ng n s hi lng ca sinh vin khi hc tp, rn luyn ti trng H

Tin Giang, vi hy vng rng s khm ph ra nhng yu t no m sinh vin khi

hc tp, rn luyn ti trng hi lng v khng hi lng, t khuyn ngh nh

trng s c cc iu chnh kp thi. Vic lm ny ht sc cn thit i vi mt

trng H, c bit l i vi Trng H Tin Giang, mt trng H cp tnh v

cn non tr.

2. Mc ch nghin cu ca ti

- Kho st s hi lng ca sinh vin i vi hot ng o to, rn luyn sinh

vin ti trng H Tin Giang v tm hiu cc yu t tc ng n kt qu ny.

- Kt qu nghin cu nhm phc v cho cng tc i mi v nng cao cht

lng o to, hon thin mi trng hc tp v rn luyn ca sinh vin ti trng

trng H Tin Giang.

3. Phm vi nghin cu

Nghin cu ny tin hnh kho st s hi lng ca sinh vin i vi hot ng

o to, rn luyn sinh vin ti trng H Tin Giang.

4. Cu hi nghin cu v gi thuyt nghin cu

Cu hi nghin cu:

- Cc yu t no tc ng n s hi lng ca sinh vin khi hc tp, rn luyn ti

trng H Tin Giang?

- Sinh vin hi lng v hot ng o to, rn luyn ti trng H Tin Giang

mc no?

- Cc yu t gii tnh, nin kha, bc hc nh hng nh th no n s hi lng

ca sinh vin?

Gi thuyt nghin cu:

- Gi thuyt H01: Gii tnh khng c nh hng n s hi lng ca sinh vin

khi hc tp, rn luyn ti trng H Tin Giang.

- Gi thuyt H02: Khng c s khc nhau gia sinh vin cc nin kha v s

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hi lng khi hc tp, rn luyn ti trng H Tin Giang.

- Gi thuyt H03: Khng c s khc nhau gia sinh vin cc bc hc (H,

cao ng) v s hi lng khi hc tp, rn luyn ti trng H Tin Giang.

- Gi thuyt H04: Chng trnh o to ca nh trng cng tt th mc hi

lng ca sinh vin cng cao.

- Gi thuyt H05: i ng ging vin, phng php ging dy ca nh trng

cng tt th mc hi lng ca sinh vin cng cao.

- Gi thuyt H06: Gio trnh, ti liu hc tp cng tt th mc hi lng ca

sinh vin cng cao.

- Gi thuyt H07: C s vt cht ca nh trng cng tt th mc hi lng ca

sinh vin cng cao.

- Gi thuyt H08: Hot ng qun l v h tr o to ca nh trng cng tt th

mc hi lng ca sinh vin cng cao.

- Gi thuyt H09: Hot ng rn luyn sinh vin ca nh trng cng tt th mc

hi lng ca sinh vin cng cao.

- Gi thuyt H10: Kt qu t c chung v kha hc cng tt th mc hi lng

ca sinh vin cng cao.

5. Khch th v i tng nghin cu:

- Khch th nghin cu: s hi lng ca sinh vin khi hc tp, rn luyn ti trng

H Tin Giang.

- i tng nghin cu: cc yu t tc ng n s hi lng ca sinh vin trng

H Tin Giang.

6. Phng php tip cn nghin cu

6.1 Dng thit k nghin cu:

Nghin cu ny c thit k ch yu theo dng nghin cu nh lng thng

qua bng hi thu thp thng tin c kt hp vi nghin cu nh tnh thng qua

bui tho lun nhm vi mt s bn sinh vin v nhng k vng ca sinh vin khi hc

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tp, rn luyn ti trng cng nh cc kin ngh ca sinh vin nhm nng cao cht

lng hot ng o to, rn luyn ca nh trng.

6.2 Cng c thu thp d liu, cc bin s v cc t liu:

- Cng c thu thp d liu: bng hi kt hp vi tho lun nhm.

- Cc bin s:

+ Bin c lp: chng trnh o to; i ng ging vin, phng php ging

dy; gio trnh, ti liu hc tp; c s vt cht; hot ng qun l v h tr o to; hot

ng rn luyn sinh vin v kt qu t c chung v kha hc.

+ Bin ph thuc: s hi lng ca sinh vin.

+ Bin kim sot: gii tnh, nin kha, bc hc

7. Quy trnh chn mu nghin cu

Chn mu kho st bng bng hi:

Mu c chn theo phng php ngu nhin, ri u t sinh vin nm th 3 n

sinh vin nm th 4 i vi bc H ( H kha 08, 09) v sinh vin h cao ng nm cui

(cao ng kha 09) tt c cc khoa.

S lng mu c ly tng ng vi t l s lng sinh vin gia cc khoa v

tng s mu c ly l 500.

Chn mu tho lun nhm:

Tham gia bui tho lun gm 30 sinh vin c mi, cc sinh vin ny c s

khc nhau v gii tnh, nin kha, h o to (H, cao ng) v c kt qu hc tp khc

nhau.

8. B cc

Ngoi phn m u, kt lun, ti liu tham kho v ph lc ti nghin cu bao

gm 03 Chng. C th:

Chng 1. C s l lun

Chng 2. Tng quan nghin cu

Chng 3. M hnh v kt qu nghin cu

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Chng 1. C S L LUN

1.1. Quan nim v cht lng dch v

M v nhiu nc phng Ty t lu chp nhn coi gio dc nh mt dch

v v i hc l mt hnh thc u t cho vic kim sng trong tng lai nhng Vit

Nam th khi nim Th trng gio dc th cn qu mi m v xa l. Trc khi Vit

Nam gia nhp T chc Thng mi Th gii (WTO), cch nhn chung ca phn

ng nhng ngi hot ng trong ngnh gio dc u coi gio dc l mt phc li x

hi hot ng theo nguyn tc phi thng mi. Th nhng, theo Ph Th tng Phm

Gia Khim, trong qu trnh m phn gia nhp WTO, Vit Nam theo ui lp

trng tch cc, ch ng v cam kt thc hin Hip nh chung v thng mi dch

v (GATS) i vi tt c 12 ngnh dch v, trong c gio dc. iu ny cng c

ngha l sau khi gia nhp WTO, chng ta phi c mt cch nhn khc, l gio dc

l mt dch v trong hot ng thng mi v thng mi dch v gio dc cn

c t do ha. Trn thc t, khi a ra bn cho dch v a phng, mc cam kt ca

Vit Nam v dch v gio dc l kh su v rng i vi gio dc H, theo , ta m

ca hu ht cc lnh vc gio dc v khoa hc t nhin v k thut, qun l doanh

nghip, kinh t, k ton, lut quc t v ngn ng.

Hin nay, gio dc H Vit Nam khng cn thun ty l mt li ch cng. N

va l mt li ch cng va l mt dch v cng. Trn thc t, ti mt s trng

ngoi cng lp v mt s c s gio dc nc ngoi ti Vit Nam, li nhun thu c

rt ln, thm ch c ngi nh gi l siu li nhun. nhng ni ny, gio dc H

l mt hng ha v mt th trng gio dc s khai, t pht hnh thnh.

Theo nhng quan im trn th Gio dc c xem nh mt dch v vi mt

cht lng nht nh nhng cht lng dch v l g, o lng cht lng dch v nh

th no li l cc vn ln v cho n ngy nay, cha c cu tr li y v c qu

nhiu cch tip cn khc nhau.

Mt s nc phng Ty c quan im cho rng Cht lng mt trng H

ph thuc vo cht lng hay s lng u vo ca trng . Trong khi mt quan

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im khc cho rng u ra ca gio dc H c tm quan trng hn nhiu so vi

u vo ca qu trnh o to u ra y chnh l sn phm ca gio dc H

c th hin bng mc hon thnh cng vic ca sinh vin tt nghip hay kh nng

cung cp cc hot ng o to ca trng . Cn quan im Gi tr gia tng th cho

rng gi tr u ra tr i gi tr u vo chnh l cht lng gio dc H.

S kh khn, phc tp ny dn xut t cc c trng khc bit sau y ca

dch v so vi sn phm hu hnh (Ghobadian, Speller & Jones, 1993; Groth& Dye,

1994; Zeithaml et al., 1990, dn theo Thongsamak, 2001):

1. V hnh. Sn phm ca dch v l s thc thi. Khch hng khng th thy,

nm, s, ngitrc khi mua.

2. Khng ng nht. Gn nh khng th cung ng dch v hon ton ging

nhau.

3. Khng th chia tch. Qu trnh cung ng dch v cng l tiu th dch v, do

vy, khng th du c cc sai li ca dch v.

4. D hng. Dch v khng th tn kho. Khng th kim tra cht lng trc

khi cung ng. Ngi cung cp ch cn cch lm ng t u v lm ng mi lc.

5. Khng th hon tr. Nu khch hng khng hi lng, h c th c hon

tin nhng khng th hon dch v.

6. Nhu cu bt nh. bt nh nhu cu dch v cao hn sn phm hu hnh

nhiu.

7. Quan h qua con ngi. Vai tr con ngi trong dch v rt cao v thng

c khch hng thm nh khi nh gi dch v.

8. Tnh c nhn. Khch hng nh gi dch v da vo cm nhn c nhn ca

mnh rt nhiu.

9. Tm l. Cht lng dch v c nh gi theo trng thi tm l ca khch

hng.

Parasuraman et al (1985:1988, dn theo Nguyn nhTh et al, 2003) c xem

l nhng ngi u tin nghin cu cht lng dch v mt cch c th v chi tit trong

lnh vc tip th vi vic a ra m hnh 5 khong cch trong cht lng dch v.

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Hnh 1.1: M hnh cht lng dch v

Parasuraman et al (1985, dn theo Nguyn nh Th et al, 2003)

Khong cch [1] l sai bit gia k vng ca khch hng v cm nhn ca nh

cung cp dch v v k vng . S din dch k vng ca khch hng khi khng hiu

thu o cc c trng cht lng dch v, c trng khch hng to ra sai bit ny.

Khong cch [2] c to ra khi nh cung cp gp cc kh khn, tr ngi

khch quan ln ch quan khi chuyn cc k vng c cm nhn sang cc tiu ch cht

lng c th v chuyn giao chng ng nh k vng. Cc tiu ch ny tr thnh cc

thng tin tip th n khch hng.

Khong cch [3] hnh thnh khi nhn vin chuyn giao dch v cho khch hng

khng ng cc tiu ch a nh. Vai tr nhn vin giao dch trc tip rt quan trng

trong to ra cht lng dch v.

Khong cch [4] l sai bit gia dch v chuyn giao v thng tin m khch

hng nhn c. Thng tin ny c th lm tng k vng nhng c th lm gim cht

lng dch v cm nhn khi khch hng khng nhn ng nhng g a cam kt.

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Khong cch [5] hnh thnh t s khc bit gia cht lng cm nhn v cht

lng k vng khi khch hng tiu th dch v. Parasuraman et al. (1985) (dn theo

Nguyn nh Th et al, 2003) cho rng cht lng dch v chnh l khong cch th

nm. Khong cch ny li ph thuc vo 4 khong cch trc.

1.2 S hi lng ca khch hng v cc m hnh o lng s hi lng ca

khch hng

1.2.1 nh ngha s hi lng ca khch hng

S hi lng khch hng l tm trng/ cm gic ca khch hng v mt cng ty

khi s mong i ca h c tha mn hay c p ng vt mc trong sut vng i

ca sn phm hay dch v. Khch hng t c s tha mn s c c lng trung

thnh v tip tc mua sn phm ca cng ty.

L thuyt thng dng xem xt s hi lng ca khch hng l l thuyt K

vng Xc nhn. L thuyt c pht trin bi Oliver (1980) v c dng

nghin cu s hi lng ca khch hng i vi cht lng ca cc dch v hay sn

phm ca mt c quan. L thuyt bao gm hai qu trnh nh c tc ng c lp n

s hi lng ca khch hng: k vng v dch v trc khi mua v cm nhn v dch v

sau khi tri nghim.

Theo l thuyt ny c th hiu s hi lng ca khch hng l qu trnh nh

sau:

(1) Trc ht, khch hng hnh thnh trong suy ngh ca mnh nhng k vng

v nhng yu t cu thnh nn cht lng dch v m nh cung cp c th mang li

cho h trc khi cc khch hng quyt nh mua.

(2) Sau , vic mua dch v v s dng dch v ng gp vo nim tin

khch hng v hiu nng thc s ca dch v m h ang s dng.

(3) S tha mn ca khch hng chnh l kt qu ca s so snh hiu qu

m dch v ny mang li gia nhng g m h k vng trc khi mua dch v v nhng

g m h nhn c sau khi s dng n v s c ba trng hp k vng ca

khch hng l:

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(a) c xc nhn nu hiu qu ca dch v hon ton trng vi k vng

ca khch hng;

(b) S tht vng nu hiu qu dch v khng ph hp vi k vng/mong i

ca khch hng;

(c) S hi lng nu nh nhng g h cm nhn v tri nghim sau khi s

dng dch v vt qu nhng g m h mong i v k vng trc khi mua dch v.

