Introduction To Air Force ROTC. Mission Develop Quality Leaders for the Air Force.
by small unit leaders to analyze a mission,
Transcript of by small unit leaders to analyze a mission,
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Show-Me GOLD
RISK ASSESSMENTENVIRONMENTAL
CONSIDERSATIONS
TERMINAL LEARNINGOBJECTIVE
ACTION: Conduct Troop Leading Procedures (TLP’’’’s).
CONDITION: Given an Instructor, Training Materials,
classroom Environment and Reading Assignments.
STANDARD: Conduct Troop Leading Procedures (TLP’’’’s) IAW
ADRP 3-0 Unified Land Operations, 5-0 The Operations
Process and ADP 3-0 Unified Land Operations, 5-0 The
Operations Process and Achieve a minimum Passing Score
of 80% in Overall testing.
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Enabling Learning Objective
ELO 1
ACTION: Determine the Eight (8) Steps of the TLPs.
CONDITION: Given an Instructor, Training Materials,
classroom Environment and Reading Assignments.
STANDARD: Conduct Troop Leading Procedures (TLP’’’’s) IAW
ADRP 3-0, 5-0 and ADP 3-0, 5-0 and Achieve a minimum
Passing Score of 80% in Overall testing.
The dynamic process used
by small unit leaders to
analyze a mission,
develop a plan, and
prepare for an operation.
ADRP 3-0
ADP 5-0
TROOP LEADING PROCEDURES
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PARALLEL PLANNING
TROOP LEADING PROCEDURES – 8 STEPS
1. Receive mission
2. Issue warning order
3. Make a tentative plan
4. Initiate necessary troop movement
5. Conduct reconnaissance
6. Complete plan
7. Issue OPORD
8. Supervise ADRP 5-0
TROOP LEADING PROCEDURES
1. RECEIVE MISSION
� determine units’’’’ missions
� assess the time available
� conduct an initial analysis of
the order using METT-TC
FM 3-21.10
TROOP LEADING PROCEDURES
2. ISSUE WARNING ORDER
First WARNO includes at a minimum
� Type of operation
� General location of operation
� Initial operational timeline
� Reconnaissance to initiate
� Movement to initiate
� Planning & preparation instructions and timeline
� Information requirements
� Commander’’’’s critical information requirements
FM 3-21.10
TROOP LEADING PROCEDURES
3. MAKE A TENTATIVE PLAN
- Mission Analysis
- Course of Action Development (COA)
- COA Analysis
- COA Comparison
- COA Selection
FM 3-21.10
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TROOP LEADING PROCEDURES
4. INITIATE NECESSARY
TROOP MOVEMENT
�This step can be
executed at any time
throughout the
sequence of the TLP
FM 3-21.10
TROOP LEADING PROCEDURES
5. Conduct Reconnaissance
�Information confirms, adjusts or denies current
intel
FM 3-21.8
FM 3-21.10
TROOP LEADING PROCEDURES
6. Complete plan
• Expand selected COA into OPORD
• Update the tentative plan based on
recon
• Prepare briefing sites
• Conduct final coordination
FM 3-21.10
TROOP LEADING PROCEDURES
7. ISSUE OPORD
FM 3-21.10
TROOP LEADING PROCEDURES
8. SUPERVISE�Rehearsal considerations
�Reduce-force
�Full-dress
�Type of rehearsal
�Confirmation brief
�Backbrief
�Combined arms rehearsal
�Support rehearsal
FM 3-21.10
ACTION: Conduct A Mission Analysis using METT-TC
CONDITION: Given an Instructor, Training Materials,
classroom Environment and Reading Assignments.
STANDARD: Conduct A Mission Analysis using METT-TC IAW
ADRP 3-0, 5-0 and ADP 3-0, 5-0 and Achieve a minimum
Passing Score of 80% in Overall testing.
Enabling Learning Objective
ELO 2
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METT-TC
Mission
Enemy
Terrain & Weather
Troops – own
Time available
Civilian Considerations
TROOP LEADING PROCEDURES
FM 3-21.10
WHAT IS A MISSION?
ANALYZE MISSION
A mission is the task and
purpose that clearly
indicate the action to be
taken and the reason for
the action.
