C O N T E N T S Vet Info-H Research at...

Ayurveda is India’s traditional, natural system of medicine that has been practiced for more than 5000 years. Ayurveda is a Sanskrit word that combines 2 words—Ayur, meaning life, and Veda, meaning science. Therefore, literally Ayurveda means “science of life” or “practices of longevity.”

Vet Info-HC O N T E N T S

Himalaya’s Animal Health Digest, for You • Vol I • No 1 • Oct–Dec 2012

Research at Himalaya . . . .2Disease Info . . . . . . . . . . . .3Breed Profile . . . . . . . . . . .3Companion Care . . . . . . . .4Wildlife Special . . . . . . . . .5

Natural Secrets . . . . . . . . .5Vet Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5Product Focus . . . . . . . . . .6Humor Corner . . . . . . . . . .7Brain Teasers . . . . . . . . . . .7

Ayurveda News

Himalaya Animal Health proudly announces the launch of its quarterly newsletter “Vet Info-H.” The aim of this newsletter is to keep our esteemed veterinary professionals and budding veterinarians across various colleges in India updated on the latest news, developments, and global researches related to the field of veterinary science.

This inaugural issue begins with an article on Ayurveda and its growing role in the field of veterinary science. In addition, an ensuing article provides an insight into research and development activities carried out at The Himalaya Drug Company.

After a long consideration, we have composed some regular features such as Companion Care, Wildlife Special, and Natural Secrets. This issue also features a short write-up on Holstein-Friesian, the highest milk producing cow.

The last section is fun-filled, with jokes and brain teasers to keep you entertained.

We eagerly look forward to your views and suggestions to make this newsletter more useful and informative. Do send your valuable feedback to [email protected].

Enjoy reading!

— Editor

E D I T O R I A L Himalaya Animal Health

The Himalaya Drug Company (HDC) was founded in the year 1930, with a clear vision to bring the ancient science of life, Ayurveda, to modern society in a contemporary form and to unravel the mystery behind the 5000-year-old system of medicine.

The Animal Health Division of HDC, established in the year 1998, extended its expertise in phytopharmaceuticals to create natural drugs for animal health care. It draws its strength from ancient ayurvedic knowledge subjected to extensive research and development in order to provide scientifically developed herbal formulations to veterinarians and farmers worldwide.

The products in this range alleviate the suffering of animals and help in improving their health.

On realizing the importance of companion animals in today’s life, HDC launched the companion animal care range of products in the year 2000.

Ayurveda – Then and Now

Development of AyurvedaDuring 800 BC to 1000 AD, Ayurveda enjoyed unquestioned patronage and traditional support of patients and communities in which it was practiced. This led to the maximal growth of Ayurveda. In addition, the systematic ground work of laying down its basic concepts, approaches to treatment, principles, etc. took place during this period.

During the era of British rule in India, Ayurveda went through a period of decline while the Western medical education became dominant. By the beginning of 20th century, ayurvedic physicians began to organize into professional associations to promote the case for national recognition and funding. After India gained its independence in 1947, Ayurveda was recognized as an official form of medicine and in due course of time was accorded a similar status as that enjoyed by the dominant allopathic medicine.

At present, Ayurveda is prevalent in most developed countries across the globe. It helps in dealing with both the preventive and curative aspects of diseases in a more comprehensive way. It also presents a close similarity to the WHO’s concept of health propounded in the modern era.

2 Vet Info-H • Oct–Dec 2012 • Vol I • No 1 www.himalayahealthcare.com

The mission at Himalaya is to bring Ayurveda to

the world in a contemporary form by making use of cutting edge knowledge research and producing ayurvedic products of pharmaceutical-grade. These products help thousands of people to live healthier and richer lives owing to their natural, effective, and safe ingredients. Himalaya touches the lives of people in many ways with over 250 products, including pharmaceutical, personal care, foods, general health, baby care, and animal health.