1.2.2 Cc m hnh o lng s hi lng ca khch hng

Ch s hi lng ca khch hng (Customer Satisfaction Index CSI) c ng

dng nhm o lng s hi lng ca khch hng i vi cc ngnh, cc doanh

nghip nhiu quc gia pht trin trn th gii. Vic tha mn khch hng tr thnh

mt ti sn quan trng i vi cc doanh nghip v t chc trong n lc nng cao

cht lng dch v, gi vng s trung thnh, nng cao nng lc cnh tranh ca

doanh nghip. Nm 1989, ch s (barometer) o mc hi lng u tin c

ra i ti Thy in (Swedish Customer Satisfaction Barometer - SCSB) nhm thit

lp ch s hi lng ca khch hng i vi vic mua v tiu dng sn phm - dch v

ni a. Trong nhng nm sau , ch s ny c pht trin v ng dng rng ri ti

cc nc pht trin nh M - ACSI, Na Uy NCSI, an Mch - DCSI v cc quc gia

EU ECSI (1998).

Ch s ny c th thc hin trn phng din quc gia (cc doanh nghip, cc

ngnh s tha mn nh th no i vi khch hng ca h) hoc gc ni b ngnh

(so snh s tha mn ca cc doanh nghip trong phm vi mt ngnh) v so snh gia

cc thi im khc nhau ( nhn thy s thay i). T , cc doanh nghip c th bit

c v th, s nh gi ca khch hng i vi doanh nghip hoch nh cc mc

tiu v chin lc kinh doanh.

Ch s hi hi lng ca khch hng bao gm cc nhn t (bin), mi nhn t

c cu thnh t nhiu yu t c th (indicators, items) c trng ca sn phm

hoc dch v. S hi lng khch hng (customer satisfaction) c nh ngha nh l

mt s nh gi ton din v s s dng mt dch v hoc hot ng sau bn ca doanh

nghip v y chnh l im ct li ca m hnh CSI. Xung quanh bin s ny l h

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thng cc mi quan h nhn qu (cause and effect) xut pht t nhng bin s khi

to nh s mong i (expectations) ca khch hng, hnh nh (image) doanh nghip v

sn phm, cht lng cm nhn (perceived quality) v gi tr cm nhn (perceived

quality) v sn phm hoc dch v km theo n cc bin s kt qu ca s hi lng

nh s trung thnh (customer loyalty) hay s than phin ca khch hng (customer

complaints).

1.2.2.1 . M hnh ch s hi lng ca M

Trong m hnh ch s hi lng ca M (ACSI), gi tr cm nhn chu tc ng

bi cht lng cm nhn v s mong i ca khch hng. Khi , s mong i ca

khch hng c tc ng trc tip n cht lng cm nhn. Trn thc t, khi mong i

cng cao, c th tiu chun v cht lng cm nhn ca khch hng i vi sn phm

cng cao hoc ngc li. Do vy, yu cu v cht lng sn phm v dch v cung cp

cho khch hng cn phi m bo v c tha mn trn c s s hi lng ca h. S

hi lng ca khch hng c to thnh trn c s cht lng cm nhn, s mong i

v gi tr cm nhn, nu cht lng v gi tr cm nhn cao hn s mong i s to

nn lng trung thnh i vi khch hng, trng hp ngc li, y l s phn nn hay

s than phin v sn phm m h tiu dng sau:

Hnh 1.2: M hnh ch s hi lng khch hng ca M

(American Customer Satisfaction Index ACSI)

Gi tr cm

nhn

(Perceived

value)

S hi lng

ca khch

hng (SI)

S than phin

(Complaint) S mong i

(Expectations)

Cht lng cm nhn

(Perceived quality)

S trung thnh

(Loyalty)

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Gi tr cm

nhn

(Perceived

value)

S hi lng

ca khch

hng (SI)

Cht lng cm nhn v

sn phm

(Perceved quality-Prod)

dch v

(Perceved qualityServ)

S trung thnh

(Loyalty)

Hnh nh (Image)

S mong i

(Expectations)

1.2.2.2 . M hnh ch s hi lng ca Chu u

M hnh ch s hi lng chu u (ECSI) c mt s khc bit nht nh. So vi

ACSI, hnh nh ca sn phm, thng hiu c tc ng trc tip n s mong i ca

khch hng. Khi , s hi lng ca khch hng l s tc ng tng ha ca 4 nhn t

hnh nh, gi tr cm nhn, cht lng cm nhn v c sn phm hu hnh v v hnh.

Thng thng, ch s ACSI thng p dng cho lnh vc cng cn ch s ECSI thng

ng dng o lng cc sn phm, cc ngnh nh sau:

Hnh 1.3: M hnh ch s hi lng khch hng cc quc gia EU

(European Customer Satisfaction Index ECSI)

R rng, im mnh ca cch tip cn ny l n lm dch chuyn ngay tc

khc kinh nghim tiu dng, to iu kin cho vic nghin cu mi quan h nhn qu

i gia cc yu t cu thnh s hi lng v s trung thnh ca khch hng. Do vy,

mc tiu u tin ca vic tip cn theo cu trc CSI l vic gii thch s trung thnh

ca khch hng i vi mt sn phm ni ring hay mt doanh nghip, mt quc gia

ni chung thng qua ch s hi lng khch hng khi chu s tc ng trc tip hoc

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gin tip bi hnh nh, s mong i, cht lng cm nhn (v sn phm hoc dch v)

v gi tr cm nhn i vi sn phm v dch v .

1.2.2.3 . M hnh cht lng dch v SERVQUAL

Da vo m hnh cht lng dch v Parasuraman et al. (1985) (dn theo

Nguyn n h Th et al, 2003) Parasuraman v cc cng s gii thiu thang o

SERVQUAL gm 10 thnh phn: (1) Phng tin hu hnh; (2) Tin cy; (3) p

ng; (4) Nng lc phc v; (5) Tip cn; (6) n cn; (7) Thng tin; (8) Tn nhim; (9)

An ton; (10) Thu hiu. Thang o ny bao qut hu ht mi kha cnh ca dch v, tuy

nhin thang o cho thy c s phc tp trong o lng, khng t gi tr phn bit

trong mt s trng hp. Do , cc nh nghin cu ny a ra thang o SERVQUAL

gm 5 thnh phn vi 20 bin quan st, c th cc thnh phn nh sau:

1. Phng tin hu hnh (Tangibles): s th hin bn ngoi ca c s vt cht,

thit b, nhn vin v vt liu, cng c thng tin.

2. Tin cy (Reliability): kh nng thc hin dch v ph hp v chnh xc vi

nhng g a cam kt, ha hn.

3. p ng (Responsiveness): mc mong mun v sn sng phc v khch

hng mt cch kp thi.

4. Nng lc phc v (Assurance): kin thc, chuyn mn v phong cch lch

lm ca nhn vin phc v; kh nng lm cho khch hng tin tng.

5. Cm thng (Empathy): th hin s n cn, quan tm n tng c nhn khch

hng.

Trn thc t, o lng SERVQUAL gm ba phn on. Hai phn on u,

mi phn on l 22 bin quan st o lng cht lng dch v m khch hng k

vng v thc t cm nhn c. Cc bin dng thang Likert 7 im. Sai bit (cm

nhn tr k vng) ca nh gi biu th cht lng dch v. M hnh o lng ny

c gi l phi khng nh (disconfirmation model). Phn on th 3 yu cu khch

hng nh gi mc quan trng ca 5 thnh phn.

Sau nhiu nghin cu kim nh cng nh ng dng, SERVQUAL c tha

nhn nh mt thang o c gi tr l thuyt cng nh thc tin. Tuy vy, vn cn

-15-

nhiu tranh lun, ph phn, t vn v thang o ny, nht l v tnh tng qut v hiu

lc o lng cht lng. Mt iu na c th thy l th tc o lng

SERVQUAL kh di dng. Do vy, a xut hin mt bin th ca SERVQUAL l

SERVPERF.

Thang o ny c Cronin & Taylor (1992, dn theo Thongsamak, 2001) gii

thiu, xc nh cht lng dch v bng cch ch o lng cht lng dch v cm

nhn (thay v o c cht lng cm nhn ln k vng nh SERVQUAL). Hai ng cho

rng cht lng dch v c phn nh tt nht bi cht lng cm nhn m khng

cn c cht lng k vng. cng nh nh gi trng s ca 5 thnh phn.

Lu rng do c xut x t thang o SERVQUAL, cc thnh phn v bin

quan st ca thang o SERVPERF ny gi nh SERVQUAL. M hnh o lng ny

c gi l m hnh cm nhn (perception model).

C hai m hnh phi khng nh v m hnh cm nhn u c nhng nghin cu

tip sau s dng. iu ng ni l kt qu ca cc nghin cu trn cho thy kh c

th kt lun m hnh no l khng ng n hoc thm ch ng n hn.

1.3. M hnh nghin cu ca ti

Thng qua cc phn tch tin hnh, tc gi xin a ra m hnh l thuyt ca

ti nh sau:

-16-

Hnh 1.4: M hnh l thuyt ca ti

1.4. Tm tt chng

Chng 1 trnh by tm tt cc l thuyt lin quan n s hi lng ca khch

hng lin quan n dch v m h th hng v xy dng c m hnh l thuyt biu

din s tc ng ca cc nhm yu t i vi s hi lng ca sinh vin. Cc gi thuyt

t ra rng, cm nhn v yu t cng tt th mc hi lng ca sinh vin cng cao.

S HI LNG CA

SINH VIN

i ng ging vin, phng php ging dy

Gio trnh, ti liu hc tp

Kt qu t c chung v kha hc

Hot ng rn luyn sinh vin

Hot ng qun l v

h tr o to

C s vt cht

Chng trnh o to

-17-

Chng 2. TNG QUAN NGHIN CU

2.1. Gii thiu tng quan cc nghin cu

i vi mt trng th o to l hot ng ct li nht. M ra cc ngnh o

to l iu u tin m mt trng phi thc hin di s t vn ca Hi ng khoa hc

v o to tip theo l:

- T chc xy dng chng trnh o to cho cc ngnh o to ca trng trn

c s chng trnh khung ca B Gio dc v o to;

- T chc cc chng trnh bi dng, nng cao trnh khoa hc - cng ngh,

chuyn mn nghip v v cc chng trnh nng cao kin thc khc cho cc i

tng c nhu cu hc tp;

- T chc nh k cp nht, iu chnh chng trnh o to theo hng a dng

ho, chun ho, hin i ho, to iu kin nhanh chng tip cn ni dung v cng ngh

o to ca cc H tin tin trn th gii, p ng nhu cu ca ngi hc

- T chc bin son gio trnh, ti liu tham kho, ti liu ging dy, xy dng

h thng gio trnh, ti liu, trang thit b dy - hc p ng yu cu i mi ton din

v ni dung, phng php dy - hc, pht huy tnh tch cc, ch ng, nng lc t hc,

t nghin cu ca ngi hc.

Hng nm trng xy dng k hoch tuyn sinh cho cc ngnh o to, t

chc o to, kim tra thi v nh gi kt qu hc tp theo cc hnh thc khc nhau nh

trc nghim, t lun, vn p, tiu lun Cui cng l trng c nhim v cp vn

bng, chng ch cho nhng ngi c trng o to, khi c cc iu kin theo

quy nh ca B gio dc v o to. Vi quan im xem gio dc nh l mt dch v

v sinh vin l mt khch hng, mt ngi cng s th vai tr ca sinh vin ngy cng

quan trng hn trong cng cuc nng cao cht lng gio dc H.

2.1.1. Cc nghin cu ngoi nc

Nm 2004, Ali Kara, H York Campus bang Pennsylvania v Oscar W.

DeShields, Jr., H Northridge, bang California, c bi nghin cu Business Student

Satisfaction, Intentions and Retention in Higher Education: An Empirical

-18-

Investigation. Nghin cu ny tp trung vo mi quan h gia s hi lng ca sinh vin

kinh doanh v mc ch ca sinh vin khi hc ti mt trng H hay cao ng. Tc

gi cho rng vic gim s lng ca kha hc hay sinh vin b hc gia chng c lin

quan n s hi lng ca sinh vin. Nghin cu ny cung cp mt con s rt ng

quan tm l hn 40% s sinh vin hc H nhng khng h ly c bng cp, trong

s sinh vin ny c 75% b hc trong 2 nm u H. Bng mt nghin cu thc

nghim trn 160 sinh vin ngnh kinh doanh ti mt trng H pha nam trung tm

bang Pennsylvania, tc gi ch ra rng qu trnh hc H ca sinh vin lin quan n

s hi lng ca v nh tip tc theo hc ti trng H . Tc gi cng a ra li

ngh i vi Ban gim hiu cc c s gio dc nn p dng cc nguyn tc nh

hng sinh vin nh mt khch hng lm tng li nhun cng nh tng cht lng

o to ca nh trng.

