C-7 Early Human Migrations Geography of the Americas 1.
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Transcript of C-7 Early Human Migrations Geography of the Americas 1.
C-7C-7
Early Human Early Human MigrationsMigrations
Geography of the Americas1
Origins of the Origins of the Peoples of the Peoples of the Americas?Americas?
Origins of the Origins of the Peoples of the Peoples of the Americas?Americas?
Sculpture from the Sculpture from the AmericasAmericas
Chapter 7, Section
Were the earliest American civilization
Had powerful priests and aristocrats at the top of society
Built ceremonial centers
Spread influence through trade
Developed calendar
Introduced tradition of priestly leadership and religious devotion
Developed complex irrigation methods for farming
Built towering pyramid temples in Tikal
Traded extensively across Middle America
Developed hieroglyphic writing system
Developed accurate calendar and numbering system
Abandoned cities around A.D. 900
The Olmecs and the MayasThe Olmecs and the Mayas
OLMECS MAYAS
1
Major Pre-Columbian Major Pre-Columbian CivilizationsCivilizations
Lands of the Lands of the MayansMayans
The The Yucatan Yucatan
PeninsulaPeninsula
The The Yucatan Yucatan
PeninsulaPeninsula
Chichen-Itza - Chichen-Itza - PyramidPyramid
Chichen-Itza - Chichen-Itza - ObservatoryObservatory
Chichen-Itza - Ball Chichen-Itza - Ball CourtCourt
Mayan Mayan Cultivation Cultivation of of
MaizeMaize
Chac, God of Rain Chac, God of Rain
Chac, God of Rain Chac, God of Rain
Mayan Underground Mayan Underground Granaries: Granaries: ChultunesChultunes
Overview of Tikal Overview of Tikal (Guatemala)(Guatemala)Temple of the Temple of the
MasksMasksTemple of the Temple of the
MasksMasks
Tikal Jungle View at Tikal Jungle View at SunsetSunset
Tikal - Main CourtTikal - Main Court
Tikal:Tikal:
Temple Temple of the of the MasksMasks
Tikal - Wall Mask of Tikal - Wall Mask of the Rain Godthe Rain God
Mayan Mayan GlyphsGlyphs
Mayan Mayan MathematicsMathematics
sky king house child citysky king house child city sky king house child citysky king house child city
Mayan Mayan GlyphsGlyphs
Mayan Drinking Mayan Drinking Cup for ChocolateCup for Chocolate
PakalPakal: The Maya : The Maya AstronautAstronaut
Quetzalcoatl:The God of Wisdom The God of Wisdom
& Learning& Learning
Lands of the Lands of the AztecsAztecs
Chapter 7, Section
Arrival of the AztecsArrival of the Aztecs
• Teotihuacan-dominated Valley from 100AD-750AD• In the late 1200s, nomadic ancestors of the Aztecs
migrated into the Valley of Mexico.
• The Aztecs built the city of Tenochtitlán.
• In the 1400s, the Aztecs greatly expanded their territory through conquests and alliances.
1
By 1500, the Aztec empire spread from the Gulf of Mexico to the Pacific Ocean and numbered 30 million people.
Aztec View of Aztec View of TenochtitlanTenochtitlan
Ruins of the City Ruins of the City Center, TenochtitlanCenter, Tenochtitlan
The The Codex Codex
MendMendozaoza : :The The
FoundFoundingingofof
TenocTenochtitlahtitla
nn
Tenochtitlan: The Tenochtitlan: The “Venice” of the “Venice” of the
AmericasAmericas
Aztec Aztec ChinampaChinampa or or Floating Garden:Floating Garden:
15ft. to 30ft. wide15ft. to 30ft. wide
Tenochtitlan - Tenochtitlan - ChinampasChinampas
Aztec MathAztec Math
Aztec WritingAztec Writing
Aztec Sun Stone -- Aztec Sun Stone -- CalendarCalendar
Aztec Sun MotifsAztec Sun Motifs
Aztec Aztec CodexCodex (15c Manuscript)(15c Manuscript)
The The Aztecs Aztecs WereWereFierce Fierce WarriorsWarriors
Aztecs Sacrifice Aztecs Sacrifice Neighboring Tribes Neighboring Tribes to the Sun Godto the Sun God
Heart SacrificeHeart Sacrificeon an Aztec Temple on an Aztec Temple
PyramidPyramid
Wall of Skulls, Wall of Skulls, TenochtitlanTenochtitlan
Sacrificial Statue, Sacrificial Statue, TenochtitlanTenochtitlan
Aztec GoldAztec Gold
Chapter 7, Section
Aztec SocietyAztec Society
Priests recorded Aztec knowledge and ran schools for sons of nobles.