Research at Himalaya begins with the selection of raw herbs chosen from traditional literature followed by an in-depth investigation that involves extensive laboratory tests and screening of active markers using various in-vitro models. Further, these active

markers are passed through different solvents to eliminate undesired waste fractions from the plant. Every product of Himalaya undergoes such rigorous testing, analogous to conventional medicines. Products are monitored for quality right from the herb-farming stage till it reaches the retailers shelf. Drugs produced using molecular technology act quickly and effectively, exhibit higher bioavailability, and are devoid of contaminants.

Himalaya follows the International Guidelines for Good Agricultural Practices and Good Harvesting Practices. Several tests are carried out on the raw materials to detect fungal and microbial loads, pesticides, aflatoxins, and heavy metal contents. By following this quality assurance process, a batch-to-batch consistency is maintained. Multicentered,

double-blind trials according to WHO criteria further assist in scientifically validating the formulations.

The manufacturing unit at Himalaya is one of the largest tablet-coating units in Asia, with 5-billion tablets coated annually.

The principle followed at Himalaya is to give back what is taken from the environment and it is owing to this initiative that Himalaya was awarded the ISO-14001-2004 certification – a globally recognized standard for environment management. Over the years, several steps have been taken to conserve water, power, and reduce pollution, and one of them is planting of millions of trees. In addition, Himalaya works closely with the local communities by economically empowering and encouraging them to produce herbs, thus ensuring their prosperity.

Himalaya Animal Health Range

Himalaya’s R&D Center

• Has over 100 multi-disciplinary scientists.

• Is ISO-9001:2000 certified.

• Has been recognized as a Research Center by the Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka, India.

• Certified Good Laboratory Practices.

• Is the first ayurvedic facility in India to receive the WHO GMP certification.

• Uses molecular technology for herb research, which has helped develop more effective drugs for different diseases.

Livestock AquaculturePoultry

Research at Himalaya

Bangalore, India.Companion

2 Vet Info-H • Oct–Dec 2012 • Vol I • No 1 www.himalayahealthcare.com www.himalayahealthcare.com Oct–Dec 2012 • Vol I • No 1 • Vet Info-H 3

Having originated in Europe, the major historical development of Holstein cows occurred in what is now the Netherlands and, more specifically, in the 2 northern provinces of North Holland and Friesland. The original stock comprised black animals and white animals of the Batavians and Friesians, migrant European tribes who settled in the Rhine Delta region about 2000 years ago. Holstein cows are easily recognizable by their distinctive color markings and outstanding milk production.

For many years, the Dutch breeders bred and oversaw the development of the breed with the goal of obtaining animals that would make best use of grass, the area’s most abundant resource. The intermingling of these animals evolved into efficient, high-milk producing black-and-white cows.

Physical Characteristics Holstein cows are large, stylish animals with color patterns of black and white or red and white. A healthy Holstein calf weighs about 90 pounds or more at birth. A mature Holstein cow weighs about 1500 pounds and stands 58 inches tall at the shoulder. While some cows may live considerably longer, the normal productive life of a Holstein cow is 6 years.

Superior PerformanceHolstein cows are popular for various reasons such as unexcelled production, greater income over feed costs, unequaled genetic merit, adaptability to a wide range of environmental conditions, and more profits for the dairy producer who milks them.

The breed currently averages 7655 L/year throughout 3.2 lactations with pedigree animals averaging 8125 L/year over an average of 3.43 lactations. By adding, lifetime production therefore stands at around 26,000 L.

Breed Profile

The World’s Highest Milk Producing Cow

Holstein Cow

Disease Info

Babesiosis, also called redwater or cattle tick fever, is a tick-borne disease caused by Babesia species that infect the red blood cells (RBCs). Of all the Babesia species, Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina are the 2 forms of babesioses that cause morbidity and mortality in cattle. These parasites invade the RBCs where they multiply and break out to invade more RBCs. The disease is transmitted exclusively by ticks that become infected when they ingest parasites in the blood of infected cattle. These infections can be passed on to the next generation through eggs.