Mt nghin cu khc v s hi lng ca sinh vin l Measuring student

satisfaction with their studies in an International and European Studies Departerment -

nh gi s hi lng ca sinh vin ti Khoa Quc t v Chu u hc c 2 tc gi

G.V. Diamantis v V.K. Benos, trng H Piraeus, Hy Lp thc hin nm 2007. Tc

gi cho rng s hi lng ca sinh vin v kha hc l rt quan trng v s hi lng ny

ph thuc vo nhiu yu t nh chng trnh o to, cc mn hc c ging dy, i

ng ging vin, gio trnh, kinh nghim x hi v kinh nghim tr tu m c s gio dc

cung cp cho sinh vin. nh gi s hi lng ca sinh vin tc gi s dng phng

php nh gi s hi lng khch hng MUSA (Multicriteria Satisfaction Analysis

phn tch s hi lng nhiu tiu ch) bao gm 4 tiu ch: Gio dc, H tr hnh chnh,

Hu hnh, Hnh nh v danh ting ca khoa. Kt qu cho thy s hi lng ca sinh vin

khoa Quc t v Chu u hc l 89.3%, cao hn hn so vi 8 khoa khc trong trng

H Piraeus. Cc tiu ch s dng nh gi c s hi lng rt cao tuy nhin tm quan

trng ca cc tiu ch ny th khng ging nhau i vi sinh vin: cao nht l gio dc

(41.1%), hnh nh v danh ting ca khoa (25%), trong khi tiu ch hu hnh v h

tr hnh chnh l t hn ng k.

-19-

2.1.2. Cc nghin cu trong nc

Vit Nam trong nhng nm gn y hot ng ly kin sinh vin ngy

cng c xem trng hn vi hng lot cc nghin cu kho st v vic s dng cc m

hnh cht lng dch v nh gi s hi lng ca sinh vin i vi cht lng o to:

Thng 12/2005, tc gi Nguyn Thy Qunh Loan v Nguyn Th Thanh

Thon c ti nghin cu v nh gi cht lng o to t gc cu sinh

vin ca trng i Bch Khoa TPHCM. Bi vit ny trnh by kt qu nh gi cht

lng o to t gc cu sinh vin ca trng H Bch khoa Tp.HCM cc

kha cnh: chng trnh o to, i ng ging vin, c s vt cht, v kt qu o to.

479 phn hi ca cu sinh vin qua bng hi thuc 6 khoa ca trng (in in t,

K thut xy dng, Cng ngh Ha hc, C kh, Cng ngh Thng tin v Qun l

Cng nghip) c x l v phn tch trong nghin cu ny. Kt qu cho thy cu

sinh vin kh s hi lng v chng trnh o to (Trung bnh = 3.28), kh hi lng

v i ng ging vin (Trung bnh = 3.28), hi lng mc trung bnh i vi c s

vt cht (Trung bnh = 3.12) v kh hi lng i vi kt qu o to ca nh trng

(Trung bnh = 3.49). Trong , yu t c cu sinh vin nh gi cao l tnh lin thng

ca chng trnh, ging vin vng kin thc chuyn mn. Bn cnh vn cn mt s

yu t b nh gi thp l chng trnh o to cha c s phn b hp l gia l

thuyt v thc hnh, cha c cp nht, i mi thng xuyn, cha c thit k

st vi yu cu thc t; phng php ging dy cha sinh ng v ging vin cha

kho st ly kin ngi hc; phng th nghim, thc hnh cha thc s phc v tt

cho cng tc dy hc v nghin cu khoa hc. Kt qu o to c nh gi cao

vic c li th cnh tranh trong cng vic v nng cao kh nng t hc, nhng b

nh gi thp kh nng s dng ngoi ng v k nng giao tip. Qua cc kt qu ny

tc gi cng nu ra mt s xut nhm ci tin cht lng o to ca trng.

Thng 4/2006, tc gi Nguyn Thnh Long, trng H An Giang c bi

nghin cu S dng thang o SERVPERF nh gi cht lng o to H ti

trng H An Giang. M hnh nghin cu ban u bao gm 5 yu t tc ng n

s hi lng: Phng tin hu hnh (Tangibles), Tin cy (Reliability), p ng

-20-

(Responsiveness), Nng lc phc v (Assurance), Cm thng (Empathy) v m hnh

sau khi hiu chnh l cc yu t: Ging vin, Nhn vin, C s vt cht, Tin cy v

Cm thng s nh hng n s hi lng ca sinh vin. Nghin cu c thc hin

qua 2 bc nghin cu th v chnh thc trn 635 sinh vin ca 4 khoa S phm,

Nng nghip - Ti nguyn thin nhin, K thut - Cng ngh mi trng v Kinh t -

Qun tr Kinh doanh ca trng H An Giang. Kt qu phn tch hi quy a bin cho

thy s hi lng ca sinh vin ph thuc vo yu t Ging vin, C s vt cht, Tin cy

v cm thng. Nhn chung, cht lng dch v o to c nh gi khng cao.

Trong 5 thnh phn ch c 2 thnh phn trn trung bnh l Ging vin (3.45) v s

tin cy vo nh trng (3.27); ba thnh phn cn li l Nhn vin, c s vt cht v

cm thng ca nh trng thp hn trung bnh v xp x nhau (2.78). Kt qu phn tch

cng cho thy c s nh gi khc nhau theo khoa i vi cc thnh phn trn (tr c

s vt cht) v c s nh gi khc nhau theo nm hc, c th l sinh vin hc cng

nhiu nm cng nh gi thp cht lng dch v ca nh trng. Tng t nh cht

lng dch v o to, mc hi lng ca sinh vin i vi H An Giang cn cha

cao. S hi lng ca sinh vin tp trung vo thnh phn Ging vin v C s vt cht,

cc thnh phn khc (Tin cy, nhn vin, cm thng) c tc ng khng ln n s hi

lng. Nghin cu ny cng trnh by mt s hn ch nh sau: vic ly mu ngu nhin

theo n v lp cc Khoa c th lm cho tnh i din ca kt qu khng cao, cha

c s phn bit v ging vin c hu v ging vin thnh ging trong nh gi ca

sinh vin do khng xc nh c nhn nh ca sinh vin i vi ging vin ca

nh trng v nghin cu ch dng li vic o lng, tm hiu cc mi quan h v a

ra mt s gi l gii m cha c s phn tch su.

Ti khoa Kinh t v Qun l, trng H Bch Khoa H Ni tc gi V Tr

Ton vi s hng dn ca ThS inh Tin Dng trnh by ti nghin cu khoa

hc Nghin cu v cht lng o to ca khoa Kinh t v Qun l theo m hnh

cht lng dch v SERVQUAL. Tc gi da vo m hnh SERVQUAL

ca Gronroos a ra m hnh cht lng dch v o to bao gm 5 yu t theo hnh

2.1:

-21-

Hnh 2.1: M hnh cht lng dch v o to

M hnh ny c tc gi th nghim trn ton b sinh vin hai kha 47 v 48

(299 sinh vin) ang theo hc ti khoa Kinh t v Qun l. Nghin cu ny s dng

thang o Likert gm 7 mc : 1 l hon ton phn i v 7 l hon ton ng . Kt

qu nghin cu ca ti ny cho thy sinh vin t ra kh hi lng vi chng

trnh o to ti khoa Kinh t. Sinh vin hi lng mc kh cao vi trnh

chuyn mn v trnh s phm ca ging vin trong Khoa. Nghin cu ny cn

khng nh m hnh SERVQUAL ca Gronroos rt hu ch trong vic nh gi cht

lng dch v o to. Tt c cc mi lin h trong m hnh u c ngha trong kt

qu nghin cu. Mc d chng trnh o to ca Khoa c cc sinh vin nh gi

kh cao, tuy nhin vn cn mt s hn ch cn khc phc v tc gi cng a ra

mt s khuyn ngh nhm nng cao cht lng o to ca khoa ny.

Nm 2008, vi s hng dn ca BS CKII ThS Nguyn Vn t v BS CKII

ThS Nguyn Vn Ngt, tc gi Nguyn Ngc Tho, Khoa Qun tr Bnh vin c

ti nghin cu v S hi lng v cht lng o to ca sinh vin khoa Qun tr Bnh

vin (QTBV), trng H Hng Vng nhm gp phn nng cao cht lng o to

v phc v ca khoa QTBV. Nghin cu c thc hin i vi 121 sinh vin khoa

-22-

Qun tr Bnh vin ca trng H Hng Vng, phng php thu thp d liu c

thc hin thng qua bng hi v phng vn sinh vin. Kt qu cho thy sinh vin c

81,8% sinh vin hi lng v cht lng o to v phc v ca khoa QTBV tuy nhin

vn cn mt s tiu ch m sinh vin c s hi lng thp (di 50%) l: dng c th

nghim, bi gi xe v mc hc ph ca nh trng. T tc gi cng a ra mt s

ngh nhm khc phc nhng hn ch nng cao s hi lng ca sinh vin i vi

cht lng ca Khoa QTBV ni ring v ca trng H Hng Vng ni chung.

Nm 2008, tc gi Trn Th T Anh trnh by lun vn Thc s Qun l Gio

dc ti: Nghin cu nh gi cht lng ging dy H ti Hc vin Bo ch v

Tuyn truyn. ti c thc hin di s hng dn ca TS Phm Xun Thanh,

Cc Kho th v Kim nh CLGD, B GD-T. Nghin cu ny tp trung lm r khi

nim cht lng hot ng ging c chp nhn nh th no ti Hc vin Bo ch v

Tuyn truyn sau ra nhng tiu ch, phng php tip cn v cng c nh gi

o lng cht lng hot ng ging dy ti Hc vin. i vi nh gi cht lng

ging dy mn hc, nghin cu a ra 5 tiu ch nh gi l: Mc tiu mn hc,

Phng php ging dy, Ni dung mn hc, Ti liu hc tp v Hot ng kim tra,

nh gi. Sau khi a ra cc tiu ch v cc ch s, tc gi thit lp nn bng hi

ng gi cht lng ging dy mn hc gm 10 cu hi theo thang o Likert 5 mc

v tin hnh ly kin c 1764 sinh vin t 27 lp thuc 15 khoa ca hc vin

nh gi cht lng ging dy 46 mn hc. Kt qu cho thy cht lng ging dy cc

mn hc ti hc vin l khng ng u. Khong cch cht lng gia nhng mn

ging dy tt nht v km nht tng i xa. Ngoi ra, kt qu phn tch cn cho

thy s khc nhau v mc hi lng ca sinh vin vi cht lng ging dy mn

hc gia cc khoa. Bn cnh nghin cu cng a ra 5 tiu ch nh gi cht

lng ging dy kha hc bao gm: Ni dung chng trnh o to, Cu trc chng

trnh o to, Trang thit b dy hc, Hot ng ging dy v nh gi chung ton

kha hc. Bng hi dng nh gi kha hc c thit k theo thang o Likert 1 4

(khng ng , ng mt phn, ng v c bn, hon ton ng ) v 1 3 mc

(qu nhiu, va, qu t) v tin hnh kho st i vi 142 cn b ging dy v qun l.

-23-

Kt qu thng k cho thy hu ht ging vin v cn b qun l u ng v c bn

hoc hon ton ng vi cc nhn nh a ra trong bng hi (58%). iu c

ngha l ging vin v cn b qun l nh gi cht lng chng trnh ca hc vin l

chp nhn c. T cc kt qu phn tch tc gi a ra mt s gii php nhm

nng cao cht lng ging dy ti hc vin cho tng i tng nh: Nh trng,

Ging vin v sinh vin.

Cng trong nm 2008, tc gi V Th Qunh Nga trnh by lun vn Thc s

Mt s yu t nh hng n vic nh gi ca sinh vin i vi hot ng ging

dy. Nghin cu ny c thc hin di s hng dn ca PGS. TS Nguyn Qu

Thanh vi mc ch nghin cu s tc ng ca c im nhn khu hc v c im

x hi, mc sng ca sinh vin n vic nh gi ca h v hot ng ging dy ca

ging vin t hiu r hn nhng i hi ca sinh vin; gip cc ging vin,

cc trng H tm ra nhng phng php qun l, i mi ni dung v phng php

ging dy ph hp vi mi i tng sinh vin. Nghin cu ny c kho st trn 2

nhm sinh vin l sinh vin nm th nht v sinh vin nm th 4 ca cc khi, ngnh:

Khi ngh thut (ngnh Kin trc); Khi Ti chnh k ton (ngnh Ti chnh k ton);

Khi x hi nhn vn (ngnh Du lch) v khi k thut (ngnh Cng ngh thng tin)

vi hot ng ging dy nh:

- Tc ng c im dn s hc nh: Gii tnh, tui, vng min (nng

thn/thnh th), ngh nghip cha m, trnh hc vn ca cha m nh hng nh th

no n vic sinh vin nh gi hot ng ging dy ca ging vin.

- Tc ng c im kinh t x hi ca sinh vin nh: Ngnh hc, nm sinh vin

ang hc, s s lp hc, kt qu im trung bnh chung, mc tham gia trn

lp ca sinh vin, chi tiu hng thng ca sinh vin nh hng nh th no n

vic sinh vin nh gi hot ng ging dy ca ging vin.

Kt qu ca nghin cu cho thy nh gi hot ng ging dy ca ging vin

qua sinh vin cn ch n c im ca sinh vin nh yu t gii, con th my

trong gia nh, ngh nghip ca b, ngnh hc, nm hc, s s lp hc, im trung bnh

chung v mc tham gia trn lp.