FM 3-21.10
ANALYZE MISSION
- Higher headquarters’’’’ Mission, Intent, and
Concept (two levels up)
- Immediate Higher Headquarters Mission, Intent,
and Concept (one level up)
- Unit’’’’s purpose
FM 3-21.10
TASKS
- A clearly defined and measurable activity accomplished by Soldiers or units.
Tactical mission task- describe the results or effects the commander wants to achieve.
ANALYZE MISSION
ADP 5-0
FM 3-90, Appx. B-1
Tactical Mission Tasks
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ESSENTIAL TASKS
ANALYZE MISSION
FM 3-21.10
The essential task is the
tactical mission task- it
accomplishes the assigned
purpose.
SPECIFIED TASKS
FM 3-21.10
ANALYZE MISSION
Are those specifically assigned
to a unit by a higher
headquarters and found
throughout the OPORD.
IMPLIED TASKS
ANALYZE MISSION
FM 3-21.10
Are those that must be
performed in order to
accomplish the specified task,
but which are not stated in the
higher headquarters order.
FM 3-21.10
ANALYZE MISSION
- Constraints- Constraints either prohibit or require
an action. Leaders identify all constraints the
OPORD places on their units’’’’ ability to execute
their missions.
two types
Proscriptive- required; mandates action
Prohibitive- not allowed; limits action
Fire Support Task Matrix
FST T T L O D A C
FST1 A1B
C Co crosses
53 Easting
LD 5478 4301
LD 5545 4239
P: C Co;
A: B Co
P: FA;
A: MTR
BN 4 RNDS
HE/VT
P: FH 800;
A: FH 600
FST2 AB 2400
OBJ Hammer
Secured LD 5626 4135
P: C Co;
A: A Co
P: MTR;
A: FA
16 RNDS
HE/PROX
P: FH 600;
A: FH 800
ALLOCATIONS:
RESTRICTIONS/ FSCM: CFL PL RED; NFA 1 AND 2 IN EFFECT
ASSESSMENT: 20 x Insurgents destroyed and enemy unable to reconsolidate forces
Phase III: Assault OBJ Hammer
TASK/PURPOSE: FST 1: Destroy Insurgent base-camp P1: IOT Deny insurgent ability to provide Direct Fire on
Assault Force FST 2: Suppress Insurgent reinforcemnets P2: IOT interdict repositioning of enemy forces
EXECUTION:
POF: FA - C Co; MTR - B Co
POSITIONING GUIDANCE: Mortars move along RTE Cobra and occupy MFP 1 (AOF 1600); IPRTF NLT H - 1
ANALYZE MISSION
ADP 5-0
FM 3-21.10
The result of mission analysis is the
restated mission statement, a simple,
concise expression of the essential tasks
that must be accomplished and the
purpose to be achieved.
who, (type of operation) what (task),
when, where, why (purpose)
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MISSION STATEMENT
ANALYZE MISSION
WHO – 2nd Platoon, C Company
WHAT – will attack to seize Objective Blue
WHERE – at GL 1234 5678
WHEN – no later than 020500Z AUG 09
WHY – in order to deny the enemy key terrain in AO
2 PLT, C Co will attack to seize OBJ BLUE
at GL 1234 5678 NLT 020500Z AUG 09 IOT
deny the ENY key terrain in AO
ENEMY ANALYSIS
Dispositions
Compositions
Strengths
Doctrine
Equipment
Capabilities
Vulnerabilities
Probable courses of action
FM 3-21.10
TERRAIN ANALYSIS
Define the battlefield into two areas
� Area of Operation (AO)- operational
area defined by higher commanders
� Area of Interest (AI)- any threat or
other element that greatly influence
the accomplishment of the mission
FM 3-21.10
1 A
1 1
1
1
2
2
3
3
AO VIPER
O- obstacles
A- avenues of approach
K- key terrain
O- observation & fields of fire
C- cover & concealment
FM 3-21.10
TERRAIN ANALYSIS
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TERRAIN ANALYSIS
OBSTACLESIdentify existing obstacles
Natural
Man-made
Identify reinforcing obstacles
Tactical
Protective
FM 3-21.10
TERRAIN ANALYSIS
OBSTACLES
Categories of terrain
�Unrestricted
�Restricted
�Severely restricted
Analysis and categories must be made for both
mounted and dismounted movement
FM 3-21.10
TERRAIN ANALYSIS
AVENUES OF APPROACHAn air or ground route of an attacking force
leading to an objective or key terrain
Classified by:
� TYPE (MOUNTED, DISMOUNTED, AIR, SUBTERRAINEN)
� FORMATION
� SPEED OF LARGEST UNIT
FM 3-21.10
TERRAIN ANALYSIS
KEY TERRAIN
KEY TERRAIN- Any locality or area, the
seizure or retention of which affords a
marked advantage to either combatant in
a given course of action.