CauseBabesiosis is caused by 2 species of Babesia: B bovis and B bigemina. Of the 2 species, B bovis is by far the most important as it causes about 80% of outbreaks and an even higher percentage of deaths. Both Babesia species are single-celled organisms that develop in the RBCs of cattle and are transmitted by the cattle tick, Boophilus microplus.

Clinical SignsFever is the most common clinical sign noticed 1 to 3 weeks after an infective tick bite. It causes abortion in pregnant cows. Animals become inappetent, depressed, and pass red colored urine. Mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, and mouth become yellow due to anemia and jaundice. In cases with severe B bovis infection, nervous signs, incoordination, paralysis, and coma are presented, which often lead to death.

Babesia infections can range from unapparent to acute severe diseases. In severe cases, animals often die within 1 or 2 days of onset of clinical signs. In less severe cases, infected cattle have fever lasting for about a week and remain sick for about 3 weeks. These groups of animals recover slowly and remain permanent carriers of the disease for the rest of their lives.

Babesiosis


PET

NAMES

Canine Liver DiseaseCanine liver disease is a term used to describe a disease or disorder

affecting the liver of dogs. It may be acute or chronic. It is among the top 5 leading causes of non-accidental deaths in dogs.

Liver is the largest internal organ and is responsible for a number of essential bodily functions.

Liver and its FunctionsThe liver is a large, dark red organ located in the front part of the abdomen, just behind the diaphragm. It has a tremendous capacity to regenerate and can easily perform its functions even when 70% to 80% of its liver mass is affected by some disease. It is also one of the most important and complex organs performing multiple functions, and is prone to diverse disorders. It performs many essential functions such as detoxification of waste, production of proteins, metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids, production of vitamins, and storage of nutrients.

Symptoms of Canine Liver DiseaseThe early signs of liver disease are variable, subtle, and nonspecific. They include loss of appetite, loss of weight, and chronic intermittent vomiting and diarrhea. Vomiting is more prevalent than diarrhea. The need to drink and urinate more often than normal may be the first signs, and the principal reasons

Companion Care

for seeking medical attention. Other symptoms include ascites, jaundice, and abdominal pain.

Causes of Canine Liver DysfunctionIn many cases the liver is affected secondarily to a problem that originates elsewhere in the body. Following are certain manifestations observed:

1. Inflammation- Occurs due to many reasons such as trauma, drugs, viruses, bacteria, bile, and toxins that usually lead to hepatitis.

2. Hemolytic anemia - Decreases the oxygen available to liver cells and leads to their death, thus causing liver damage.

3. Infection (bacteria, viruses, and fungi)- Causes specific liver diseases such as infectious canine hepatitis, canine herpes virus, feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), leptospirosis, abscesses, histoplasmosis, coccidiomycosis, and toxoplasmosis.

4. Heartworms - Blocks blood flow into the liver, thereby causing liver failure.

5. Toxin - Affects the liver when ingested through food, water, and in the form of drugs (ketaconazole, acetaminophen, glucocorticoids, anthelmintics, and phenobarbital [epilepsy medication]).

6. Pancreatitis - Causes liver damage when it occurs with digestive enzymes.

Liv.52 Vet* is a natural hepatoprotective formulation that acts synergistically and protects the liver from various chemicals and toxins. It also helps in overcoming anorexia of varied etiologies.

Liv.52 Vet restores the metabolic functions of liver by protecting the hepatic parenchyma and promoting hepatocellular regeneration. Antioxidant activity of Liv.52 Vet prevents loss of functional integrity of cell membrane and ensures early restoration of hepatic functions in infective hepatitis.