-24-

Mt nghin cu khc v cc yu t tc ng n s hi lng l nghin cu ca

tc gi Trn Xun Kin vi ti nh gi s hi lng ca sinh vin v cht lng o

to ti trng H Kinh t v Qun tr Kinh doanh i hc Thi Nguyn. Nghin

cu ny kho st trn 260 sinh vin thuc nm 2, 3,4 ca trng (183 n, 77 nam) v

da vo thang o SERVQUAL bao gm 5 thnh phn (C s vt cht, S nhit tnh

ca Cn b v Ging vin, i ng ging vin , Kh nng thc hin cam kt v S

quan tm ca nh trng ti sinh vin) xc nh s hi lng ca sinh vin. Sau khi

phn tch Cronbach Alpha, phn tch nhn t EFA v phn tch hi quy cho thy s hi

lng ca sinh vin ph thuc vo 5 thnh phn trn vi s ph hp gia m hnh v d

liu l 87.1%. Ngoi ra, tc gi cn kim nh mt s gi thuyt cho thy mc hi

lng ca sinh vin ti trng khng khc nhau theo nm hc, khoa v hc lc nhng

khc nhau theo gii tnh. Kt qu ny c s khc bit i vi nghin cu ca tc gi

Nguyn Thnh Long ti trng H An Giang (c s khc bit v mc hi lng theo

Khoa, theo nm hc nhng khng c s khc bit v mc hi lng theo hc lc v

gii tnh)

Tng t vi ti nghin cu khoa hc ca tc gi V Tr Ton, tc gi

Nguyn Th Trang vi s hng dn ca TS L Dn cng c bi nghin cu v

Xy dng m hnh nh gi mc hi lng ca sinh vin vi cht lng o to ti

trng H Kinh t, H Nng. Nghin cu ny c trnh by trong tuyn tp

Bo co Hi ngh sinh vin nghin cu khoa hc ln th 7 H Nng nm 2010.

Nghin cu ny cng s dng thang o SERVQUAL v m hnh nghin cu gm 3

yu t cu thnh mc hi lng ca sinh vin l: Cht lng chc nng (hu hnh,

cm thng, m bo, p ng v tin cy), Cht lng k thut v hnh nh. Trong ,

cht lng k thut bao gm nhng gi tr m sinh vin thc s nhn c t qu trnh

o to. M hnh c tin hnh kho st trn 352 sinh vin ca trng v cho kt qu

nghin cu: yu t Cht lng k thut c tc ng mnh nht n Mc hi lng,

tip n l yu t Cht lng chc nng v cui cng l yu t hnh nh.

Cng trong nm 2010, TS Nguyn Kim Dung, Vin Nghin cu Gio dc

trng H S Phm TPHCM trnh by trong Hi tho nh gi Xp hng cc

-25-

trng H- cao ng Vit Nam, t chc ti Hu ngy 16/4/2010 nghin cu v

Kho st mc hi lng ca sinh vin v cht lng ging dy v qun l ca mt s

trng H Vit Nam. Bi vit ny trnh by kt qu kho st mc hi lng ca

sinh vin (SV) v cht lng ging dy v qun l ca mt s trng H Vit Nam

trong giai on t 2000 n 2005. ti s dng phng php kho st bng phiu hi

theo nhiu mc tiu, trong c mc tiu l thu thp cc nh gi ca sinh vin ang

hc v sinh vin tt nghip v cht lng ging dy v qun l ca cc trng H Vit

Nam. Sinh vin th hin mc hi lng ca mnh theo thang bc 5 vi 5 l rt hi

lng v 1 l rt khng hi lng. ti tin hnh kho st hn 18 H trong

c nc. Trong c 2 H Quc gia (H Quc gia Tp. HCM: 363 SV, H QG H

Ni: 302 SV), 3 H vng (H Thi Nguyn: 311 SV, H Hu:155 SV, Trng H

Cn Th (c th xem l H vng theo quan im ca ti): 151 SV) v hn 10 H

ngnh (Trng H Bch Khoa H Ni: 216 SV, Trng H Thng Mi: 165 SV,

Trng H M Bn Cng Tp. HCM (hin nay l Trng H M Tp. HCM): 157

SV, Trng H Y Dc Tp. HCM: 152 SV, Trng H Kin Trc Tp.HCM: 145

SV, Trng H Thu Sn Nha Trang (hin nay l Trng H Nha Trang): 140 SV,

Trng H Nng Nghip H Ni: 138 SV, Trng H Kinh t Quc Dn: 96 SV,

trng H M Thut Tp. HCM: 31 SV v sinh vin ca cc trng H khc vi

tng s l 2529 SV tham gia. Kt qu c c t kho st cho thy mc hi lng

ca SV ang hc v SV tt nghip ca Vit Nam ang khong t trung bnh n

trn trung bnh, trong c khong mt s nh trng (4 trng) l c ch s di trung

bnh. Mt s cc trng khc c ch s hi lng l kh thp, c th xem l di

trung bnh. c bit, mc hi lng ca c SV ang hc v SV tt nghip v cht

lng qun l l thp hn mc hi lng v ging dy. Bi vit cng khuyn co rng

cc s liu s dng trong kho st khng cho thy trc tip cht lng tng th ca

cc trng H. Ngoi ra, do s liu c thc hin cch y 5 nm, nn gi tr thc t

c th khc i, c bit l trong giai on hin nay, khi cc trng ang thc hin t

nh gi nhm nng cao cht lng ging dy v qun l.

-26-

Qua nhng nghin cu trn ta thy c mc hi lng ca sinh vin i vi

cht lng o to l khc nhau i vi tng trng, tng i tng kho st. Vic

khc nhau ny ph thuc ch yu vo cht lng o to m trng cung cp cho

i tng m mnh phc v. Ngoi ra cc yu t v nhn khu hc ca i tng

c kho st cng c s tc ng khc nhau n s hi lng i vi tng trng.

iu ny gip cho ti mong i rng kt qu nghin cu trn mt i tng khc s cho

ra nhng im khc nhau so vi cc nghin cu trc v c th da vo tng

bc p ng k vng ca i tng nhm nng cao cht lng o to ti trng.

2.2. Tm tt Chng

Chng 2 gii thiu mt cch c h thng cc cng trnh nghin cu trong v

ngoi nc c lin quan n ti nghin cu, nhm gip ngi c hnh dung mt cch

tng qut v nhng vn t ra v gii quyt cng nh nhng thch thc cn tn ti.

-27-

Chng 3. M HNH V KT QU NGHIN CU

A. M hnh nghin cu

3.1. Gii thiu

Chng 3 c hnh thnh t 2 phn chnh:

Phn (A) thit k nghin cu, trnh by chi tit quy trnh nghin cu, gm c

nghin cu khm ph (nh tnh) v nghin cu chnh thc (nh lng); Xy dng thang

o, trnh by cc thang o lng v nhng khi nim nghin cu c lin quan.

Phn (B) trnh by cc kt qu nghin cu ca ti.

3.2. Thit k nghin cu

Nghin cu ny c thc hin qua hai bc nghin cu:

- Nghin cu khm ph s dng phng php nh tnh (qualitative methodology)

c tin hnh thng qua k thut tho lun nhm nhm pht hin, iu chnh v b sung

cc bin quan st dng thc hin o lng cc khi nim nghin cu.

- Nghin cu chnh thc s dng phng php nh lng (quantitative

methology) c thc hin thng qua hnh thc phng vn trc tip vi bng cu hi chi

tit nhm nh gi cc thang o v kim nh m hnh l thuyt ca ti.

3.2.1. Nghin cu khm ph (nh tnh)

Mc ch ca bc nghin cu nh tnh ny l nhm mc ch khm ph nhng

suy ngh v cm nhn ca sinh vin nhm pht hin cc yu t tc ng n s hi lng

ca sinh vin khi hc tp, rn luyn ti trng H Tin Giang. i tng nghin cu l

cc yu t tc ng n s hi lng ca sinh vin trng H Tin Giang sau khi tt

nghip. Phng php thu thp thng tin c s dng thng qua hnh thc tho lun

nhm da theo mt cng tho lun c chun b trc. Cc cuc tho lun ny c

tin hnh ti phng E01, trng H Tin Giang. Kch thc mu tham gia tho lun l 30

sinh vin.

-28-

3.2.2. Nghin cu chnh thc (nh lng)

Mc ch ca bc nghin cu ny l kim nh m hnh l thuyt t ra, o

lng cc yu t tc ng n n s hi lng ca sinh vin. Nghin cu ny c tin

hnh ti trng H Tin Giang.

Nghin cu nh lng, tc gi chia ra lm hai bc nh sau:

Bc 1: Thc hin nghin cu ln 1, vi kch thc mu l 150 sinh vin. Mc

ch chnh ca bc nghin cu ny l loi b, lm sch cc bin quan st khng ph hp,

hon chnh bng cu hi dng iu tra cho bc nghin cu chnh thc tip theo.

Bc 2: Thc hin nghin cu chnh thc vi kch thc mu l 350 sinh vin,

mc ch chnh ca bc nghin cu ny l:

+ Pht hin cc yu t tc ng n s hi lng ca sinh vin khi hc tp, rn luyn

ti trng H Tin Giang.

+ Xy dng thang o lng cc yu t trn.

+ Xy dng m hnh hi quy gia cc nhm yu t trn vi s hi lng ca sinh vin.

+ xut cc gii php t kt qu nghin cu

3.2.3. Xy dng quy trnh nghin cu

Sau khi nghin cu cc quy trnh nghin cu c tin hnh, tc gi xin xut

quy trnh nghin cu thc hin ti ny nh sau:

-29-

Hnh 3.1: Quy trnh nghin cu

Ngun: Da trn quy trnh nghin cu ca PGS-TS. Nguyn nh Th v Nguyn

Th Mai (2002), Nghin cu cc thnh phn ca gi tr thng hiu v o lng chng

trong th trng hng tiu dng Vit Nam, B2002-22-33, H Kinh t Tp.HCM, trang 22.

C s l thuyt

Thang o

nhp

Tho lun nhm

iu chnh

Thang o

chnh

Nghin cu

nh lng

Cronbach alpha

Phn tch yu t

Thang o

hon chnh

Phn tch hi quy

tuyn tnh bi

Kim tra h s

alpha

Kim tra yu t trch c

Kim tra phng

sai trch c

Kim nh m hnh

Kim nh l thuyt

Kim tra tnh

ng nht ca

bin quan st

-30-

3.3. Xy dng thang o

Thang o l cng c dng quy c (m ha) cc n v phn tch theo cc biu

hin ca bin. Ngy nay vi vic s dng my tnh th vic m ha thng c thc

hin bng con s. C 4 loi thang o c s dng trong nghin cu, l: (1) thang o

nh danh (nominal scale); (2) thang o th t (ordinal scale); (3) thang o qung

(interval scale) v (4) thang o t l (ratio scale).

Trong phm vi nghin cu ca ti ny, thang o c xy dng da trn c s

l thuyt v xy dng thang o v v s tha mn, ng thi tham kho cc thang o

c pht trin trn th gii nh SERQUAL (Zeithaml v Bitner 1996), cc nghin cu

mu v cht lng dch v v s tha mn (Parasuraman 1991). Chng c iu chnh

v b sung sao cho ph hp vi mc ch nghin cu.

