C N I D A R I A - Sewanhaka High School...intro – 1:48 1. RADIAL SYMMETRY MOUTH IN CENTER OF BODY...
Transcript of C N I D A R I A - Sewanhaka High School...intro – 1:48 1. RADIAL SYMMETRY MOUTH IN CENTER OF BODY...
C N I D A R I A THOSE PESKY
ANIMALS WITH
STINGING CELLS!!!
CNIDARIA MEANS “STINGING CELL”
BASIC ORGANISM TYPES
HYDRA
JELLYFISH
SEA
ANEMONE
CORAL
cnidaria intro – 1:48
1. RADIAL SYMMETRY
MOUTH IN CENTER OF
BODY SURROUNDED
BY TENTACLES
PROVIDES FOOD &
PROTECTION FROM
ALL SIDES
TENTACLES MOUTH
2. ONE OPENING SYSTEM FOOD ENTERS THE
MOUTH & IS DIGESTED
IN THE STOMACH
WASTES ARE EXCRETED
THROUGH THE MOUTH
WASTES,
GAMETES
OUT
REPRODUCTIVE CELLS
(SPERM/EGG) (GAMETES)
ARE RELEASED FROM THE
MOUTH
FOOD IN
STINGING CELLS
CALLED CNIDOCYTES
COVER TENTACLES
FOR PROTECTION & TO
CAPTURE PREY
CNIDARIANS ARE
PASSIVE CARNIVORES
3. TENTACLES WITH
STINGING CELLS
catching food – 2:12
4. TWO TISSUE LAYERS
1. EPIDERMIS –
OUTER LAYER
2. GASTRODERMIS –
STOMACH CAVITY
MESOGLEA – JELLY-LIKE
MATERIAL BETWEEN TISSUE
LAYERS
ABUNDANT IN JELLYFISH
TO HELP THEM FLOAT
5. NERVE NET
NERVES COVER THE
BODY BUT CAN NOT
TELL THE
DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN BODY
PARTS.
THERE IS NO BRAIN
POLYP CHARACTERISTICS
1. LOCOMOTION - STATIONARY
2. TENTACLES – EXTEND UPWARD
3. MOUTH – ON TOP OF BODY
4. MESOGLEA – VERY LITTLE
5. PEDAL DISK – USED FOR
ATTACHMENT
6. EXAMPLES – HYDRA, CORAL,
SEA ANEMONES
RINGED ANEMONE
RMJA
RETRACTED ANEMONE
RMJA
sea anemone fight – 1:22
MEDUSA CHARACTERISTICS
1. LOCOMOTION – MOBILE/FLOAT
2. TENTACLES – HANG DOWN
3. MOUTH – UNDERNEATH BODY
4. MESOGLEA – HELPS IT TO FLOAT
5. STATOCYSTS – SPECIAL CELLS
FOR BALANCE
6. EXAMPLES – JELLYFISH
5. ORAL ARMS – TO HOLD PREY
MOON JELLYFISH
SEA WASP – BOX JELLYFISH
RMJA
jellyfish video – 4:38
FEEDING BEHAVIOR
2. CNIDOCYTES – COVER THE TENTACLES,
(stinging cells) THEY CONTAIN NEMATOCYCSTS
3. NEMATOCYSTS - STINGING THREADS
1. TENTACLES - ARM-LIKE EXTENSIONS
AROUND THE MOUTH
2. CNIDOCYTE
4. TRIGGER
1. TENTACLES
3. NEMATOCYST
4. TRIGGER - RELEASE THE NEMATOCYST
WHEN TOUCHED
FORMATION OF CORAL REEFS
CORAL REEFS ARE BUILT BY MILLIONS OF CORAL
POLYPS OVER THOUSANDS OF YEARS
EACH POLYP CREATES A “CUP” OF CALCIUM
CARBONATE TO LIVE IN
CORALS REPRODUCE ASEXUALLY BY BUDDING, THIS
PROCESS HELPS COLONIES TO GROW
OLD SKELETONS
“CUPS”
POLYPS ARE
CONNECTED
FORMATION OF CORAL REEFS
CORALS REPRODUCE SEXUALLY ONCE A YEAR BY
RELEASING SEX CELLS INTO THE WATER.