DECISIVE TERRAIN- Key terrain whose
seizure, retention, or control is necessary for
mission accomplishment
FM 3-21.10
OBSERVATION & FIELDS OF FIRE
Observation- The condition of weather and terrain that permits a force to see the friendly, enemy, and neutral personnel and systems, and key aspects of the environment.
Fields of Fire- Areas that a weapon or group of weapons may effectively cover with fire from a given position.
ADP 5-0
TERRAIN ANALYSIS
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COVER AND CONCEALMENT
Cover- Protection from the effects of direct and /
or indirect fires.
Concealment- Protection from observation
and surveillance.
TERRAIN ANALYSIS
FM 3-21.10
TERRAIN ANALYSIS -WEATHER
• Visibility
• Winds
• Temperature/Humidity
• Precipitation
• Cloud Cover
FM 3-21.10
There are five military aspects of weather:
Leaders consider how the weather will affect the units visibility, mobility, and survivability.
ANALYZE TROOPS
Leaders study their task organization to determine:
FM 3-21.10
• Number
• Type
• Capabilities
• Condition
• Readiness
• Maintenance
• Training
• Strengths
• Weaknesses
• Leaders
TIME ANALYSIS
Four categories for leaders to consider
� next higher echelon’’’’s timeline
� operations
� planning and preparation
� enemy timeline
Aids to planning
� 1/3, 2/3 rule
� Backward / Forward Planning
FM 3-21.10
AIDS TO PLANNING 1/3, 2/3 RULE, AND
BACKWARD PLANNING
FM 3-21.10
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CIVIL CONSIDERATIONS
How the man-made infrastructure, civilian institutions, attitudes and activities of the civilian leaders, populations, and organizations within the AO influence the conduct of military operations.
ASCOPE
•Areas
•Structures
•Capabilities
•Organizations
•People
•Events
ADP 5-0
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RISK MANAGEMENT
This is the process of identifying,
assessing, and controlling risks arising
from operational factors, and making
decisions that balance risk cost with
mission benefits.
Risk management consists of five steps
that are performed throughout the
operations process.
FM 3-21.10
Step 1. Identify hazards. Current and future
situations.
Step 2. Assess hazards. Determine the risk of
potential loss based on probability and severity of the
hazard.
Step 3. Develop controls, determine residual
risk, and make risk decision. Develop controls.
Specify who, what, where, when, and how for each
control.
RISK MANAGEMENT
FM 3-21.10
Step 4. Implement controls. State how each
control will be put into effect & communicated to
personnel who will make it happen.
Step 5. Supervise & evaluate.
•Supervise controls. Explain how each control will
be monitored to ensure proper implementation.
•Evaluate controls. Evaluate the effectiveness of
each control in reducing or eliminating risk.
RISK MANAGEMENT
FM 3-21.10
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MISSION ANALYSIS
IDENTIFY TENTATIVE DECISIVE POINTS
� Most important aspect of the TLP
� Entire COA is developed from the decisive
point
� Defines how, where, or when the unit will
accomplish it’’’’s purpose
FM 3-21.10
DECISIVE POINT
WHAT IS A DECISIVE POINT?
A DECISIVE POINT IS A GEOGRAPHIC
PLACE, SPECIFIC KEY EVENT, CRITICAL
SYSTEM OR FUNCTION THAT ALLOWS
COMMANDERS TO GAIN A MARKED
ADVANTAGE OVER AN ENEMY AND
GREATLY INFLUENCE THE OUTCOME
OF AN ATTACK.
FM 1-02
DECISIVE POINT
• Might orient on terrain, enemy, time or a
combination of these
• The event or action that will ultimately
and irreversibly lead to the unit
achieving its purpose
• Does not simply restate the unit’’’’s
essential task or purpose
FM 3-21.10
ACTION: Develop a course of action (COA) using the
Troop Leading Procedure (TLP’’’’s).
