C4#Laboratories,#LLC Suite#B202 - Errl Cup

C4 Laboratories, LLC1930 S. Alma School RdSuite B202Mesa, AZ 85210www.c4lab.com "Patient protection through true science"

Dear Valued Colleague,

Zacariah L. Hildenbrand, Ph.D.Chief Scientific OfficerC4 Laboratories, LLC

Thank you for selecting C4 Laboratories. Our goal at C4 is to provide reliable data that is interpreted within the appropriate physiological context, to ultimately empower patients to use cannabis medicine more effectively. The data within this report are the result of various analytical methods that have been developed by the team of scientists at C4 Laboratories. For the characterization and quantification of 21 terpene compounds and residual solvents we use Head-‐Space Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detection (HS-‐GC-‐FID). Additionally, Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) is used for the characterization and quantification of the 10 major phytocannabinoids found in cannabis. All data are collected in concert with proper quality assurance/quality control measures (QA/QC), including the use of intermittent analytical blanks, sample spikes, and commercial standards.

As an additional measure of quality control, we provide a historical reference (when available) to analytical results from an equivalent strain of cannabis/cannabis product to draw comparison. We understand that within an individual strain that results may vary as a result of variances in sample homogeniety, analytical methodology, crop conditions, genetic drift, and/or gene flow during hybridization. However, such a comparison can provide valuable insight into sample integrity and/or the phenotypic identity of the analyzed sample.

Additionally, we have interpreted all data within the physiological context provided to us by the growing body of peer-‐reviewed scientific research studies. Key factors to consider when determing how to most appropriately use a particular strain of cannabis include, but are not limited to, an evaluation of the possible cannabinoid/terpene synergies and an analysis of the various cannabinoid ratios, particular the CBD-‐A/THC-‐A and CBG/CBN ratios.

Thank you again for your confidence in C4 Laboratories. We strive to be an authority on cannabis education, targeted therapies and patient protection. Also, as a research laboratory, we hope to discover novel cannabis constituents through our efforts with academic research programs in the C4 Cannabinomics Collaborative. For more information about how you can collaborate with our research team please visit our website at www.c4lab.com.

It is important to note that when analyzing cannabis there can exist natural variablity of cannabinoid and terpene concentrations within individual plants. Cannabinoid concentrations in cannabis flower have been found to increase distally with respect to the root mass. As such, the analysis of multiple samples from any plant of interest is recommended.

Inform Environmental, LLC6060 N. Central Expressway Suite 500Dallas, Texas 75206 Phone: 915-694-7132 E-Mail: [email protected]; www.informenv.com

Bill Pruitt3030 Meander Rd, Granbury, Texas [email protected]

Dear Mr. Pruitt,

Within this report you will find interpretations of the water quality data resulting from the analyses of your well water performed by TTI Environmental Laboratories. The samples were preserved and prepared as per methodology approved by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Briefly, detection and quantification of volatile and semi-volatile compounds was performed using EPA method 8260B. Additionally, the quantification of metal species and water anions was performed using EPA methods 200.7 and 300A, respectively. All determinations were executed using EPA approved methods and the resulting data has undergone a thorough review and is deemed accurate and complete.

If you have any questions about the water quality data and/or the interpretations of the data, please do not hesitate to contact us at [email protected] or 915-694-7132.

Zacariah L. Hildenbrand, Ph.D.Chief Technology Officer

ID: EC_DCBD1_121715Analyte: FlowerStrain: DCBD1Client: Errl CupDate: 12/17/15

Microbial Screen: PASSForeign Material: PASSPesticide Analysis:Residual Solvents:

Major 10 Cannabinoids: 23.78%Total available THC: 8.28%Total THC Isomers: 8.28% Δ9 + Δ8 THCTotal available CBD: 12.06%Highest Terpenes:

Activated THC: 0.000Fresh product (CBG/CBN):