C tt c 07 khi nim cn nghin cu l:

(1) Chng trnh o to

(2) i ng ging vin, phng php ging dy

(3) Gio trnh, ti liu hc tp

(4) C s vt cht

(5) Hot ng qun l v h tr o to

(6) Hot ng rn luyn sinh vin

(7) Kt qu t c chung v kha hc

Tuy nhin mc ch chnh ca nghin cu ny l ch yu tp trung vo vic o

lng cc yu t tc ng n s hi lng ca sinh vin i vi hot ng o to v rn

luyn sinh vin ca trng H Tin Giang. iu ny ng ngha vi vic khm ph suy

ngh, cm nhn ca sinh vin i vi trng H Tin Giang. C th cc thang o lng

sau khi m ha c trnh by trong bng di y:

-31-

Bng 3.1: M ha cc bin quan st

K hiu bin CU HI CC BIN QUAN ST

I CHNG TRNH O TO

V1 Chng trnh o to ph hp vi mc tiu o to ca ngnh

V2 Ni dung chng trnh o to c cp nht, i mi

V3 Tng s tn ch tt c cc mn hc trong chng trnh o to l ph

hp

V4 Phn b hp l gia l thuyt v thc hnh

V5 iu kin tin quyt nu trong cng chi tit hc phn hp l

V6 Cu trc chng trnh o to mm do, linh hot thun li cho sinh vin

V7 Ngnh o to p ng nhu cu nhn lc ca x hi

V8 Chng trnh o to c thit k c th hc lin thng vi cc trnh o to v chng trnh gio dc khc

II I NG GING VIN, PHNG PHP GING DY

V9 Kin thc chuyn mn su rng v mn hc mnh m trch

V10 Phng php truyn t tt, d hiu

V11 Kinh nghim thc t nhiu

V12 S dng tt cc cng c h tr ging dy( my chiu, vi tnh)

V13 m bo gi ln lp v k hoch ging dy

V14 Cung cp chng trnh hc ring cho mi mn hc

V15 Dy kt hp vi gio dc nhn cch, o c cho sinh vin

V16 Thi gn gi, thn thin vi sinh vin

V17 Sn sng chia s kin thc v kinh nghim vi sinh vin

V18 nh gi, kim tra st vi chng trnh o to

V19 Thng xuyn kho st kin ngi hc

V20 nh gi kt qu hc tp chnh xc v cng bng i vi mi sinh vin

III GIO TRNH, TI LIU HC TP

V21 cng chi tit hc phn hc m t y , chnh xc ni dung mn hc

V22 Gio trnh gip sinh vin t hc c

V23 Gio trnh mi mn hc c cung cp y , a dng

-32-

V24 Gio trnh mi mn hc c cung cp vi ni dung chnh xc v cp nht

V25 Gio trnh cc mn chuyn ngnh c ging vin ca trng bin son r rng, ni dung chnh xc

V26 Ti liu tham kho phong ph, a dng

V27 Sinh vin d tip cn cc ti liu tham kho do ging vin gii thiu

IV C S VT CHT

V28 Khun vin trng rng ri, sch s, thong mt, d chu

V29 Bi gi xe p ng nhu cu ca sinh vin

V30 Nh v sinh p ng nhu cu ca sinh vin

V31 Phng hc rng ri, thong mt, m bo yu cu v ch ngi

V32 Phng hc m bo m thanh, nh sng

V33 Thit b thc hnh, phng th nghim phc v tt

V34 Phng vi tnh p ng nhu cu hc tp v thc hnh ca sinh vin

V35 Th vin m bo khng gian, ch ngi cho sinh vin hc tp,

nghin cu

V36 Th vin in t gip vic tra cu ti liu d dng, nhanh chng

V37 Sinh vin d dng tip cn mng internet trng

V38 Dch v cng-tin ca trng p ng vi nhu cu sinh vin

V HOT NG QUN L V H TR O TO

V39 Cht lng o to bn nhn c tng xng vi hc ph ng

V40 Dch v gio dc bn nhn c tng xng vi hc ph ng

V41 Ngoi hc bng, sinh vin cn c s h tr ti chnh khc

V42 Cc chi ph khc ca trng hp l( ng phc th thao, gio trnh)

V43 Sinh vin c thng bo y k hoch ging dy, cc tiu ch

nh gi kt qu hc tp v rn luyn

V44 Sinh vin c thng bo y cc k hoch thc hin cc

ti nghin cu khoa hc

V45 Cc thng tin trn website ca trng a dng, phong ph v cp nht

V46 Hot ng c vn hc tp, t vn ngh nghip p ng c nhu

cu tm hiu, chn la v hc tp ca sinh vin

V47 Hot ng x hi, hot ng phong tro ti trng p ng nhu

cu gii tr v tc ng tch cc n vic hc tp ca sinh vin

V48 B phn y t chm sc sc khe tt cho sinh vin khi c nhu cu

-33-

V49

Th tc hnh chnh n g i n , th un l i (ng k hc phn, chng nhn l sinh vin, cp bng im, ng hc ph, ng k thi tr n, xin min gim hc ph, cp hc bng,...)

V50 Cn b, nhn vin cc phng ban (qun l o to, thanh tra,

hnh chnh, ti chnh, cng tc chnh tr) nhit tnh, vui v, tn trng sinh vin

V51 Cn b qun l gii quyt cc vn ca sinh vin nhanh v hiu

qu

V52 Nhn vin th vin phc v tt (phong cch, thi , gi gic phc

v)

V53 Cc khiu ni ca sinh vin c nh trng gii quyt mt cch

tha ng

V54 Trng thng xuyn t chc cc hot ng chm lo i sng vt

cht, tinh thn v bo v nhng li ch chnh ng, hp php ca sinh vin

VI HOT NG RN LUYN SINH VIN

V55 Ni dung ca tun sinh hot chnh tr cng dn u kho, u mi nm rt hu ch i vi sinh vin

V56 Kt qu im rn luyn sinh vin c s dng trong vic xt hc bng cho tng hc k l hp l

V57 Vic nh gi kt qu rn luyn sinh vin l vic lm thng xuyn, qu trnh nh gi chnh xc, cng bng, cng khai v dn ch

V58 Cc hot ng b tr dnh cho sinh vin a dng, phong ph( hi tho, cc cu lc b, hi nhm)

V59 Sinh vin lun c rn luyn v o c, tc phong v nhn cch

V60 Sinh vin c gio dc l tng, truyn thng, li sng v thc php lut

V61 Sinh vin c tham gia Phong tro thanh nin, sinh vin tnh nguyn

V62 Sinh vin c bi dng on vin u t gii thiu cho ng

V63 Sinh vin c hng dn v tham gia nghin cu khoa hc

V64 Trng to iu kin tt cho sinh vin pht huy nng khiu ca mnh

VII KT QU T C CHUNG V KHA HC TI TRNG

V65 Kha hc p ng c nhng mong i ca c nhn

V66 Kha hc gip sinh vin nng cao kh nng t pht trin, t hc, t nghin cu, suy ngh sng to

-34-

V67 Kha hc gip sinh vin nng cao k nng gii quyt vn , x l thng tin

V68 Kha hc gip sinh vin nng cao k nng giao tip, s dng ngoi ng, tin hc

V69 Kha hc gip sinh vin nng cao k nng lm theo vic nhm

V70 Kin thc t kha hc s gip bn d dng pht trin ngh nghip sau ny

V71 Bng cp ca trng H Tin Giang s m bo vic lm tt cho bn trong tng lai

V72 Bn t tin v ngh nghip ca mnh khi ra trng

V73 Bn thch ngnh mnh ang hc

V74 Sut qu trnh hc tp ti Trng H Tin Giang, bn c sinh hot trong mi trng c rn luyn v o c, tc phong, nhn cch V75 H Tin Giang l ni o to cht lng, uy tn

SAL nh gi tng qut, bn hi lng v hot ng o to cng nh mi trng hc tp v rn luyn ti Trng H Tin Giang

3.4. Tm tt phn A

Trong phn A ny trnh by phng php nghin cu thc hin trong ti

nhm xy dng, nh gi cc thang o v xy dng m hnh l thuyt v cc yu t tc

ng n s hi lng ca ca sinh vin. Phng php nghin cu c thc hin qua 02

bc: nghin cu khm ph (nh tnh) v nghin cu chnh thc (nh lng).

Nghin cu khm ph s dng phng php nghin cu nh tnh thng qua k

thut tho lun nhm. Mc ch ca bc nghin cu ny nhm xc nh cc yu t c tc

ng n s hi lng ca sinh vin, cc thang o lng cc khi nim nghin cu cng

c xy dng phc v cho nghin cu chnh thc. Nghin cu chnh thc s dng

phng php nghin cu nh lng thng qua k thut phng vn trc tip sinh vin vi

kch thc mu n = 250. Phn B tip theo s trnh by kt qu nghin cu thu thp c

qua cng c phn mm SPSS version 16.0.

-35-

B. Trnh by kt qu nghin cu

3.5. Kt qu nghin cu nh lng ln 1

3.5.1. Thng tin mu nghin cu nh lng ln 1

3.5.1.1. Gii tnh

Kt qu thng k gii tnh ca mu nghin cu, trong 150 sinh vin tham gia tr

li phng vn c 72 sinh vin nam v 78 sinh vin n, c biu hin qua bng sau:

Bng 3.2: Thng k gii tnh mu nghin cu

Sinh vin Tn s Phn trm Phn trm ly tch

Nam 72 48 48

N 78 52 100.0

Tng 150 100.0

3.5.1.2. i tng tham gia phng vn

Kt qu thng k i tng tham gia phng vn ca mu nghin cu, trong 150

sinh vin tham gia phng vn c biu hin qua bng sau:

Bng 3.3: Thng k i tng tham gia mu nghin cu ln 1

Lp Tn s Phn trm Phn trm ly tch

HKT08 20 13.33 13.33

HTH08 20 13.33 26.66

HQTKD08 20 13.33 39.99

HXD08 20 13.33 53.32

HGDTH8 20 13.33 66.65

CSPMN09 20 13.33 79.98

CM09 15 10 89.98

CKT08 15 10 100.0

Tng 150 100.0

-36-

3.5.2. nh gi tin cy ca thang o

Cc thang o u c nh gi tin cy, thng qua h s tin cy Cronbach alpha

thng qua phn mm thng k SPSS version 16.0. Mc ch l tm ra nhng mc cn hi

cn gi li v nhng mc hi cn b i trong rt nhiu mc bn a vo kim tra (Hong

Trng-Chu Nguyn Mng Ngc, 2005, 249). Nhiu nh nghin cu ng rng khi

Cronbach alpha t 0.8 n gn 1 th thang o lng tt, t 0.7 n gn bng 0.8 l s

dng c. Cng c nh nghin cu ngh rng Cronbach Alpha t 0.6 tr ln l c th

s dng c trong trng hp khi nim ang nghin cu l mi hoc mi i vi ngi

tr li trong bi cnh nghin cu (Nunnally, 1978; Peterson, 1994; Slater, 1995). Bn

cnh , phi m bo cc bin quan st c h s tng quan gia bin v tng (item-total

correlation) trn 0.35, iu ny cho thy cc thang o m bo s tin cy (Nguyn nh

Th, 2005).

Trong qu trnh nh gi tin cy ca thang o thng qua vic nh gi h s

Cronbachs Alpha, vi cc kt qu thu c cho thy thang o lng t chun v c h

s Cronbachs Alpha t t 0.74 n 0.881. Bn cnh , khi xt h s tng quan gia

bin quan st v tng (item-total correlation) vi kt qu thu c ch ra rng cn phi

loi 03 bin quan st: V4, V28, V29 v 03 bin ny c h s tng gia bin v tng nh

hn 0.35. Kt qu nh gi tin cy ca thang o c trnh by cc bng di y:

Bng 3.4: H s tin cy Cronbach Alpha cc thang o ln 1

Thang o S lng bin quan st H s alpha

Chng trnh o to 08 0.74

i ng ging vin, phng php ging dy 12 0.855

Gio trnh, ti liu hc tp 07 0.822

C s vt cht 11 0.803

Hot ng qun l v h tr o to 16 0.881

Hot ng rn luyn sinh vin 10 0.817

Kt qu t c chung v kha hc 11 0.849

-37-

Bng 3.5: Cc bin quan st b loi ln 1

Bin quan st b loi H s tng quan bin v tng

(Item-total correlation)

V4 0.304

V28 0.337

V29 0.288

Sau khi tin hnh kim tra h s Cronbachs Alpha v h s tng quan bin tng,

bc tip theo chng ta phi tin hnh phn tch yu t nhm mc ch kim tra xem cc

bin quan st trong cc thang o trn c tch thnh nhng nhm yu t mi hay khng,

iu ny s gip chng ta th tip tc loi b cc bin quan st khng t yu cu vi mc

ch m bo cc thang o c ng nht.

3.5.3. Phn tch yu t

Vic tin hnh phn tch yu t c thc hin thng qua phn mm thng k

SPSS 16.0 for Windows vi phng php trch cc yu t (phng php mc nh l rt

trch cc thnh phn chnh Principal components analysis), phng php xoay yu t

Varimax procedure (xoay nguyn cc gc yu t ti thiu ha lng bin c h s ln

ti cng mt yu t, v vy s tng cng kh nng gii thch cc yu t) v im dng

khi trch yu t c Eigenvalue l 1.

Ch s KMO (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy) l mt ch s

c dng xem xt s thch hp ca cc phn tch yu t. Tr s ca KMO ln (gia

0.5 v 1) c ngha l vic phn tch yu t l thch hp, ngc li nu ch s KMO nh

hn 0.5 th phn tch yu t c kh nng khng thch hp vi cc d liu. Kt qu phn

tch yu t mu nghin cu c th nh sau:

-38-

Bng 3.6: Ch s KMO cc thang o ln 1

Thang o S lng bin

quan st Ch s KMO




C s vt cht 09 0.777




Kt qu cho thy rng vic phn tch yu t y l thch hp v cc thang o u

c ch s KMO ln hn 0.5. Bn cnh , qua phn tch yu t vi kt qu cc bin quan

st trong thang o khng tch thnh nhng nhm yu t mi ng ngha vi cc thang o

t tiu chun, do c th s dng chng trong vic thu thp thp thng tin phc v iu

tra chnh thc.