CONDITION: Given an Instructor, Training Materials, Field
Manuals and a OPORD.
STANDARD: Produce COA based on mission analysis IAW
ADP 5-0, FM 3-21.8 and FM 3-21.10.
Enabling Learning Objective
ELO 3
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COA Development
STEP 1: Analyze Relative Combat Power
STEP 2: Generate Options
STEP 3: Array Forces
STEP 4: Develop the Concept of Operations
STEP 5: Assign Responsibilities
STEP 6: Prepare COA Statement and Sketch
ADP 5-0
FM 3-21.10,
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COA CRITERIA
ADP 5-0
Step 1: Analyze Relative Combat Power
Four goals include-
� Identify an enemy weakness to exploit
� Identify friendly strengths to exploit enemy weakness
� Identify enemy strengths to mitigate
� Identify friendly weaknesses to protect
COA Development
ADP 5-0
FM 3-21.10
COA Development
Step 2: Generate Options
� Determine one or more ways to accomplish
missions
� Consider TTP from doctrine, history, or other
resources to find a solution
� Confirm mission’’’’s decisive point
� From the decisive point, ID the purposes of
decisive, shaping, and sustaining operations
� Determine the tactical mission tasks for the
decisive, shaping, and sustaining operations
ADP 5-0
FM 3-21.10,
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Decisive Point
What is a decisive point?
A decisive point is a geographic place, specific key event, critical system
or function
That Allows commanders to gain a marked advantage over an enemy and
greatly influence the outcome of an attack
•Might Orient on terrain, enemy, time or a combination of those.
•The event or action that will ultimately and irreversibly lead to the unit
aching its
purpose.
•Does not simply restate the unit’s essential task or purpose.
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By addressing the decisive point, the friendly commander is able to determine
where/when to focus his combat power. Next step is to determine tasks and purposes
For the decisive, shaping and any sustaining operations.
Example of Decisive point
Step 3: Array Forces
The product from generate options is used to
determine what is required to accomplish the
mission (Soldiers, weapons and other
equipment).
““““THE RIGHT TOOL FOR THE JOB””””
COA Development
FM 3-21.10
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Step 4: Develop a Concept of Operations
• Describes how the leader sees the mission unfolding.
• Determine how accomplishing each task leads to the next
task.
• Determine the best ways to use terrain and employ unit
strengths.
• Develop control measures necessary to convey and
enhance the understanding of the operation.
COA Development
ADP 5-0
FM 3-21.10
Step 5: Assign Responsibilities
� assign responsibilities for each task to a
subordinate
COA Development
ADP 5-0
FM 3-21.10
Step 6: Prepare a COA Statement and Sketch
� describes the Concept of Operations
� the basis for paragraph 3 of the OPORD
The COA statement & sketch should identify-� decisive point, and what makes it decisive
� form of maneuver or type of defensive operation
� tasks & purposes of the decisive, shaping, and sustaining
operations
� reserve planning priorities
� purpose of critical WFF elements
� the end state
COA Development
FM 3-21.10
• THINK THROUGH THE OPERATION FROM START TO FINISH.
• VISUALIZE A SET OF ACTIONS AND REACTIONS
• THE OBJECT IS TO DETERMINE WHAT CAN GO WRONG AND WHAT DECISION THE LEADER NEEDS TO MAKE AS A RESULT
COA ANALYSIS (WARGAME)
FM 3-21.10
-REMAIN OBJECTIVE
-DO NOT MAKE CHANGES – TAKE NOTES
TECHNIQUES:
- BOX
- BELT
- AVENUES IN DEPTH
COA ANALYSIS (WARGAME)
FM 3-21.10
BOX
• Focuses the wargame on a specific area
• May be:
– The objective area
– An Engagement area
– Other critical location
• Used when time is limited or the enemy
situation is clear.
FM 3-21.10
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BOX
FM 3-21.10
BELT
- The belt technique allows the leader to
divide the COA into events or belts.
- May be done from phase line to phase or by
significant events
- Most effective for offensive COAs
FM 3-21.10
BELT
FM 7-10 p. 2-27FM 3-21.10
AVENUES IN DEPTH
• Analyze friendly and enemy actions along
one avenue of approach at a time.
• Best for defensive COAs
FM 3-21.10
AVENUES IN DEPTH
FM 3-21.10