0.00

(mg) APPLICABLE TO MEDIBLES, TINCTURES AND SALVES

PRODUCT SUMMARY

Not performed

CBG/CBN > 1.0 denotes fresh product, CBG/CBN < 1.0 denotes high CBN strain and/or an oxidized product

Not performed

Modulates THC-‐induced psychoactivity (CBD), anti-‐inflammatory and analgesic (THC), appetite stimulant (CBN), antibacterial and antifungal (CBC)

Not performedNot performed

Not performed

Targeted Use:

Potency Profile Value (%) Historical (%) CBDV 0.00 #N/A

CBD-‐A13.75 #N/A

CBG

0.00 #N/A

CBD0.00 #N/A

THCV0.00 #N/A

CBN0.39 #N/A

Δ9-‐THC

1.06 #N/A

Δ8-‐THC 0.00 #N/A

CBC

0.35 #N/A

Δ9-‐THC-‐A 8.23 #N/A

Total Available THC 8.28 #N/ATotal THC Isomers 8.28 #N/ATotal Available CBD 12.06 #N/ACBD/Δ9-‐THC ratio 1.457 #N/A

CBG/CBN ratio 0.00 #N/A

Major 10 Total 23.78 #N/A

Historical measurements based on analysis of equivalent product N/A #N/A

Anti-‐inflammatory and analgesic (Russo, 2011), neuroprotectant (Hampson et al., 1999), reduces intraocular pressure associated with glaucoma, spasticity and muscle tension (Pacher et al., 2006)

Not detected.

Blank cells denote cannabinoid concentrations below the limit of detection (0.01%)

CBD-‐dominant, non-‐psychoactiveCBG/CBN > 1.0 denotes fresh product, CBG/CBN < 1.0 denotes high CBN strain and/or an oxidized product

Antibacterial and antifungal (ElSohly et al., 1982), anti-‐inflammatory (Izzo et al., 2012; Delong et al., 2010), antidepressant (El-‐Alfy et al., 2010; Deyo and Musty, 2003), and stimulates bone and nerve growth (Shingyo and Di Marzo, 2013)

General Characteristics

Appetite stimulant (Farrimond et al., 2012), analgesic (Zygmunt et al., 2002) and anti-‐tumorigenic against some forms of lung cancer (BiFulco et al., 2006)

See therapeutic properties of Δ9-‐THC for medicinal value upon activation through decarboxylation

Therapeutic properties

Not detected.

Not detected.

See therapeutic properties of CBD for medicinal value upon activation through decarboxylation

Not detected.

Not detected.

Δ9-‐THC-‐A + Δ9-‐THC (accounts for conversion rate)

CBD-‐A + CBD (accounts for conversion rate)Δ9-‐THC-‐A + Δ9-‐THC + Δ8-‐THC (accounts for conversion rate)

#N/A

Terpene Profile Value (%) Historical (%)

alpha-‐Pinene0.000 #N/A

Camphene0.000 #N/A

beta-‐Pinene0.000 #N/A

beta-‐Myrcene0.000 #N/A

delta-‐3-‐Carene 0.000 #N/Aalpha-‐Terpinene 0.000 #N/A

p-‐Cymene 0.000 #N/A

d-‐Limonene

0.000 #N/A

Ocimene 0.000 #N/Agamma-‐Terpinene 0.000 #N/A

Terpinolene 0.000 #N/A

Linalool0.000 #N/A

(-‐)-‐Isopulegol 0.000 #N/A

Geraniol0.000 #N/A

beta-‐Caryophyllene0.000 #N/A

alpha-‐Humulene 0.000 #N/A

Nerolidol0.000 #N/A

Guaiol 0.000 #N/A(-‐)-‐alpha-‐Bisabolol 0.000 #N/A

Eucalyptol0.000 #N/A

(-‐)-‐Caryophyllene oxide0.000 #N/A

Terpene Total 0.000 #N/A

* Based on historical measurements of equivalent strain/product

Not detected.