3.6. Kt qu nghin cu nh lng chnh thc

3.6.1. Thng tin mu nghin cu chnh thc

3.6.1.1. Gii tnh

Kt qu thng k gii tnh ca mu nghin cu v mu n = 350 sinh vin tham gia

tr li phng vn c 172 sinh vin nam v 178 sinh vin n, c m t trong bng sau:

Bng 3.7: Thng k gii tnh mu nghin cu chnh thc

Sinh vin Tn s Phn trm Phn trm ly tch

Nam 168 48 48

N 182 52 100.0

Tng 350 100.0

-39-

3.6.1.2. i tng sinh vin tham gia phng vn

Sinh vin cc khoa ti trng H Tin Giang tham gia phng vn c biu hin

qua bng sau:

Bng 3.8: i tng tham gia

Khoa Tn s Phn trm Phn trm

ly tch

Khoa S phm 66 18.9 18.9

Khoa K thut 69 19.7 38.6

Khoa Kinh t - x hi 67 19.1 57.7

Khoa Xy dng 57 16.3 74.0

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin 48 13.7 87.7

Khoa Ngoi ng 43 12.3 100.0

Tng 350 100.0

3.6.1.3. Nin kha

Theo kt qu thng k thu c t mu nghin cu chnh thc cho thy trong 350

sinh vin tham gia tr li phng vn c 150 sinh vin thuc nin kha 08 v 200 sinh

vin thuc nin kha 09, c m t trong bng sau:

Bng 3.9: Nin kha

Nin kha Tn s Phn trm Phn trm

ly tch

Sinh vin kha 08 150 42.9 42.9

Sinh vin kha 09 200 57.1 100.0

Tng 350 100.0

-40-

3.6.1.4. Bc o to

Kt qu thng k thu c t mu nghin cu chnh thc, trong 350 sinh vin tham

gia tr li phng vn gm c 150 sinh vic bc H chnh quy v 200 sinh vin bc cao

ng chnh quy, c m t trong bng sau:

Bng 3.10: Bc o to

H o to Tn s Phn trm Phn trm

ly tch

H h chnh quy 165 47.1 47.1

Cao ng h chnh quy 185 52.9 100.0

Tng 350 100.0

3.6.1.5. Mc cc hot ng sinh vin tham gia

Sinh vin c hi v mc cc hot ng m mnh tham gia theo dng mu

thang o khong (interval scale), nh gi cc mc tham gia ca sinh vin da trn

thang o likert 5 im t im 1 (khng thng xuyn) m im 5 (rt thng xuyn).

Kt qu mc tham gia ca sinh vin tnh theo im trung bnh nh sau:

Bng 3.11: Mc cc hot ng sinh vin tham gia

1. 1. Khng thng xuyn 5. Rt thng xuyn Bin

m ha

im trung bnh

Lm vic bn thi gian (khng tnh dy km) AC1 1.95

Dy km AC2 1.75

Sinh hot on, hi, cu lc b (trong v ngoi trng) AC3 2.87

Lm vic nhm, hc nhm AC4 3.69

Hc cc lp ngn hn (ngoi ng, tin hc, nng khiu) AC5 2.93

Nghin cu khoa hc AC6 1.91

Cc hot ng phong tro do trng, khoa, lp t chc AC7 3.62

Nhn chung, sinh vin t tham gia cc hot ng bn ngoi ging ng, c bit l

cc hot ng dy km, nghin cu khoa hc. Theo tc gi, sinh vin nn tham gia tht

-41-

nhiu hn cc hot ng bn ngoi ging ng v ch c nh th sinh vin mi c kh

nng pht huy v thc hnh nhng kin thc mnh c trang b. Bn canh , nu sinh

vin tham gia nhiu hn cc hot ng bn ngoi ging ng s gip sinh vin dn ci

thin c cc k nng mm, d ha nhp vo x hi sau khi ri khi gh nh trng v

c c hi thnh cng hn trong cuc sng.

3.6.1.6. Mc cm nhn ca sinh vin i vi cc bin quan st

Bng 3.12: Mc cm nhn i vi cc bin quan st

Bin quan st N

Trung bnh lch chun Hp l Thiu

V1 350 0 3.64 .890

V2 350 0 3.48 .904

V3 350 0 3.68 .871

V5 350 0 3.53 .910

V6 350 0 3.19 .954

V7 350 0 3.29 .993

V8 350 0 3.72 .868

V9 350 0 3.57 .917

V10 350 0 3.37 .912

V11 350 0 3.43 .942

V12 350 0 3.91 .896

V13 350 0 3.73 .842

V14 350 0 3.61 .775

V15 350 0 3.68 .857

V16 350 0 3.65 .898

V17 350 0 3.85 .786

V18 350 0 3.66 .826

V19 350 0 3.37 .956

V20 350 0 3.54 .968

V21 350 0 3.67 .885

V22 350 0 3.38 .847

-42-

V23 350 0 3.45 .854

V24 350 0 3.51 .821

V25 350 0 3.55 .864

V26 350 0 3.45 .988

V27 350 0 3.32 .981

V30 350 0 3.21 1.110

V31 350 0 3.25 1.034

V32 350 0 3.47 .968

V33 350 0 3.25 .953

V34 350 0 3.27 1.048

V35 350 0 3.25 1.057

V36 350 0 3.13 1.052

V37 350 0 3.28 1.044

V38 350 0 3.24 1.041

V39 350 0 3.39 .941

V40 350 0 3.43 .933

V41 350 0 3.51 1.006

V42 350 0 3.54 .956

V43 350 0 3.62 .940

V44 350 0 3.40 .936

V45 350 0 3.33 1.012

V46 350 0 3.31 .967

V47 350 0 3.49 .914

V48 350 0 3.39 .972

V49 350 0 3.02 1.110

V50 350 0 3.01 1.105

V51 350 0 3.08 1.016

V52 350 0 3.18 1.025

V53 350 0 3.25 .942

V54 350 0 3.28 .934

V55 350 0 3.69 .953

V56 350 0 3.53 1.026

-43-

V57 350 0 3.48 .966

V58 350 0 3.54 .910

V59 350 0 3.65 .881

V60 350 0 3.71 .864

V61 350 0 3.60 .958

V62 350 0 3.55 .912

V63 350 0 3.41 .988

V64 350 0 3.42 .977

V65 350 0 3.35 .907

V66 350 0 3.46 .858

V67 350 0 3.49 .814

V68 350 0 3.53 .852

V69 350 0 3.67 .796

V70 350 0 3.48 .882

V71 350 0 3.20 .951

V72 350 0 3.23 1.010

V73 350 0 3.81 .896

V74 350 0 3.79 .857

V75 350 0 3.48 .938

SAL 350 0 3.42 .892

3.6.2. nh gi tin cy ca thang o

Kt qu nh gi tin cy ca thang o thng qua vic nh gi h s Cronbachs

Alpha, vi cc kt qu thu c cho thy thang o lng t chun v c h s

Cronbachs Alpha t t 0.783 n 0.917. Bn cnh , khi xt h s tng quan gia

bin quan st v tng (item-total correlation) vi kt qu thu c ch ra rng cn phi

loi duy nht 01 bin quan st V5 (iu kin tin quyt nu trong cng chi tit hc

phn hp l) v bin quan st ny c h s tng gia bin v tng bng 0.385 < 0.4. Kt

qu nh gi tin cy ca thang o c trnh by cc bng di y:

-44-

Bng 3.13: H s tin cy Cronbach Alpha ca cc thang o

Thang o S lng bin quan st H s alpha




C s vt cht 09 0.855




Sau khi tin hnh kim tra h s Cronbachs Alpha v h s tng quan bin tng,

bc tip theo chng ta phi tin hnh phn tch yu t nhm mc ch kim tra xem cc

bin quan st trong cc thang o trn c tch thnh nhng nhm yu t mi hay khng,

iu ny s gip chng ta th tip tc loi b cc bin quan st khng t yu cu vi mc

ch m bo cc thang o c ng nht.

3.6.3. Phn tch yu t

Thng qua vic s dng phn mm thng k SPSS 16.0 for Windows vi phng

php trch cc yu t (phng php mc nh l rt trch cc thnh phn chnh Principal

components analysis), phng php xoay yu t Varimax procedure (xoay nguyn cc

gc yu t ti thiu ha lng bin c h s ln ti cng mt yu t, v vy s tng

cng kh nng gii thch cc yu t) v im dng khi trch yu t c Eigenvalue l 1.

Kt qu phn tch yu t t mu nghin cu cho kt qu ch s KMO (Kaiser-

Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy) u c gi tr > 0.5, ng ngha vi vic

phn tch yu t l thch hp. Kt qu phn tch yu t mu nghin cu c th nh sau:

-45-

Bng 3.14: Ch s KMO cc thang o

Thang o S lng bin

quan st Ch s KMO




C s vt cht 09 0.878




Kt qu cho thy rng vic phn tch yu t y l thch hp v cc thang o u

c ch s KMO ln hn 0.5.

3.6.3.1. Phn tch thang o Chng trnh o to

Thang o Chng trnh o to gm 06 bin quan st c k hiu ln lt l V1,

V2, V3, V6, V8 v V9 (sau khi loi V4, V5). Kt qu phn tch nhn t cho thy tt c

cc bin quan st u ng nht (khng tch thnh cc nhm nhn t mi) vi h s

tng quan gia cc bin quan st vi nhm nhn t t 0.62 tr ln v tng phng sai

c gii thch l 47.49%, (ngha l cc nhn t c trch ra c th gii thch c gn

bng 50% bin thin ca d liu nu thc hin phn tch theo phng php Principal

components analysis v php xoay Varimax). Do , thang o lng Chng trnh o

to t chun, c th s dng cho cc ln nghin cu tip theo. Kt qu phn tch c

trnh by tm tt trong Bng di y:

-46-

Bng 3.15: Kt qu phn tch nhn t thang o Chng trnh o to

Nhn t

1

V1 .682

V2 .717

V3 .621

V6 .694

V7 .765

V8 .647

3.6.3.2. Phn tch thang o i ng ging vin, phng php ging dy

Thang o i ng ging vin, phng php ging dy gm 12 bin quan st c

k hiu ln lt l V9,V10, V11,V12, V13, V14, V15, V15, V16, V17, V18, V19 v V20.

Kt qu phn tch nhn t cho thy cc bin quan st tch thnh hai nhm nhn t ring

bit, trong bin quan st V13 c h s tng quan gia cc bin quan st vi nhm

nhn t l 0.395 < 0.5 nn b loi v tng phng sai c gii thch l 49.38%.

Nhm nhn t th nht bao gm cc bin quan st V14, V15, V16, V17, V18, V19

v V20, tc gi quyt nh t tn cho nhm ny l Thi , tinh thn phc v ca

ging vin

Nhm nhn t th hai bao gm cc bin quan st V9, V10, V11 v V12, tc gi t

tn cho nhm ny l Kin thc, kinh nghim ca ging vin

Kt qu phn tch c trnh by trong Bng di y:

-47-

Bng 3.16: Kt qu phn tch nhn t thang o

i ng ging vin, phng php ging dy

3.6.3.3. Phn tch thang o Gio trnh, ti liu hc tp

Thang o Gio trnh, ti liu tham kho gm 07 bin quan st c k hiu ln lt

l V21,V22, V23, V24, V25, V26 v V27. Kt qu phn tch nhn t cho thy tt c cc

bin quan st u ng nht vi h s tng quan gia cc bin quan st vi nhm nhn

t t 0.652 tr ln v tng phng sai c gii thch l 46.64%. Do , thang o lng

Gio trnh, ti liu hc tp t chun, c th s dng cho cc ln nghin cu tip theo. Kt

qu phn tch c trnh by tm tt trong Bng di y:

Nhn t

1 2

V9 .269 .708

V10 .265 .727

V11 .127 .818

V12 .159 .660

V13 .395 .480

V14 .516 .263

V15 .653 .255

V16 .722 .107

V17 .698 .112

V18 .636 .273

V19 .647 .186

V20 .600 .265

-48-

Bng 3.17: Kt qu phn tch nhn t thang o Gio trnh, ti liu hc tp

Nhn t

1

V21 .699

V22 .660

V23 .738

V24 .729

V25 .630

V26 .666

V27 .652

3.6.3.4. Phn tch thang o C s vt cht

Thang o C s vt cht gm 09 bin quan st c k hiu ln lt l V30, V31,

V32,V33, V34, V35, V36, V37 v V38. Kt qu phn tch nhn t cho thy cc bin quan

st tch thnh hai nhm nhn t ring bit c h s tng quan gia cc bin quan st vi

nhm nhn t t 0.515 tr ln v tng phng sai c gii thch l 49.38%.

Nhm nhn t th nht bao gm cc bin quan st V30, V31, V32,V33, V34, v

V35, tc gi t tn cho nhm ny l C s vt cht phc v hc tp, nghin cu

Nhm nhn t th hai bao gm cc bin quan st V36, V37 v V38, tc gi t tn

cho nhm ny l C s vt cht dch v sinh vin


-49-

Bng 3.18: Kt qu phn tch nhn t thang o C s vt cht

Component

1 2

V30 .682 .170

V31 .681 .257

V32 .785 .122

V33 .736 .212

V34 .626 .373

V35 .515 .482

V36 .374 .699

V37 .201 .800

V38 .125 .795

3.6.3.5. Phn tch thang o Hot ng qun l v h tr o to

Thang o Hot ng qun l v h tr o to gm 16 bin quan st c k hiu

ln lt l V39, V40, V41, V42, V43, V45, V46, V47, V48, V49, V50, V51, V52, V53 v

V54. Kt qu phn tch nhn t cho thy phi loi b 02 bin quan st V46, V47 do c h

s tng quan gia cc bin quan st vi nhm nhn t < 0.4, cc bin quan st cn li

tch thnh hai nhm nhn t ring bit c h s tng quan gia cc bin quan st vi

nhm nhn t t 0.517 tr ln v tng phng sai c gii thch l 53,6%.

