C. difficile current Australian surveillance · C. difficile : current Australian surveillance...
Transcript of C. difficile current Australian surveillance · C. difficile : current Australian surveillance...
C. difficile : current Australian surveillance August 2010
Dr Helen Van Gessel
Office of Safety and Quality in Healthcare, WA Health
Surveillance is :
• ongoing systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data
• essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice,
• integrated with the timely dissemination of these data to those who need to know.
• application of these data to prevention and control (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1988).
HAI surveillance ‐ who and how
• Local hospital infection control teams
• International definitions and methodology evolved since 1970s – estd infrastructure
• Usually requires clinical interpretation +/‐laboratory data
• Jurisdictional HAI surveillance systems –minimum data set, standardised methods, validation, analysis and feedback
• National HAI surveillance in evolution
CDI surveillance
• Hospital‐based monitoring since 1980s
• Variety of surveillance definitions in use 1990s / early 2000s
• International consensus 2007 widely accepted
(McDonald ICHE 2007, SHEA 2010, ESCMID 2009)
Case definition
Case of diarrhoea (i.e. unformed stool that conforms to the shape of a specimen collection container) OR toxic megacolon AND one or more of:
1.Stool sample yields a positive result for C. difficile toxin presence or production
2.Pseudomembranous colitis endoscopy / surgery
3.Pseudomembranous colitis histopath
• Exposure classification, recurrent disease, severe disease, analysis and reporting
Case definition – lab‐based
Case of diarrhoea (i.e. unformed stool that conforms to the shape of a specimen collection container) OR toxic megacolon AND one or more of:
1.Stool sample yields a positive result for C. difficile toxin presence or production
2.Pseudomembranous colitis endoscopy / surgery
3.Pseudomembranous colitis histopath
• Exposure classification, recurrent disease, severe disease, analysis and reporting
Exposure classification
5 categories based on symptom onset / first test date + healthcare exposure history
CDI surveillance in Australia
• National surveillance definition (COAG/ACSQHC) 2009 defines “Hospital CDI case”
• International case definition for lab based CDI surveillance
• Intended as minimum standard acute hospital CDI surveillance that can be collated
• Minimum data set = does not require case review, can extract from lab data
• Includes in / outpatients at a facility• Exclusions – repeat within 8 weeks; patients less than 2 years
Hospital CDI rate = number of cases / 10 000 patient days .
Can disaggregate or aggregate by ward / service unit / type of hospital / jurisdiction etc
CDI Surveillance in jurisdictions
• Implemented in South Australia, Western Australia, Tasmania (private and public), Queensland (public)
• Victoria implementation imminent• ACSQHC HAI Advisory Committee Technical Working Group implementation guide to support consistency
• Variation in organisational capacity / linkage
• Laboratory standardisation progressing in parallel
Hospital HCA-CDADHCA rate (per 10000
days)
A 1 0.4 (0-2.8)
B 4 3.3 (1-8.9)
C 12 1.5 (0.8-2.6)
D 20 1.6 (1.1-2.6)
E 6 2.2 (0.9-5.0)
F 3 0.5 (0.1-6.4)
G 0 0 (0 - 1.2)
H 0 0 (0 – 5.5)
I 0 0 (0 – 7.6)
Total 46 1.2 (0.9-1.6)
• 9 WA hospitals 2006, 6 months.
• Canadian surveillance definitions
• Variation in case detection, lab selection & testing
• Median 10 minutes / case
Van Gessel, Healthcare Infection 13(2) 56–62
Comprehensive CDI surveillance
• Recommended to monitor proportion of cases that are severe (NB French experience of 027). i.e. within 30 days of diagnosis admission to ICU / surgery / death from CDI
• Recommended to monitor exposure categorisation at ward, hospital or jurisdiction level (i.e. HCFO‐HCA, CO‐HCA etc) if capacity; priority; high rates; increasing rates
Summary – CDI surveillance
• Long standing hospital monitoring
• Consensus on definition and methods for CDI surveillance will augment this
• Consistency in national CDI surveillance– Monitor trends over time, detect outbreaks
– Examine differences (risk, abtc usage, prevention and control, epi)
– Evaluate interventions
Summary – CDI surveillance
• Long standing hospital monitoring
• Consensus on definition and methods for CDI surveillance will augment this
• Consistency in national CDI surveillance– Monitor trends over time, detect outbreaks
– Examine differences (risk, abtc usage, prevention and control, epi)
– Evaluate interventions