CAA2015 KEEP THE RE~LUTION GOING >>>

Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Conference on Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods In Archaeology

edited by

Stefano Campana, Roberto Scopigno, Gabriella Carpentiero and Marianna Cirillo

Volumes 1 and 2

CAA2015 KEEP THE RE~LUTION GOING >>>

PROCEEDINGS OF THE 43RD ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER APPLICATIONS AND QQANTITATIVE

METHODS IN ARCHAEOLOGY

edited by

Stefano Campana, Roberto Scopigno, Gabriella Carpentiero and Marianna Cirillo

Volume 1

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Table of Contents

Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................. ix

Stefano Campana, Roberto Scopigno

Introductory Speech •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• x

Professor Gabriella Piccinni

Foreword ...................................................................................................................................................................... xi

Professor Emanuele Papi

Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................................................... xii

CHAPTER 1 TEACHING AND COMMUNICATING DIGITAL ARCHAEOLOGY ..................................................................... 1

From the Excavation to the Scale Model: a Digital Approach .............................................................................................. 3

Herve Troncb.ere, Emma Bouvard, Stephane Mor, Aude Fernagu, Jules Ramona

Teaching Digital Archaeology Digitally ............................................................................................................................ 11

Ronald Visser, Wilko van Zijverden, Pim Alders

3D Archaeology Learning at the Paris 1 Pantheon Sorbonne University ............................................................................. 17

Fran~is Djindjian

How to Teach GIS to Archaeologists ............................................................................................................................... 21

KIZysztofMisiewicz, Wieslaw Malk:owski, Miron Bogacki, Urszula Zawadzka-Pawlewska, Julia M. Chyla

Utilisation of a Game Engine for Archaeological VIsualisation ......................................................................................... 27

Teija Oikarinen

The Interplay of Digital and Traditional Craft: re-creating an Authentic Pictish Drinking Horn Fitting ................................... 35

Dr Mhairi Maxwell, Jennifer Gray, Dr Martin Goldberg

Computer Applications for Multisensory Communication on Cultural Heritage .................................................................. 41

Lucia Sarti, Stefania Poesini, Vmcenzo De Troia, Paolo Machetti

Interactive Communication and Cultural Heritage ........................................................................................................... 51

Tommaso Empler, Mattia Fabrizi

Palaeontology 2.0- Public Awareness of Palaeontological Sites Through New Technologies ............................................... 59

Tommaso Empler, Fabio Quici, Luca Bellucci

Lucus Feronioe and Tiber Volley Virtual Museum: from Documentation and 3d Reconstruction, Up to a Novel

Approach in Storytelling, Combining Virtual Reality, Theatrical and Cinematographic Rules, Gesture-based

Interaction and Augmented Perception ofthe Archaeological Context ........................................................................ 67

Eva Pie1roni, Daniele Ferdani, Augusto Palombini, Massimiliano Forlani, Claudio Rufa

CHAPTER 2 MODELLING THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL PROCESS ............................................................................................ 79

Principal Component Analysis of Archaeological Data ..................................................................................................... 81

Juhana Kammonen, Tarja Sundell

iT-assisted Exploration of Excavation Reports. Using Natural language Processing In the Archaeological Research Process ... 87

Christian Chiarcos, Matthias Lang, Philip Verhagen

A 3d Visual and Geometrical Approach to Epigraphic Studies. The Soli (Cyprus) Inscription as a Case Study ........................ 95

Valentina Vassallo, Elena Christophorou, Sorin Hermon, Lola Vico, Giancarlo Iannone

Modelling the Archaeological Record: a Look from the Levant. Past and Future Approaches ............................................ 103

Sveta Matskevich. Ilan Sharon

3D Reconstitution of the Loyola Sugar Plantation and VIrtual Reality Applications ........................................................... 117

Barreau J.B., Petit Q., Bernard Y., Auger R., Le Roux Y., Gaugne R., Gouranton V.

Integrated Survey Techniques for the Study of an Archaeological Site of Medieval Morocco ............................................. 125

Lorenzo Teppati Lose

CHAPTER 3 INTERDISCIPLINARY METHODS OF DATA RECORDING ............................................................................. 131

3-Dimensional Archaeolosical Excavation of Burials Utilizing Computed Tomosraphy lmaging ......................................... 133

Tiina Viire, Sanna Lipkin, Jaakk:o Niinimii.ki, Sirpa Niinimiki, Titta Kallio-Seppi, Juho-Antti Junno, Milton Nilliez, Markku Niskanen, Matti Heino, Annemari Tranberg, Saara Tuovinen, Rosa Vilkama, Timo Ylimaunu

Palaeoenvironmental Records and Php Possibilities: Results and Perspectives on an On line Bioarcheolosical Database ..... 143

Enora Maguet, Jean-Baptiste Barreau, Chantal Leroyer

Integrated Methodolosles for the Reconstruction of the Ancient City of Llxus (Morocco) ................................................. 157

Cynthia Mascione, Rossella Pansini, Luca Passalacqua

A Dig in the Archive. The Mertens Archive of Herdonia Excavations: from Digitisation to Communication ......................... 167

Giuliano De Felice, Andrea Fratta

Archaeological and Physicochemical Approaches to the Territory: On-site Analysis and Multidisciplinary Data bases

for the Reconstruction of Historical Landscapes ....................................................................................................... 177

Luisa Dallai, Alessandro Donati, Vanessa Volpi, Andrea Bardi

Interdisciplinary Methods of Data Recording, Management and Preservation ................................................................ 187

Marta Lorenzon, Cindy Nelson-Vilj oen

Driving Engagement In Heritage Sites Using Personal Mobile Technology ........................................................................ 191

Thorn Corah, Douglas Cawthome

A Conceptual and Visual Proposal to Decouple Material and Interpretive Information About Stratigraphic Data ............... 201

Patricia Martin-Rodilla, Cesar Gonzalez-Perez, Patricia Mafiana-Borrazas

Recording, Preserving and Interpreting a Medieval ArchaeolosicaiSite by Integrating Different 3d Technolosies ............... 213

Daniele Ferdani, Giovanna Bianchi

A 3D Digital Approach to Study, Analyse and (Re)lnterpret Cultural Heritage: the Case Study of Ayla lrlnl (Cyprus

and Sweden) ......................................................................................................................................................... 227

Valentina Vassallo

CHAPTER4 LINKING DATA .................................................................................................................................................. 233

Beyond the Space: The LoCioud Historical Place Names Micro-Service ............................................................................ 235

Rimvydas Laufikas, Ingrida Vosyliute, Justinas Jaronis

Using CIDOC CRM for Dynamically Querying ArSol, a Relational Database, from the Semantic Web .................................. 241

Olivier Marlet, Stephane Curet, Xavier Rodier, Beatrice Bouchou-Markhoff

Connecting Cultural Heritage Data: The Syrian Heritage ProJect In the IT Infrastructure of the German

Archaeological Institute ......................................................................................................................................... 251

Sebastian Cuy, Philipp Gerth, Reinhard Fortsch

The Labelling System: A Bottom-up Approach for Enriched Vocabularies in the Humanities ............................................. 259

Florian Thiery, Thomas Engel

Providing 3D Content to Europeans ............................................................................................................................. 269

Andrea D' Andrea

How To Move from Relational to 5 Star Unked Open Data -A Numismatic Example ........................................................ 275

Karsten Tolle, David Wigg-Wolf

Homogenization ofthe Archaeological Cartographic Data on a National Scale In Italy ...................................................... 283

Giovanni Azzena, Roberto Busonera, Federico Nurra, Enrico Petruzzi

The GIS for the 'Forma ltaliae' Project. From the GIS of the Ager Venusinus Project to the GIS of the Ager Lucerinus

Project: Evolution of the System ............................................................................................................................ 293

Maria Luisa Marchi, Giovanni Forte

GIS, An Answer to the Challe11Je of Preventive Archaeology? The Attempts of the French National Institute for

Preventive Archaeology (lnrap) .............................................................................................................................. 303

AnneMoreau

Dynamic Distributions in Macro and Micro Perspective ................................................................................................ 309

Espen Uleberg, Mieko Matsumoto

CHAPTER 5 NEW TRENDS IN 3D ARCHAEOLOGY ........................................................................................................... 319

Hand-free Interaction in the Virtual Simulation ofthe Agora of Segesta .......................................................................... 321

Riccardo Olivito, Emanuele Taccola, Niccolo Albertini

Master-Hand Attributions of Classical Greek Sculptors by 3D-Analysis at Olympia - Some Preliminary Remarks ................. 329

A. Patay-Horvath

Using 3D Models to Analyse Stratlgraphlc and Sedlmentologlcal Contexts In Archaeo-Palaeo-Anthropologlcal

Pleistocene Sites (Gran Dolina Site, Sierra De Atapuerca) ......................................................................................... 337

I. Campaiia, A. Benito-Calvo, A. Perez-Gonzalez, A. I. Ortega, J.M. BermUdez de Castro, E. Carbonell

Establishing Parameter Values for the Stone Erosion Process ......................................................................................... 347

Igor Barros Barbosa, K.idane Fanta Gebremariam, Panagiotis Perakis, Christian Schellewald, Theoharis Theoharis

The New Trend of 3D Archaeology is ... Going ZDI ......................................................................................................... 363