Some priests were astronomers or mathematicians.
Priests were a special class.
The sun god was the chief Aztec god.
Aztecs practiced human sacrifice on a massive scale.
The empire had a single ruler.
Slaves could own and buy freedom.
Long-distance traders traveled around the empire and beyond.
LEARNINGRELIGIONGOVERNMENT & SOCIETY
1
Lands of the Lands of the IncasIncas
Chapter 7, Section
The Incan Empire-Cuzco, capitalThe Incan Empire-Cuzco, capital
• They ran an efficient government with a chain of command reaching to every village.
• They imposed their own language and religion on the people.
• They created one of the great road systems in history, allowing armies and news to travel rapidly around the empire.
• They posted runners throughout the empire to carry news of revolts and soldiers to quickly crush them.
• They prohibited ordinary people from using the roads at all.
The Incas built a complex civilization that relied on order and absolute authority.
2
Cuzco: ACuzco: Ancient Capital ncient Capital of the Incaof the Inca
(11,000 ft. above sea level)(11,000 ft. above sea level)
Machu PicchuMachu Picchu
Machu PicchuMachu Picchu
Incan Suspension Bridges
Incan Suspension Bridges
Incan Terrace Incan Terrace FarmingFarming
Incan Digging Incan Digging SticksSticks
Maize in Incan Maize in Incan PotteryPottery
& Gold Work& Gold Work
Over 100 Different Over 100 Different Types of Potatoes Types of Potatoes
Cultivated Cultivated by the Incansby the Incans
Produce from a Produce from a Typical Incan Typical Incan Market Market
Incan Ceramic JarsIncan Ceramic Jars
PeanutPeanutPeanutPeanut PotatoPotatoPotatoPotato SquashSquashSquashSquash
Cacao Cacao GodGod
Cacao Cacao GodGod
Cacao PodCacao PodCacao PodCacao Pod
The The QuipuQuipu: : An Incan An Incan DatabaseDatabase
Incan MummiesIncan Mummies
Inca Gold & SilverInca Gold & Silver
Chapter 7, Section
Cahokia- Ceremonial center of the Mississippian cultureCahokia- Ceremonial center of the Mississippian culture
3
Chapter 7, Section 3
Arctic/SubarcticBeavers, Crees, Inuits, Kutchins Lived as nomadic hunters and food gatherers in cold climate; honored ocean, weather, and animal spirits
California/Great Basin/PlateauNez Percés, Pomos, Shoshones Lived as hunters and gatherers in small family groups; ate mainly fish, berries, acorns
SouthwestApaches, Hohokams, Hopis, Navajos, Pueblos Lived in villages in homes made of adobe; built irrigation systems to grow corn and other crops; honored earth, sky, and water spirits
SoutheastCherokees, Natchez Grew corn, squash, beans, and other crops; held yearly Green Corn Ceremony to mark end of year and celebrate harvest
Northwest CoastBella Coolas, Coos, Kwakiutls, Tlingits Lived in villages; benefited from rich natural resources in forests, rivers, and ocean; held potlatches, or ceremonial dinners, where host families gave gifts to guests to show wealth and gain status
Great PlainsApaches, Arapahos, Blackfeet, Cheyennes, Comanches, Crows, Lakotas, Mandans, OsagesLived in tepees; animals hunted by men; crops grown by women; relied on buffalo to meet basic needs of food, shelter, and clothing
Eastern WoodlandsAlgonquins, Chippewas, Hurons, Iroquois, Leni-Lenapes, Miamis, Pequots, Shawnees Lived in farming villages, but also hunted for food; long houses shared by several families; women held social and political power
North American Culture Areas About 1450North American Culture Areas About 1450