Not detected.

Not detected.

Not detected.

Not detected.

Not detected.

Not detected.

Not detected.

Not detected.

Not detected.

Not detected.

#N/A

Blank cells denote terpene concentrations below the limit of detection (0.001%)

Not detected.

Not detected.

Not detected.

Not detected.

Not detected.

Not detected.

Not detected.

Not detected.

Not detected.

Therapeutic properties

Cannabinoid Ratios

Cannabinoid/Terpene Synergies (Russo, 2011)

CBD-‐A/Δ9-‐THC-‐A ratio is within the optimal therapeutic range of 1-‐2 (Lemberger et al., 1976; Burnett, 2014)

CBD-‐A/Δ9-‐THC-‐A ratio is above 1, user is less likely to experience tachycardia (increased heart rate) and difficulty walking, which can result from THC ingestion (Burnett, 2014)

CBG/CBN > 1.0 denotes fresh product and is useful for the treatment of gastrointestinal abnormalities (Borrelli et al., 2013), CBG/CBN < 1.0 denotes high CBN strain and/or an oxidized product

Residual Solvents

Terpene analysis was not performed

Not performed

PesticidesNot performed

Additional Observations

References

N.P. Lopes et al., "Antimalarial use of volatile oil from leaves of Virola surinamensis," Journal of Ethnopharmacology 67, 1999.

P. Pacher et al., "The endocannabinoid system as an emerging target of pharmacotherapy," Pharmacological Reviews 58, 2006.

G. Riedel et al., "Synthetic and plant-‐derived cannabinoid receptor antagonists show hypophagic properties in fasted and non-‐fasted mice," British Journal of Pharmacology 156, 2009.

A.A. Falk et al., "Uptake, distribution and elimination of alpha-‐pinene in man after exposure by inhalation," Scandinavian Journal of Work and Environmental Health 16, 1990.

J.A. Farrimond et al., "Cannabinol and cannabidiol exert opposing effects on rat feeding patterns," Psychopharmacology 223, 2012.

M.L. Gil et al., "Comparative study of different essential oils of Bupleurum gibraltaricum lamarck ," Pharmazie 44, 1989.

A.J. Hampson et al., "Cannabidiol and delta-‐9-‐tetrahydrocannabinol are neuroprotective antioxidants." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States 14, 1998.

B. Harris, "Phytotherapeutic uses of essential oils," Handbook of Essential Oils: Science, Technology and Application. CRC Press, pp:315-‐352, 2010.

A.A. Izzo et al., "Inhibitory effect of cannabichromene, a major non-‐psychotropic cannabinoid extracted from Cannabis sativa, on inflammation-‐induced hypermotility in mice," British Journal of Pharmacology 166, 2012.

L. Lemberger et al., "Clincial studies on the interaction of psychopharmacologic agents with marijuana," Ann NY Academia Sciences 281, 1976.

T. Komori et al., "Effects of citrus fragrance on immune function and depressive states," Neuroimmunomodulation 2, 1995,

N.S. Perry et al., "In vitro inhibition of human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase by Salvia lanvandulaefolia essential oil and constituent terpenes," Journal of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, 52, 2000.

P. Robson, "Therapeutic aspects of cannabis and cannabinoids," British Journal of Psychiatry 178, 2001.

H. Rodrgues Goulart et al., "Terpenes arrest parasite development and inhibit biosynthesis of isoprenoids in Plasmodium falciparum," Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapies 48, 2004.

E.B. Russo, Handbook of Psychotropic Herbs: A Scientific Analysis of Herbal Remedies for Psychiatric Conditions. Haworth Press, 2001.

E.B. Russo, "Taming THC: Potential cannabis synergy and phytocannabinoid-‐terpenoid entourage effects," British Journal of Pharmacology 163, 2011.