Giuliano De Felice

Documentation and Analysis Workflow for the On-going Archaeological Excavation with Image-Based 3d

Modelling Technique: the Case-study of the Medieval Site of Monteleo, Italy ........................................................... 369

Giulio Poggi

3D Technology Applied to Quantification Studies of Pottery: Eve 2.0 .............................................................................. 377

Miguel Busto-Zapico, Miguel Carrero-Pazos

3D Record Ins of Archaeoloslcal Excavation: the case of Study of Santa Marta, Tuscany, Italy ........................................... 383

Matteo Sordini, Francesco Brogi, Stefano Campana

Visual Space, Defence, Control and Communication: Towers and Fortresses System of the Tuscan Coastal Belt and Islands 393

Michele De Silva

CHAPTER& INTEGRATING 3D DATA .................................................................................................................................. 397

Photomodelllng And Point Cloud Processing. Application In the Survey of the Roman Theatre of Uthlna (Tunisia)

Architectural Elements .. .. .. .................................................................................................................................... 399

Meriem Zammel

Deconstructi111 Archaeolosical Palimpsests: Applicability of GIS Algorithms for the Automated Generation of Cross

Sections ...................... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ........................................................................ 407

Miquel Roy Sunyer

Pompeii, the Domus of Stallius Eras: a Comparison Between Terrestrial and Aerial Low-cost Surveys ............................... 415

Angela Bosco, Marco Barbarino, Rosario Valentini, Andrea D ' Andrea

Pottery Goes Digital. 3D Laser Scannlns Technology and the Study of Archaeological Ceramics ........................................ 421

Martina Revello Lami, Loes Opgenhaffen, Ivan K.isjes

ARIADNE Visual Media SeNice: Easy Web Publishing of Advanced Visual Media ............................................................ 433

Federico Ponchio, Marco Potenziani, Matteo Dellepiane, Marco Callieri, Roberto Scopigno

Mapping Archaeological Data bases to CIDOC CRM ........................................................................................................ 443

MartinDoerr, Maria Theodoridou, EdeltraudAspock, AnjaMasur

Scientific Data sets In Archaeological Research .............................................................................................................. 453

Nikolaos A. Kazak:is, Nestor C. Tsirliganis

iii

CHAPTER 7 SPATIAL ANALYSIS: THEORIES, QUESTIONS AND METHODS ................................................................... 461

Fuzzy Classification of Gallinazo and Mochica Ceramics in the North Coast, Peru Using the Jaccard Coefficient .................. 463

Kayeleigh Sharp

Dynamics ofthe Settlement Pattern In the Aksum Area (800-400 Be). an ABM Preliminary Approach ............................... 473

Martina Graniglia, Gilda Ferrandino, Antonella Palomba, Luisa Sernicola, Giuseppe Zollo, Andrea D' Andrea, Rodolfo Fatto­

vich, Andrea Manzo

An Application of Agent-Based Modelling and GIS In Mlnoan Crete ................................................................................ 479

Angelos Chliaoutakis, Georgios Chalkiadakis, Apostolos Sarris

Evaluating the Crisis: Population and Land Productivity in Late MedievaiSalento, Italy .................................................... 489

Giuseppe Muci

When GIS Goes to the Countryside: Detecting and Interpreting Roman Orchards from the 'Grand Palais' (Dr6me, France). 499

Cbristophe Landry, Bertrand Moulin

GIS Applications and Spatial Analysis for the Survey of the Prehistoric Northern Apennlne Context: the case Study

of the Mugello in Tuscany ..................................................................................................................................... 517

Andrea Capecchi, Michele De Silva, Fabio Martini, Lucia Sarti

The Statistics ofTime-to-Event. Integrating the Bayeslan Analysis of Radiocarbon Data and Event History Analysis

Methods ............................................................................................................................................................... 533

Juan Antonio Barcel6, Giacomo Capuzzo, Berta Morell, Katia Francesca Achino, Agueda Lozano

Hypothesis Testing and Validation in Archaeological Networks ...................................................................................... 543

Peter Bikoulis

Travellng Across Archaeological Landscapes: the Contribution of Hierarchical Communication Networks .......................... 555

Sylviane Dederix

Dispersal Versus Optimal Path Calculation .................................................................................................................... 567

Irm.ela Herzog

VIsibility Analysis and the Definition ofthe llergetlan Territory: the Case of Montderes ................................................... 579

NUria Otero Herraiz

CHAPTERS SPATIAL ANALYSIS: PREDICTIVITY AND POSTDICTIVITY IN ARCHAEOLOGY .......................................... 591

Predictivity- Postdictivity: a Theoretical Framework ..................................................................................................... 593

Antonia Arnoldus-Huyzendveld, Carlo Citter, Giovanna Pizziolo

Predicting and Postdlctlng a Roman Road In the Pre-pyrenees Area of Uelda (Spain) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ......................................... 599

Antonio Porcheddu

Predict and Confirm: Bayesian Survey and Excavation at Three Candidate Sites for Late Neolithic Occupation in

Wadi Quseiba, Jordan .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .................................................................................................................... 605

Philip M.N. Hitchings, Peter Bikoulis, Steven Edwards, Edward B. Banning

Predicting Survey Coverage through calibration: Sweep Widths and Survey In Cyprus and Jordan ................................... 613

Sarah T. Stewart, Edward B. Banning, Steven Edwards, Philip M.N. Hitchings, Peter Bikoulis

Estimating The 'Memory of Landscape' to Predict Changes in Archaeological Settlement Patterns ................................... 623

Philip Verhagen, Laure Nuninger, FredCrique Bertoncello, Angelo Castrorao Barba

On Their Way Home .•• A Network Analysis of Medieval caravanserai Distribution In the Syrian Region, According

to an lD Approach .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ........................................................................................................................ 637

Augusto Palombini, Cinzia Tavernari

Modelling Regional Landscape Through the Predictive and Postdictive Exploration of Settlement Choices: a

Theoretical Framework . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .................................................................................................................. 647 Emeri Farinetti

Site Location Modelling and Prediction on Early Byzantine Crete: Methods Employed, Challenges Encountered ............... 659

Kayt Armstrong, Christina Tsigonaki, Apostolos Sarris, Nadia Coutsinas

iv ·­·­·-

Potential Paths and the Historical Road Network between Italy and Egypt: from the Predictive to the Postdictlve

Approach .............................................................................................................................................................. 669 Andrea Patacchini, Giulia Nicatore

CHAPTER 9 SPATIAL ANALYSIS: OCCUPATION FLOORS AND PALAEOSURFACES IN THE DIGITAL ERA ................... 683

Ritual use of Romlto cave Durl111 the Late Upper Palaeollthlc: an Integrated Approach for Spatial Reconstruction ............ 685

Michele De Silva, Giovanna Pizziolo, Domenico Lo Vetro, Vmcenzo De Troia, Paolo Machetti, Enrico F. Ortisi, Fabio Martini

Visualizing Occupation Features in Homogenous Sediments. Examples from the Late Middle Palaeolithic of Grotte De La Verpllll~re 11, Bu1Jundy, France ...................................................................................................................... 699

Jens Axel Frick

A New Palaeolithic Burial From Grotta Del Romito (calabria, Italy). A Dicital Restitution ................................................. 715 Francesco Enrico Ortisi, Dom.enico Lo Vetro, Giovanna Pizziolo, Michele De Silva, Claudia Striuli,

Pier Francesco Fabbri, Fabio Martini

Predicting the Accumulative Consequences of Abandonment Processes. Intra-site Analysis of Lakeslde Settlements ......... 723 Katia Francesca Achino, Juan Antonio Barcel6, Micaela Angle

Reconstructinc the Boom of Prehistoric Hunter-Gatherer Population Size in Finland by Agent and Equation-Based Modelling ............................................................................................................................................................. 733

Tatja Sundell, Martin Heger, Juhana Kammonen

Archaeology, Geomorphology and Palaeosurfaces Studies: a Mu ltidisciplinary Approach for Understanding the Ancient Laos Territory ............................................................................................................................................ 739

Vmcenzo Amato, Cristiano Benedetto De Vita, Francesca Filocamo, Alfonso Santoriello, Francesco Uliano Scelza

lntraslte Analysis In the Florentlne Plain: from Data Integration to Palaeosurfaces Interpretation .................................... 749

Giovanna Pizziolo, Nicoletta Volante, Lucia Sarti

Uving in a Palaeoriverbed: Intra-site Analysis of Two Prehistoric Sites in the Florentine Alluvial Plain ............................... 761 Rosalba Aquino, Matteo Faraoni, Laura Morabito, Giovanna Pizziolo, Lucia Sarti

Exploring Scenarios for the First Farmln1 Expansion In the Balkans VIa an Agent-based Model ......................................... 773 Andrea Zanotti, Richard Moussa, Jerfune Dubouloz, J ean-Pierre Bocquet-Appel

CHAPTER 10 SPATIAL ANALYSIS: DATA, PATTERNS AND PROCESS INTERPRETATION ................................................. 781

Strontium Isotope Analysis and Human Mobility from Late Neolithic to Early Bronze Age in the Central Plain of China ...... 783 Chunyan Zhao

The Iron Age In Serakhs Oasis (Turkmenlstan). The Preliminary Results of the Application of Geocraphlc

