Ca Ex S1 M10 Planning And Cabling Network
Transcript of Ca Ex S1 M10 Planning And Cabling Network
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CCNA – Semester1
CCNA Exploration V4.0
Chapter 10- Planning andCabling Networks
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Objectives
• Identify the basic network media required to make a LAN
connection.
• Identify the types of connections for intermediate and end
device connections in a LAN.
– Identify the pin out configurations for straight-
through and crossover cables.
– Identify the different cabling types, standards
and ports used for WAN connections.
– Define the role of device management
connections when using Cisco equipment.
• Design an addressing scheme for an inter-network and
assign ranges for hosts, network devices and the router
interface.
• Compare and contrast the importance of network designs
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LANs –
Making the Physical Connections
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Basic Network Media Required to Make a LAN
Connection.
• Select the appropriate hardware, including the cabling,
to install several computers together in a LAN
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Choosing the Appropriate LAN Device
Hubs: for small LAN
Switches: for LAN
Router:
• interconnect two LAN
• interconnect a LAN
and a WAN
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Device Selection Factors
• Number of factors that need to be considered
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Device Selection Factors
Cost• The cost of a switch is determined by: capacity (port available and
switching speed), features, network management capabilities, security technologies, and optional advanced switching technologies.
• "cost per port" calculation, cable length. • The invest in redundancy. The effect if there are problems with a single
central switch.
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Device Selection Factors
Speed and Types of Ports/Interfaces• The speed : 10/100/1000 Mbps. Can increased speeds without replacing
the devices. • The number and type of ports:
– Just enough ports for today's needs? – A mixture of UTP speeds?– Both UTP and fiber ports?
• The number of UTP ports and fiber ports will be needed. The number of 1 Gbps ports and 10/100 Mbps ports.
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Device Selection Factors
Factors to Consider in Choosing a Router
• Similar to the switch, cost and interface types and speeds must
be considered as well. Additional factors:
– Expandability
– Media
– Operating System Features
Expandability
• Fixed configurations
• Modular devices
• Most modular devices come with a basic number of fixed ports
as well as expansion slots.
• Select the appropriate modules and interfaces for the specific
media.
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Device Selection Factors
Operating System Features
• Features and services such as:
– Security
– Quality of Service (QoS)
– Voice over IP (VoIP)
– Routing multiple Layer 3
protocols
– Special services such as NAT
and DHCP
• The budget is an important
consideration. The media used to
connect to the router should be
supported without needing to
purchase additional modules.
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Device Interconnections
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LAN and WAN – Getting Connected
Four physical areas to
consider:
• Work area
• Telecommunications
room, also known as the
distribution facility
• Backbone cabling, also
known as vertical
cabling
• Distribution cabling, also
known as horizontal
cabling
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LAN and WAN – Getting Connected
• Total Cable Length
– For UTP: spans four areas, maximum distance is 100
meters per channel. Up to 5 meters of patch cable for
interconnecting patch panels as well as cable from
the cable termination point on the wall to the
telephone or computer.
• Work Areas
– - EIA/TIA standard: From end devices to the wall
jacks have a maximum length of 10 meters.
– - Straight-through cable and crossover cable is
typically used.
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LAN and WAN – Getting Connected
Telecommunications Room
• Is where connections to intermediary devices take place. Contains the intermediary devices - hubs, switches, routers, and data service units (DSUs) - that tie the network together. These devices provide the transitions between the backbone cabling and the horizontal cabling.
• Patch cords connects between the patch panels and the intermediary devices. Patch cables also interconnect these intermediary devices.
• Also contains the servers used by the network.
Horizontal Cabling
• To connect the telecommunication rooms with the work areas, 90 meters max.
Backbone Cabling, or vertical cabling
• To connect the telecommunication rooms to the equipment rooms, where the servers are often located. Also interconnects multiple telecommunications rooms. Sometimes routed outside the building to the WAN connection or ISP.
• Be used for aggregated traffic. Backbones typically require high bandwidth media such as fiber-optic cabling.
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LAN and WAN – Getting Connected
Types of Media: factors to consider
• Cable length
• Cost
• Bandwidth
• Ease of installation
• Susceptible to EMI/RFI
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LAN and WAN – Getting Connected
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Example: User location
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LAN and WAN – Getting Connected
Cable Length
• The total length: from the end devices to the intermediary device (includes from devices to wall plug, from wall plug to cross-connecting point, or patch panel, and from patch panel to the switch).
• The longer the media, the more attenuation will affect the signal.
Cost
• Vary from media type to media type, and the staff might not realize the impact on the budget.
Bandwidth
• Carefully consider the bandwidth requirements depends on devices (server or single user).