Efficacy of Liv.52 Vet tablets in the management of 20 dogs with ascites caused by primary liver disorders was evaluated in a study.1 The dogs were divided into 2 groups: the control group with 5 dogs and the treatment group with 15 dogs. Results showed significant improvement in 11 dogs treated with Liv.52

Vet. There was a significant reduction in the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and an increase in the levels of albumin in dogs treated with Liv.52 Vet. The herbs, Cichorium intybus (Kasani) and Solanum nigrum (Kakamachi), present in Liv.52 Vet possess potent antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities that prevent oxidative damage of the cells and promote hepatocellular repair and regeneration. Thus, it can be concluded that Liv.52 Vet tablet is safe and effective in the management of dogs with ascites, caused by primary

liver disorders.

Liv.52 Vet can be used as an adjuvant in the management of canine and feline viral hepatitis, treatment of anorexia of hepatic origin, and as a growth promoter.

Efficacy of Liv.52 Vet in the Treatment of Primary Liver Disorders

PET

NAMES

FEMALE MALESasha Scrappy

Reference

1. Umesh KG. Veterinarian. 2000:24.*One Liv.52 Vet tablet equals ½ tablet of Liv.52 forte


Adhatoda vasica, a gregarious, evergreen, highly branched shrub, is commonly found in the tropical regions of India, Sri Lanka, Burma, Pakistan, and China. Vasicine and vasicinone are the major active components of A vasica. Other active components include adhatodine, anisotinine, betaine, vasakin, vasicinine, vasicinol, and vasicolinone.

Documentation of ethnomedical use of leaves of A vasica supports its activity in controlling hemorrhage.1,2 Studies indicate that vasicine, one of the principal constituents of A vasica, helps to control postpartum hemorrhage. Experimental studies have shown that repeated oral and intramuscular administration of vasicine hydrochloride resulted in an increase in platelet count in normal rats, mice, rabbits, and dogs. The increase in platelet number was found to be associated with hyperplasia

Sanskrit name Vasaka

English name Malabar nut

Wildlife Special Natural Secrets

Classification

Kingdom Animalia

Phylum Chordata

Class Mammalia

Order Carnivora

Family Felidae

Genus Acinonyx

Species Jubatus

Commonly found in sub-Saharan Africa, the name “cheetah” comes from a Hindi word meaning “spotted one” or from the Sanskrit word “Chitraka.” They are the world’s fastest land animals and the most unique and specialized species of the cat family.

Physical CharacteristicsAdult cheetahs weigh 110 to 140 pounds (39–65 kg). They are adapted for brief but intense bursts of speed. Over short distances, they can sprint up to 70 miles/h. Built for speed, they have long, slim, muscular legs; a small, rounded head set on a long neck; a flexible spine; a deep chest; special pads on their feet for traction; and a long tail for balance. They are the only cat species that cannot retract their claws, an adaptation to help maintain traction like a soccer player’s cleats. Distinctive black “tear tracks” running from the inside corner of each eye to the mouth serve as an antiglare mechanism for daytime hunting.

BehaviorThe cheetahs are basically solitary animals. They do not roar like lions, but they purr, hiss, whine, and growl. They also make a variety of contact calls — the most common being the birdlike chirping sound.

DietCheetahs usually prey on small antelopes, but they also hunt small mammals and birds. Unlike most other cats, they usually hunt during daylight, preferring early morning or early evening.

GestationThe gestation period of cheetahs is about 90 to 95 days.

Cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus)

PredatorsDespite their speed and hunting prowess, cheetahs fall prey to changing habitats, eagles, humans, hyenas, lions, and other stronger predators.

LifespanCheetahs have a lifespan of about 10 to 20 years.