Information System in the Study of the Settlement Pattern of the Earliest Confirmed Occupation of the Oasis ............ 791 Nazarij Buhlwka, Barbara Kaim

Multi-Scale Approach for the Reconstruction of a Past Urban Environment. From Remote Sensinc to Space Syntax: the case of Dlonyslas (Fayum, Egypt) ...................................................................................................................... 803

Gabriella Carpentiero, Carlo Tessaro

Enhanci111 GIS Urban Data with the 3rd Dimension: A Procedural Modellin1 Approach .................................................... 815

Chiara Piccoli

Structural Integrity Modelll111 of an Early Bronze Age Corridor House In He like of Achaea, NW Peloponnese, Greece ........ 825

Mariza Kormann. Stella Katsarou, Dora Katsonopoulou, Gaty Lock

Discovering Prehistoric Ritual Norms. A Machine Learning Approach ............................................................................. 837

Stephanie Duboscq, J oan Anton Barcel6 Alvarez, Katia Francesca Achino, Berta Morell Rovira, Florence Alliese, Juan Francisco Gibaja Bao

Application of the 'Bag of Words' Model {bow) for Analysing Archaeological Potsherds ................................................... 847

Diego Jimenez-Badillo, Edgar Roman-Rangel

V

Autonomy In Marine Archaeology ................................................................................................................................ 857

0yvind 0deg8rd, Stein M. Nomes, Martin Ludvigsen, Thijs J. Maarleveld, Asgeir J. Smensen

Identifying Patterns on Prehistoric Wall Paintings: a New Curve Fitting Approach ............................................................ 867

Michail Panagopoulos, Dimitris Arabadjis, Panayiotis Rousopoulos, Michalis Exarhos, Constantin Papaodysseus

Pottery Studies ofthe 4th-Century Necropolis at Blrlad-Valea Seacl, Romania ............................................................... 875

Vlad-Andrei Uiziirescu, Vmcent Mom

A Bridge to Digital Humanities: Geometric Methods and Machine Learning for Analysing Ancient Script in 3D •••••••••••••••••• 889

Hubert Mara, Bartosz Bogacz

CHAPTER 11 REMOTE SENSING: COMPUTATIONAL IMAGING ADVANCES AND SENSOR DATA INTEGRATION ...... 899

The Possibilities of the Aerial Lldar for the Detection of Gallclan Megalithic Mounds (NW of the Iberian

Peninsula). The case of Monte De Santa Marii'ia, Lugo ............................................................................................. 901

Miguel Carrero-Pazos, Benito V!las-Estevez

Reflectance Transformation lmaging Beyond the Visible: Ultraviolet Reflected and Ultraviolet Induced Visible

Fluorescence ......................................................................................................................................................... 909

E. Kotoula

Endangered Archaeology in the Middle East and North Africa: Introducing the EAMENA Project ...................................... 919

Robert Bewley, Andrew Wilson, David Kennedy, David Mattingly, Rebecca Banks, Michael Bishop, Jennie Bradbury, Emma Cunliffe, Michael Fradley, Richard Jennings, Robyn Mason. Louise Rayne, Martin Sterry, Nichole Sheldrick, Andrea Zerbini

Enhancing Multi-Image Photogrammetrlc 3d Reconstruction Performance on Low-Feature Surfaces ................................ 933

George Ioannakis, Anestis Koutsoudis, B~ Vidmar, Fotis Arnaoutoglou, Christodoulos Chamzas

Combination of RTI and Decorrelation- an Approach to the Examination of Badly Preserved Rock Inscriptions

and Rock Art at Gebeleln (Egypt) ............................................................................................................................ 939

Piotr Witkowski, Julia M. Chyla, Wojciech Ej smond

Geophysical-Archaeological Experiments in Controlled Conditions at the Hydrogeosite Laboratory (CNR-IMAA) ............... 945

Felice Perciante, Luigi Capozzoli L., Antonella Caputi, Gregory De Martino, Valeria Giampaolo, Raffaele Luongo, Enzo Rizzo

Colour and Space In Cultural Heritage In 6Ds: the Interdisciplinary Connections .............................................................. 953

Anna Bentkowska-Kafel, Julio M. del Hoyo Melendez, Lindsay W. MacDonald, Aurore Mathys, Vera Moitinho de Almeida

Integrating Low Altitude with Satellite and Airborne Aerial Images: Photogrammetric Documentation of Early

Byzantine Settlements In Crete ............................................................................................................................... 963

Gianluca Cantoro, Christina Tsigonaki, Kayt Armstrong, Apostolos Sarris

Creating 3D Replicas of Medium- to Large-Scale Monuments for Web-Based Dissemination Within the Framework

of the 3D-Icons Project .......................................................................................................................................... 971

Anestis Koutsoudis, Fotios Arnaoutoglou, Vasilios Liakopoulos, Athanasios Tsaouselis, George Ioannakis, Christodoulos Chamzas

The Udoriki Project: Low Altitude, Aerial Photography, GIS, and Traditional Survey in Rural Greece .................................. 979

Todd Brenningmeyer, Kostis Kourelis, Miltiadis Katsaros

A Fully Integrated UAV System for Semi-automated Archaeological Prospectlon ............................................................. 989

Matthias Lang, Thorsten Behrens, Karsten Schmidt, Dieta Svoboda, Conrad Schmidt

Stereo Visualization of Historical Aerial Photos as a Valuable Tool for Archaeological Research ........................................ 997

Anders Hast, Andrea Marchetti

CHAPTER 12 OPEN SOURCE AND OPEN DATA ................................................................................................................ 1003

Strrlt/5- Open Mobile Software for Harris Matrix .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1005

Jerzy Sikora, Jacek Sroka, Jerzy Tyszkiewicz

Archaeology as Community Enterprise . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1015

N6h6mie Strupler

vi ·­·­·-

Digital Resources for Archaeology. The Contribution of the On-Line Projects by lsma-Cnr .............................................. 1019

Alessandra Caravale, Alessandra Piergrossi

A Swabian in the Orient. In the Footsteps of Julius Euting ............................................................................................ 1027 Matthias Lang, Manuel Abbt, Gerlinde Bigga, Jason T. Herrmann, Virginia Hermann, Kevin Kfuner, Fabian Schwabe,

Dieta Svoboda

GQBWiki Goes Open ................................................................................................................................................. 1033

Stefano Costa, Alessandro Carabia

Archaeological Contents: from Open Access to Open Data........................................................................................... 1037

Aurelie Monteil, Viviane Bouletreau

CHAPTER 13 COMPUTERS AND ROCK ART STUDIES ...................................................................................................... 1047

Archaeoacoustics of Rock Art: Quantitative Approaches to the Acoustics and Soundscape of Rock Art ........................... 1049

Margarita Diaz-Andreu, Tommaso Mattioli

Photometric Stereo 3D Visualizations of Rock-Art Panels, Bas-Reliefs, and Graffiti ......................................................... 1059 Massimo Vanzi, Paolo Emilio Bagnoli, Carla Mannu, Giuseppe Rodriguez

SIVT- Processing, VIewing, and Analysis of 3D Scans of the Porthole Slab and Slab BZ of ZUschen I ............................... 1067

Stefanie Wefers, Tobias Reich, Burkhard Tietz, Frank Boochs

Digital Practices for the Study of the Great Rock in the Naquane National Park, valcamonica, Italy: from Graphic Rendering to Figure Cataloguing ........................................................................................................................... 1081

AndreaArcA

Real-time 3D Modelling of the Cultural Heritage: the Forum of Nerva in Rome .............................................................. 1093 Tommaso Empler, Barbara Forte, Emanuele Fortunati

Mediated Representations After Laser Scanning. The Monastery of Aynah and the Architectural Role of Red Pictograms. 1105

Carlo Inglese, Marco Carpiceci, Fabio Colonnese

vii

Mediated Representations After Laser Scanning. The Monastery of Aynah and the Architectural Role of Red Pictograms

Carlo lnglese carlo.inglese@uniromal.it

Marco Carpiceci marco.carpiceci@uniromal.it

Fabio Colonnese f.colonnese@uniromal.it

Department of History, Drawing and Restoration of Architecture, Sapienza University of Rome

Abstract: In Cappadocian rock-cut architectures, red pictograms painted on rock suifaces were long considered only as abstract decorations of the iconoclastic period to be lately converted into polychromic frescoes, but today other interpretations appear plausible. In the Monastery of Aynal1 near Goreme, pictograms both decorate the key elements and describe visual hierarchies with the secondary consequence of transforming the architecture itself into a huge representation: a sort of full-scale model to evoke existing buildings and to design its final configuration. Integrated applications of laser scanning and digital photography today allow the study of these decorations together with the actual shape of rock suifaces supporting them, and may offer innovative contributes to archaeological and historical researches on Cappadocian rupestrian architecture.

Keywords: Monastery of Ayna/1, Rock-cut architecture, Rupestrian habitat, Red pictograms

Introduction

The Open All' Museum in GOreme is a large semi-circular rock cavea constituting the heart of a singular confederation of ancient monastic communities. It is formed by a huge number of rock-hewn churches, such as St Catherine's Chapel, the Apple Church, the Sandal Church, the Pantocrator Church, and whole monasteries that barely survived the persistent geological erosion. In 1985 UNESCO inserted such a system of rupestrian settlements into the list of World Heritage sites for its unique anthropological, historical, and artistic value.