E.B. Russo and G.W. Guy, "A tale of two cannabinoids: the therapeutic rationale for combining tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol," Medical Hypotheses 66, 2006.

N.A. Jones et al., "Cannabidiol displays antiepileptiform and antiseizure properties in vitro and in vivo," Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 332, 2010.S.S. Kim et al., "Biological activities of Korean citrus obovoides and citrus natsudaidal essential oils against acne-‐inducing bacteria," Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry 72, 2008.

R. Deyo and R. Musty, "A cannabichromene (CBC) extract alters behavioral despair on the mouse tail suspension test of depression," Proceedings 2003 Symposium on the Cannabinoids (Cornwall, ON: International Cannabinoid Research Society, 2003)

A.T. El-‐Alfy et al., "Antidepressant-‐like effect of delta-‐9-‐tetrahydrocannabinol and other cannabinoids isolated from Cannabis sativa," Pharmacological Biochemical Behavior 95, 2010.

E. Elisabetsky et al., "Effects of linalool on glutamatergic system in the rat cerebral cortex," Neurochemical Research 20, 1995.

H.N. ElSohly et al., "Synthesis and antimicrobial activities of certain cannabichromene and cannabigerol-‐related compounds," Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 71, 1982.

F. Bettarini et al., "Antiparasitic compounds from East African plants: isolation and biological activity of anonaine, matricarianol, canthin-‐6-‐one, and caryophyllene oxide," Insect Sciences and Applications 14, 1993.

M. BiFulco et al., "Cannabinoids and cancer: pros and cons of an antitumor strategy," British Journal of Pharmacology 148, 2006.

L. Binet et al., "Recherches sur les proprietes pharmacodynamiques de quelques alcools terpeniques aliphatiques," Ann Pharm Fr 30, 1972.

F. Borrelli et al., "Beneficial effect of the non-‐psychotropic plant cannabinoid cannabigerol on experimental inflammatory bowel disease, " Biochemical Pharmacology 85, 2013.

G. Buchbauer et al., "Fragrance compounds and essential oils with sedative effects upon inhalation," Journal of Pharmacological Sciences 82, 1993.

M. Burnett, "Finding the optimal therapeutic ratio of THC and CBD," www.medicaljane.com, 2014.

G. Appendinoa et al., "NPC Natural Product Communications 2008," NPC Natural Product Communications: 1977.

M. Backes, "Cannabis Pharmacy," 2014.

W.E. Campbell et al., "Composition and anti-‐malarial activity in vitro of essential oil of Tetradenia riparia," Planta Med 63, 1997

G.T. DeLong et al., "Pharmacological evaluation of the natural constituent of Cannabis sativa, cannabichromene and its modulation by delta-‐9-‐tetrahydrocannabinol," Drug Alcohol Dependence 112, 2010.

T.R. Ramalho, "Gamma-‐Terpinene modulate acute inflammatory response in mice," Planta Medicine, 2015.

H. Turkez, "Genotoxic and oxidative damage potentials in human lymphocytes after exposure to terpinolene in vitro," Cytotechnology 67(3), 2015.

V. Corpas-‐Lopez et al., "a-‐Bisabolol, a promising oral comppund for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis." J Natural Products 78, 2015.

S. Kim et al., "Dietary camphene attentuates hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in mice," Obesity 2, 2014.

M.A. Ocete, " Pharmacological activity of the essential oil of Bupleurum gibraltericum: anti-‐inflammatory activity and effects on isolated rat uteri," J. Ethnopharmacology 3, 1989.

L. Chen et al., "Protective effect of p-‐cymene on lipopolysaccharide-‐induced acute lung injury in mice," Inflammation 37(2), 2014

A. Khan, "Eucalyptol mitigates inflammation in amyloaid Beta toxicated PC12 cells: relevance to Alzheimer's disease," Neurochemical Research 39(2), 2014.