Nhm nhn t th nht bao gm cc bin quan st V48, V49, V50, V51, V52, V53

v V54, vn t tn cho nhm ny l Hot ng qun l v h tr o to

Nhm nhn t th hai bao gm cc bin quan st V39, V40, V41, V42, V43 v

V45, nhng do nhm nhn t th hai nay c n 06 bin quan st nhng mc tng

phng sai gii thch c ch t 8.91% qu thp v khng hp l khi xp vi nhau cng

mt nhm nhn t. Do , tc gi quyt nh loi tip 06 bin quan st ny lun.


-50-


Hot ng qun l v h tr o to

3.6.3.6. Phn tch thang o Hot ng rn luyn sinh vin

Thang o Hot ng rn luyn sinh vin gm 10 bin quan st c k hiu ln

lt l V55, V56, V57, V58, V59, V60, V61, V62, V63 v V64. Kt qu phn tch nhn

t cho thy tt c cc bin quan st u ng nht vi h s tng quan gia cc bin

quan st vi nhm nhn t t 0.675 tr ln v tng phng sai c gii thch l 46.64%.

Do , thang o lng Hot ng rn luyn sinh vin t tiu chun, c th s dng cho

cc ln nghin cu tip theo. Kt qu phn tch c trnh by tm tt trong Bng di

y:

Component

1 2

V39 .342 .647

V40 .238 .686

V41 .173 .770

V42 .154 .695

V43 .233 .681

V44 .275 .657

V45 .457 .534

V46 .365 .461

V47 .495 .372

V48 .579 .335

V49 .746 .221

V50 .825 .214

V51 .830 .200

V52 .722 .195

V53 .726 .333

V54 .517 .407

-51-


Hot ng rn luyn sinh vin

3.6.3.7. Phn tch thang o Kt qu t c chung v kha hc

Thang o Kt qu t c chung v kha hc gm 11 bin quan st c k hiu

ln lt l V65, V66, V67, V68, V69, V70, V71, V72, V73, V74 v V75. Kt qu phn

tch nhn t cho thy cc bin quan st tch thnh hai nhm nhn t ring bit c h s

tng quan gia cc bin quan st vi nhm nhn t t 0.596 tr ln v tng phng sai

c gii thch l 62.17%.

Nhm nhn t th nht bao gm 06 bin quan st V65, V66, V67, V68, V69, v

V70, tc gi t tn cho nhm ny l Kin thc, k nng sinh vin thu c t kha

hc

Nhm nhn t th hai bao gm 05 bin quan st V71, V72, V73, V74 v V75, tc

gi t tn cho nhm ny l S hi lng ca sinh vin khi hc tp, rn luyn ti trng

H Tin Giang


Component

1

V55 .675

V56 .715

V57 .768

V58 .768

V59 .734

V60 .735

V61 .689

V62 .725

V63 .733

V64 .716

-52-


Kt qu t c chung v kha hc

Component

1 2

V65 .745 .279

V66 .809 .237

V67 .829 .246

V68 .794 .195

V69 .616 .360

V70 .648 .434

V71 .395 .657

V72 .218 .766

V73 .118 .689

V74 .464 .596

V75 .334 .754

3.6.4. M hnh hi qui tuyn tnh a bin

3.6.4.1. Gii thiu m hnh hi qui tuyn tnh a bin

M hnh hi qui tuyn tnh a bin c dng:

y= + 1x1i+ 2x2i +3x3i + ......+........+ kxki + i

Trong l im ct trn trc tung, l dc (trong thng k gi l h s hi

qui) v i l phn d.

Trong phn tch hi qui tuyn tnh a bin, ta cn bit mc nh hng ca tng

yu t ln bin kt cc y . Mun bit mc nh hng cn lu n cc tr s sau:

1/. H s tng quan R (coefficient of correlation): yu t no c R cng ln th

nh hng cng nhiu.

2/. Bnh phng ca R (R square): yu t no c R2 cng ln th mi quan h gia

yu t v bin y cng cht ch.

-53-

3/. H s hi qui (regression coefficient): yu t no c cao th nh hng

nhiu hn, tuy nhin cc yu t c n v khc nhau nn khng th so snh mc nh

hng gia cc yu t. Nu mun so snh phi i cc yu t c cng n v l lch

chun, lc ta c h s hi qui chun ha: S = .(/) ( Vi Sx l lch chun ca

x tng ng v Sy l lch chun ca y)

4/. Tr s p (p value): cng nh mc nh hng cng mnh.

3.6.4.2. M ha cc nhm yu tc tc ng n s hi lng

Bng 3.22: M ha cc nhm yu t tc ng n s hi lng

2. Nhm yu t Bao gm cc bin quan

st

Bin

m ha

Chng trnh o to V1, V2, V3, V6, V7, V8 M1

Thi , tinh thn phc v ca ging vin V14, V15, V16, V17, V18,

V19, V20 M2

Kin thc, kinh nghim ca ging vin V9, V10, V11, V12 M3

Gio trnh, ti liu hc tp V21, V22, V23, V24, V25,

V26, V27 M4

C s vt cht phc v hc tp, nghin cu V30, V31, V32, V33, V34,

V35 M5

C s vt cht dch v sinh vin V36, V37, V38 M6

Hot ng qun l v h tr o to V48, V49, V50, V51, V52,

V53, V54 M7

Hot ng rn luyn sinh vin V55, V56, V57, V58, V59,

V60, V61, V62, V63, V64 M8

Kin thc, k nng sinh vin thu c t kha hc V65, V66, V67, V68, V69,

V70 M9

S hi lng ca sinh vin khi hc tp, rn luyn ti trng H Tin Giang

V71, V72, V73, V74, V75 M10

-54-

3.6.4.3. Kt qu phn tch m hnh hi quy tuyn tnh ca ti

Tin hnh phn tch m hnh hi qui tuyn tnh a bin bng cng c phn mm

SPSS version 16, vi M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M7, M8, M9 l cc bin c lp v

M10 l bin ph thuc. Kt qu phn tch c trnh by trong bng lin i di y:

Bng 3.23: Kt qu phn tch hi qui tuyn tnh a bin ca m hnh l thuyt

Variables Entered/Removedb

M hnh Bin a vo Bin b ra Phng php

1

M9, M6, M3, M2,

M5, M1, M4, M7,

M8a

. Enter

a. All requested variables entered.

b. Dependent Variable: M10

Model Summaryb

Model R R Square

Adjusted

R Square

Std. Error of

the Estimate

1 .774

a .600 .589 .455

a. Predictors: (Constant), M9, M6, M3, M2, M5, M1, M4, M7, M8


-55-

Coefficientsa

Model

H s hi quy

cha chun ha

H s hi quy

chun ha Gi tr

t

Gi tr

Sig. B Std. Error Beta

1 (Constant) -.008 .173 -.048 .961

M1 .108 .058 .096 1.870 .042

M2 .129 .061 .107 2.130 .034

M3 .067 .048 .067 1.414 .158

M4 .013 .061 .011 .206 .837

M5 .162 .046 .170 3.522 .000

M6 .036 .039 .043 .920 .358

M7 .068 .050 .075 1.372 .171

M8 .080 .058 .078 1.388 .166

M9 .352 .056 .338 6.286 .000

a. Dependent Variable: M10

Lc ny phng trnh hi qui tuyn tnh a bin c th vit nh sau:

M10 = 0.008 + 0.108.M1 + 0.129.M2 + 0.067.M3 + 0.013.M4 + 0.162.M5

+ 0.036.M6 + 0.068.M7 + 0.080.M8 + 0.352.M9

H s tng quan chung l R=0,774 v tt c 09 yu t ny gii thch c

60.0% (R2= 0,60) s hi lng ca sinh vin.

Nhn vo tr s p (ct cui cng-Sig.), ch c yu t M5(C s vt cht phc v

hc tp, nghin cu), M9 (Kin thc, k nng sinh vin thu c t kha hc) l c gi

tr thng k vi p=0,000. Nh vy trong phn phn tch a bin ch c M5, M9 l c

ngha c lp gii thch s hi lng ca sinh vin. Tht vy, gia M5, M9 v s hi

lng ca sinh vin c tng quan cao nht (R = 0,742) v gii thch n 55.0% (R2=

0,55) s hi lng ca sinh vin (xem bng tip theo). 07 yu t cn li (M1, M2, M3,

M4, M6, M7, M8) gii thch vo khong 5.0% s hi lng ca sinh vin.

-56-

Kt lun: Ch c M5 v M9 l yu t c lp c ngha d on s hi lng

ca sinh vin, cc yu t cn li c rt t nh hng.

Bng 3.24: Kt qu phn tch hi qui tuyn tnh a bin ca M9, M5

Variables Entered/Removedb

M hnh Bin a vo Bin b ra Phng php

1 M9, M5a . Enter

a. All requested variables entered.


3.6.5. Phn tch s khc bit v mc cm nhn ca sinh vin

Trong cc phn ny, tc gi tip tc i tm cu tr li liu mc cm nhn v cc

yu t M1, M2, M3, M4, M4, M5, M6, M7, M8, M9 v M10 c s khc bit gia cc sinh

vin khi h c chia theo gii tnh, nin kha, bc hc ? Tc gi tin hnh kim nh

Independent-samples T-test (kim nh trung bnh vi mu c lp). Kim nh Levene

test c tin hnh vi gi thuyt H0 rng phng sai ca 2 tng th bng nhau, nu kt

qu kim nh cho mc ngha quan st nh hn 0.05 ta c th bc b gi thuyt H0 v

ngc li.

Sau khi tin hnh phn tch Independent-samples T-test vi mc ngha quan st

0.05 kt qu thu c nh sau:

Model Summaryb

Model R R Square

Adjusted

R Square

Std. Error of

the Estimate

1 .742

a .550 .548 .477

a. Predictors: (Constant), M9, M5


-57-

C mt s khc bit trong mc cm nhn v s ph hp ca M1 gia cc sinh

vin c phn theo gii tnh nam v n. Kt qu kim nh cho thy tr s trung

bnh mc cm nhn ca sinh vin nam v n c s khc bit (Sig. = 0.013 <

0.05). Bng thng k 3.22 s minh ha cho s khc bit ny.


vin khi c chia theo nin kha. Kt qu kim nh cho thy tr s mc cm

nhn trung bnh ca sinh vin phn theo nin kha c s khc bit (Sig. = 0.042 <

0.05). Bng thng k 3.22 s minh ha cho khc bit ny.


vin khi c chia theo bc hc. Kt qu kim nh cho thy tr s mc cm

nhn trung bnh ca sinh vin phn theo bc hc c s khc bit (Sig. = 0.039 <

0.05). Bng thng k 3.22 s minh ha cho khc bit ny.

Bng 3.25: Khc bit gia cc nhm

Phn loi Nhm S tr li Mc cm nhn lch chun

Gii tnh Nam 168 3.48 0.678

N 182 3.52 0.584

Nin kha Kha 08 150 3.46 0.639

Kha 09 200 3.53 0.758

Bc hc H 165 3.51 0.659

Cao ng 185 3.50 0.752

3.7. Tm tt Chng

Chng 3 trnh by kt qu nh gi, phn tch v hon chnh cc thang o

lng cc nhn t tc ng n s hi lng ca sinh vin khi hc tp, rn luyn ti trng

H Tin Giang. Kt qu nh gi cho thy rng cc thang o iu t tin cy cn thit.

ng thi cng trnh by kt qu kim nh m hnh l thuyt t ra.

-58-

KT LUN V KHUYN NGH

1. Kt lun

Sinh vin nh gi tng qut, s hi lng v hot ng o to cng nh mi

trng hc tp v rn luyn ti Trng H Tin Giang mc trung bnh kh (trung bnh

= 3.42). T kt qu phn tch hi quy cho thy s hi lng ny ph thuc vo 09 nhm

yu t theo mc nh hng gim dn nh sau: trc tin l M9: Kin thc, k nng

sinh vin thu c t kha hc (beta = 0.338), tip n l M5: C s vt cht phc v

hc tp, nghin cu (beta = 0.170), M2: Thi , tinh thn phc v ca ging vin

(beta = 0.107), M1: Chng trnh o to (beta = 0.096), cui cng l M4: Gio trnh,

ti liu hc tp (beta = 0.011).

Liu mc cm nhn v cc yu t M1, M2, M3, M4, M4, M5, M6, M7, M8, M9

v M10 c s khc bit gia cc sinh vin khi h c chia theo gii tnh, nin kha, bc

hc? Sau khi tin hnh phn tch Independent-samples T-test vi mc ngha quan st

0.05 kt qu l: c mt s khc bit trong mc cm nhn v s ph hp ca

M1(Chng trnh o to) gia cc sinh vin c phn theo gii tnh nam v n; c mt

s khc bit trong mc cm nhn v s ph hp ca M10 (S hi lng ca sinh vin

khi hc tp, rn luyn ti trng H Tin Giang) gia cc sinh vin khi c chia theo

nhin kha; c mt s khc bit trong mc cm nhn v s ph hp ca M10 gia cc

sinh vin khi c chia theo bc hc.

