(c) 2012 Rey Ty Strategic Peacebuilding Schirch

Strategic Peacebuilding

© 2012 Rey Ty

OutlineI. Introduction

II. Definition

III. Values

IV. Relational Skills

V. Analysis

VI. Processes

VII. Waging Conflict Nonviolently

VIII. Reducing Direct Violence

VIII. Transforming Relationships

IX. Building Capacity

X. Strategic Design

XI. Evaluating & Coordinating Peacebuiding

Reference

*Note: Not all chapters are discussed here. © 2012 Rey Ty

Source:Schirch, Lisa. (2004). The little book of strategic peacebuilding. PA: Good Books.

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Chapter IIDefinition

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Peacebuilding is not…“soft or idealistic” (Schirch, p. 9).

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Peacebuilding is not…“the same as conflict transformation”, conflict resolution, or conflict management (Schirch, p. 10).

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Peacebuilding is not…“only for post-war societies (Schirch, p. 10).

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Peacebuilding is not…“based primarily on Western ideas (Schirch, p. 10).

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Peacebuilding …

“does not avoid conflict or ignore structural forms of violence and injustice” (Schirch, p. 10). © 2012 Rey Ty

Schirch, p. 12

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Chapter IIIValues

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Peacebuilding …

“values meeting human needs and protecting human rights” (Schirch, p. 13).

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“Material needs and rightsinclude food, shelter, water, healthcare, and resources to meet physical needs. They require societies to protect economic rights through distributive justice or a fair distribution of wealth, education, and employment opportunities for all people” (Schirch, p. 14).

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“Social needs and rights

include a sense of human dignity, belonging & predictability in relationships, security from attack, participation & influence in making decisions that affect one’s life, & an ability to earn respect & recognition from others” (Schirch, p. 14).

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“They require societies to protect social, civil, & political rights through procedural justice. This includes democratic structures, the enforcement of the rule of law, & social justice programs of empowerment & education that foster cross-cultural understanding” (Schirch, p. 14).

Social Needs and Rights

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include the ability to give life meaning through personal, cultural, & religious identities without persecution, threats, or intimidation” (Schirch, p. 14).

“Cultural needs and rights

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“Cultures & religion give people a sense of meaning, purpose, & identify” (Schirch, p. 14).

Cultural Needs

and Rights

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“These needs & rights require societies to protect religious freedoms, minority rights, & other social & civil rights through laws & education programs that foster understanding & tolerance” (Schirch, pp. 14-15).

Cultural Needs and Rights

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Chapter IVRelational Skills

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Relational Skills for Peacebuilding1. Self-reflection2. Active listening3. Diplomatic &

assertive speaking4. Appreciative

inquiry5. Creative problem-

solving6. Dialogue7. Negotiation8. Mediation

(Schirch, pp. 19-20).

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Chapter VAnalysis

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Analysis for Peacebuilding

1. Understand the local context.

2. People who use violence always find a way to justify it.

3. All forms of violence are related.

(Schirch, pp. 21-22).

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Structural Violence“Structural violence often leads to secondary violence, which includes civil wars, crime, domestic

violence, substance abuse, and suicide” (Schirch, pp. 21-22).

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Schirch, p. 24

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Chapter IXTransforming Relationships

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Transforming Relationships

Schirch, p. 46

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Principles of Conflict Transformation1. “Identify experiences & issues that have cause a

sense of harm, trauma, & injustice.”2. “Build relationships between people in conflict,

which hopefully lead to forgiveness & to a process of reconciliation.”

3. “Develop creative solutions that meet everyone’s needs” (Schirch, p. 48).

4. “Empower all people involved to transform their own conflict” (Schirch, p. 49).

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Approaches in Conflict Transformation

1. Dialogue (Schirch, p. 49)

2. Principled Negotiation (p. 50)

3. Mediation (p. 50)

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Doing Justice•“legal and judicial systems” reduce “violence”.•But “restorative & transitional justice” transform “relationships” (Schirch, p. 51).