Since 2007 an Italian National Research on the Rock-cut Architecture has been working in Cappadocia1 to study the environment and the monuments of the rupestrian habitat in order to support Thrkish administrators and cultural operators in the complex actions of preservation. restoration. and transmission of their cultural heritage (Carpiceci 2013). The first achievements of this mission can be appreciated in the Forty Martyrs Church at Sahinefendi, recently restored and open to public?

In the last two years the unit of Sapienza University of Rome has been surveying a number of carved monuments and produced drawings in the area of GOreme. Despite the fact

1 Arte e habitat rupestre in Cappadocia ('Ilm:hia) e nell'Italia centromeridionale. Roccia, architettura scavata, pittura: fra conoscenza, conservazione, valorizzazione. National coordinator: Maria Crocifissa Andaloro; scientific director of Sapienza University unity: Marco Carpiceci. The research involves three scientific areas (L-ART/01 -History of Medieval Art; ICAR/17 - Drawing; GE0/07 - Petrology and Petrography) and offers a number of different approaches to the Cappadocian environment thanks to geologists, archeologists, historians, architects, engineers, preservers, restorers, chemists, botanists, geographers, and photographers taking part. 2 See: http://www.operaipogea.it/?p=833 (accessed on 26 June 2015).

that the executors of the 2013 and 2014 survey campaigns are almost the same and despite the strong analogies between the architectural subjects, deep differences exist between the results. The former campaign focused mainly on the Church of Forty Martyrs at Sahinefendi because the restoration of its significant painting cycle was to be rapidly completed. The 2014 campaign was based on these early results and expanded them to the surrounding areas in order to define the urban context of the Sahinefendi community (Carpiceci and Inglese 2015). The ultimate goal of this latter campaign was to define the church relationships with the urban context by focusing not only on its direct surroundings, but also on other isolated groups of rock-cave rooms. These two distinct phases resulted in a complete survey of the rupestrian village of Sahinefendi, with the Church of the Forty Martyrs at the heart of the whole area.

In the Open All' Museum in Goreme, the two-year survey campaign focused on the main churches located in the semi­circular auditorium, such as St Catherine's Chapel, the Elmali Kilise (Apple Church), the Carakili Kilise (Sandal Church), Azize Barbara Kilisesi (Church of Saint Barbara), and Karanlik Kilise (Dark Church). Finally, the original survey programme has been integrated with additional settlements near GOreme such as the Church of Aynal1 with its monastery, which are the main subjects of this paper.

1 Notes on methodology and practice

The data acquisition using old and new technologies and post­production processing involve a necessary critical action that affects both the operative methodology and the specific site. For a decade, the operative unit from Sapienza University has been involved with the systematization of procedures for the architectural survey in the light of emerging technologies such as laser scanning, automated photogrammetry multi-stereo-

1105

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wmi: oflac:olodmi!!i.-., odtolon, --·~ diG iCl11410\Z11Gwtiw& qf hj~ OVCIIda d 61 zoqns!jflgstion

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Otlur 4lifli<:!lllioo......,......,;! by the pw or liFt, wlli<:h - m.tllle nllllm ofllle co1om ~ ml4o byllle clieital """""" in .... ! I I m dui .....,_ (Colpi<eci, Cal­llld fD&Iooe 201Sa). 1'llil proh1am at&n bo1h llle oo • r lllildc die C&Yef, = to die llll!cll1 "'- placc:d to ~how vp dui-- ..., lllllp tauri;;la "'~ au..., ..... 1bo C!XIGII .. _,. bocsiO of IIIo lllrlll!l-..,_ lllllllit ,......,., ........ lilllle ~ .... il ... """"8h IQ

RG.1, S.VIflllAUNITWORIQN8 WllllliiE IASSUC'ANIUI! !Nl"E GOWIME Ot>rN AIR MUsa.tM (P'IIIJ'IO F.lliluMN!!K).

lllm olf dui ol.oDirUo Ji&bla .. !110ft ofdlo ~- ..., ~ lacldlla ..... ad 'lrizlcbg, &-m. - oftal ~iD.the~miD-.aMh-wmmw tzl\il I 1 ~ izdaB:zwc:e ftb 1hc ~ 1o IIIo caM or IOOD!.I will> P' 1 '*'""" or Jlillllld4 illll'l'acel, a tpODi&.oplwmpplrio IRII'Ooy wumldowilbm i!iidamalll;pl

CG~~aallllda IPCdllc llalldl& Id» 11ft •''"'"'* • cca.tiiJbl OD ...m.... 'l'llil p.....tJae ia""" ) ID ....... dui !!OiwJ1 co1oan of die paimc:d llllllkciC llld to ildc&&atc tbc DIIDICric m<IIW w!dl~ d!l~ 4ala.

1o dui - of e:don>ol ._mag a a. ..-.I 101Ddim la pDIIiW 11J pmidimlia1 olallda dill p.- bofln dui 11111

d!!!!wlaa ill u.ht 01hcnrlle, a •IJ'Pkm"""'Y s-. I!Ct !ihoo14bo1UO!l 1)0 ......... -critiW oblnn Gld _, .. to I 11 CD C Le !)Ill I upec;t1114 C!Oiourofli>Cik ~

'1'1111 """""' of tbc ~ pulllll1y - pr cc!"" llle 11111'"'1 of 1helr flai4N or !!l!:t!W of lilt COI1'Mil • !!"' ~rod!: ....r.... :m lllia way, ......,. ............ - aaly "' bo c "" e~c~ to 1ho ildcnal ODOI m oWkaoo 1h.o ro'•Mn•hip ...._ ~ Gld l&aaolo!! of 111011111110111 log 1o otll!r • """ipJcm, it 1101 ahiullivo, dip~! modo! of 1ho 'llbolo lllllllclm!1ar DIIIIIBl-of die O,CAir ~

CcmpHf"rione Game bm 1bc 'tt C£ 1kD amriq Oil lbe ao=aJ ii!II6Jalo CNIIido a.. llllffioia1 - lluiluB .,., 1itlle .. bloolt the .... boiiD ..... lllllll'"im'" .,_ 'bath IIIo ma!PboJollt4l oailhml!y ~ 01ltd4l m4 Jall4e ad a - .... 11'13' of a.. I!IMI1c:d .......... 1o ..,. ....... apat 4om '-liD&-pllml Cl kceplq cbcm ._ wtlh "-'7 ....a, !!lmolt1llllllilqJ-bo do!uo ID ool:nlllia proh1am -.to ..-m wildGr or riiOOiillau dlo milrilll pa11 m ~

A l!bnher problem 11 m.u:d 10 tbc ....,.., ~ of --pl-.~IIHI~Iimoofllle()piiiAirM_, lbaw!doof--.WildwrchctOIIII.mm...,;,emydlly, bo& ~ al.lo vll!! !!» IIIM OJal!lt dui I"P- preciact. 'NGI aaly 1helr bo&e may im=vpl tbc--~but llle ~CIIllc:dbypc;ople~llCptOhal>lyamplllkd'IIJ lllepanllily ortba oordlll!lpl!mlOIIII.IIII'lU IIHo ~1'11111111a DC,IIIiYcly. B<p!'ci!!Uy ilr lllia RUG~~, illlddilioll to otlcn

=-11.06 ·-

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Fill. 2. GCIIIMF, OILIIICH Gl' *'-4 Mm:H fiiOM UfE Of PLM AND strnONS, DEIIIILGI' A DECIIMIIDII, EJIIIWIG!rDNUniEX{WolaERCIIUlURF.CDLDNNtsf) •

.............. liloYc, tblt 1bc mo!I&IICZy olltalmllk Klllle -tbo Dak Clmn:b,---.... .....,. iD ......... clllrilllt= c-=a~~om bm7 to lOpm,.011 ~ uli'"' ~ (CUpl<ed. Clil-a4JDa~Mo201511).

U 0111111 W GIK~ eii~=:•IIIM .. illll!llliilllllr: _., ~ J. b-.~ pafWMI ~ tbo .. of ........ IIPhcrel: et 1a1t ~ ~ 1111111 .., dciC<llcd m ""' -va-s _. lo - tboir elll:cdw n1:li:l8 ~ tbo prod:!Giion pJ.o of tbo s-m1 poiDII oiDu.d. Bor.a cedl --. * ..,..-. wwld IICiidl =-lnlY In 1be ~-.u ...... r..r~~u~DIIIII~ poiDt m ftidlto p1aoc 1be ~ Dlllilll ~~» , r=. tbqm&de~~atclilHnd~d!!uv,sll

~ -.. """ p1:a:b, wl:ilo tboir bo<liot """ miD4I - tHIIq ... allamn-. ~ lad IIP'CM· ThiJ oli::ect ~ Of pW:ec ... 1;_, i:llllf:t I I """aaly widl I mt"'joal plmo~ "8"np'ip but IJio with lhtobet IDI WIIIIRciiJian (Flp. 2 1: 3) dnnm liam litio OD .....! o ri0111, 1114!1. otlcblloddoab11111d91Wmlbllh&w 1.-~IIJIII'IliO"-a»brftl-o!~ Tbio holmog&Wll ~ <a!llitlllao .. Olllidallo .­lbe iUl:: otidc~lbe ~ oflbe lla: ID 1be nwh'nc ""''"""•1114 l""'idod tbo opaolwa will> a ..m::dollimdoolo tboir 01111 ....a. wllioh &. ., ,., M•l C>OIIIrilluliclm 111o .-. pmdne!l ... .,..

