By Sewvanda Hewa Thumbellage Don, Meshegna Shumye, Owen Paxton, Mackenzie Cook, Jonathon Lee,...
-
Upload
ferdinand-mathews -
Category
Documents
-
view
217 -
download
1
Transcript of By Sewvanda Hewa Thumbellage Don, Meshegna Shumye, Owen Paxton, Mackenzie Cook, Jonathon Lee,...
1
FM Transceiver
BySewvanda Hewa Thumbellage Don,
Meshegna Shumye, Owen Paxton, Mackenzie Cook, Jonathon Lee, Mohamed Khelifi, Rami Albustami,
Samantha Trifoli
4
Applications
• Radios• Walkie-Talkies• Spy Equipment• Security and Alarm Systems• Carleton Class room Microphones• Heart Rate monitors and Medical Applications
Without the Phone!!!
5
Block Diagram
Feedback Loop
Channel Select Filter
Phase Locked loop FM
demodulator
AudioAmp
Mixer
FM modulator
LNA
PABandpass
Filter
Channel Select Voltage ControlOscillators
Frequency Synthesis
8
Transistor Modelling5µm Length Transistor with Original Parameter Values
Extracted data Originally Calculated Parameter fit data
VG=5V
VG=4V
VG=3V
VG=2V
VG=1VVG=0V
9
Transistor Modelling 5µm Length Transistor with Parameter Fit Values
Extracted data Parameter fit data
VG=5V
VG=4V
VG=3V
VG=2V
VG=1VVG=0V
10
Transistor Modelling 2.5µm Length Transistor with Original Parameter Values
Extracted data Originally Calculated Parameter fit data
VG=5V
VG=4V
VG=3V
VG=2V
VG=1V
VG=0V
11
Transistor Modelling2.5µm Length Transistor with Parameter Fit Values
Extracted data Parameter fit data
VG=5V
VG=4V
VG=3V
VG=2V
VG=1V
VG=0V
12
Minimum Transistor Length
5µm 2.5µm
• Minimum transistor length in the Carleton Fabrication Lab is typically 5µm• We pushed it to 2.5µm for higher speed in our circuit
15
Process Variation• Variations in the fabrication of our circuits
causes variation in substrate doping and threshold voltage
17
Mixer Function
• Obtain a desired frequency using two given signals (RF and LO)
RF Signal
Local Oscillator
f
Desired Frequency
100.2MHZ
19
Challenges
• Getting the Required Gain– No full size resistors– Resistors made from MOSFETs
• Third Order Intermodulation Products– Side effects of the mixing process– Falls near the Output Frequency making detection
complex
22
FM modulator
PABandpass
Filter
Channel Select Voltage ControlOscillators
Frequency Synthesis
Rami [email protected]
FM POWER AMPLIFIER
23
What is a Power Amplifier?
• Boosts the Output Power• The final component just before the antenna
in a transmitter
25
Gain ≈ 25.7 dB
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 2003.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
6.5
Frequency (MHz)
Vout
(dBm
)With Input Power = -20 dBm
26
1 dB Compression Point
Power Amplifiers trades-off efficiency & linearity
-55.00 -45.00 -35.00 -25.00 -15.00 -5.00 5.00 15.00
-25.00
-15.00
-5.00
5.00
15.00
25.00
Pin (dBm)
Vout
(dBm
)
1 dB Compression Point (-9,16.8)
Gain ≈ 25.7 dB
27
How far will the signal travel?50 meters
Free Space Path Loss ≈ 46.4 dB
With Output Power ≈ 5.7 dBm
Power Received ≈ -40.7 dBm
28
Owen [email protected]
PLL Frequency Synthesizer
Feedback Loop Channel Select Filter
Phase Locked loop FM
demodulator
AudioAmp
Mixer
FM modulator
LNA
PABandpass
Filter
Frequency Synthesis
30
Programmable Divide By N
Challenges:• Range 80MHz-110MHz• Step Size 200KHz• Divide by 400-550
Solution:• Counter with
programmable reset
36
[1] J.W.M. Rogers and C. Plett, Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design, 2nd ed., Norwood, MA; Artech House, 2010.
[2] Adel Sedra and Kenneth Smith, Microelectronics Circuits, 6th ed., Oxford University, 2010.
[3] Erik Dahlman, 3G Evolution, 2nd ed., Burlington, Ma; 2008.
References
[4] Steve C. Cripps, RF Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communication, Norwood, MA; Artech House, 1999.