C534 Lecture 8: Action observation and the human ‘mirror system’
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Transcript of C534 Lecture 8: Action observation and the human ‘mirror system’
Mirror neurons
The neuron is activated by “seeing” someone else’s hand performing a manipulative action and while the monkey is performing the same action
A mirror neuron is a motor neuron that “recognizes” gestures
A mirror neuron is a motor neuron that “recognizes” gestures
• Action Understanding– Communication,
culture, empathy, theory of mind
• Imitation– Innate ability?– How useful is imitation
without the above?
Table 1 Five scanning conditions repeated in each subject
Nature of the stimuli Task instruction Abbreviation
Stationary hands Observation without any purpose S
Learned meaningless movements Observation without any purpose LM
Unknown meaningless movements Observation without any purpose UM
Learned meaningless movements Observation to imitate LMi
Unknown meaningless movements Observation to imitate UMi
The effects of learning and intention on the neural network involved in the perception of meaningless actions
J. Grèzes. N Costes and J. Decety Brain, Vol. 122, No. 10, 1875-1887
+Intention to Imitate
Common area for all conditionsViewing hand movements
Imitating
2x2 factorial from visual and motor aspects of imitationBody schema: Use same limb as modelAction: Make same movementInteraction = motor mimicry, true imitation
Chaminade et al (2005)Neuropsychologia43, 115-127
• How do we know that mirror system activity in man reflects motor rather than sensory representation?
• Alternatives– Viewing body scheme?– Objects/affordances?
Non-expert
Non-expert
Watching actions you can do or can’t do…
Subjects
Ballet dancers
Capoeira dancers
Dance videosBallet Capoeira
Expert
Expert
Expert - non-expert
Experts show more mirror system brain activity than non-experts
Mirror neuron areas
Calvo-Merino et alCerebral Cortex (2005)In press
Visual vs. motor experience
Set of gender-specific ballet moves
Subjects
Female dancers
Female moves
Male dancers
Male moves
Visual familiarity
Visual familiarity
Visual familiarity
Visual familiarity
Motor familiarity
Motor familiarity
Fem
ale
Female
Mal
e
Male MaleFemale
Visual familiarity
Visual familiarity
Visual familiarity
Visual familiarity
Motor familiarity
Motor familiarity
Visual familiarity
Visual familiarity
Visual familiarity
Visual familiarity
Motor familiarity
Motor familiarity
Motor familiarity
Motor familiarity
Su
bje
cts
‘Gender specific’ actions
‘Common’ motor actions