2. Khuyn ngh

Qua phn tch kt qu kho st s hi lng ca sinh vin khi hc tp, rn luyn

ti trng H Tin Giang thy c sinh vin c s hi lng trung bnh kh. Tuy

nhin, bn cnh nhng nhim v t c vn cn mt s tn ti cn c khc

phc, iu chnh cho hot ng o to ca trng ngy cng hon thin hn, mi

trng hc tp, nghin cu v rn luyn sinh vin ngy cng c ci thin nhm p

ng c nhu cu mi ca sinh vin v khng nh v tr ca mnh trong iu kin hi

nhp nn kinh t th gii ni chung v trong gip dc ni ring. Thng qua mt s

-59-

kin ghi nhn t nhng k vng, cm nhn ca sinh vin v kt qu kho st, tc gi xin

xut mt s kin ngh nh sau:

i vi Chng trnh o to

Cn i t l phn b gia l thuyt v thc hnh trong chng trnh o to ca

tng ngnh hc, tng mn hc. Vic sinh vin ch ngi trn gh nh trng c nhi

nht cc mn hc l thuyt trong khi thi gian thc hnh v i thc t qu t khin

cho sinh vin qu nhm chn, th ng v khng pht huy c t duy sng to. Mun

nng cao cht lng, chng trnh o to phi ph hp vi yu cu ngi hc, p

ng th trng lao ng v yu cu ca x hi. Thng qua cc kin thu c t

vic phng vn su tc gi nhn thy c sinh vin c nhng mong i v nhng

yu cu nht nh i vi chng trnh o to v vy nh trng cn phi thit k, cn

i hp l gia thi lng l thuyt v thc hnh trong chng trnh o to. Mt khi

c nhiu thi lng thc hnh sinh vin mi c th vn dng l thuyt hc vo

thc t v pht huy tt hn kh nng t duy sng to.

Ngoi ra, nh trng cn phi xy dng cc mi lin h cht ch vi cc

cng ty bn ngoi, to iu kin cho sinh vin c tham quan, thc tp, tip xc vi

mi trng thc t. Song hnh vi mi lin h ny cng gip nh trng nm c

cc nhu cu s dng lao ng t thit k, iu chnh chng trnh hc st vi yu

cu thc t ca cc cng ty. Ch c nh th th chng trnh o to mi thng

xuyn c iu ch nh, i mi, ph hp vi nhu cu nhn lc ca x hi v p

ng c nhu cu hc tp, nghin cu ca sinh vin.

i vi i ng ging vin

Nng cao cht lng i ng ging vin bng cch to iu kin thun

li ging vin c c hi hc tp, nghin cu chuyn mn trong v ngoi nc.

Khuyn khch v h tr ging vin tham d cc hi tho khoa hc chuyn ngnh

vi t cch l ngi trnh by hoc ngi tham gia ging vin c tip xc, trao

i cc kin thc mi.

-60-

To iu kin tt nht cho sinh vin tip thu kin thc mi mt cch

thun li v hnh thnh, pht trin c kh nng t hc, t nghin cu l vn quan

trng nht i vi ging vin hin nay. Thay v s dng phng php thuyt trnh

nhm chn truyn t kin thc cho sinh vin th ging vin c th s dng phng

php m thoi hng dn, gi m v dn dt sinh vin n vi cc kin thc mi.

Trong trng hp ny ging vin khng phi l ngi truyn th m ch l ngi

hng dn sinh vin t tm hiu, t nghin cu l gii c cc vn . Khi

kin thc s t ng c hnh thnh trong sinh vin mt cch t nhin, khng gng

p, khng nhi nht v gip sinh vin nh lu hn. Bn cnh ging vin cng nn

kt hp vi phng php lm vic nhm cng vi vic cho sinh vin t thc hin

trnh by cc seminar, cc chuyn khoa hc tng cng kh nng t hc, t

nghin cu. Bng phng php ny cc kin thc k nng cn thit cho sinh vin s

c hnh thnh v pht trin ton din nh: kh nng t hc, t nghin cu; k nng

lm vic nhm; k nng giao tip; nng lc gii quyt vn , nng lc t duy h

thng, t duy sng to

Ngoi kin thc chuyn mn su rng, ngoi phng php s phm

hiu qu, ging vin cng cn phi c mt s gn gi, thn thin, nhit tnh v tm

huyt vi ngh. Nh trng nn c s khuyn khch i vi ging vin trong vic

nng cao k nng ging dy, cht lng mn hc, chng trnh o to, v kh nng

nghin cu v s bt v tng lng thng da vo khi lng ging dy v thm

nin, khng da trn thnh tch, kh nng hoc thnh tch nghin cu. V vy, xy

ra mt s trng hp ging vin trnh cao s khng gn b vi nh trng lu di,

khng c cng trnh nghin cu khoa hc v trn ht l khng c tnh yu ngh xut

pht t cc chnh sch ca nh trng. khc phc vn ny ngui ging vin

cn c s h tr rt nhiu t pha Ban lnh o nh trng.

Nh trng phi u tin tuyn dng ging vin c kinh nghim ging dy, c

nhiu kinh nghim thc t. Theo kt qu kho st, sinh vin cho rng ging vin ca trng

khng c kinh nghim thc t, ch dy nhng g c trong sch. Sinh vin khng hnh dung

c hc s ng dng vo u. Ging vin cn m h v ci m mnh mun truyn t th hi

-61-

sinh vin lm sao m hiu c, nhiu ging vin cn qu tr, cha c t g v kinh nghim

ging dy v kinh nghim thc t cng c b tr ging dy nn gia ging vin v sinh vin

i khi c bt ng, mu thun t cch xng h cho ti vic ging dy.

Hn ch vic thnh ging. Nh trng mi ging vin thnh ging qu nhiu

lm cho gi gic ca sinh vin b xo trn, teo tp bi ging vin thng xuyn thay i lch

hc, ct xn gi thc hnh, gii bi tp. Mong Ban gim hiu chn chnh kp thi v c bin

php gim st cc ging vin thnh ging tt hn.

i vi sinh vin trng i hc Tin Giang

- Sinh vin cn ch ng trong hc tp , rn luyn ti trng ni chung v

bn ngoi x hi ni ring. Nng cao thc hc tt, chp hnh nghim chnh ni quy ca

nh trng. C gng ch ng hon thin cc kin thc, k nng chuyn mn, ch ng

cho qu trnh ha nhp vi x hi sau khi tt nghip. Ngy nay, vic t hc, t nghin

cu, t hon thin bn thn rt thun li v sinh vin c kh nng tip cn vi kho tng tri

thc nhn loi mi lc mi ni v nhanh chng.

- Sinh vin nn tm cho mnh mt cng vic lm thm, c vic lm thm sinh

vin s phn no ci thin c cuc sng kh khn ca mnh, quan trng hn l sinh

vin s linh hot hn, c c hi ha nhp vo x hi tt hn vi nhng kinh nghim tch

ly t thc t.

- Ch ng tham gia hc nhm, nghin cu khoa hc theo nhm. Sinh vin s

t hon thin k nng lm vic theo nhm, c kh nng hp tc vi ngi khc to ra cc

sn phm sng to. iu ny rt hu ch i vi sinh vin, s mi khng c mt quyn

sch hay ngi thy c th lm thay sinh vin tt hn vic sinh vin ch ng tham gia.

i vi hot ng Qun l o to v h tr o to

Nh trng cn phi u t nng cp, m rng c s vt cht, trang

thit b: phng hc phi rng ri, thong mt, m bo cho nhu cu hc tp ca mt s

lng ln sinh vin; phng thc hnh phi c y dng c cn thit; phng th

nghim phi c y my mc hin i p ng nhu cu nghin cu; th vin phi

nhiu v s lng v a dng v lnh vc chuyn ngnh tha mn c nhu cu tham

-62-

kho, hc tp v tra cu ca sinh vin.

Nng cao mc p ng ca nh trng: Ban lnh o nh trng/ Ban

ch nhim Khoa cn phi c nhng hnh ng thit thc nng cao cht lng o

to ca mt chng trnh ni ring v ca mt trng H ni chung. Thit k khung

chng trnh thch hp, kin thc hin i v ph hp vi nhu cu x hi l mt trong

nhng yu t quan trng nht p ng cc k vng ca sinh vin. Tip theo l c

nhng hnh thc h tr ging vin h c c hi nng cao trnh chuyn mn,

pht huy c th mnh ca tri thc khoa hc trong tt c cc lnh vc nhm nng

cao v th ca trng trong nc, trong khu vc cng nh trn th gii. Thc t c

rt nhiu ging vin ca trng c nhng thnh tu, nhng ng gp to ln cho

kho tng tri thc nhn loi c ghi nhn cng lao. S thnh cng ca ging vin

khng ch mang vinh d v cho c nhn h m cn gp phn khng nh vo vic nng

cao danh ting ca trng trn th gii. Do , yu t ny cn phi c ch trng v

pht huy hn na.

Bn cnh , vic tm hiu nhng k vng, nhng cm nhn ca i

tng m mnh ang phc v l mt hot ng khng th thiu trong qu trnh nng

cao cht lng o to ca nh trng. t c iu ny th nh trng cn phi

nh k ly kin sinh vin, tm hiu nhng k vng v p ng mt cch hiu qu nht

mc hi lng ca sinh vin ngy cng c ci thin. Vic tm hiu k vng v

cm nhn ca sinh vin i vi nh trng cng gip nh qun l hiu r hn v tm

cch p ng mt cch tt nht i vi i tng m mnh ang phc v.

Xy dng h thng m bo cht lng trong nh trng: s c mt

n v chuyn mn m trch cng vic nh gi v theo di cht lng sinh vin tt

nghip, nh gi v gim st cht lng ging dy, thu thp kin sinh vin v hot

ng o to ca nh trng, tin hnh t nh gi ton b cc hot ng ca nh

trng.

63

TI LIU THAM KHO

Ti liu ting Vit

1. V Th Phng Anh (2008), m bo cht lng gio dc H ti Vit

Nam vi yu cu hi nhp, Trung tm Kho th v m bo Cht lng o

to, HQG TP.HCM.

2. Nguyn Kim Dung (2010), Kho st mc hi lng ca sinh vin v cht

lng ging dy v qun l ca mt s trng H Vit Nam, K yu hi tho

khoa hc nh gi Xp hng cc trng H v cao ng Vit Nam, trang

203-209.

3. Trn Xun Kin (2009), nh gi s hi lng ca sinh vin v cht lng o

to ti Trng H Kinh t v Qun tr Kinh doanh H Thi Nguyn,

Lun vn Thc s Qun l gio dc, Vin m bo Cht lng Gio dc,

HQG H Ni.

4. L Th Tuyt Hn (2008), o lng mc hi lng khch hng v dch v giao

nhn hng khng ti Cng ty c phn giao nhn vn ti v thng mi Vinalink,

Lun vn thc s- H kinh t Tp. HCM

5. L Vn Huy (2005), S dng ch s hi lng ca khch hng trong hoch nh

chin lc kinh doanh ngn hng : cch tip cn m hnh l thuyt, ti nghin

cu Trng H Kinh t, H Nng.

6. Nguyn Thnh Long (2006), S dng thang o SERVPERF nh gi cht

lng o to H ti trng HAG, Bo co nghin cu khoa hc, trng

H An Giang.

7. Dng Tn Tn (2010), Cc yu t tc ng n s hi lng ca sinh vin nm 3

v nm 4 ti trng H Kinh t, H Nng, ti nghin cu khoa hc.

8. Nguyn Ngc Tho (2008), S hi lng v cht lng o to ca sinh vin

khoa Qun tr Bnh vin, trng H Hng Vng, Bo co nghin cu khoa

hc, trng H Hng Vng.

64

9. Nguyn Th Trang (2010), Xy dng m hnh nh gi mc hi lng ca sinh

vin vi cht lng o to ti trng H Kinh t, H Nng, ti nghin

cu khoa hc.

10. Hong Trng & Chu Nguyn Mng Ngc (2005), Phn tch d liu nghin

cu vi SPSS, Nxb Thng K.

Ti liu ting nc ngoi

11. Aitken, N. (1982). College student performance, satisfaction, and retention:

Specification and estimation of a structural model. Journal of Higher Education,

53(1) 32-50.

12. Aldridge, S., & Rowley, J. (1998). Measuring customer satisfaction in higher

education. Quality Assurance in Education, 6(4), 197-204.

13. Alves, H.,& Raposo, M. (2007). Conceptual model of student satisfaction in

higher education. Total Quality Management, 18(5), 571-588.

14. Appleton-Knapp, S. L., & Krentler, K. A. (2006). Measuring student expectations

and their effects on satisfaction: The importance of managing student

expectations. Journal of Marketing Education, Dec, 28(3), 254-264.

15. Athiyaman, A. (1997). Linking student satisfaction and service quality

perceptions: The case of university education. European Journal of Marketing,

31(7), 528-540.

16. DeShields, O. W., Kara, A., & Kaynak, E. (2005). Determinants of business

student satisfaction and retention in higher education: Applying Herzbergs two-

factor theory. International Journal of Educational Management, 19(2), 128-139.

17. Elliott, K. M., & Healy, M. A. (2001). Key factors influencing student

satisfaction related to recruitment retentio

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