By Thomas Hardy 1840-1928 - Drapers' Academy · 1840-1928 Thomas Hardy Novelist and poet Hardy was...

At An InnBy Thomas Hardy

1840-1928

At An Inn

What do we understand from the title of the poem?

When we as strangers soughtTheir catering care,Veiled smiles bespoke their thoughtOf what we were.They warmed as they opinedUs more than friends--That we had all resignedFor love’s dear ends.

And that swift sympathyWith living loveWhich quicks the world--maybeThe spheres above,Made them our ministers,Moved them to say,“Ah, God, that bliss like theirsWould flush our day!”

And we were left aloneAs Love’s own pair;Yet never the love-light shoneBetween us there!But that which chilled the breathOf afternoon,And palsied unto deathThe pane-fly’s tune.

The kiss their zeal foretold,And now deemed come,Came not: within his holdLove lingered numb.Why cast he on our portA bloom not ours?Why shaped us for his sportIn after-hours?

As we seemed we were notThat day afar,And now we seem not whatWe aching are.O severing sea and land,O laws of men,Ere death, once let us standAs we stood then!

AO3: Context

Thomas Hardy1840-1928Novelist and poet

Hardy was a Victorian realist, influenced by the Romantics and highly critical of what he considered to be a declining society. He was particularly focused on rural society and his novels explore tragic characters struggling against their social circumstances and passions.

Hardy was born in Dorset. His father was a stonemason; his mother was well-read and educated him until he went to school from the ages of 8-16. He could not afford a university education so trained as an architect. He moved to London but felt socially inferior and acutely aware of class divisions. He became interested in social reform, including the plight of women in an unequal society. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature.

His first wife’s death affected him greatly and, although he remarried, he wrote poetry to cope with her death. When Hardy died he stated he wished to be buried with his first wife however the executor of his will insisted he be buried at Poet’s Corner. A compromise was reached – his heart was buried with his wife; his ashes in Westminster Abbey.

Florence Henniker‘At An Inn’ describes (or is inspired by) an unfulfilled relationship with a married woman, the spirited, aristocratic Florence Henniker whom Hardy met in 1893. Hardy yearned for the unattainable with women and though the Hon. Florence Henniker was game for a busy friendship with the well-known author, she was certainly unattainable. When Hardy learned that she was staying at the family’s seaside house in Southsea, he proposed in August 1893 that they meet in Winchester so that he could show her the cathedral, to which she agreed. He left Dorchester, and his own wife, by train and met Mrs Henniker at Eastleigh station, where they caught a train to Winchester. In a compartment together, between the two stations, Hardy told her that he had more than the cathedral on his mind and Mrs Henniker told him that surveying the cathedral would be quite sufficient. It’s to their credit that the friendship survived this proposition. The pair did stay in Winchester that night, at the George Hotel, and Hardy took some pleasure from the staff thinking that the couple were in fact married.

AO2: Language and Imagery


What is the poet saying here?

What type of language is used in this stanza? What tone does it create?

What does the first person plural suggest about the voice of the poem?

Sibilance = playful tone/fluidity of events

The dash suggests that, despite the assumptions of the people at the inn, there is a distance between the speaker and the woman.

And that swift sympathyWith living loveWhich quicks the world-- maybeThe spheres above,Made them our ministers,Moved them to say,“Ah, God, that bliss like theirsWould flush our day!”

The alliteration creates a sense of movement and life- ‘living love’ makes the world go round. The fast pacesuggests excitement.

Even the people in the inn are ‘moved’.


The reference to the ‘spheres’ suggests that what is happening is fate. How does the use of religious language reinforce this idea that their ‘love’ is meant to be?

How do the dash and use of ‘maybe’ temper this idea?

Another dash and the word ‘maybe’ suggest uncertainty/life is not so simple as the idea put forward.


Love is personified.

This admission that they are not in love signals a transition. The atmosphere now becomes cold, static and negative.

Which words suggest these qualities?


What is the ‘that’ which changes the atmosphere?


Love personified, lingers ‘numb’. Why is this an appropriate description?

Caesura: echoes the idea that love has stopped. It will not develop.

Assonance: suggests regret or longing.

If not theirs, whose ‘bloom’ is it? How does this tie in with the idea of movement or growth?

The speaker suggests that this encounter is not his fault- it is Love’s ‘sport’. This ties to the idea of fate introduced earlier.


A temporal shift: there is a distance between then (‘afar’) and ‘now.


What does ‘aching’ represent? Is it the speaker’s sense of regret or a reflection of his advanced age?

Cries of regret.

Are they now separated by distance as well as time? Or by morality (‘laws of men’)?

Note that this is an imperativepunctuated to be an exclamation. How does this add to the sense of regret felt by the speaker?

AO2: Form / Structure


And that swift sympathyWith living loveWhich quicks the world--maybeThe spheres above,Made them our ministers,Moved them to say,“Ah, God, that bliss like theirsWould flush our day!”




Can you identify the rhyme scheme?

A When we as strangers soughtB Their catering care,A Veiled smiles bespoke their thoughtB Of what we were.C They warmed as they opinedD Us more than friends--C That we had all resignedD For love’s dear ends.

A And that swift sympathyB With living loveA Which quicks the world--maybeB The spheres above,C Made them our ministers,D Moved them to say,C “Ah, God, that bliss like theirsD Would flush our day!”

The regular rhyme scheme gives the poem a sense of completion, contrasting with the language that suggests the relationship never met its potential.

AO4/5: Links and Interpretations

Do you agree?

Hardy uses the first person plural throughout the poem –speaking for both himself and the woman.

How can we link this to other poems we have read? How does it link to attitudes towards love?

“Hardy does not deny the woman in his poem a voice, but he does assume that he knows her feelings and that he can speak for her. In doing so, he objectifies her as much as any of the earlier male poets.”

Think about: • The characteristics of love• The representation of the people involved• The feelings of the speaker• Any imagery or language used• The way the structure and form reflects this

Make sure you cover all the AOs in your answer.

Examine the view that Thomas Hardy presents the

speaker in this poem as having an unrealistic

attitude to love.

Fill in your CLIFS sheet for this poem. Remember, this will be a revision aid!

By Thomas Hardy 1840-1928 - Drapers' Academy · 1840-1928 Thomas Hardy Novelist and poet Hardy was...

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