• Currently, the technology used in fiber-optic media offers the greatest bandwidth available among the choices for LAN media. Wireless is also supporting huge increases in bandwidth, but it has limitations in distance and power consumption.
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LAN and WAN – Getting Connected
Ease of Installation
• Varies according to cable types and building architecture.
• UTP cable: lightweight, flexible, small diameter, which allows it to fit into small spaces. The connectors, RJ-45 plugs: easy to install.
• Fiber-optic cables: contain a thin glass fiber. Crimps or sharp bends can break the fiber. Connectors (ST, SC, MT-RJ): difficult to install and require special equipment.
• Wireless networks: easier to install than UTP or fiber cable. Be effected by radio frequency devices and building construction.
Electromagnetic Interference/Radio Frequency Interference
• Must be considered when choosing a media type.
• Interference can be produced by electrical machines, lighting, and other communications devices, including computers and radio equipment.
• Wireless is the medium most susceptible to RFI. Before using wireless technology, potential sources of interference must be identified and, if possible, minimized.
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Making LAN Connections
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Making LAN Connections
Straight-through UTP Cables
• A straight-through cable has
connectors on each end that
are terminated the same in
accordance with either the
T568A or T568B standards.
• Use straight-through cables
for the following connections:
• Switch to a router Ethernet
port
• Computer to switch
• Computer to hub
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Making LAN Connections
Crossover UTP Cables
• One end is T568A pinout,
and the other end is T568B
pinout.
• Uses crossover cables for:
• Switch to switch
• Switch to hub
• Hub to hub
• Router to router Ethernet port
connection
• Computer to computer
• Computer to a router
Ethernet port
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Making LAN Connections
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Making LAN Connections
MDI/MDIX Selection
• Many devices allow the UTP Ethernet port to be set to MDI
or MDIX. This can be done in one of three ways, depending
on the features of the device:
1. On some devices, ports may have a mechanism that
electrically swaps the transmit and receive pairs. The port
can be changed from MDI to MDIX by engaging the
mechanism.
2. Some devices allow for selecting whether a port functions
as MDI or as MDIX.
3. Many newer devices have an automatic crossover feature.
On some devices, this auto-detection is performed by
default. Other devices require an interface configuration
command for enabling MIDX auto-detection.
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Making WAN Connections
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Making WAN Connections
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Making WAN Connections
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Making WAN Connections
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Making WAN Connections
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Developing an Addressing Scheme
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How many hosts in the network?
• Determine the total number of hosts. Consider every device that will require an IP address, now and in the future.
• The end devices requiring an IP address include:
– User computers
– Administrator computers
– Servers
– Other end devices such as printers, IP phones, and IP cameras
• Network devices requiring an IP address include:
– Router LAN interfaces
– Router WAN (serial) interfaces• Network devices requiring an IP address for management include:
– Switches
– Wireless Access Points
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How many hosts in the network?
• Number of subnets <= 2n with n is number of bits that
are borrowed.
• Number of hosts <= 2h - 2 with h is number of bits that
are remained.
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How many networks?
• There are many reasons to divide a network into subnets:– Manage Broadcast Traffic– Different Network Requirements– Security.
• Counting the Subnets– Each subnet, as a physical network segment, requires a router
interface as the gateway for that subnet.– In addition, each connection between routers is a separate subnet.
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How many networks?
• To assist troubleshooting and expedite adding new hosts to the network, use addresses that fit a common pattern across all subnets. Each of these different device types should be allocated to a logical block of addresses within the address range of the network. Some of the different categories for hosts are:
– General users
– Special users
– Network resources
– Router LAN interfaces
– Router WAN links
– Management access
• In addition, remember to document your IP addressing scheme on paper. This will be an important aid in troubleshooting and evolving the network.
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Calculation the Subnets
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Calculating Address: Case 1
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Calculating Address: Case 1
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Calculating Address: Case 1
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Calculating Address: Case 2
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Device Interconnections
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Device interfaces
• LAN Interfaces – Ethernet, FastEthernet
• WAN Interfaces – Serial
• Management Interfaces:
- Console Interface
- Auxiliary (AUX) Interface
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Making the Device Management Connection
Step 1: • Connect a computer to the console port using the console cable. The
console cable has a DB-9 connector on one end and an RJ-45 connector on the other end.
• Plug the DB-9 connector into an available EIA/TIA 232 serial port on the computer.
• If your computer has only a USB interface, use a USB-to-serial conversion cable to access the console port.
Step 2:• Open HyperTerminal (All Programs > Accessories > Communications),
confirm the chosen serial port number, and then configure the port with these settings: Bits per second: 9600 bps; Data bits: 8; Parity: None; Stop bits: 1; Flow control: None
Step 3:• Press Enter key to log in
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Summary