~tJie.mc!lt!mellddll!w~lnwl!lcba­...,~:o; ..n,-.~ m. ..m.... to -.Niob.,-.;p,._ IDd ~1C44 • idltiOIIIa rock-end~~ •..,... eDq1liry. Tb6-.:. ofnped!ICII, ,,_,., blp q., _., I W ....... ,Z.. or oaDIIII8Id .t;n.,;,.,,,

Fle. 3. GOifMf, MOIIASilll'fOF lmWI, SKm:H IIIOM UFE DF A CXIWII'Sm IIGGMAIIIMZNTTD 1H! CHUIICII jwNERWLDUR F.

CDI.DNNtsE). --1107 =-

RG. 4.. GIIRrMir, MGIIASIIRY GF IMWI, VIEW GF-1UIIU11FF INniE GISiliiiCE (PIIGID C.INGIEIE}.

,__ .,._.. fium opplyq ..,....U,IIIl .... fur lll'P¥al NOiioa IDdpujoatioa P-u ~;.110 1PJ118D1oG - WOIII4 1oe alole ... 1.... - .,... .. ....u .. -.!don md 4 tiitinrfo tb'*pl1Midi.aiiiDCI qn,)jt;. 'l1ml ipCifia ~11114dzaw!Dalilat'C beCIICGIIcdftdfl)reprCICIIt1llelic ~ on:lJilacllnL

Aflllr .ft!Sioii+ILD, I!» WJcal m<>dol {p« paiDia) wa.l

P'' or•rd 11114 ~-a =-bdmodrl (p« ~) 11111 1he ..:ulp1lln1 111t1n of rcd.al lldll-. mm. lt impcwibloo ID ......., a draw U. llllt .s...ribe IIJilWI• cwtum or cQa 1m•biauooaly. "Ihcft:dxe a oozztour liDc np "'Miim WIB a1allaadDd 1Jy ~ • lllllllhw vf IICOiiOIII clri-byduopolilicmoflbooiprift-IIOCCioaploall lildapcN at nau)lr IDiemJJ. A uniMr <If lli&o"'cont -.:don Jll-..... '-> · l ljMI.......JiDc fl) dlllir obilil;y IDdioZbo 1bc COI!lPb =rpboloJY l1t lilt .,..., ......... bml._l ploall l'llr ti>D plm. """ ..tH:ol Jll- filr tilawlilmo """ --... I'll ~ pnclior 11111 ~ (i.G, duo GOIIIIoat .... .._ ~-11-> IJ -llaaall7 lOt ot 111000 of tU clnpami...,.. of die ..U of~ ID mcua. Far a "'M'tkll mbftt.com' n:p& •L'n 1:50 ~;. s cm, 11111 - ....Jarlllam W1"1h an. a1lp hr. ... ~ Jh=alaldaiURIU!tdwlfl)lbo -'Oiluoldoll.l"iillllY oa ~ flf 10 cm- adlland Ill G1lla' pl\lpilll) 10 ~die omhi.,.._,....,. ...,.it "-"'ins a lUll of _.,.,.!& lo&<i&I-.IIIOI&c (C8rplccd :1.015).

Aflllr .,.a, die apcd4c pbaloppllie lllca of 1bc polrdllvmo ~ .., die -w lll<>IW, IIIo <ltcorall.., .,._ - 1oe tiDally IUtiod top1llar wilh lbo ~ illdt By Dnfaallml die model, a !ldlolar caa &dope lilt palat of ..-m tbo ....m 1laildoa .m4 ......_._ - 111 • ~ l1t 4 m. J'liJIIiap 11114 pielosjwa eoa dlul be lludiccl oad ~ la dlllir a&1lod llize 1114 pocilm: Ill IIIo -tiDul, dloirdd«moti..,t ... iloqpll..;tiN -1oe I'Okl.od ID die !lldcc -hmet!on, 1llc IQII'ilh:tll:ll pocllion <lflllc atilt'l bGdy u ....u •llloir 'VimaJ affild: li:am 1Nhnr, ol!!'"'rd &:am phoqrephl. Wlb:tciOJoml. admcmorice

Zllle a.~ar.-~ IIMIIIIsma .. •ry

The -me '""emmt of A,)1llh il lbcnlt 1 llm fium die G&lllwo OpOilAir ~ ..... clm1cb 111411»- flftbo IIIIIIIUIIIy ""'~m ~wv lllliD moll oaiiRIIIOUIId • ~ COULI)Wil, duo~ fllcede ofwllil:h la azt!M!l ... Oil tine .... of ..,...mp """ ....... (Fip. 4-6). Tiro of die tine docn la 1bc C3lalor Mll cpCD IDio 1llc llr&Cilroom l1t die 1:10111p1111', tbo ......,.nod Sal& Maim: ila walla, lltio•"""' by v1 • · nppozta Maclwultwilhll'dlaada ~ wllll red a-J.c pelllml ~ 7). Aa llpOD!Da In 1loe -nllloodo to • .....n. ""'"'-w """" dill - - 'bo CIIIUcd 'hill die C>OIIft1Ud.ADolllcr roomlktiiCUdlll-: 11 ... --"'· fium Vllllillll, .... Dlll&t (If il i.o loll .a. duo •lill' plltillly """~~""" Aaopoaiq m.~~~o i=ml1 Mll ofdlcmam """"loodo 11110 a ....,wilha QIMJI!IIIIr laad~J~ato duo..,. floor, wllilom opcaioc m duo-niiW.ID duo olmnlh.

n.. dlinl aplllliq m 11111 IHIII1II ra.. af wllll)ml illbo mam. Cldz.- to tbc clmrdl (PiJ. 8).A-al 11<1111R lllllla 1ri1ll + I Ulllll wol<omol loeliiMin .m4 1lla1ltll: & clrm. -it, jull &bow CN-pdmiliwp~m~ iD duo -.A.­cpciiiD& kedllaiO a dele llqiiiR 10mb roa, wilh a 1licllc 11114 boDolloo "" twu .w.. wlw. die fin! aplllliq .... iDio tbo il'14 • ' IY .- dmrch. l'oarlaF mbwmw (with OIIC plltillly ...uvod) divide duo dud~ l!p006 -. an. ..­oownoc~ by ""'"' "ftlllll .m4 .._rd wilh ""' .,.... a lqc ~ holl(>ll• •-4bapof aptC and - llmlllel' - lt ill .w. .,... m 1111o - n11 "'' dlllir 11oar • 1>iP u tbo "'""i-'-hllllllliD& .m, die.,_ of die ...n.. SmelhlriDqpllar-~thouppor&cr.n.o-. kada 11110 a laic ~~GCCy Cll1..:d ovulll!> milliii!OODI, 1llflh lllcb<a a abol:na "" """Y nil .m4 1w11 ,.... opwrinp A llllllll tiiDDCllcadt 1111o aclralllr- 111 diel~Cftb.wat.,_, wldJc tbo.,...zippm tbo -...n ~ID a .....,pcA:tod by a roDiq dool: A-cbliquo pil""""""" 1lllo ~­with duo lawri!OODI, wllon dwe 11 a110001141l>llii!B tloarueol ... ..-tho ~ ft<mdle --p·-wilh. lilt

=-1108 ·-

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FIG.!;. GllllMl, MIINAIRIIfOF lmwl, ~-OF THE CXI-D-1HI EN'I'IWICl 1011il NAimiUI

('"010 C.INILES£).

Re. 6, GIIR£ME. MOICASm\V Of IMWI. CXI-118011 tfl111'ffii111E GROUND flOOR PINISACQ)RDIN810JfR-IOII(LEfl)NID RDDLE1(aNmE) W11111HE PINI Al'ltUUlliOIIS' SUIM:'I'IN SI:PitM&a 2Dl4..

--1109 =-

FHI. 7. GOR!Mf, MDNAmiiY DP A1NAu, VEWDFIIIESAIAMAIDR-DIIII INIMNCE"RIIHE OIU~H (1'11010 C.

INGIEIE}.

fla. 8. GOttu..r, CHUIII:H or AYIIMI,111!W"I"DWMDIIIr,._r TDSAIAMAID~ (PIIOIO C.INGIDE}.