Adhatoda vasica

1. What is the common name for papilloma?

A.Mole B.Fattytumor C.Wart D.Blockedtear

duct

2. Myositis is inflammation of _____. A.PeritoniumB.Sclera

C.Muscle D.Thyroidgland

3. The word “caudal” refers to a position closest to ______.

A.Forelimb B.Hindlimb C.Tail D.Head

4. There are approximately _____

species of ticks worldwide. A.1000 B.125 C.850 D.339

5. What animal is called a “Chinese Brown?”

A.Dog B.Cat C.Goose D.Duck

Vet Quiz

Adhatoda vasica is an ingredient of Styplon Vet Bolus

of megakaryocytes. These findings suggest that A vasica is helpful in controlling hemorrhages.3

A vasica is prescribed commonly for local bleeding, and bleeding due to idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and peptic ulcers.4

References1. Dhankhar S, et al. AJPS. 2011;5(11):

620–627.

2. Rangari PK, et al. Int J Pharm Sci. 2012;1(1):70–74.

3. Rancha B, et al. Indo-Glob J Pharm Sci. 2011;1(1):85–98.

4. Claeson UP, et al. J Ethnopharmacol. 2000;72:1–20.

Editor in chief: Dr Pralhad S Patki • Managing Editor: Dr Jayashree B Keshav • Editorial Team: Shruthi VB, Dr Latha S, Laxmi Ramaswamy, Shruthi VK • Layout Artists: Dayananda Rao S, Santosh G Advisors: Dr Ritesh Sood, Dr Abhishek P Adsul, Dr Balamurugan E, Dr Vishwanath Bhagwath • Edited and published by Animal Health Division, The Himalaya Drug Company, Makali, Bangalore-562123.

Printed at M/s Ravi Graphics, #53/8, 2nd Main Road, Industrial Town, Rajajinagar, Bangalore-560010.


Introduction and AimHemorrhage is defined as loss of blood or excessive discharge of blood from blood vessels; it can be either external or internal. Excessive bleeding in animals is a very dangerous situation that needs quick attention. The blood flow must be suppressed as soon as possible, as there is a risk of the animal going into shock. The causes of bleeding include traumatic injuries (eg, epistaxis); surgical wounds (cesarean section, cystotomy); presence of calculi in the urethra or urinary bladder; infections causing enteritis, cystitis, urethritis, mastitis, hemogalactia, hematuria, blood in stools, etc.

Keeping these in view, an on-field trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Styplon Vet bolus as a supportive therapy in the management of hemorrhagic conditions (hematuria, hemogalactia, bleeding wounds, uterine bleeding, and epistaxis) of ruminants.

Materials and MethodsA total of 40 ruminants (of which 30 ruminants included Jersey cows, Holstein cows, and some non-descriptive

Product Focus

Efficacy of Styplon Vet Bolus as a Supportive Therapy in the Management of Hemorrhagic Conditions of RuminantsRavikumar BR, et al.

Vet World. 2009;2(12):470–471.

breeds; while 8 included buffaloes of Surti and Murrah breeds, and 2 included sheep of Bannur breed) were enrolled for the field trial.

Cows and buffaloes were administered with Styplon Vet 1-2 boli twice daily while the sheep received Styplon Vet ½ bolus twice daily, until they recovered clinically. A standard management practice was followed throughout the trial period. A hemorrhagic condition was diagnosed based on the history and clinical examinations. The time until cessation of bleeding was recorded.

Efficacy of the therapy was judged on the basis of clinical recovery and disappearance

of clinical symptoms. Styplon Vet bolus was used as a supportive (rapid acting styptic/coagulating agent) therapy in the management of hemorrhagic conditions of ruminants.

ResultsHematuriaIn 31.57% cases, blood in urine ceased in 2 days, whereas in 47.34% and 21.04% cases it ceased in 3 and 4 days, respectively, upon the administration of Styplon Vet bolus as a supportive therapy to antibacterials.

Hemogalactia Blood in milk had ceased in 50% of cases on days 2

and 3 of Styplon Vet bolus administration along with antibacterials.

Bleeding woundsBoth external and internal wounds were treated with Styplon Vet bolus. In 75% cases, bleeding from wound had stopped in 2 days, whereas in the remaining 25% cases it ceased in 3 days from the day of administration of Styplon Vet bolus.