•“Where people can be identified clearly as victims & offeders, formal legal & criminal justice systems play an important role in establishing order & doing justice” (Schirch, p. 51). © 2012 Rey Ty

Doing Justice•“Restorative & transitional justice processes identify the harms, needs, & responsibilities of the people involved in conflict and/or crime, &

create solutions that meet those needs” (Schirch, p. 51).

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“Restorative justice processes can serve either as an alternative or as a supplement to state-based criminal justice system” (Schirch, p. 51).

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Critique of Criminal Justice

Criminal justice “tends to focus on identifying what laws have been broken, and how the state should punish the offender. While this approach has some advantages, a key weakness is that offenders are held accountable to the state instead of to their victims” (Schirch, pp. 51-52).

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Critique of Criminal Justice“Victims are usually left out of the process of justice completely, and their needs and traumas are not addressed” (Schirch, p. 52).

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Critique of Criminal Justice

“Offenders are not encouraged to understand & address their responsibility to those they have harmed” (Schirch, p. 52).

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Restorative Justice “Restorative justice engages people in joint processes of identifying obligations & responsibilities

resulting from injustice or violence, meeting needs, and promoting healing” (Schirch, p. 52).

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Restorative Justice“Restorative justice focuses on the needs of victims, such as information about the crime, a place to tell their story of victimization, truth telling by the offenders, empowerment in the justice process, and restitution by offenders to victims” (Schirch, p. 52).

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“Key Questions of Restorative Justice”• “Who has been hurt?• What are their needs?• Who is obligated to meet those needs?• Who has been impacted or has a stake in this

situation?• What processes can be used to involve these

stakeholders in finding a solution?” (Schirch, p. 52).

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Transitional Justice“Transitional justice programs operate in post-war contexts where governmental authority is weak or non-existent, particularly in societies emerging from war or dictatorship” (Schirch, pp. 52-53).

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Transitional Justice“Transitional justice programs include setting up new legal and judicial systems that integrate the needs and desires of local people, cultures, and institutions based upon international human rights laws and standards” (Schirch, p. 53). © 2012 Rey Ty

Transitional Justice“They attempt to do justice with a view toward making peace. Increasingly, they

include a truth and/or reconciliation commission that uses some restorative justice principles” (Schirch, p. 53). © 2012 Rey Ty

Truth & Reconciliation Processes“Truth & reconciliation processes aim to identify people or groups that attacked civilians, and to give victims a process to identify their needs and to receive symbolic & financial reparations. The

sheer number of offenses and the delay in investigations into war crimes make identifying offenders difficult, time-consuming, and expensive” (Schirch, p. 53).

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Truth & Reconciliation Processes“Offenders are often unwilling to confess their crimes for fear of punishment and because they see their actions through the lens of self-defense or as an effort to achieve their own sense of justice” (Schirch, p. 53).

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Truth & Reconciliation Processes

“Truth & reconciliation programs such as the South African Truth & Reconciliation Commission (TRC) may offer human rights violators some sort of amnesty in exchange for their admission of guilt. Amnesty programs give individual offenders incentives to reveal the facts of their crimes needed by victims & their families” (Schirch, p. 53).

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Truth & Reconciliation Processes

“A compromise between amnesty programs and punishment-based justice may include more steps for holding offenders directly accountable to victims and for making reparations to them” (Schirch, p. 53). © 2012 Rey Ty

Ritual & Symbolic Transformation“In many formal peace talks, facilitators organize elaborate meals for participants” (Schirch, p. 54).

Ritual & Symbolic Transformation

“In trauma healing work, candle-light, prayers, or ceremonies help people feel safe to express their emotions & share their trauma” (Schirch, p. 54).

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“In the courtroom, symbols of justice help mark the special authority and seriousness of doing justice” (Schirch, p. 54).

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Ritual & Symbolic Transformation“Ritual helps transform people’s identity

from being victims of trauma to survivors of trauma” (Schirch, p. 54).

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“In mediations, a closing ritual can help people identify themselves as fellow problem-solvers rather than parties to a conflict” (Schirch, p. 54).

