Cable Glands in Hazardous Areas CCG Presentation

8/13/2019 Cable Glands in Hazardous Areas CCG Presentation

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Captive Component Glands


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Captive Component GlandsCCG Started operationsCCG Started operations

in 1972in 1972

100% privately owned100% privately owned

The largest cable GlandThe largest cable Gland

Manufacturer in theManufacturer in the

Southern HemisphereSouthern Hemisphere

One of the Largest inOne of the Largest in

the worldthe world


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CCG is The Largest SupplierCCG is The Largest Supplierof IEC Type Cable Glandsof IEC Type Cable Glands

to the Metals, Miningto the Metals, Mining

and Minerals Industryand Minerals Industry

in the world.in the world.

One of the Fastest GrowingOne of the Fastest Growing

Suppliers of Ex CertifiedSuppliers of Ex Certified

Cable Glands to theCable Glands to thePetrochemical IndustryPetrochemical Industry


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ISO 9001 Listed Company withISO 9001 Listed Company with

Underwriters Laboratory USAUnderwriters Laboratory USA

Products Tested and Certified toProducts Tested and Certified toIEC, Chinese, South African,IEC, Chinese, South African,

ATEX and Australian StandardsATEX and Australian Standards


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Worldwide Offices, WarehousingWorldwide Offices, Warehousingand Distributionand Distribution


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EN50262

European cable gland

standard defines a cable glandas A device designed topermit the entry of a cableentry of a cable,flexible cable or insulated

conductor into an enclosureand which provides sealingprovides sealing

and retentionand retention. It may alsoprovide other functions such

as earthearth bonding,bonding,insulation,insulation, cable guarding,guarding,

strain reliefstrain relief or acombination of these.

DEFINITIONS OF A CABLE GLANDDEFINITIONS OF A CABLE GLANDDEFINITIONS OF A CABLE GLAND


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International standard for

Electrical Apparatus forexplosive gas atmospheresdefines a cable gland as adevice permitting theintroduction of one or morecables into an electricalapparatus so as to maintainmaintain

the relevant type ofthe relevant type ofprotectionprotection

DEFINITIONS OF A CABLE GLANDDEFINITIONS OF A CABLE GLANDDEFINITIONS OF A CABLE GLAND

IEC 60079IEC 60079--00


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In hazardous areas all Ex equipment needs to be

installed and operate correctly according to thecertification of the equipment.


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We Are All in the Business ofWe Are All in the Business ofPreventing This!Preventing This!


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The Problem of Loose ComponentsThe Problem of Loose Components

Almost all Ex glands have loose components such as seals, cones and conerings, all of which must be correctly installed on site. Losing one of thesecomponents invalidates the Ex certification of the gland and theequipment its connected to.

Two Part Captive Component Gland

Glands with loose components


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The Problem at installationThe Problem at installation

If cable gland components areleft out during installation, the Ex

certification of the apparatus towhich they are attached will becompromised.This cannot happen with 2 partCaptive Component Glands

2 part CaptiveComponent Gland

Gland with loosecomponents

Gland assembled on Exd enclosurewith components missing

Exd Glands on an Exd enclosure


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TYPICAL EX CERTIFIED CABLE GLAND CONSTRUCTIONTYPICAL EX CERTIFIED CABLE GLAND CONSTRUCTION

Armoured Cable Gland


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Unarmoured Cable Gland

TYPICAL EX CERTIFIED CABLE GLAND CONSTRUCTIONTYPICAL EX CERTIFIED CABLE GLAND CONSTRUCTION


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Exe: Increased safetyIncreased safety the gland must be IP54IP54 minimum but

practically should be IP66IP66.

ExnR: NonNon--sparkingsparking and restricted breathingrestricted breathing the Gland must be IP68

Exd: FlameproofFlameproof. Gland seals must withstand internal explosionsof 30 Bar Pressure and fulfill all flame-path requirements.

Exde: Equipment has both Exe and Exd protection concepts ofwhich the Exd enclosures are normally smaller than 2enclosures are normally smaller than 2--litreslitres

volume.volume.

SELECTION and INSTALLATION:SELECTION and INSTALLATION:SELECTION and INSTALLATION:

A cable gland must always match or bettermatch or better the IP andexplosion proof rating of the equipment it is beingattached to.

Equipment


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Exd for use in zones 1 and 2

IEC 60079-1

Flameproof

Defined As the type ofprotection in which the parts

which can ignite an explosiveatmosphere are placed in anenclosure which can withstandwithstand

the pressurethe pressure developed during

an internal explosion of anexplosive structure and which

prevents the transmissionprevents the transmission ofthe explosion to the explosive

atmosphere surrounding theenclosure.