Uterine bleedingOn days 2, 3, and 5 of Styplon Vet bolus administration, 20% of each of the uterine bleeding cases had recovered whereas in the remaining 40% cases, bleeding was arrested in 4 days.

EpistaxisStyplon Vet bolus had arrested bleeding in 3 days in 75% cases and in 4 days in 25% cases.

ConclusionThe styptic/hemostatic activity of Styplon Vet bolus could be due to the synergistic actions of various ingredients in the formulation. No adverse effects were observed throughout the trial period. The results indicated that Styplon Vet bolus is a safe and an effective styptic for ruminants.


A man once tried to sell his neighbor a new dog. “This is a talking dog,” he said. “And you can have him for 5 dollars.”

The neighbor said, “Who do you think you’re kidding with this talking dog stuff? There isn’t any such animal.”

Suddenly the dog looked up with tears in his eyes. “Please buy me, Sir,” he pleaded. “This man is cruel. He never buys me a meal, never bathes me, and never takes me for a walk. I used to be the richest trick dog in America. I performed before kings. I was in the army and was decorated 10 times.”

“Hey!” said the neighbor. “He can talk. Why do you want to sell him for just 5 dollars?”

“Because,” said the seller, “I am tired of all his lies.”

• • •

One day a cat dies of natural causes and goes to heaven.

The lord greets him and says, “You’ve lived a good life. If there is any way by which I can make your stay in heaven more comfortable, please let me know.”

The cat thinks for a minute and says “Well, all my life I lived with a poor family and had to sleep on a wooden

floor...”

The lord stops the cat and says “Say no more!” Just then a wonderful fluffy pillow appears and the cat contentedly wanders off to find a good place to nap.

A few days later 6 mice killed in a tragic farming accident go to heaven. The lord greets them with the same offer. The mice answer, “All our lives we’ve been chased. We’ve had to run from cats, from tractors, and from the farmer’s wife with her broom. We’re tired of running...”

“Say no more!” The lord replies. In a flash, each mouse is fitted with a beautiful pair of roller skates, and they skate off happily to explore the heavenly landscape.

About a week later the lord stops by to see the cat and finds him snoozing away. He gently awakens the cat and asks, “How are things since you got here?”

The cat stretches, yawns, and replies “Oh, it is wonderful here. I get generous amount of sleep on this pillow, and those Meals on Wheels you’ve been sending are the BEST!!!”

• • •

Humor Corner Brain Teasers

Place the 4 numbers in the first, third, fifth, and seventh boxes and the operators you want to use in the second, fourth, and sixth boxes in the correct order to get the answer . Use the numbers only once .

Operators: + –×÷

How many words of 4 or more letters can you make from the letters shown in the picture?

RulesEvery word can use a letter only once and must contain the central letter . There should be one 7-lettered word .

Ratings 03=Average; 04=Good; 05=Outstanding .

M

O

I

S

N

CR

= 24

5 3 8 8

= 6

2 3 3 3

= 58

8 2 6 2

Ayurveda News

Natural Secrets

Wildlife Special

Disease Info

We have made a sincere attempt of putting up a comprehensive newsletter on animal health. To improve this newsletter, we welcome your vital feedback/suggestions through letter or e-mail. Thank you.

Editor, Scientific Publications Division, The Himalaya Drug Company, Makali, Tumkur Road, Bangalore - 562123 . Karnataka India

E-mail : [email protected] sowa

Principles of Ayurvedic Formulations

Coming Up in the Next Issue Your FEEDBACK Matters to Us!

A N S W E R S

Baird’s Tapir— An Endangered Species

Digestive System Disorders

3+5+8+8=24

3×2–3+3= 6

2+8×6–2=58

Figure it Out ()

Bull’s Eye (Page 7)

Quiz (Page 5)

Crimson, micron, minor, morn, norm

1.Wart2.Muscle3.Tail4.8505.Duck.

www.himalayahealthcare.comE-mail: [email protected]

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