Byzantine Empire Successor State to Rome Post-Classical: Keeping it classy from 600 C.E-1450 C.E.
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Transcript of Byzantine Empire Successor State to Rome Post-Classical: Keeping it classy from 600 C.E-1450 C.E.
![Page 1: Byzantine Empire Successor State to Rome Post-Classical: Keeping it classy from 600 C.E-1450 C.E.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032702/56649ce15503460f949ab82f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Byzantine Empire
Successor State to Rome
Post-Classical: Keeping it classy from 600 C.E-1450 C.E
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Fall of the Roman Empire
164 – Antonian Plague spreads through Rome
180 – End of Pax Romana
300 – Diocletian divides the Empire
313 – Constantine legalizes Christianity
410 – Visigoths sack Rome
455 – Vandals sack Rome
476 – Fall of the Western Roman Empire
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Eastern Rome: A Survivor Society
• Constantine established the Eastern capital at Byzantium• Constantinople
• Reasons for Survival• Higher level of civilization
• Fewer nomadic invasions• Geography
• Prosperous commerce
• Stronger military
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The Empire Continued
• Continued to use many late Roman ideas• roads
• taxation
• military structure
• court system
• law codes
• Christianity
• Attempt to preserve Roman legacy• Called themselves
Romans
• Forbid German or “barbarian” customs
• Could not wear boots, pants, or clothing made of animal skins
• Could not have long hair
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Justinian (527-565)• Byzantine empire reached
greatest size under Justinian (527-565)• Wanted to rebuild Roman Empire
• Temporarily regained North Africa, Italy and southern Spain
• Wife, Theodora, had considerable power
• Rebuilt Constantinople• Hagia Sophia
• Justinian’s Code
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Byzantine Empire under Justinian
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Hagia Sophia
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Sui ChinaSilla
Parhae
YamotoJapan
Harsha’ Empire
Chalukya
Avar Kingdom
Frankish Kingdoms
GhanaAxum
SassanidEmpire
Byzantine Empire
States and Empires in 600 CEStates and Empires in 600 CE
Sui ChinaSilla
Parhae
YamotoJapan
Harsha’ Empire
Chalukya
Avar Kingdom
Frankish Kingdoms
GhanaAxum
SassanidEmpire
Byzantine EmpireSui China
Silla
Parhae
YamotoJapan
Harsha’ Empire
Chalukya
Avar Kingdom
Frankish Kingdoms
GhanaAxum
SassanidEmpire
Byzantine Empire
States and Empires in 600 CEStates and Empires in 600 CE
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The New Roman Empire• The Byzantine empire centralized its capital at Constantinople adopting and
adapting laws (Justinian’s Code) under Caesaropapal authority, becoming the crossroads between Asian and European trade and developing impressive domed architecture (ex. Hagia Sofia) continuing the engineering tradition of Rome
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Ghana
Carolingian
Byzantine
Abbasid Caliphate
Axum
Gurjara-Pratihara
Tang China
Srivijaya
Parhae
Silla
Cordoba Caliphate
Heian Japan
States and Empires in 800 CEStates and Empires in 800 CE
Ghana
Carolingian
Byzantine
Abbasid Caliphate
Axum
Gurjara-Pratihara
Tang China
Srivijaya
Parhae
Silla
Cordoba Caliphate
Heian Japan
Ghana
Carolingian
Byzantine
Abbasid Caliphate
Axum
Gurjara-Pratihara
Tang China
Srivijaya
Parhae
Silla
Cordoba Caliphate
Heian Japan
States and Empires in 800 CEStates and Empires in 800 CE
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Decline of the Empire
• Begins to decline in 1085• Expansion by rising
European powers
• The Crusades• The Fourth Crusade (1204)
• Turkish Muslims – Seljuks
• Decline slowed by “Greek fire”
• Empire falls in 1453• Constantinople conquered
by Ottoman Turks
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Byzantine Challenges
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Decline and Fall of the Empire• Challenges to Byzantine military would begin with Various Muslim forces (Arabs and
Turks) as well as fellow Christian bretheren (4th Crusade), territorial losses would diminish their trading capacity and war and plague would decrease their influence on Christianity leading Russia to eventually become the third Rome
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Mali
Oyo Benin
Zimbabwe
Zanj City-States
Ethiopia VijayanagaraSiam
Majapahit
Ashikaga Japan
Korea
Marinids HafsidsMamluk Sultanate
Granada
Portugal Castile
France
ScotlandEngland
Union of Kalmar
Holy Roman Empire
Poland-Lithuania
Hungary
Ottoman Emp.