PROTECTION CONCEPT:PROTECTIONPROTECTION CONCEPTCONCEPT::


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Exe for use in Zones 1 and 2

IEC 60079-7

Increased safety

Defined as the type ofprotection applied to electrical

apparatus in which additionalmeasures are applied so as togive increased securityincreased security

againstagainst the possibility of

excessive temperaturesexcessive temperatures andof the occurrence of arcs andoccurrence of arcs and

sparkssparks in normal service orunder specific abnormalconditions.

PROTECTION CONCEPT:PROTECTION CONCEPT:PROTECTION CONCEPT:


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PROTECTION CONCEPT:PROTECTION CONCEPT:

ExnAExnA non sparkingnon sparking

ExnRExnR restricted breathingrestricted breathing

IEC 60079IEC 60079--1515

Similar concept to ExeSimilar concept to Exe

however with lowerhowever with lower

requirements andrequirements and only allowedonly allowed

to be used in Zoneto be used in Zone--22


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PROTECTION CONCEPT:PROTECTION CONCEPT:

ExiExi for use in zones 0, 1 and 2for use in zones 0, 1 and 2

IEC 60079IEC 60079--1111

Intrinsic safetyIntrinsic safety

This concept removes the ignitionThis concept removes the ignition

source from a potential explosionsource from a potential explosionthrough thethrough the prevention of highfault currents and voltages


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IEC 61241IEC 61241--11--11

Electrical apparatus for useElectrical apparatus for use

in the presence ofin the presence of

combustible dust.combustible dust.This protection concept isThis protection concept is

designed around high IPdesigned around high IP

ratingsratings

PROTECTION CONCEPT:PROTECTION CONCEPT:PROTECTION CONCEPT:

ExtD (old DIP)


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SELECTION and INSTALLATIONSELECTION and INSTALLATIONSELECTION and INSTALLATION

Cable:Cable:

TypeType of cableof cable, armoured orunarmoured?

SizingSizing over the inner sheathinner sheath

and outer sheathand outer sheath.

ShapeShape and construction ofthe cable. Is the cable

round, filled and nonhygroscopic?


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Pros

Fast, easy installation. Lower costs.

Cons

No protection againstmechanical damage.

UNARMOUREDUNARMOURED CABLECABLE

Used in Europe and some parts of the Middle East, Australasia and Africa.


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Pros Gives good earth continuity. Mechanical Protection.

Cons Special care must be

taken when preparingthe cable.

ARMOUREDARMOURED CABLECABLE

Used in the UK, Commonwealth Countries, Middle East, Australasiaand Africa.


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SQUARENOTROUND

VOIDS

UNFILLED CABLE

CABLE QUALITY ??CABLE QUALITY ??


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SELECTION and INSTALLATIONSELECTION and INSTALLATION

Entry threads.

When selecting cable glands one must make sure that the

entry thread always matches the entry thread of the

Apparatus.Threads could be NPT, BSP or Metric .


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Entry threads:

Equipment can originate frommany parts of the world. IEC

and EN based equipment isnormally ISO metric. Howeverother threads such as NPT, PGNPT, PG

and BSPand BSP are also available andcare must be taken to correctlycorrectly

identify these threadsidentify these threads and acertified thread adaptor used.

It is very easy to mistake themas such. An interface betweenAn interface between

NPT and metric will not form aNPT and metric will not form aflameproof path.flameproof path.


20 mmMETRIC

1/2 NPT


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IIIIAA IIIICC

RISK ASSESSMENT


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ExeExe EXdEXd

RISK ASSESSMENTRISK ASSESSMENT


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ENVIRONMENTAL:

CorrosionCorrosion is the single biggest cause of equipment failuresingle biggest cause of equipment failure.

Great care must be taken when selecting glands for highlycorrosives locations.



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ENVIRONMENTAL:

One must also be aware of Electrolytic Action between 2 dissimilarElectrolytic Action between 2 dissimilar

metalsmetals such as brass and aluminium. Naked brass glands are notrecommended and should be platedshould be plated. The use of proper IP ratedand corrosion proof glands must be considered.



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ENVIRONMENTAL:

ChemicalsChemicals such as hydrochloric acid nitric acid,

ammonia, hydrogen sulphide, caustic soda aggressivelyaggressivelyattack brass cable glands.attack brass cable glands.



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An explosion in the Exd enclosure can propagate down the


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An explosion in the Exd enclosure can propagate down the

interstices of the cable causing damage to the cable as well

as forcing pressure into a non certified enclosure.

Exd enclosure

Hazardous AreaHazardous Area Safe Area

Non Ex EnclosureNon Ex Enclosure

E d BARRIER CABLE GLAND CONSTRUCTIONE d BARRIER CABLE GLAND CONSTRUCTION


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Exd BARRIER CABLE GLAND CONSTRUCTIONExd BARRIER CABLE GLAND CONSTRUCTION

BarrierTex-A Cable Gland ~ Armoured Cable


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INSTALLATIONINSTALLATION


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INSTALLATIONINSTALLATION

Training and competency of persons involved.