~lMhillll .,_&..m dill .....t)'mL 'llui ~~ <Jfdlo odliq lmll1 ~-~bow. whidl ila pet of a llabd ~ orlOODI.I ..till aalllellllld • ~ .......u.a lllaq 11111 ..,._ di1l; a4 IIIOOCIIIiole lllnla£h 1111111 apenlppla lbc ~!db cK

Ulttt · ,.,.-,..,,. ·a ·- r ·= • 111o piiiii&O or tim.a 11114 1bAo 11!1110W1bl.o -.;.., ,..._ ~MM made it dll1kaJt 10 ~ ~ ~ hl.norJ of thD m m•rtey af AJD&h amrah. 'I1ID a= =N.., of mDm

dim so -l"""'mc'la d!rce cWrtlall da)'l law muW dlll.......tllllnolllilmlllipl'--dill adliloclwolwlum. CIIII9CIII iDio 1110 lllftlllll4 allow -llyp ·~· OlldiAo ,.... ~

Tile ~ plm crrhodlee a cletr 11114 cll!clcat ldc6 of lbe ~ or iDimior IIJ*"'Io n. ...-1 vpillillp ...., ~ dcejp to ~ •llllilal7 Dllllll W!"billly to -CODil'ola4dtr.sc., wiiii811Hoillla!lalopoaqaae1101allpd toom>Ul...m•....tlll.mram •lib~

l11oJ.IIIIIIIIII"'oflluind ............. idmdifylbtii'IKIIIII "" .... lbe IJIIQII411ocrllll4 die~&« o;cdo n& lbe ~ 111 .......... to aal&dllal can. Amaaa dill a:..lllodl'OCIIIII, 1110 .....n ~-dui ol=b .... ~ ""-~­be dctccted DO dodoc Cllalll to lbclr fOml. Tilt elmldl 11&1 lilt typil:ol-.udbl plm wilh ............ Wllilo llllllt of ... •lnpr!n of lbe OCircmc 01>= Air Mane prcam domm ........ -..lJo wlth181pf1Ct to.,_ ofiiiOmoillalllo, olaldy~aGCIIIrio.-., lbtol=boi'A,.ahdilpla}' a !cqftudlmJ - wldl Ill~ 1lanl ..wt ..,_he IIIOmoiD. Die IDIIilfB with aclocp lljBI, ~a ldllllof""'til!e1bopc ICdioll (Pia. 9).

=-1110 ·-

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FIG. !t. GIIREM!, MDNASIER'tO• ~ AmNO...m!ICVIEW FIIIIM111E NUMERIC MODEI.AI'IE~ PO I IllS CLOUD (lloWOE M. c-ICEG) •

Tbo s.Ja lofaJir ... alllp 1Mmll VOII!t dividiicl by dine 1iafit ... 11114 il dimlt1y CCiaiiCGicd 1rilh the ohmJI. Jla criPil lim.l:dao ill 111111 1111i:111!1111lllal it CllltliJIIf ft 'lee dwo lloat of ll>o ~· Tbo prnllliza q well • ll>o ~ ~acx~ 11w1 COIIII)'IId. 1n111111111e 1at dowiOIOd room u wenu tbo iDIIIrior"""" with a ""*'-op0Ciii:lo4.,. • ...,., t{1lllify tbilmomutbellllltiq:wxtmttbriOOCIItotbcJDO""' ).lt 1.1 ,...n.te that lt wu ori8fnoll:l' -...4 u a ~: podlopc tbo UIUI1 ~ - that Gill ... fl>uDd ill Ill tlo otbor •• rrillloflldJ--w.~ becllu.tl»­- dootiucl far 4lifrlnDI ..... OCbanrioo, tbo ohomJ:8 of. tredftt ,NI td::uwy m tbc mm"'CIJ ot /trDih WVDlcliDrc diRIIICa ... illl...q;.n. fimcliaa.

Tbo - Imp<.- CO!IIllloullllll of dwo - III.Nr ~ IOI!I!IiJIJ iD. ~ by ~ ... t aaly tlo rook CIMlape iWIOWIII!q die C8I\'CCl rooDii llld plm 1llelr CIOirCCC pwndim iD.Iimlo, 1nl! tba ~ ........!DII>Inl of Ill iDIIIrior 6 a = Tbo bed walll tbamom. lbllow ~ tllat corr 1 """ lllti1Mr to a c,UDdlkal aeomeuy, Dar • ~ -. but1D a!m,p.t;nel alruioa palblllllpU!ly.....,.,. dlzccdon 1114 qlt of dc!brmiiiO!l The ~ illldua 11C

~ .. llimil.a-ID ..,m.lon 111111 pl-.lnll doopilo thc dlimof~acbolln IRidlulupbaokc(l91$-42) -~ (1!185}, lhq-bonllf recb!A"bl<l .. ~6--1 ~· pcu.m (lli&. 10) ml (UiiD ooaoMl)'> 1'1100111 h;,c,m..l ~ ICCtll to araAdctdcforme•'Mtl aaaa aaerl•' c:lcmcat ofplau llld """"""" ~ 21111!1).

Tbomim .... '--dwo&l:tllllAivod""""" lllddwo'"liJII­.....-;;..-..I*bd tlom-boCIOI!Iidndlimplyu t ....,.WI ~ lnllua iP<dflc ~by the llalldcti. SIIOhm .m.Dmtarpo>izalizllll4 t1iitr1n11im ...w.l-DIIklh 1111mppzopdne 1lal cadlliiiiiCrial a_..,., of the~ ...,._. Wa 1Niiomo lllit llle mim•b:h betwam diD ldllal

....,.(""""" mlllle replar pmdlio; ......... hlllliD4 tlom -~ IIIo be die rcsll ofaprcciac requile&41.

llc)lh 6lludal """ '"""' -- OCQicl 1io bohiD4 thc cbolce of ~ camel ilupM lllld u&ca l!mpldcal lmonolodp ,.,.n.ly ..... iwocl llmM ...,;,m onll!iloda lW lbrmal J:Ciilllllce of cazwd lhipa llOIIIributet ID a '­~~m 1laCh Wlllillll4~ MGnavw. 11w1 01IMd llllpa il tbo - nilahle 1114 1llllmll 0110 tllr--"" azdll- dwo procetl of -WIIOD Mill ID ~ ~ llle .,.-.111 thc-of albonJtio&l oplun lllld tbo -•-= oflllelr~rm~ falloMmmll,. too,u uallc ICCD mllle fimnn cm 111e wen..

I'I'MIIIIdvolllllll: lik!GIIalllllntiMI A¥11111 Cllwdl

Moitoflheazdftdll-lotbo IIMofOIRMclooot,.­

pilllad d ''"'""' cm1y .. w-caliaf ~ "'-11111 emMH•b the 1J11CC. 'lltll1c alllllllbcr oflbcm ob..,. a -*1 nmp. lium pio:l<ynn• tu ......up!"" P'inlinl> ~to llle 1110 of~ lllld llle 1.-1 ofiiO«<III)'. thcte decondliU -bo~cliMI!IediDIJne.tf!4jj"dM, Mldl IIGIDIIimee ,gz., k> dlo di"""'"' pcoilliiiiJf diD Hftl- A Ilia cao:py la OOIIilllulcd ~ mm a- 1 n!Jy 1»11 ooln-~- podDiod clirlll:8:lf 11111o lbo met. A......t -JOIY it Allmod by pol)duow paiDIIId dcoonlicoi, 1rilh wide llluelll4ar-floldaaddldcol»>loclmom.otlfLHI!todi•• IUd> •Jtiar4Eiq1b ....... (l!l86: 432) ~--"-! lbetem '' lllwplauiJiWI uafoaDofalcoaJede«ndoa lllld lllldtbam ID clllo thc llldliloo:1ln w dwo ;....,..,!ol'lilo paiacl or imftdi•M:II Idler (AD 143) •

ID tba d!inl 0"' PIJ .., tlpolift l!woo-llb lloocnliGal dial embd"M the m01t iwpoalaill RJialoDI ""'Udtn&l, IDCII•Ibc a-:hof~ .,..,.omltbo&mooa 1bbliDBo-oftm

--1111 =-

FIG.1D. GGRlMI:, MGIU.SIIKY OF llnwl, GfNfiW. PUll IN IXINrGUR UN IS latUIDimlle&•1D Ooi)AFn!R POIIm a.GUD.IN IWf, 1HE ICW!II ~I; IN GRIIN 1HI MIDOLr 1¥1; IN GRmNlHE HIGHEII ~~~-~M. C"AIIPICIX:I}.

willlthc-dezy~of~dloillllrior ~aDd vlimlly~OIII d»~ild!Gil oflbe ...Wpm..

Tbo nod m&oduo-~ m lboo /qDah o:lmn:h aDd lbe Stla Mlicr llcloq lo tbc IICCGad I It'll' aDd bc)'llllll d» aMIIudc lilllc1laa, <GIIIIIInlle lo llllir IJIIIIIl - .... Ill orchiiOCICin1 -li.o looL Tbo-~ ... il, lbr evmple, 1he ~ In Halll aDd dat hlmdl of lllllbe immlhll ofdlo ....... (Fis. ll).lil.- ..... dda blllllllllo 111111 llmii!P t11c lid&c o;awaia, • m* - of the Seta Malar aDd .. dlo IAIIIdiviliall in finlr of lbe imDdoo of lboo

DIZthox clomo. lillile ~--- bmdiiUII bodaoulllllf aomd dlo pedmeW of lile 100111 """"""'!In' lile impoot liDo old» bmcl QUit, lillbill-.., .u ..... .;,.. ~ u.lll llld dazk ISdda 11=& die IOIIIhau wall .. lilp~ ... - ~ 1ooDda <Ziilllills ......... eomia:. m lbe s.ta Mlior lbe bed llllllliJ!IIIwl the impOII llaetalimnedl>,. acl!eq\lermai!Cwllb ~ lllldlm pl&ce of~· (l'ir. 12).

m Ilia a... Alnr·- of...,_ Clor: iP"k, .....,. (198S: 62-Q) .m. Ill--~ of lbe nod lip deocallliuith& ~.,... ofiiHIApoh dmnh. 'Tbo .....