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“In some cultures, traditional rituals of sacrificing a bull or goat, drinking a special tea or liquor, or holding a formal ceremony are essential to peacebuilding” (Schirch, p. 54).

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Summary“The quality of relati-onships between peacebuilders & the communities they serve impacts how effective they will be in mobilizing the communities where they serve” (Schirch, p. 55).

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Chapter X

Capacity Building

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Approaches to Building Capacity

Education

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Education“Peace education explores the causes of conflict & the conditions of peace” (Schirch, p. 57).

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Education

“Conflict transformation training provides an opportunity to learn analytical, communication, & relationship skills” (Schirch, p 57).

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Education“Human rights education seeks to empower people to know & articulate their human rights & helps people know how to use international laws & judicial systems to protect these rights” (Schirch p. 57).

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Education

“Environmental education increases awareness about the impact of human activity on the environment & about sustainable ways humans can live with minimal negative impact on the environment” (Schirch, p. 57). © 2012 Rey Ty

Education

“The media is a form of education as it provides information & shapes peoople’s worldviews” (Schirch, p. 57).

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DevelopmentEconomic Development

Schirch, p. 59

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Military Conversion“demobilize, resettle, & retrain former combatants to live & participate in their communities”

Schirch, p. 61

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Research & Evaluation“Researching the dynamics & causes of conflict can alleviate the conflict as people involved in the process gain greater insight…”

“Evaluative research aims to learn from current & past efforts to build peace. What worked? How did it work? What did not work?” (Schirch, p. 61).

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The Strategic “What”

•A Local Capacity for Peacebuilding (Schirch, p. 64)

•Needs Assessment (p. 65)

•Connectors & Dividers (p. 65)

•Framing (p. 65)

•Persuasion & Coercion (p. 66)

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Pre-Violence“Before violence breaks out, structural forms of violence often exist….unfair distribution of resources or a violation of

Human rights. Preventative peacebuild-ing programs intervene before mass vio-lence erupts…. (Schirch, p. 75)

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Pre-Violence“Early warning & response projects aim to monitor conflicts in their early stage & send an alarm to the international community, govern-ments & nongovernmental organiza-tions before violence begins” (Schirch, p. 75).

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Pre-Violence“Through advocacy & other forms of strategic action, nonviolent activists can wage conflict by drawing national & international, national, & community leaders can work together to

express & address the issues democratically, convincing people that negotiation rather violence is the best means for resolving the conflict” (Schirch, pp. 75-76).

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Violence

“Conflicts are ‘ripe’ for negotiation when power is roughly balanced and there is wide awareness of key issues” (Schirch, p. 76).

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Principles of Strategic Peacebuilding Practice

1. Reflect on values2. Analyze conflict & violence3. Address basic needs & rights4. Plan long term5. Transform whole systems6. Coordinate approaches & actors7. Identify & create power8. Empower others9. See culture as a resource10. Innovate & use creativity(Schirch, pp. 70-80) © 2012 Rey Ty

Post-Violence“After war, societies need to disarm & reintegrate armed people, address trauma, & rebuild infrastructure” (Schirch, pp. 76-77).

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Post-Violence“Capacity-building programs can help societies develop ongoing peace & human rights education, create opportunities for social & economic development, & channel research funds into creating democratic structures that are culturally based” (Schirch, p. 77).

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“Without coordination, different approaches to building peace may

contradict other approaches or simply fail to achieve their maximum impact” (Schirch, p. 83)

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SummaryI. Introduction

II. Definition

III. Values

IV. Relational Skills

V. Analysis

VI. Processes

VII. Waging Conflict Nonviolently

VIII. Reducing Direct Violence

VIII. Transforming Relationships

IX. Building Capacity

X. Strategic Design

XI. Evaluating & Coordinating Peacebuiding

Reference

*Note: Not all chapters are discussed here. © 2012 Rey Ty

Music byRyan Harvey

(c) 2012 Rey Ty Strategic Peacebuilding Schirch

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