Russian States
Khanate of the Golden Horde
JagataiKhanate
Ming China
Timurid Empire
States and Empires in 1400 CEStates and Empires in 1400 CE
Mali
Oyo Benin
Zimbabwe
Zanj City-States
Ethiopia VijayanagaraSiam
Majapahit
Ashikaga Japan
Korea
Marinids HafsidsMamluk Sultanate
Granada
Portugal Castile
France
ScotlandEngland
Union of Kalmar
Holy Roman Empire
Poland-Lithuania
Hungary
Ottoman Emp.
Russian States
Khanate of the Golden Horde
JagataiKhanate
Ming China
Timurid Empire
States and Empires in 1400 CEStates and Empires in 1400 CE
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Byzantine Economy• Byzantine coins were the
standard currency of Eastern Europe for 500 yrs
• Manufacturing center• Glassware & mosaics• Thriving silk industry
• Process spread from China• Government regulated
production of silk
• Established banks and business partnerships
• Taxed merchandise that passed through empire
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The “New Rome” - Constantinople
• The “New Rome”• Political, economic, and
cultural heart of the empire
• Largest city in Europe• Nearly 1 million people
• Important trade city• Western anchor of
Eurasian trade routes• Silk Roads
• Europe’s busiest marketplace
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Constantinople in Byzantine Times
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Byzantine Society
• Early emperors prevented wealthy from seizing peasant’s land• Theme System
• Army recruited soldiers from peasant class• Peasants received land for service
• Free peasantry replaced by large estates in the 11th century• Led to declining tax revenue• Size of the army decreased• Frequent peasant revolts
• Zealots of Thessalonica (1342-1350)
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Byzantine Culture
• Cultural Foundations• Christian beliefs
• Greek learning
• Roman engineering
• Byzantine Education• State-organized schools
• Widespread literacy
• Chariot Races• Blues vs. Greens
• Riot of 532
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Orthodox Christianity
• Byzantine emperors combined political and religious authority• Caesaropapism• Appointed the Patriarch of the Orthodox Church
• Orthodox or “right thinking” provided a cultural identity
• Empire and the church were essential for achieving salvation
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Orthodox/Catholic Similarities
• The Bible
• Sacraments
• Church hierarchy of patriarchs (bishops, priests, etc.)
• Missionary activity
• Intolerant of other religions
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The Great Schism - 1054Orthodox Christianity
• Eastern Europe
• Constantinople
• Greek
• Iconoclasm
• Priests could marry
• Easter
• Caesaropapism
Roman Catholic Christianity
• Western Europe
• Rome
• Latin
• Support use of icons
• Priests must remain celibate
• Christmas
• Pope
They also disagree on:• The nature of the Trinity• Relative importance of faith and reason
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Effects of the Great Schism
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Rise of Russia
• Area inhabited by Slavs• Vikings arrive using river
system
• Set up state based on trade & conquest around 9th Century• State founded by Rurik
• Capital at Kiev
• People called Rus
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Russia & Christianity
• Prince Vladimir converted in 989 • Converted for trade,
commercial reasons
• Elites baptized by order of prince, often against will
• Served as conduit for spread of Byzantine culture, religion
• Cyrillic Alphabet Famous Russian onion domes
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Kievan Rus
• “Third Rome”• Decentralized
government• Divided into
provinces
• Constant strife between boyars and princes
• Constant threat of nomadic invasion
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COT Byzantine Empire 600-1450
• From 600-1450, the Byzantine Empire would have state-sponsored Caesaropapism combining church and state under Eastern Orthodox Christendom, will continue to preserve the Greco-Roman heritage through the codification of law(Justinian’s Code) and building Monumental argictecture (engineering Hagia sofia), however great challenges to ther supremacy by Persians, Muslims and fellow Christian Crusaders(4th Crusade) would render them weak until their final collapse to the Ottoman Turks in 1453