=-1112 ·-

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Fit0-11. liOREMf, MDNAmRYOF A'fNAII, -.uM(IIOTTOJI.UPOIIIHOGDNAL PIQIICIIDN)-111f IIUM!RIC MOIIELAmR POINIS CLOUD (IIMCIE M. r-tcra),

--L

FIG. !2. Cil!lv.U, MONAMWOI'l«MA~l, ORINO&OMAL I'IIOIECIIOII CF1NE $AlA MAJOR SOU11MUSIIIIIW. -1NE IIUMUIC

MDDELMIIK POIND CLOUD (IIIWIE M. IMPICEO).

Dfdui--lnlllimmod.,;a,mlmd~of"W pt~~en~~.Al!Di:> ofo:a..,.,.m._ ...,...ID!na't'lrloaamoddi( ••• ) 111111 olqlho-ofdui 1lomil VIIIIIL '11111.....Jiil diWIIIIidD twolOiillcn~llidobyrodbmdl, bolowwlliohlrCilmildq. ~ .. Dfre4md Mllill ~ pollllln ( ••• } 111111.1 pdlllll4 pillln toppal by~ of ....... tmma ( ••• ).:m dui blaotla lllwe IIIo Ill* motllu-, coclotcd ID I t!tc.+tpM ~ i.o lllllllllllllloll by a _...,'lim ~a ....m..! '"slll-lllbed

pllam, llmb4 by two .,....trapadl ( ••• ).A ahoct- J.1111-. riDu cbe m:aalD die CUI nil ad cbe 10ftlt of die Ill* ll'Ch il oimilod, dowudod. la ..:11 iipllldnllllmkiDB dlllll'Ch il m oqllll111110d«CA. '111111!*lla•-mallilll .a po~ 1Kircb lnll»ooao:bmda~ ~ belo.ll»caadi.NG!Ih ad ll4llllb 11'11111 of dui .... ....., .. ohoqnond hoDd poiDiod Ill cbe ml oflllc arcedc capilli -.1 aodlcr • cbe ~ ot cbe walla, clo<:anoliMI wilh. ~pallam, alMiftllllo poiDiod lioold

--1113 =-

Fltl.13. G&leMt QIUIIQI OFI«<WW.II([I'CH UIC*IIHI-S 111E INSME 'IOSMA MNOft (WimiHXlUlUR Fi llDI.oftNBf!.

or duo Dmlh .w.. ;. a podDIDclb)tlaloo llhlpe 1rilb a p.loo IIIKml it; lluon> ilaftlrtb« b)llolo lblpoilllbl oquinkmpolilioDOD tbe tolllll t.lll6 wall. Aftl<l ...._d...,. alo!t& duo cellin&l orliGdl ---duo ~otduollri .W..Illo ... __ ,!!iml lll~q~~~R itamcaulhc -CIId. Tlleu. -In lllellanh ..u .. w by.......!.., .. _, p.m..l'lrilb duo dliiDim ptllcnt, 'llllichaldlbcat 1 mcac ~~!oft lilt am-c; apaildccl pbl.t liDb IIUIIIL 'l'llo ~ lloa4lileo alxm!IIM -­bm..., lliclol ota~q~~~n. Allimillr _,.,.,.. ia fQua.cl ill 1bc 'W"'''C OII*C llllllle IOIIIIa ..U wllae, bow"cr, lilac IJ

-~·.

M<JOt af Gu. s-ftic cloo:ondiam .., ..;J;J nooaai-1 ..... oomparod 'lrilh ~'""""" .. ill hJildinp otlbl --aad pa!od.AIIi:tllllild bylblp!ctmtc,-oflhan !lbowapednmi-pmdriool!-..mdmopounlly.-1 10 ckclbc lllld h!IJ!lgbt 1bc lOdaoal: afllcca lt>CICriiq IQ

tbooe ""'"'-"'• wlll<h play tluo fipiiiMt mlo of llld>itoo:1lnJ 1 D at• tDOh U ooJnmne, piladrn, oapitallt ~

IDd .-!col. A DIID1bor of •empl• o:aa "N III,&8'NIId: IIM 11111 aad wbila ""lbniiw>" polllm' ... dHo ..... ofbl ......too C\'aka I ~C 111U0111Y ll'cll; 1hc 'broad 111&41& 1lmdl or ftl<lllllll wllillo c:boci-plllam'.., t1uo ,.,.. pm ora. .....,1 ~-bocuilyilllwpzdodulho~otlrila&ular ~ ~ In U. VIIIIIIIIIOifl lboollarimalolledliii.M Oil tbe unmpat or~~~o an1mnno """llHI pllllllda aopiiDI clooarihe 1bc IPCCiflc J*G of I Dock CJll!« llldl M lhl-, cchlmJI, 1:01lar, lllllloocm; a. 'AmMipil•.._p&iD!od with duo<llmiDD pstllm' 1rilb • 'paimcd pblo' lilltiqlb:m md • 'paiDicd

'llomd'~'...,oidoaofa.,_......m.~ .... otbl..mof lllcpiooc or nqllll....., 10 1ho llq1llrG ~ IDd llHI ICJ1I&ftl,... .-, uln 1 ua&tlaaal clmrcb cbapol (PI&. 13).

Olbcr plclopa llC 9lllc abCII:ICt lqlf'* n•adoa• of ........ elft!M!!b 1111111 m Rammmd 1IHII!iaw1 """ri'Prh­The 'paiDicd pWaa IOppCid by olc\'ka of WIIAiat lbmll' or dHt 'mldl1lkml cmlainin,g ftli0111 mo1ifa' lock 1ibt & ~

~ofd '""*IOG>.-bw:C>IMI!llb.o.........m, ~ lolmdl CIOIIId be IDiapzCII:4 • lh: 'rim~~ dloct of --brid:polllmo ill u....n,.-bo- ibr ....... lo, In 1hc ~ clmldl of St '1'lleod«e Ill Adleal (12111 ~). u ~ lbia upoct ,.,.w bo quila hdotBioj • 1b.o vGCu: ......... ~·~ dlcir v-.u atraG~ ~ 111111 lork& ....

Some l'kiUiiW lnonced 1q11 err~ l)mbo!J lll:e --.....m:a. .. ....u .. Olllmdi!IDII.-.1 ........... mcbubirdii:Dilplab.Somcottbemoouldbcte)4 • • •·one of IIOdlliq 1.- llvm oltbor ~ or mllfiiiJ lllllllllnl&: 'IIHI pil1lr ->ill& billk, ill~ ""'Y bo ..., • di.­~ CllUiill& Ofl'Oirllllctalct' {Bodlcy 1!185: 62).lllll*r p~ 11110h•IIHI'tw.>IJ1II'Impecla'IIDII.IIGIII.!Ioftbe 1linll,

001114 1lc ~ ... piGIIIrc of~ eep, ··­IIIUUiud -aad 4<pk'o4flvm llfiL

TbD 11 IODieCidq IPtCid In dHo plctajp- of Apah clmldl dill - .....,..ny ""11'octo4 by od!alon: .., ... DOt IIICIIIOcliRimc ll3d ~ paiDicd .. - oftca 1lc

=-1114 ·-

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FICI.14. ~Ml, OIUICJI Cll' A'fiWI, SOW! DIIMMNm OP ntE PICI1IBMM ON ne SDl WIW. DP 1Nl $AlA-(DUIIIIIIIG C.IN&IQr).

- aear IN-. Tbll py lip-to plaJ at lealllllree •••oC i W) mlaiDnllliaatACbai84GDIIL 9 m.cjm•dlay arc below die red llipa, • a~ IChcmc f~Klbc­'"'"'P'•Iipao. !IIIIDIIIimoo a.., d..m.llui rolo afliHo blm!k - •• •......tio ~omphn- af IIIo red leti-~ 1.11:11 IIWI '11111-. 1Uieli of lbe clomlllo ,._. cc lll.o c'CIIM of

lbo ....-, """"' £,lilY paiDia """ fillocl.,;,o. ~ Ill= .-diD& to D1111Y cHftaUII...,_., FIIWIJ PJ palat ia OOCP'XmaJJy 11114 u a rnJwtibD fbrmcl iD 110D11t dlc:andiva pt~~n~, • - 1>o - m. 11u1 lliiMbopod <lliCICII m bllld -.-.dlbe -OD 610 wall afjbe mlliD I.'OGIIt,Jllit @ooe die -"' ... Qllurob (Yip. 14-17).