K. Medicherla, "Oral administration of geraniol ameliorates acute experiemental murine colitis by inhibiting pro-‐inflammatory cytokines and NF-‐kB signaling," Food Funct, 2015.

M.A. Apel, "Anti-‐inflammatory activity of essential oil from leaves of Myrciaria tenella and Calycorectes sellowianus," Pharm Biol 48(4), 2010.

A.P. Rogerio et al., "Preventative and therapeutic anti-‐inflammatory properties of the sesquiterpene alpha-‐humulene in experimental airways allergic inflammation," British J. Pharmacology 158(4), 2009.

M.I. Silva, " Central nervous system activity of acute administration of isopulegol in mice," Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 88(2), 2007.

C. Cavaleiro, "Antifungal activity of the essential oil of Angelica major against Candida, Cryptococcus, Aspergillus dermatophyte species," J Natural Medicine 69(2), 2015.

P.M. Zygmunt et al., "delta-‐9-‐tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabinol activate capsaicin-‐sensitive sensory nerves via a CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptor-‐independent mechanism," Journal of Neuroscience 22, 2002.

Questions regarding the results and/or the interpretations described within this report can be addressed to Zacariah Hildenbrand at [email protected] or 915-‐694-‐7132

N. Shingyo and V. Di Marzo, "The effect of cannabichromene on adult neural stem/progenitor cells," Neurochemistry International 63, 2013.

Y. Tambe et al., "Gastric cytoprotection of the non-‐steroidal anti-‐inflammatory sesquiterpene, beta-‐caryophyllene," Planta Med 62, 1996.

T.G. do Vale et al., "Central effects of citral, myrcene and limonene, constituents of essential oil chemotypes from Lippia alba," Phytomedicine 9, 2002.

D.M. Vigushin et al., "Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of d-‐limonene in patients with advanced cancer," Cancer Chemotherapy Pharmacology 42, 1998.

E.T. Wargent et al., "The cannabinoid delta-‐9-‐tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) ameliorates insulin sensitivity in two mouse models of obesity," Nutritional Diabetes 27, 2013.

D. Yang et al., "Use of caryophyllene oxide and an anti-‐fungal agent in an in vitro experimental model of onychomycosis," Mycopathologia 148, 1999.

S. Sarfaraz et al., "Cannabinoids for cancer treatment: progress and promise," Cancer Research 68, 2008.

12/18/2015 12:10:03 PM Page 1 / 1

C:?LabSolutions?Data?18 Dec 2015?DCBD-1_002.lcd

C4 Laboratories, LLCSample Name : DCBD-1Sample ID : Errl CupData Filename : DCBD-1_002.lcdMethod Filename : 10 Cannabinoids Standard Method mgperLv4.lcmBatch Filename : Batch v4.lcbVial # : 1-38 Sample Type : FlowerInjection Volume : 5 uLDate Acquired : 12/18/2015 11:10:04 AM Acquired by : Aaron J. HicksDate Processed : 12/18/2015 11:17:05 AM Processed by : Sean S. Jun

Cannabinoids by HPLC

min

mAU

1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0

0

50

100

150

200 PDA Multi 1 220nm,4nm

CBD

-A /

13.7

54 %

CBN

/ 0.

391

%

TH

C /

1.05

6 %

CBC

/ 0.

346

% T

HC

-A /

8.23

3 %

Cannabinoids

"Patient protection through true science"

C4 Laboratories, LLC1930 S. Alma School RdSuite B202Mesa, AZ 85210www.c4lab.com

PDARet. Time

-- 2.206

------

2.762 3.246

-- 3.376 3.638

Area--

352505 ------

13590 22077

-- 7223

197602

Conc.--

13.754%------

0.391% 1.056%

-- 0.346% 8.233%

Name CBD-V CBD-A CBG CBD THC-V CBN THC d8-THC CBC THC-A

C4#Laboratories,#LLC Suite#B202 - Errl Cup

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