C hapter 15 S ection 1 E nergy and I ts F orms. Work and energy are closely related. When work is...
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Transcript of C hapter 15 S ection 1 E nergy and I ts F orms. Work and energy are closely related. When work is...
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Chapter 15
Section 1
Energy and Its Forms
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Work and energy are closely related. When work is done on an object, energy is
transferred to that object.
Many forms of energy can be classified into two general types: kinetic energy
and potential energy.
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•The sun gives off energy in the forms of heat and light.•Plants convert sunlight into
food than we can eat.•People convert food energy
into muscle movement.
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The kinetic energy of any moving object depends upon its mass and speed.
Kinetic Energy
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Potential Energy that depends upon an object’s height is called gravitational potential energy. It increases when an object is raised to a higher level.
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Energy of each type can be converted into other forms of energy.
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Further Examples and Explanation of Energy
• Mechanical energy - the sum (total) of an object’s potential energy and kinetic energy.
• Thermal energy - really a measure of how fast an object’s atoms are
moving.
• Chemical energy - when these bonds are broken, the released energy can do work.
• Electrical energy - Batteries convert chemical energy to electrical energy. Lightning is electrical energy.
• Electromagnetic energy - a form of energy that travels through space in the form of waves. Because they can travel long distances through air and space, they are often used for communication.
• Nuclear energy - Nuclear power plants use fission – splitting the nuclei of atoms apart to release energy. The sun uses fusion – two hydrogen nuclei combine the larger helium nuclei. (A tiny amount of mass is lost in the process – which produces huge amounts of energy.)