Tbo red~ ofliHo.Apab a-:11, liD olluir ~ of IIIo ....., pciod ..,. - - 1>o plilqlily OCIIIIi4cnd • lhe WIT Jut a.ae of~ .m1 e .,, '11lolr d,.,xmn i.o to 1>o 1 olod ID.,_ oml of~ pmi11101 of IIIIICIIIkllloa, wllkh wulmpoted loylbe IICCd to 1IIC 1boec .,.... u oocm • ,_,1o, cm1J m. r- .... dollpls die

- of ... CII'CIIIioll af lbo - II'Nalllod llooonlioal. l!wn If diMe pk:topma.-r to 1>o lhe -.11 of l!.&llf ml lllll8h .....t; tluOr ~ wlwl Olld m,...;.,g llholll4 lUll bo "llll4creldmllc l'lllloflll, lbc Pl*IICC ofa-.1 colollrOA lbo...U.aflbodmn:haflquh, .-ifOD!yaJislllii"'Yo si­lbo~ IUCIIIOafp!D"IIMMJU ifll'l'Oiitoly cloP'""" to tip::i&i&i1 d» ~ ~ dtRoftloa elfi!W!tl iD a ~ ,.,.. SooGa4ly, lbo timll 11114 llclDw ._ to hr.n bcal ~ to ... tojdllc:r to IIIIPPOft die iidllltellliil lidiaD: .... ...-..! liDma - bo .... """ ~ ~die colo!lr r;ivct them 111 oplio OOIIIriiJUti.oa to dcaolc

I u f I

tbelr llpCIBc role. On die adler ~ llui pk:topma - bo ~ or otioln~ ... llui "-! i8 "'--y ~ by tr. I'Oml md polldoo ID. lll.c iidlllteiUiol .....,... Tllil il m ms-tms _,of-~ 6111 llld ~die lime of OOIIIIzudioa willlout ra1011111i11J a - vlaall&mtifbd!l! of tile JCU.

Fta.15. GOID\jll. CHURIH DPIMwl, .KiU DIIAW!!IS or ne PICIOQIAM 0111111 SIDE walJ.OF INISAIA MAICIR(D_,N& C.

Wldlo ID. n&inrl otd~ IIWI•""- of tile oll1ln "-ribo liHI 'Villlal m...l!ia ...... _.... ......,llr oflbo pu~r, m caw •·c31!li."Odt-G~t "'*......., lbia l!nytjon ;., Bll.ocl by ftl4 p~ctott...,., with a.. _d.,~ af h&illbllliq ~ Iilo did of lbo .Apab Cbdlilllu a l!.up .nptWIIIIII.lll, a 10ft ot llllkcale modll (Col-

1115

IN8LDE).

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L""' •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

2015) wUb - di&id: Finly, it io • -dlooaP wllida !be dmD:Il iadf ia IP'IIIIIIY ....... 11111 podWod.UD iD a oort f1f ...tpmwl iftd~, u doo6md by a-. ..... (1911); _.,.it ia. modol...r...;q to ~ lft"'l'-' clmrdul, ~ bollllla "~'dol typolo&T IIIIIDIIIOt or m doplllal doocmdiOIII. )I -"' ......... doo6md • 1111 lalaCtatWII .....t. • - of ill ~ p1111 Rq1lirc a ·~ wla:p:a-· (Boo 19'79) by Ibis poop1e lookiDj ol...._,wlloobauhiM._.oft..irtop id ~oomilli<lou

- .... ~ 'balldiDsliiMJro&riD.

4C.. a s •

La« """""'- ""'momocY llu pnnd poztinllrly lllitlble 11111 o11ktiw ID tto ,..... of tbo ~ of IMide tllla

hill lbo ozti11oio1 - lW lilm tbo "'"'-! r"'d -­In Ctppoodocra. Ill • 1'0diJ ~ ~ .. fGMIIYe ""'""""ruch.._brveaildriDoio impwlliwal>otb•atbnlo­cftmaw'-1 lliDill4 o( Ilia- of patlllnariatl ...... ..-, 1111411111r1iJ; wlua, lllllu a-1111 - tbo araoive ~

iloolt. Somonpodiotdllu<n ............ lo ···-­oftbo -~~ -lllllllladaaol """"'Ill• l'ot mm:oplt, IJao""' wljc .......,. o(I!Jo ....... ., '•Dy iD. IIIo-of .--w + '..., bu~ apbotos :'le........., will& OIJidNUod li8ldizJI ~

FIG.16. GIIRfMI!, OIUIIDt OF AYull, KAI!! DMWING OF 1110

I'ICIU8M.'II ON THE V.Wil OF THE 5AIA MAIOR {O-N8 C.

'lbo ~ devtlcpod by ......... tlllovth kll1 dlroct ~ofpl.-lllll...,._llld)lia-. hubocll..mt tJD lead 1hc ~and Jepi I jfou aftr.r the model rw•...u..~m. .. ............,. .r .. .......,..pvjodiaaa; diU il -Ob' tbo - 1111dablo Wl)l '9iluaDy to lrralmil -re IJIIllrmll:kla .... oplll&l ,.,_p ~ IIIo

, ...... E).

Rt. 17, GOIIEME, C~III:H OF~ ICAI! D_,IMI OF Tltl "CII:MNM ON THE IIWJ.. OF THISMA MAICII {D-NG C. I•LI!It).

1116 =-·-

CARLO INGLESE ET AL: MEDIATED REPRESENTATIONS AFTER lASER SCANNING

various environments and between these and the outside. Plans and sections have highlighted the inherently curved geometries that characterize the carved spaces and which cannot be ignored or reduced as a consequence of the technical limits of the manufacturers, but offer themselves as a key to interpreting both uses and construction periods.

The meshed model with the application of the internal photographic maps has allowed the study of decorative elements in their true form and location, according to their execution and visual effect, in order to evaluate their iconographic role in the Aynalt Church and its monastery.

Acknowledgements

This paper is the result of a synergistic collaboration between the three authors, fuelled by suggestions from other participants to the Italian mission, especially Maria Andaloro and Giuseppe Romagnoli. Specifically, Carlo Inglese is responsible for Introduction and The Church of Aynal1; Marco Carpiceci for Functional and morphological coMiderations; and Fabio Colonnese for Notes on methodology and practice, Environmental problems, Critical approach, The dichromatic pictograms, Rock-cut architecture, and ConclusioM.

Blbllotraphy

Bauer, G. 1981. Bernini e i 'modelli in grande'. In M. Fagiolo and G. Spagnesi (eds.), Gian Lorenzo Bernini architetto e l'architettura europea del Sei-Settecento: 279-90. Roma, Istituto della Enciclopedia italiana.

Carpiceci, M. 2013. Cappadocia Laboratorio-Rilievo (2007-2015). In M. Filippa and A. Conte (eds.), Patrimoni e Siti Unesco, memoria, misura e armonia: 221-9. Roma, Gangerni.

Carpiceci, M. 2015. Rilievo morfologico e rappresentazione dell'architettura rupestre. In G. Bordi, I. Carlettini, M. L. Fobelli, M.R. Menna, P. Pogliani (cds.), L'officina dello sguardo. Studi in onore di Maria Andaloro II: 385-91. Roma, Gangerni.

Carpiceci, M. and Inglese, C. 2015. Laser scanning and Automated Photogrammetry for Knowledge and Representation of the Rupestrian Architecture in Cappadocia: Sahinefendi and the Open Air Museum of GOreme. In F. Giligny, F., Djindjian., L. Costa, P. Moscati, S. Robert (eds.), CAA2014. 21st Century Archaeology Concepts, methods and tools. Proceedings of the 42nd

Annual Conference on Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology (CAA): 87-94. Oxford, Archaeopress.

Carpiceci, M., Colonnese, F. 2014. Rilievo e documentazione del colore in architettura: un problema attuale e irrisolto I Survey and documentation of calor in architecture: a current unsolved problem. InS. Bertocci and S. Van Riel (eds.), La cultura del restauro e della valorizzazione. Temi e problemi per un percorso internazionale di conoscenza: 189-96. Firenze, Alinea.

Carpiceci, M., Colonnese, F., Inglese, C. 2015b. La caverna svelata. ll monastero di Karanlik e la rappresentazione digitale del patrimonio rupestre. In ReUSO 2015. Ill Congreso Internacional sabre Documentacion, Conservacion, y Reutilizacion del Patrimonio Arquitectonico: Paper Book: 635-42. Valencia, Universitat Politecnica de Valencia.

Carpiceci, M., Colonnese, F., Inglese, C. 2015a. Potential and limitations of new technologies for the survey of morphology and colour of rupestrian habitat. In M. Parise, C. Galeazzi., R. Bixio, C. Germani (eds.), Opera Ipogea. Suppl. 1/2015. Hypogea 2015. Proceedings of International Congress of Speleology in Artificial Cavities. Rome, 11-17 march 2015: 399-406.

Colonnese, F. (forthcoming). Die Erfahrung mit lebensgrollen Modellen im Entwurfsprozess. In Manifestationen im Entwwf in Architektur, Design und lngenieurwesen. Aachen.

Eco, U. 1979. Lector infabula. La cooperazione interpretativa nei testi narrativi. Milano, Bompiani.

Jerphanion, G. de 1925-1942. Une nouvelle province de l'art byzantin: les eglises rupestres de Cappadoce. Paris, P. Geuthner.

Jolivet-Levy, C. 2006. Sacred Art of Cappadocia: Byzantine murals from the 6th to 13th centuries. lstanbul, Ertu~ & Kocahtytk.

Kalas, V. 2009. Sacred Boundaries and Protective Borders: Outlying Chapels of Middle Byzantine Settlements in Cappadocia. In: Gates, C., Morin., J., Zimmermann, T. (eds.), Sacred Landscapes in Anatolia and Neighboring Regions: 79-91. Oxford, British Archaeological Reports.

Krautheimer, R. 1986. Architettura paleocristiana e bizantina. Torino, Einaudi.

Rodley, L. 1985. Cave Monasteries of Byzantine Cappadocia. Cambridge and New York, Cambridge University Press.

Thierry, N. 1963. Nouvelles eglises rupestres de Cappodoce: Region du Hasan DaiJ. Paris, C. Klincksieck.

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