Codes of practice as per the IEC standards and

manufacturers instructions and certifications. Any modification to Ex Cable Glands is not allowed.

5 full threads must be engaged on entry threads.

IP rating of minimum IP54 but practically IP66. Different threads may necessitate thread

converters.

Cable support may be needed depending on thecable type.

The correct tools must be used.

Other Factors to consider for the safe installation of Ex Cable Glands

INSPECTION and MAINTENANCE


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(a) Initial Inspections:-These inspections are directly related to required inspections beforeinspections before

equipment will be commissionedequipment will be commissioned for the first time e.g. on cable glandson cable glands

checking that the marking and certification is correctchecking that the marking and certification is correct, checking tightnessand that all components have been correctly fitted and not left outall components have been correctly fitted and not left out.

(b) Periodic Inspections:-It stipulates that the interval between periodic inspections shall not exceed

two yearstwo years, and shall be shorter if the

deterioration of the apparatusdeterioration of the apparatus

could influence explosion protection sooner.

(c) Sample inspections:-Sample inspections are inspections of a portion of the installeda portion of the installed

apparatusapparatus. This can be visual, close or detailedvisual, close or detailed. The size andcomposition of all samples should be determined taking into account thepurpose of the inspection. The result of all sample inspections should berecorded.

INSPECTION and MAINTENANCE

GRADES OF INSPECTIONGRADES OF INSPECTIONGRADES OF INSPECTION


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VISUAL INSPECTION:

Visual inspections take note of all

defects which can be determinedby a visual approach either fromthe ground or from permanentaccess platforms, without the useof hand tools, without switching offand without climbing or usingladders. Binoculars and remoteheat detecting equipment may beuseful in some situations. In theIn the

case of a cable entry device nocase of a cable entry device nodismantling is required.dismantling is required.




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CLOSE INSPECTION:

Close inspections determinewhere any defects, includingthose detectable visually, maybe detected without removingpower. This may involve the

use of some tools, ladders andother access mediums. In theIn the

case of a cable entry devicecase of a cable entry device

a general check ona general check on

tightness is required.tightness is required.




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DETAILED INSPECTION:

Detailed inspections are also carriedout at major shut down periods,

normally on a sample basis. Theyinclude the disconnection of power andinclude opening up equipment. Accessequipment, tools and test equipmentmay be used. In case of a cableIn case of a cable

entry devices: check tightness ofentry devices: check tightness of

cable glands (using a tool). If thecable glands (using a tool). If the

corrosion is a possibility, partiallycorrosion is a possibility, partially

dismantle the gland to check thedismantle the gland to check the

earthingearthing of cable armour onto theof cable armour onto thegland.gland.



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Bad Installations!!Bad Installations!!

The Wrong Size Cable GlandThe Wrong Size Cable Gland


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ProblemProblem SolutionSolution

Tight bending Radius and CorrosionTight bending Radius and Corrosion CCG Corrosion GuardCCG Corrosion Guard

d ll i


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Severe corrosion to Cable GlandsSevere corrosion to Cable Glands CCG Corrosion GuardCCG Corrosion Guard

d ll iB d I t ll ti !!


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Severe corrosion, Glands notSevere corrosion, Glands not

Terminated, unused entriesTerminated, unused entries

arenarent pluggedt plugged

Corrosion proof enclosuresCorrosion proof enclosures

all glands terminated all unusedall glands terminated all unused

entries pluggedentries plugged


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B d I t ll ti !!B d I t ll ti !!


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Corroded GlandsCorroded Glands CCG Corrosion Guard GlandCCG Corrosion Guard Gland

B d I t ll ti !!B d I t ll ti !!


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Loose Fitting ShroudsLoose Fitting Shrouds CCG Screw On Corrosion GuardCCG Screw On Corrosion Guard

B d I t ll ti !!Bad Installations!!


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Taping a GlandTaping a Gland CCG Corrosion Guard GlandCCG Corrosion Guard Gland

Loose Components in GlandsLoose Components in Glands


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Loose Components in GlandsLoose Components in Glands

Can be left outCan be left out

The Problem of Loose ComponentsThe Problem of Loose Components


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pp

Almost all Ex glands have loose components such as seals, cones and conerings, all of which must be correctly installed on site. Losing one of thesecomponents invalidates the Ex certification of the gland and theequipment its connected to.

Two Part Captive Component Gland

Glands with loose components

The Problem at installationThe Problem at installation


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If cable gland components areleft out during installation, the Excertification of the apparatus to

which they are attached will becompromised.This cannot happen with 2 partCaptive Component Glands

2 part CaptiveComponent Gland Gland with loosecomponents Gland assembled on Exd enclosurewith components missing

Exd Glands on an Exd enclosure


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Captive Component Glands


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Cable Glands in Hazardous Areas CCG Presentation

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