THIS HELPS TO ESTABLISH NEW COLONIES
CORAL SPAWNING – 2:55
HARD CORALS
REEF BUILDERS –
USE CALCIUM FOR SKELETON
EACH SPECIES HAS A UNIQUE
COLONY & CUP DESIGN
EXAMPLES:
BRAIN,
ELKHORN,
STAR
BRANCHING CORAL POLYPS
RMBO
LACE CORAL
RMBO
BRANCHING CORAL - night
RMBO
BRANCHING CORAL - day
RMBO
BOULDER CORAL - night
RMBO
BOULDER CORAL - day
RMBO
BOULDER CORAL POLYPS
RMBO
ROSE CORAL
RMBO
LETTUCE CORAL
RMJA
FLOWER CORAL w/ ARROW CRAB
RMJA
ORANGE CUP CORAL
RMJA
SOFT CORALS SECRETE CALCIUM SPICULES IN A FLEXIBLE
SUBSTANCE CALLED GORGONIN
EX: SEA FANS, SEA WHIPS
GIANT SEA WHIP DAN
RMBO
SEA PLUME
RMBO
PURPLE SEA FANS
RMBO
DEEP-SEA FAN
RMBO
FIRE CORALS & HYDRAS
NOT TRUE CORALS
THEY ARE HYDRA WHICH CREATE
A HARD STRUCTURE
FIRE CORAL STINGS RESULT IN EXTREME
IRRITATION ON SKIN
RMJA RMJA
FIRE CORAL
RMPR
FERN HYDROID
RMPR
HERMIT CRAB WITH HYDRA
TUBULERIA HYDROIDS
RMNY
PORTUGUESE MAN OF WAR
ACTUALLY A COLONY
OF 4 TYPES OF POLYPS
1. create the float.
2. make the tentacles.
3. digests the food.
4. perform reproduction.
SYMBIOTIC
RELATIONSHIPS
EACH ORGANISM HELPS THE OTHER TO
SURVIVE, LIKE BEST FRIENDS.
1. SEA ANEMONE & SMALL FISH OR SHRIMP
BENEFIT FOR FISH OR SHRIMP:
BENEFIT FOR THE ANEMONE:
GET PROTECTION & FOOD SCRAPS
PREY IS ATTRACTED TO OTHER ANIMAL
INCREASING CHANCE OF FOOD
2. JELLYFISH & SMALL FISH
SAME RELATIONSHIP
AS ABOVE
FISH AND SHRIMP CLEAN
THE TENTACLES
Large jelly with “medusa
fish”
ANEMONE w/cleaner shrimp
RMBO
SEA ANEMONE & HERMIT CRABS
BENEFIT FOR ANEMONE - MOBILITY & EXTRA FOOD FROM CRAB
BENEFIT FOR HERMIT CRAB - PROTECTION & CAMOUFLAGE
HERMIT CRAB WITH ANEMONES
symbiosis – 3:16
CORALS EXPEL THE ALGAE
FROM THEIR BODIES & TURN WHITE
(ALGAE GAVE THEM COLOR). THEY WILL
STARVE & DIE WITHOUT THE ALGAE.
4. CORAL & ZOOXANTHELLAE ALGAE
ALGAE CELLS LIVE IN THE TISSUES OF
THESE ANIMALS.
THEY PRODUCE FOOD (GLUCOSE)
FOR THE CORAL
THE CORAL PROVIDES A HOME
CORAL BLEACHING
Coral Bleaching video – click once to play
COMB JELLIES PHYLUM CTENOPHORA
DO NOT HAVE STINGING
CELLS USE CILIA TO
FILTER WATER
BASIC CHARACTERISTICS:
TENTACLES ARE STICKY
TO CATCH FOOD
MOST CREATE LIGHT THROUGH
BIOLUMINESCENCE
COMB JELLY
COMB JELLY
Up Close & Personal
with a
Sea
Anemone
TENTACLES –
capture prey & carry
food to the mouth
MOUTH RING –
expands & contracts
to open & close
around different food
SEPTA – walls which
secrete enzymes &
absorb nutrients
PEDAL DISK –
muscular tissue for
attachment to surface ACONTIA –
filaments used for
defense & digestion
GONADS – produce
sperm & egg cells for
sexual reproduction
BODY WALL –
has muscles for
contraction &
expansion
STOMACH –
cavity where
digestion occurs